Hydraulic jack systems to be installed to the outrigger to perimeter column joints to automatically adjust differential column shortening and provide additional structural damping
Disclosed is a novel connection structure of an outrigger and a perimeter column. The connection structure has a function of automatically absorbing differential column shortening which is occurred between the core wall and the perimeter column during or after the construction of a building, thereby preventing excessive stress due to the differential column shortening. In addition, the invented apparatus also functions as damper by providing additional damping to the structure to resist dynamic loading such as wind and earthquake efficiently.
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This application claims all benefits of Korean Patent Application No. 2007-27568 filed on Mar. 21, 2007 and Korean Parent Application No. 2007-122864 filed on Nov. 29, 2007 in the Korean Intellectual Property Office, the disclosures of which are incorporated herein by reference.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to a novel joint detail and corresponding apparatus connecting outrigger and a perimeter column. This invention will automatically absorb differential column shortening between core walls and perimeter columns without any extra stresses occurred in the building and resist dynamic lateral loads such as wind or earthquake through additional damping provided with this apparatus.
2. Background Description
In general, the core wall is installed in high rise buildings to support lateral loads such as wind and/or earthquake, and extra vertical loads. Particularly outrigger structure system that the center core walls are connected with perimeter columns by outrigger is often adopted for the main lateral load resisting structure of a high rise building.
With this structural system, perimeter columns share the lateral loads such as the wind and/or seismic load acting on the building, consequently preventing the structure from getting excessive bending moment and lateral displacement. In other words, the outriggers and the perimeter columns connected together can resist to the rotation of the core wall when a building subjects to dynamic horizontal loads, so that the story shear, lateral displacement and the bending moment of the core wall can be reduced significantly, as compared to the case where only the core structure resists to the horizontal load.
The core wall 10 is typically composed of concrete and the perimeter column 20 is composed of either iron frame, concrete or composite member made of the iron frame and concrete. Due to the difference in material characteristics and the amount of shared vertical load, different column shortenings through creep and shrinkage can occurs in the core wall 10 and the perimeter columns 20 during the construction of the building or after completion of the construction. Extra stress due to the differential column shortening is transferred from the perimeter columns 20 to the core wall 10 or from core wall 10 to the perimeter columns 20 through the outriggers 1.
In order to prevent the extra stress, which is caused by the differential column shortening between the core wall and the perimeter columns during and after construction, the adjustable connection links of the outriggers 1 shown in
As shown in
Above described adjustable connection link is widely used for the construction of high-rise buildings with outriggers. However, this method has several issues to be solved. These issues are listed as shown below.
-
- If controlling the gap fails, additional stresses in the structural members may develop.
- Keeping the joint gap in a specified range via shim plate replacements is highly difficult task to carry out.
- Extra man power and devices are required during the construction for continuous measuring and monitoring process and shim plate replacements.
- The response of the building with adjustable joints should be obviously different with that of the final staged building after construction with fixed joint condition.
The present invention has been made to overcome the difficulty of keeping such a small gaps at the outrigger connections. This apparatus also should successfully resist dynamic loads generated from winds and earthquakes with additional damping.
With this invented apparatus, the differential column shortening during construction will be automatically handled without any extra stresses to the structural members.
Furthermore, the building with this apparatus is expected to show better performance than the same building with fixed outrigger joint condition since the apparatus will dissipate energy by providing additional damping to the structure.
The other object of the invention is to provide a novel connection joint of an outrigger and perimeter columns preventing occurrence of extra stresses due to end rotation of the outrigger tips.
The objects of this invention mentioned above can be accomplished by a connection structure of a perimeter column of a building and an outrigger connected to a core wall according to this invention. It comprises an apparatus provided between the perimeter column and the end of the outrigger to be extended or contracted in accordance with displacement of an end of the outrigger. Wherein the apparatus absorbs the vertical displacement of the end of the outrigger caused by a differential column shortening between the perimeter column and the core wall, thereby preventing extra stress from occurring and the apparatus also functions as damper by providing additional damping to the structure to resist dynamic loading such as wind and earthquake efficiently.
In one embodiment of this invention, said apparatus may comprise hydraulic cylinders that are provided to upper and lower parts of the outrigger end, respectively. When one hydraulic cylinder is pressurized and then the increased pressure is gradually transferred to the other hydraulic cylinder. The hydraulic cylinder that receives the transferred pressure is to be extended.
In another aspect of this invention, said hydraulic cylinders are connected to each other by an orifice apparatus that enables fluid to flow from the one hydraulic cylinder to the other hydraulic cylinder.
In one embodiment of this invention, said apparatus comprise a hydraulic cylinder with an orifice integrated in the interior of the cylinder.
In another aspect of this invention, said hydraulic cylinder integrated in the interior of the cylinder is provided to only one of the upper or lower parts of the outrigger end.
In one embodiment of this invention, said end of the outrigger may be connected to the apparatus by hinges.
In another embodiment of this invention, said connection structure further comprise a lock nut that prevents an end of the apparatus from being excessively pressurized.
In one embodiment of this invention, said horizontal force transfer apparatus is provided at the gap between outer end face of the outrigger end and the perimeter column, thereby transferring horizontal force occurring between the perimeter column and the core wall.
In another embodiment of this invention, a roller or sliding plate may be used as the horizontal force transfer apparatus.
The above and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention will be more apparent from the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:
Hereinafter, a preferred embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the following description of the present invention, a detailed description of known functions and configurations incorporated herein will be omitted when it may make the subject matter of the present invention rather unclear.
As the displacement reception apparatus, a variety of apparatuses can be used as long as they are contracted or extended in accordance with the displacement of the end 2 of the outrigger 1.
In the mean time, as shown in
In the invention, as shown in
In addition,
In the mean time, in order to connect the displacement reception apparatus and the brackets 21, a variety of methods may be used, such as screw engagement, concrete casting to the connection. In addition, as shown in
In the followings, an operating process of the hydraulic cylinder 30 at the connection of the outrigger 1 will be described with reference to
When the perimeter column 20 is much reduced than the core wall, i.e., when the end 2 of the outrigger 1 pressurizes the upper hydraulic cylinder 30 while causing the upward displacement, as shown in
In the mean time, referring to the embodiment shown in
Like this, even when there occurs the upper/lower displacement at the end 2 of the outrigger 1 due to the differential column shortening between the core wall and the perimeter column 20, which occurs during the construction of the building, the displacement of the end 2 of the outrigger 1 is automatically accommodated by the automatic extension and contraction of the upper and lower hydraulic cylinders 30, so that the differential column shortening between the core wall and the perimeter column 20 is corrected. Therefore, the extra stress due to the differential column shortening is prevented from being transferred to the perimeter column 20 through the outrigger 1.
In particular, the extension and contraction operation of the hydraulic cylinders 30 is automatically performed correspondingly to the differential column shortening between the core wall and the perimeter column 20, so that it is not necessary to measure the differential column shortening between the core wall and the perimeter column 20 one by one. Meanwhile, when the lateral load due to the dynamic load such as seismic or wind load acts, an overturning moment is caused in the core wall, which is transferred to axial force of the perimeter column 20 by the outrigger 1. In this invention, regarding the instantaneous dynamic load, the rapid extension and contraction of the hydraulic cylinders 30 are limited by the orifice apparatuses 31, 31a. As a result, the overturning moment of the core wall, which is transferred by the outrigger 1, is transferred to the axial force of the perimeter column 20 through the outrigger 1 and the hydraulic cylinders 30, so that it effectively resists to the lateral load of the overall structure.
In the mean time, in the invention, the upper and lower hydraulic cylinders 30 are applied to pressure and extended/contracted by the mechanical structure using the orifice apparatuses 31, 31a. However, the upper and lower hydraulic cylinders 30 may be applied to pressure and extended/contracted by an electronic manner. In other words, the invention is not limited to the above embodiments. Meanwhile, the invention is not limited to the case where the hydraulic cylinder 30 is operated by the hydraulic pressure. For example, the air pressure may be used. In addition, although the hydraulic cylinder 30 has been described as an example of the displacement reception apparatus, a variety of known dampers such as fluid damper and gas damper may be used.
In addition, in the above embodiments, it has been described that the end 2 of the outrigger 1 is positioned between the upper and lower brackets 21 integrally attached to the perimeter column 20. However, the invention is not limited thereto. For example, it may be possible that the perimeter column 20 itself is divided into upper and lower parts and the outrigger end 2 is located between the divided perimeter columns 20.
According to the invention, the displacement reception apparatus, which is contracted or extended in accordance with the displacement of the outrigger end, is provided to the connection of the outrigger and the perimeter column, so that it automatically absorbs the differential column shortening between the core wall and the perimeter column, thereby preventing the extra stress due to the differential column shortening from occurring, and decreasing the bending moment and the lateral displacement caused in the building due to the lateral load such as wind load or seismic load.
Therefore, contrary to the prior art, it is not necessary to measure the differential column shortening in the outrigger connection one by one. In addition, it is not necessary for an operator to operate a jack apparatus to change a shim-plate (to additionally insert the shim-plate or to remove it). As a result, the procedures are simplified and the construction efficiency is increased, so that the cost of construction can be reduced.
In particular, according to the invention, the absorption and correction of the differential column shortening are continuously performed during or even after the construction. Accordingly, it is possible to effectively cope with the periodic differential column shortening after the completion of construction.
In addition, according to the invention, since the displacement reception apparatus provided to the outrigger end serves as a damper member, it is possible to reduce and control the vibration that is caused during and after the construction.
Furthermore, according to the invention, even when the lateral load is applied during the construction of a building, the lateral load is dispersed by the outrigger. In other words, the perimeter column as well as the core wall shares the lateral load, so that it is possible to prevent the excessive lateral load from being applied to the core wall.
Particularly, according to the invention, the outrigger and the displacement reception apparatus are connected by the hinge, so that it is possible to prevent the extra stress due to the rotation force occurring in the outrigger from being transferred to the perimeter column.
While the invention has been shown and described with reference to certain preferred embodiments thereof, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made thereto without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims
1. A connection structure of a perimeter column of a building and an outrigger connected to a core wall, comprising:
- an apparatus provided between the perimeter column and the end of the outrigger to be extended or contracted in accordance with displacement of an end of the outrigger;
- wherein the apparatus absorbs the vertical displacement of the end of the outrigger caused by a differential column shortening between the perimeter column and the core wall, thereby preventing extra stress from occurring and the apparatus also functions as damper by providing additional damping to the structure to resist dynamic loading such as wind and earthquake efficiently.
2. The connection structure according to claim 1, wherein the apparatus comprises hydraulic cylinders that are provided to upper and lower parts of the outrigger end, respectively; and
- wherein when one hydraulic cylinder is pressurized and then the increased pressure is gradually transferred to the other hydraulic cylinder. The hydraulic cylinder that receives the transferred pressure is to be extended.
3. The connection structure according to claim 2, wherein the hydraulic cylinders are connected to each other by an orifice apparatus that enables fluid to flow from the one hydraulic cylinder to the other hydraulic cylinder.
4. The connection structure according to claim 2, wherein the apparatus comprises a hydraulic cylinder with an orifice integrated in the interior of the cylinder.
5. The connection structure according to claim 4, wherein the hydraulic cylinder integrated in the interior of the cylinder is provided to only one of the upper or lower parts of the outrigger end.
6. The connection structure according to claim 1, wherein the end of the outrigger is connected to the apparatus by hinges.
7. The connection structure according to claim 1, further comprising a lock nut that prevents an end of the apparatus from being excessively pressurized.
8. The connection structure according to claim 1, wherein a horizontal force transfer apparatus is provided at a gap between outer end face of the outrigger end and the perimeter column, thereby transferring horizontal force occurring between the perimeter column and the core wall.
9. The connection structure according to claim 8, wherein a roller or sliding plate is used as the horizontal force transfer apparatus.
Type: Application
Filed: Mar 12, 2008
Publication Date: Sep 25, 2008
Applicant: Daewoo Engineering & Construction Co., Ltd. (Seoul)
Inventors: Dae-ki Joung (Suwon-si), Ki-dong Park (Suwon-si), Ji-young Kim (Suwon-si), Dei-young Kim (Suwon-si), In-ho Ha (Paju-si)
Application Number: 12/075,483
International Classification: E04H 9/02 (20060101); E04B 1/98 (20060101);