Contra-tapered tank design for cross-counterflow radiator
The invention relates to a cross-counterflow heat exchanger, such as a cross-counterflow radiator for a motor vehicle, having an improved inlet/outlet tank wherein the inlet and outlet chambers are laterally off-set allowing the inlet and outlet ports to be oriented in the same general direction toward the fluid source; more particularly, the inlet and outlet chambers are tapered thereby providing improved flow distribution and pressure drop for fluid flow; still more particularly, the return tank inlet and outlet chambers are contra-tapered allowing the inlet and outlet ports to be substantially aligned resulting in a laterally compact heat exchanger.
The invention relates to a cross-counterflow heat exchanger, such as a cross-counterflow radiator for a motor vehicle, having an improved inlet/outlet tank wherein the inlet and outlet chambers are contra-tapered, thereby allowing the inlet and outlet ports to extend in the same general direction toward a fluid source.
BACKGROUND OF INVENTIONCross-counter flow heat exchangers, such as a cross-counter flow radiator, are used to convey heat away from hot powertrain components such as the engine, transmission, compressor, or even a fuel cell of an automobile. With the advent of new powertrain cooling challenges, the need for mass reduction, and the decreasing available space within the engine compartment of an automobile, cross-counter flow radiators are becoming more desirable because of its higher cooling capacity per unit volume.
A cross-counter flow radiator is part of a closed loop system wherein the radiator is hydraulically connected to passageways within an engine or other powertrain heat source through which a heat transfer fluid, such as a mixture of water and ethylene glycol, is circulated. A stream of air is blown perpendicularly to a face of the radiator for heat transfer to the ambient air.
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The hot heat transfer fluid from the internal combustion engine flows into the first chamber 150a by way of inlet port 155a and then through first passageways 125a to return tank 130. Return tank 130 is hydraulically connected to second passageways 125b through which the heat transfer fluid travels to second chamber 150b before exiting outlet port 155b. As the hot fluid flows through passageways 125a, 125b heat is released to the ambient air by convection. It should be appreciated that the heat transfer fluid flows in substantially parallel but counter directional paths in the first passageways 125a along first face 105a and in the opposite direction through second passageways 125b along the opposed second face 105b.
Unlike conventional cross flow radiators, cross-counterflow radiators have the inlet and outlet ports at the same end of the heat exchanger core. The engine is the hot fluid source 165 supplying the cross-counter flow heat exchanger.
A disadvantage of the prior art inlet/outlet tanks 135, 235 is that additional hardware such as elbows, hoses, clamps, and fittings are required to orient either the inlet ports 155a, 255a or outlet ports 155b, 255b toward the fluid source 165, 220. This results in additional space utilization, weight, plumbing hardware, potential leak points, labor, and associated cost.
Furthermore, the inlet/outlet tank designs 135, 235 shown in
For design criteria where space is limited, such as the engine compartment of a modern vehicle, there exists a need for a cross-counter flow heat exchanger that is compact, robust, economical to manufacture, and provides the same desired fluid flow distribution and pressure drop advantages as those of tapered tanks.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTIONThe invention relates to a cross-counterflow heat exchanger, such as a cross-counterflow radiator for a motor vehicle, having an improved inlet/outlet tank wherein the inlet and outlet chambers are contra-tapered, thereby allowing the inlet and outlet ports to extend in the same general direction toward the fluid source, and provide improved flow distribution and pressure drop for fluid flow.
The cross-counterflow fluid heat exchanger has a central core with two opposing lateral faces and two opposing core ends. The central core is constructed from a plurality of substantially parallel liquid flow tubes with fins in between the tubes for improved heat dissipation and added structural integrity. The flow tubes have an internal lengthwise partition defining a plurality of first fluid passageways along one face and a plurality of second fluid passageways along the opposed face. The heat exchanger is supplied with heated fluid from a fluid source, such as that of an internal combustion engine of a motor vehicle, located spaced apart from one of the opposed faces.
A return tank is attached to one end of the central core corresponding to the flow tube openings at one core end and an inlet/outlet tank is attached to the opposite end of the parallel tube openings. The inlet/outlet tank has a first chamber that hydraulically communicates with the first fluid passageways and a second chamber that hydraulically communicates with the second fluid passageways.
Unlike a conventional inlet/outlet tank, which has a single lateral or side surface facing the engine, each chamber in the inlet/outlet tank of the subject invention has a distinct lateral surface, offset from the plane of the other, and large enough to allow a port to extend therefrom in the same direction, toward the engine, without interference with the other chamber or port. In addition, in the embodiment disclosed, each chamber of the inlet/outlet tank is contra-tapered, that is, tapered in the opposite direction from the other chamber. This shape provides the offset lateral surfaces that are both wide enough to allow the desired location and orientation of the ports, as well as providing for improved flow distribution.
An advantage of the present invention is that the inlet and outlet port openings extend in the same general direction toward the fluid source. This preferred orientation of the inlet/outlet ports eliminates the need for additional plumbing hardware such as elbows, hoses, clamps, and fittings to redirect the heat exchange fluid flow toward the fluid source, thereby resulting in less weight and reduced potential leak points.
A further advantage of contra-tapering the chambers of the inlet/out tank toward the central core opposing surfaces is that this provides a compact inlet/outlet tank design resulting in a laterally compact heat exchanger. A compact inlet/outlet tank design also allows for lesser coolant usage resulting in additional weight savings.
A still further advantage is that the contra tapered chambers provide improved flow distribution and pressure drop for the heat exchange fluid as it flows through the central core. This allows for even more compact heat exchanger design due to greater increase efficiency of the heat exchanger.
The features and advantages of the present invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art from analysis of the following written description, the accompanying drawings and claims.
This invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
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In reference to both
In reference to
The external features of first chamber 365a include lateral exterior surface 370a and exterior end edge 375a. The external features of second chamber 365b include lateral exterior surface 370b and exterior end edge 375b. First and second chambers' lateral exterior surfaces 370a, 370b are both laterally offset, as well as offset from the plane of the other. Both lateral exterior surfaces 370a, 370b face fluid source 345 and are wide enough to allow the desired location and orientation of inlet/outlet ports 340a, 340b.
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The shape of the second chamber lateral exterior surface 370a is also substantially triangular; however, a portion of second chamber lateral exterior surface 370 is obscured by first chamber 365a. The latitudinal distance Y between second chamber exterior end edge 375b and exterior perimeter edge 362 by first support member 314a is less than the latitudinal distance X between said second chamber exterior end edge 375b and exterior perimeter edge 362 by second support member 314b.
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Contra-tapering first and second chambers 365a, 365b of inlet/out tank 335 also provides for an overall laterally compact inlet/outlet tank design. Furthermore, tapered chambers provide improved flow distribution and pressure drop for the heat exchange fluid as it flows through central core 305 and thereby increases the heat transfer efficiency of the heat exchanger.
In reference to
While this invention has been described in terms of the preferred embodiments thereof, it is not intended to be so limited, but rather only to the extent set forth in the claims that follow.
Claims
1. In a cross-counterflow fluid heat exchanger with a pair of opposed faces having:
- a heat exchanger core with a plurality of liquid flow tubes, wherein said tubes have a lengthwise partition defining a first fluid passageway along one face and a second fluid passageway along the opposed face; and in which said heat exchanger is supplied with fluid from a source located spaced from one of said opposed faces, the improvement comprising,
- an inlet/outlet tank on one end of said core having: a first chamber hydraulically communicating with said first fluid passageway; a second chamber hydraulically communicating with said second fluid passageway; a first chamber lateral exterior surface facing said fluid source; a second chamber lateral exterior surface facing said fluid source, wherein one of said chamber lateral exterior surfaces extends beyond the other; a first inlet/outlet port through said first chamber lateral exterior surface and extending generally toward said fluid source; and a second inlet/outlet port through said second chamber lateral exterior surface and also extending generally toward said fluid source.
2. A cross-counterflow fluid heat exchanger of claim 1 wherein said first chamber lateral exterior surface and said second chamber lateral exterior surface are on off-set substantially parallel planes.
3. A cross-counterflow fluid heat exchanger of claim 2 wherein at least one of said chamber lateral exterior surfaces is tapered.
4. A cross-counterflow fluid heat exchanger of claim 2 wherein said first chamber lateral exterior surface and said second chamber lateral exterior surface are contra-tapered.
5. A cross-counterflow fluid heat exchanger of claim 2 wherein at least one of said chambers is tapered.
6. A cross-counterflow fluid heat exchanger of claim 2 wherein said first chamber and said second chamber are contra-tapered.
7. A cross-counter flow fluid heat exchanger of claim 1 wherein:
- said heat exchanger core further comprises a first support member and a second support member bounding either side of said core, wherein said support members are substantially parallel with said flow tubes; and
- said inlet/outlet tank further comprising of: an elongated cavity having an interior surface and an exterior perimeter edge along open face of cavity, a longitudinal axis along length of cavity; a partition along longitudinal axis together with said interior surface defining said first chamber and said second chamber; a first chamber exterior edge connected to said first chamber exterior surface; and a second chamber exterior edge connected to said second chamber exterior surface; wherein the distance W between said first chamber exterior edge and said exterior perimeter edge by said first support member is greater than the distance Z between said first chamber exterior edge and said exterior perimeter edge by said second support member end; and wherein the distance Y between said second chamber exterior edge and said exterior perimeter edge by said first support member is less than the distance X between said second chamber exterior end edge and said exterior perimeter edge near second support member.
8. A cross-counter flow fluid heat exchanger of claim 7 wherein said first chamber lateral exterior surface and second chamber lateral exterior surface are substantially triangular in shape.
9. A cross-counter flow fluid heat exchanger of claim 1 wherein said fluid source is an internal combustion engine.
10. In a cross-counterflow fluid heat exchanger with a pair of opposed faces for an internal combustion engine having:
- a heat exchanger core with a plurality of liquid flow tubes, wherein said tubes have a lengthwise partition defining a first fluid passageway along one face and a second fluid passageway along the opposed face; and in which said heat exchanger is supplied with fluid from a source located spaced from one of said opposed faces, the improvement comprising:
- an inlet/outlet tank on one end of said core having: a first chamber hydraulically communicating with said first fluid passageway; a second chamber hydraulically communicating with said second fluid passageway; a first chamber lateral exterior surface facing said engine; a second chamber lateral exterior surface facing said engine, wherein one of said chamber lateral exterior surfaces extends beyond the other; a first inlet/outlet port through said first chamber lateral exterior surface and extending generally toward said engine; and a second inlet/outlet port through said second chamber lateral exterior surface and also extending generally toward said engine.
11. A cross-counterflow fluid heat exchanger of claim 10 wherein said first chamber lateral exterior surface and said a second chamber lateral exterior surface are on off-set substantially parallel planes.
12. A cross-counterflow fluid heat exchanger of claim 11 wherein at least one of said chambers is tapered.
13. A cross-counterflow fluid heat exchanger of claim 12 wherein said first chamber and said second chamber are contra-tapered.
Type: Application
Filed: Jan 4, 2007
Publication Date: Jul 10, 2008
Inventor: Steven James Papapanu (Lockport, NY)
Application Number: 11/649,609