SIMPLIFIED FOUNDATION AND GROUNDWORK METHOD USING SAME
A simplified foundation is made up of metal. The simplified foundation includes a first drive pile to be driven into the soil in an angularly inclined manner, and a support for attaching a target construction product on its upper portion. The support is hollow, and bowl-shaped from a part on which to attach the target construction product downwardly toward any portion in which to insert the drive pile. Furthermore, the support includes a guide member for guiding the first drive pile.
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to construction foundations, more particularly simplified foundations using piles, and a groundwork method using the same.
2. Description of the Background Art
For example, parks are constructed in green belts, wetlands, marshes, river terraces, and woodlots, by building construction products, such as bridges, sidewalks, steps, fences, benches, tables, and play equipment. In order to support such construction products, foundations are important. In the case of groundwork techniques for typical houses, the foundation is formed by excavating the ground, depositing leveling concrete, and injecting freshly-mixed concrete within a framework constructed on the leveling concrete. However, it is difficult for trucks carrying freshly-mixed concrete to enter the above-listed sites, such as green belts. In addition, such entrance is not preferable even if it is possible, considering that it might destroy the natural environment. Furthermore, when a construction product becomes unnecessary, it is extremely difficult to remove its concrete foundation. As a result, the concrete foundation remains in the natural environment without being removed, leading to environmental destruction.
Therefore, there have been proposed various simplified foundations. U.S. Pat. No. 5,039,256 (hereinafter, referred to as “Patent Document 1”) proposes a simplified foundation formed by injecting concrete into a cylindrical-, rectangular-, or triangular-columnar form having four guide sleeves inserted therethrough (see, for example, FIG. 4 of Patent Document 1). Piles are driven into the ground through the guide sleeves, so that the form and the piles constitute a foundation for a construction product to be fixed thereon.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,395,184 (hereinafter, referred to as “Patent Document 2”) proposes a technique for constructing a foundation by driving piles into the ground after inserting the piles into holes provided in brackets each having a U-shaped cross section and being attached to a post (see, for example, FIG. 1 of Patent Document 2). Patent Document 2 also proposes brackets each having an H-shaped cross section (see, for example, FIG. 3 of Patent Document 2). Moreover, Patent Document 2 also proposes a simplified foundation including piles driven into a rectangular-columnar construction product (see, for example, FIGS. 8 and 9 of Patent Document 2).
U.S. Pat. No. 6,910,832 (hereinafter, referred to as “Patent Document 3”) proposes a simplified foundation constructed by inserting piles into a hardened concrete base, and driving the piles into the ground. In Patent Document 3, the base has holes for inserting the piles therethrough, and the holes are provided by inserting tapered dowels through upper and lower forms made up of plastic, and injecting concrete into the forms (see, for example, FIG. 2 of Patent Document 3). After concrete is cured, the upper and lower forms and the dowels are removed, and the piles, which are slightly thinner than the holes provided by the dowels, are inserted through the holes and driven into the ground (see, for example, FIG. 3 of Patent Document 3).
U.S. Pat. No. 7,076,925 (hereinafter, referred to as “Patent Document 4”) proposes a technique for providing a concrete wall foundation. In Patent Document 4, sleeves are provided through two opposing footings between which a concrete wall is formed (see, for example, FIGS. 1 and 3 of Patent Document 4). Piles are inserted through the sleeves, and driven into the ground (see, for example, FIG. 3 of Patent Document 4).
Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. 2002-30679 (hereinafter, referred to as “Patent Document 5”) discloses a simplified foundation for a green house. The simplified foundation of Patent Document 5 includes a head portion formed of concrete blocks, and two or more piles inserted through the head portion. The piles are driven into the ground so that the simplified foundation acts as a base of the green house.
Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. 2005-299214 (hereinafter, referred to as “Patent Document 6”) proposes a simplified foundation in which sleeves are attached to a body having upper and lower flanges, and piles are inserted through the sleeves (see, FIG. 1 of Patent Document 6). Moreover, Patent Document 6 also discloses a simplified foundation having its bearing strength enhanced by coupling members for coupling the upper and lower flanges (see, for example, FIGS. 3, 4, and 5 of Patent Document 6). Furthermore, Patent Document 6 also discloses a securing method which uses the simplified foundation with enhanced bearing strength in combination with anchor bolts (see, for example, FIG. 6 of Patent Document 6).
In the case of the simplified foundation according to Patent Document 1, concrete is required to be injected into the form, and cured before the simplified foundation is transported to a construction site. As a result, a hardened heavy concrete load has to be transported to the construction site. As such, the simplified foundation itself is heavy, which causes inconvenience in construction, and results in difficult transportation to the construction site.
The simplified foundation according to Patent Document 2 does not use any concrete. However, the brackets themselves are secured to side surfaces of the posts, for example, via bolts. Simply securing the brackets to the side surfaces via the bolts causes anxiety concerning the strength against vertical load of the construction product. Also, in many cases, bridges and sidewalks are made of wood, and therefore simply securing the brackets to the side surfaces via bolts results in compromise of the foundation function upon degradation of the wood. FIG. 8 of Patent Document 2 shows a horizontally-placed rectangular foundation, which is inconveniently difficult to transport. In addition, FIG. 9 of Patent Document 2 shows a vertically-placed rectangular-columnar foundation, which is also inconveniently difficult to transfer. However, FIG. 9 of Patent Document 2 dose not describe any specific method for securing the construction product.
The simplified foundation according to Patent Document 3 also has a problem similar to the problem with the simplified foundation according to Patent Document 1.
The simplified foundation according to Patent Document 4 is applicable only to concrete walls, and is not always applicable to all construction products, including bridges and sidewalks.
The simplified foundation according to Patent Document 5 has the head portion made up of concrete, and therefore it also has a problem similar to the problem with the simplified foundation according to Patent Document 1.
The simplified foundation according to Patent Document 6 does not use any concrete, but it requires the coupling members for coupling the upper and lower flanges, resulting in a complicated structure. Patent Document 6 describes that the coupling members can be secured to the upper and lower flanges not only via bolts but also via welding, which results in a complicated structure as well, and also creates a problem with production cost.
In the case of the simplified foundation according to Patent Document 7, the construction product imposes load on a cover 904. The load on the cover 904 is also applied to the upper securing plate 900. The load on the upper securing plate 900 is distributed in the horizontal direction, as well as in the directions of the sleeves 902. Since the upper securing plate 900 is a flat plate, the load distributed in the horizontal direction is smaller than the load distributed in the directions of the sleeves 902. Accordingly, most of the load on the upper securing plate 900 is applied to the sleeves 902. As a result, excessive load might be applied to junctions 905 between the upper securing plate 900 and the sleeves 902, as well as to junctions 906 between the lower securing plate 901 and the sleeves 902. Therefore, the junctions 905 and 906 could be broken after years of use.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTIONTherefore, an objective of the present invention is to provide a simplified foundation that can be readily constructed using as little concrete as possible. Also, another objective of the present invention is to provide a low-cost simplified foundation capable of withstanding long-term use.
The present invention has the following features to attain the object mentioned above. The present invention is directed to a simplified foundation made up of metal for supporting a target construction product, including: at least one drive pile to be driven into the soil in an angularly inclined manner; and a support for receiving the drive pile to be inserted therethrough and attaching the target construction product on its upper portion, wherein the support is hollow and bowl-shaped from a part on which to attach the target construction product downwardly toward any part in which to insert the drive pile.
In the present invention, the support is bowl-shaped from a part on which to attach the target construction product downwardly toward any part in which to insert the drive pile, and therefore it is possible to disperse the load of the target construction product, and enhance the strength of the support. Accordingly, it is possible to provide a simplified foundation without using any concrete. The drive pile is driven into the soil through the support, and therefore the simplified foundation of the present invention can function as a piled foundation utilizing a friction force of the drive pile. In addition, since the support itself has its own load bearing capacity, the simplified foundation of the present invention can also directly function as an auxiliary foundation. So long as the drive pile reaches the supporting soil, the resistance of the supporting soil can also contribute to achievement of the piled foundation. For example, when constructing target construction products, such as bridges, sidewalks, steps, fences, benches, tables, and play equipment, in green belt, wetland, marshes, river terraces, or woodlot, it is often the case that the ground is soft. However, by using the simplified foundation of the present invention, it is possible to support target construction products on such soft ground. Construction on the soft ground is often difficult to perform, and therefore it is necessary to simplify the construction. The simplified foundation of the present invention does not use any concrete, and therefore it is lightweight. Accordingly, transportation to construction sites is readily carried out, and there is no need for any concrete mixer trucks to enter the construction sites. Therefore, the construction is readily achieved. In addition, the simplified foundation of the present invention is made up of metal, and therefore when any target construction product becomes unnecessary, it can be collected and recycled, which advantageously prevents environmental destruction. Furthermore, the simplified foundation of the present invention is entirely made up of metal, and does not use any concrete, and therefore it can be provided at low cost.
Preferably, the support may include at least one cylindrical guide member for guiding the drive pile, and the guide member may be disposed in an angularly inclined manner in accordance with an inclination angle of the drive pile, and joined at least to the bowl-shaped portion.
By providing such a cylindrical guide member, it becomes possible to drive the drive pile into the soil at an appropriate inclination angle, which facilitates ease of construction. Furthermore, in the present invention, the guide member and the support are joined at the bowl-shaped portion. In the bowl-shaped portion, the load of the target construction product is mostly distributed in the tangential direction of the bowl. As a result, the load distributed in the movement direction of the guide member becomes smaller than the load distributed in the tangential direction. Therefore, it is possible to minimize the load directly imposed on the guide member to the greatest possible extent. Thus, it is possible to prevent the junction between the guide member and the support from being broken, thereby making it possible to enhance the strength of the support, resulting in a simplified foundation capable of withstanding long-term use.
Preferably, the support may be provided in the shape of a hollow, roughly-spherical or roughly-oval-spherical body.
By shaping the support to have such a hollow, roughly-spherical or roughly-oval-spherical body, the support can be bowl-shaped from a part on which to attach the target construction product downwardly toward any part in which to insert the drive pile. The hollow, roughly-spherical or roughly-oval-spherical support can be readily produced, thereby making it possible to provide a low-cost simplified foundation. In addition, the roughly-spherical or roughly-oval-spherical support itself is strong, and therefore it is possible to provide a simplified foundation capable of withstanding long-term use.
Preferably, the support may include: a holed portion provided in the upper portion, thereby making it possible to view the inside of the support; an anchor bolt to be inserted from the bottom toward the holed portion; and a lid allowing the anchor bolt to pass therethrough, thereby closing the holed portion.
When inserting the pile to be driven, the drive pile can be driven into an appropriate position by looking into the holed portion. In addition, when inserting the anchor bolt, it is possible to confirm the position of the anchor bolt by looking into the holed portion. Thus, the construction can be readily performed.
Preferably, at least a part of the outer rim of the lid may be narrower than at least a part of the inner rim of the holed portion.
As a result, a gap is created between the holed portion and the lid, and therefore it is possible to move the lid. Thus, when attaching the target construction product, it is possible to fine-tune the position of the anchor bolt, which facilitates ease of construction.
Preferably, the support may further include an attachment bracket attached to the anchor bolt for securing the target construction product, and the attachment bracket may have a gap for allowing a nut to be tightened on the anchor bolt.
As a result, the anchor bolt and the target construction product can be attached to the attachment bracket.
Preferably, the support may further include at least one cylindrical guide member for guiding the drive pile, and the guide member may be disposed in an angularly inclined manner in accordance with the inclination angle of the drive pile, and is joined to either one or both hemispheres of the roughly-spherical or roughly-oval-spherical body.
In this manner, by providing the cylindrical guide member, it becomes possible to drive the drive pile into the soil at an appropriate inclination angle, which facilitates ease of construction. Furthermore, in the present invention, the guide member and the support are joined to either one or both hemispheres of the roughly-spherical or roughly-oval-spherical body. That is, the junction is positioned in the bowl-shaped portion of the support. In the bowl-shaped portion, the load of the target construction product is mostly distributed in the tangential direction of the bowl. As a result, the load distributed in the movement direction of the guide member becomes smaller than the load distributed in the tangential direction. Therefore, it is possible to minimize the load directly imposed on the guide member to the greatest possible extent. Thus, it is possible to prevent the junction between the guide member and the support from being broken, thereby making it possible to enhance the strength of the support, resulting in a simplified foundation capable of withstanding long-term use.
Preferably, the guide member may be disposed at the same angle as another guide member adjacent thereto.
As a result, the load of the target construction product can be uniformly dispersed to a plurality of drive piles. Thus, it is possible to provide a simplified foundation capable of stably supporting the target construction product.
Preferably, the inclination angle of the guide member may be 40 to 60 degrees with respect to a horizontal plane.
As a result, vertical and horizontal load bearing capacities can be appropriately provided, thereby making it possible to prevent settlement and translation of the target construction product.
Preferably, the drive pile may include at least a set of a cylindrical first drive pile and a second drive pile having an inner diameter smaller than that of the first drive pile, and the second drive pile may be driven into the soil after the first drive pile is driven, through the inside of the cylindrical first drive pile.
As a result, the second drive pile can be driven after driving the first drive pile, so that the load bearing capacity can be enhanced compared to the case where only the first drive pile is driven.
Preferably, the second drive pile may be cylindrical, and the simplified foundation may further include a soil-side tip member to be attached to each soil-side tip of the first and second piles when driving the first and second drive piles, the soil-side tip member including a first protrusion smaller than the inner diameter of the first drive pile, and a second protrusion smaller than the inner diameter of the second drive pile.
In this manner, by using the soil-side tip member, it becomes possible to prevent the soil from entering the first drive pile when the first drive pile is driven. Accordingly, when driving the second drive pile, it is possible to insert the second drive pile into the first drive pile, and further drive the second drive pile through the first drive pile. Thus, it is possible to lower the point at which to hit the second drive pile, thereby facilitating ease of work.
Preferably, the support may include at least one cylindrical guide member for guiding the first and second drive piles, the second drive pile may be cylindrical, and the simplified foundation may further include a hammering-side tip member with a tip having a diameter larger than the inner diameter of the guide member.
As a result, when driving the first and second drive piles, it is possible to protect their hammering-side tips. In addition, the first and second drive piles can be readily hammered.
Preferably, the simplified foundation may further include a cap member attached to the hammering-side tip of the first drive pile.
As a result, it is possible to prevent any foreign material from entering the drive pile.
In one embodiment, the support may include upper and lower supporting portions separable from each other, the upper and lower supporting portions being joined when being installed in the soil.
As a result, the simplified foundation can be readily constructed. In addition, when a relatively larger-sized simplified foundation is needed, such a support separable into upper and lower portions is used to further facilitate easy construction of the simplified foundation.
The present invention is also directed to a simplified foundation made up of metal for supporting a target construction product, including: at least one drive pile to be driven into the soil in an angularly inclined manner; a support for receiving the drive pile to be inserted therethrough and attaching the target construction product on its upper portion, the support being provided in the shape of a roughly-spherical or roughly-oval-spherical body; and at least one cylindrical guide member disposed in an angularly inclined manner in accordance with an inclination angle of the drive pile for guiding the drive pile joined to either one or both hemispheres of the roughly-spherical or roughly-oval-spherical support, wherein the support has styrene foam embedded in at least a portion thereof.
In such a simplified foundation, the buoyancy of the styrene foam prevents settlement of the simplified foundation.
The present invention is also directed to a simplified foundation made up of metal for supporting a target construction product, including: at least one drive pile to be driven into the soil in an angularly inclined manner; a support for receiving the drive pile to be inserted therethrough and attaching the target construction product on its upper portion, the support being provided in the shape of a roughly-spherical or roughly-oval-spherical body; and at least one cylindrical guide member disposed in an angularly inclined manner in accordance with an inclination angle of the drive pile for guiding the drive pile joined to an upper or lower hemisphere of the roughly-spherical or roughly-oval-spherical support, wherein the support has concrete injected into at least a portion thereof.
In such a simplified foundation, the support has an enhanced load bearing capacity.
The present invention is also directed to a simplified foundation made up of metal for supporting a target construction product, including: at least one drive pile to be driven into the soil in an angularly inclined manner; and a support for receiving the drive pile to be inserted therethrough and attaching the target construction product on its upper portion, the support being provided in the shape of a roughly-spherical or roughly-oval-spherical body that can be separated into upper and lower portions, wherein the support has concrete injected into at least the lower portion of the separable roughly-spherical or roughly-oval-spherical body.
In such a simplified foundation having concrete injected into its lower hemisphere, the burden of transportation can be alleviated compared to the case where concrete is injected into the entire support.
The present invention is also directed to a groundwork method for constructing a foundation for a target construction product, including the steps of: installing a hollow support being bowl-shaped from a part on which to attach the target construction product downwardly toward any part in which to insert the drive pile; and driving the drive pile into the soil after inserting the drive pile into a holed portion provided in the support.
Preferably, the step of driving the drive pile into the soil may include inserting the drive pile through a cylindrical guide member joined at least to the bowl-shaped portion of the support so as to be inclined in accordance with an inclination angle of the drive pile, thereby driving the drive pile into the soil.
Preferably, the drive pile may include at least a set of a cylindrical first drive pile and a second drive pile having an inner diameter smaller than that of the first drive pile, and the second drive pile may be driven into the soil after the first drive pile is driven, through the inside of the cylindrical first drive pile.
Preferably, the support may be provided in the shape of a roughly-spherical or roughly-oval-spherical body that can be separated into upper and lower portions, and the step of installing the support may include coupling the lower hemisphere of the roughly-spherical or roughly-oval-spherical body to the upper hemisphere of the roughly-spherical or roughly-oval-spherical body before installing the support.
The present invention uses a hollow, bowl-shaped support provided in the shape of, for example, a roughly-spherical or roughly-oval-spherical body, thereby making it possible to provide a simplified foundation that has a strong load bearing capacity and can be readily constructed without using any concrete. In addition, the guide member for guiding the drive pile is joined to the bowl-shaped portion, thereby preventing the junction between the guide member and the support from being broken, and further enhancing the strength of the support. As a result, the simplified foundation can withstand long-term use. Furthermore, by using the first and second drive piles, it is possible to enhance the load bearing capacity. When driving the first and second drive piles, the soil-side tip member is used to lower the point at which to hammer the second drive pile, thereby facilitating ease of work. In addition, by using the hammering-side tip member, the first and second drive piles can be readily hammered.
These and other objects, features, aspects and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent from the following detailed description of the present invention when taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
The holed portion 9 is provided at the top of the support 2, thereby making it possible to view the inside of the support 2. The holed portion 9 can be closed with the lid 4. The anchor bolt 8 can be inserted into a hole 10 at the bottom of the support 2. The lid 9 has provided therein a hole for allowing the anchor bolt 8 to pass therethrough (a hole 4a shown in
The guide member 3b is disposed, extending from the upper hemisphere of the spherical support 2 to the lower hemisphere at an inclination angle θ with respect to the horizontal plane, as shown in
When projecting the guide members 3a, 3b, 3c, and 3d in the direction toward the top or bottom surface, the guide members 3a, 3b, 3c, and 3d are disposed such that sets of adjacent guide members are uniformly angled, as can be appreciated from
The guide members 3a, 3b, 3c, and 3d are disposed so as to keep out of the path of the anchor bolt 8, so that the anchor bolt 8 inserted into the hole 10 can reach the holed portion 9, as shown in
The attachment bracket 5 includes a bottom plate 5c and a top plate 5b, as shown in
Before driving the first drive pile into the soil, the soil-side tip member 13 is initially attached to the tip of the first drive pile, and inserted into the guide member. With the first drive pile being driven into the soil, the soil-side tip member 13 is located at the tip of the first drive pile in the soil. Since the soil-side tip member 13 is located at the tip of the first drive pile, the soil does not enter the first drive pile. Accordingly, when driving the second drive pile into the soil, it is possible to smoothly insert the second drive pile through the tip of the first drive pile. Therefore, even when driving the second drive pile longer than the first drive pile, it is not necessary to set a high hammering point. When the second drive pile is inserted into the first drive pile, the protrusion 13c is placed in the second drive pile. Thereafter, the second drive pile is driven into the soil. In this manner, by using the soil-side tip member 13, it becomes possible to smoothly drive the second drive pile into the soil without setting a high hammering point.
Note that the protrusions 13b and 13c may be the same. Specifically, the soil-side tip member 13 may have a protrusion extending from the apex 13a and having an outer diameter smaller than the inner diameter of the second drive pile. However, when considering displacement of the soil-side tip member 13, it is preferable that the outer diameter of the protrusion 13b be almost the same as the inner diameter of the first drive pile, and the outer diameter of the protrusion 13c be almost the same as the inner diameter of the second drive pile.
Initially, the hammering-side tip member 14 is attached to the hammering-side tip of the first drive pile, and the first drive pile is inserted into the guide member. By hammering the hammering-side tip member 14 at its tip 14a, the first drive pile is driven into the soil. The outer diameter of the tip 14a is larger than the inner diameter of the guide member. Therefore, when driving the first drive pile, the hammering-side tip member 14 is not entirely loaded into the guide member. After driving the first drive pile, the hammering-side tip member 14 is removed from the guide member. Thereafter, the second drive pile is driven as in the case of the first drive pile. In this manner, since the tip 14a of the hammering-side tip member 14 has the outer diameter larger than the inner diameter of the guide member, it is possible to sequentially drive the first and second drive piles.
Note that the protrusions 14b and 14c may be the same. Specifically, the hammering-side tip member 14 may have a protrusion extending from the tip 14a and having the outer diameter smaller than the inner diameter of the second drive pile. However, when considering displacement of the hammering-side tip member 14, it is preferable that the outer diameter of the protrusion 14b be almost the same as the inner diameter of the first drive pile, and the outer diameter of the protrusion 14c be almost the same as the inner diameter of the second drive pile.
As described above, the first embodiment uses the hollow support 2 into which the drive piles are inserted to construct the foundation. As a result, it is possible to provide a simplified foundation that can be readily constructed without using any concrete. Also, the first embodiment uses the guide members 3a, 3b, 3c, and 3d by which the drive piles are guided, further facilitating ease of construction.
Moreover, since the support 2 has a roughly-spherical body, the load on the support 2 is distributed in the tangential direction of the spherical surface, and in the central direction of the spherical body. In the case of the spherical structure, as in the case of the arched structure, most of the load is distributed in the tangential direction of the spherical surface, providing a force to compress the spherical body. Specifically, the force distributed in the central direction of the spherical body is significantly smaller than the force distributed in the tangential direction of the spherical surface. As such, since the force directed to the center of the support 2 is small, it is possible to prevent the support 2 itself from being broken after long-term use. Therefore, even without using any concrete, it is possible to provide a simplified foundation having a support with enhanced strength.
Furthermore, in the first embodiment, the guide members 3a, 3b, 3c, and 3d are joined to the roughly-spherical body either at its upper or lower hemisphere. The force distributed in the central direction of the spherical body, i.e., the force applied to the guide members 3a, 3b, 3c, and 3d, is smaller than the force acting in the tangential direction. Therefore, at the junctions between the guide members 3a, 3b, 3c, and 3d and the support 2, the forces applied parallel to the movement directions of the guide members 3a, 3b, 3c, and 3d are smaller than those vertically applied to the guide members 3a, 3b, 3c, and 3d. The forces vertically applied to the guide members 3a, 3b, 3c, and 3d are withstood by the entire spherical body, and therefore the breaking impact of the vertical forces on the junctions is small. On the other hand, the parallel forces are withstood only by the junctions, and therefore the breaking impact of the parallel forces on the junctions is large. However, since the parallel forces are small, the present embodiment can prevent breakage of the junctions to the greatest possible extent. As a result, it is possible to provide a simplified foundation capable of withstanding long-term use.
In addition, the simplified foundation according to the first embodiment is provided at low cost because basically it can be produced by processing a spherical body, pipes, and plates made up of a versatile metal material. Furthermore, such a foundation is recyclable.
Note that the shape of the support is not limited to the roughly-spherical body. For example, the support may have a roughly-oval-spherical body. So long as the support is hollow, it is possible to achieve a simplified foundation without using any concrete, and therefore the roughly-spherical body and the roughly-oval-spherical body are not restrictive. When considering the bearing strength of the support against the load thereon, the support may be bowl-shaped at least from a part on which to attach the target construction product (including the lid 4 and the holed portion 9 in the first embodiment) downwardly toward any part in which to insert the drive pile (including the guide members 3a, 3b, 3c, and 3d in the first embodiment). When the support has a bowl-shaped upper portion, it is expected that the load of the target construction product is dispersed over the entire bowl-shaped surface, preventing the support itself from being broken due to the load thereon. In this case, the bottom of the target construction product is not limited to any particular shape, and it may be bowl-shaped, flat-shaped, or rectangular-columnar-shaped.
In the case where the support has a bowl-shaped upper portion and the guide members are provided, the guide members may be angularly disposed in accordance with the inclination angle of the drive piles, and may be joined to the support at least at the bowl-shaped portion. By configuring the support to have a bowl-shaped upper portion, and joining the guide members to the bowl-shaped portion, it becomes possible to render the parallel force applied to the guide members smaller than the vertical force. Accordingly, breakage of the junctions can be prevented to the greatest possible extent. As a result, it is possible to provide a simplified foundation capable of withstanding long-term use.
Second EmbodimentAccordingly, for the purpose of driving the drive piles, only holes 31a, 31b, 32a, 32b, 33a, 33b, 34a, and 34b in which to insert the drive piles may be provided without providing the guide members 3a, 3b, 3c, and 3d, as shown in
In
As described in the second embodiment, in the present invention, so long as the support is hollow and bowl-shaped at least from a part on which to attach the target construction product (including the lid 4 and the holed portion 9 in
As described in the third embodiment, by configuring the support to be separated into the upper and lower portions, it becomes possible to transport the support in a separated state to the construction site. Accordingly, it is possible to effectively utilize the loading space for transportation compared to the case of transporting the inseparable roughly-spherical or roughly-oval-spherical support. In the third embodiment also, the lower supporting portion is not limited to any particular shape so long as the support has a bowl-shaped upper portion.
Note that in the third embodiment, the guide members may be joined at their corresponding holes after the upper and lower supporting portions are joined.
(Variants)
The following variants are possible for the first through third embodiments. For example, styrene foam may be embedded in at least a part of the support, thereby making it possible to prevent the simplified foundation from sinking in marshes.
Also, in the case of construction sites where concrete mixer trucks can enter, concrete may be injected into at least a part of the support depending on circumstances, thereby making it possible to further enhance the load bearing capacity. In such a case, concrete may be injected from the holed portion 9. Alternatively, concrete may be injected before carrying-in.
Also, in the case of using a support that can be separated into upper and lower portions as in the third embodiment, concrete may be injected into at least the lower roughly-hemispherical or roughly-oval-hemispherical portion of the support. In such a case, if any guide members are used, it is possible to inject concrete not only at the construction site but also before carrying-in. Since only the lower half of the support is injected with concrete, the burden of carrying-in can be alleviated to some extent.
In the above embodiments, at least one drive pile, preferably more than one drive pile, may be used. The number of guide members to be provided may accord with the number of drive piles. In addition, the drive pile dose not have to be cylindrical. The drive pile and the guide member are not limited to such a circular-columnar shape, and they may be provided in the shape of a prismatic column or other shapes.
Size ExamplesIn the first through third embodiments, the simplified foundation can be sized as below. First, in the case of using the roughly-spherical support 2 as shown in the first embodiment, for example, the support 2 can be sized to have an outer diameter of 8 inches (203.2 mm), 10 inches (254.0 mm), 12 inches (304.8 mm), or 14 inches (355.6 mm).
Described next are possible sizes of the roughly-oval-spherical support 51 as shown in the third embodiment.
In this manner, the simplified foundations of the present invention can be provided in various sizes, and therefore they can be advantageously used as foundations for construction products, such as bridges, sidewalks, steps, fences, benches, tables, and play equipment. For small-sized construction products, such as benches and fences, small-sized simplified foundations may be used. For medium-sized construction products, such as bridge beams, large-sized separable simplified foundations may be used.
Experimental ExamplesThe simplified foundation 1 shown in the first embodiment was actually produced, and subjected to load testing to measure its ultimate load bearing capacity. The simplified foundation 1 used in the testing included the spherical support 2 having a diameter of 267 mm. Three length classes (1 m, 2 m, and 3 m) of drive piles were used, each class consisting of four, or four pairs of, drive piles. The 1-m drive piles (four first drive piles 10a) were 42.7 mm in diameter. The 2-m drive piles (four first drive piles 10a) were 42.7 mm in diameter. The 3-m drive piles included four 2-m first drive piles 10a measuring 42.7 mm in diameter each paired with a 3-m second drive pile 11a measuring 34.0 mm in diameter. Although the second drive pile 11a in each pair is three meters long, the portion of the second drive pile 11a projecting from the tip of the first drive pile 10a was one meter long, and therefore the entire length of the drive pile pair was three meters long. Note that the guide members 3a through 3d were 0.3 meter long. Accordingly, the portion of the drive pile that was driven and brought into the soil to effectively act as a part of the foundation had a length equivalent to the pile length minus 0.3 meter.
The testing was conducted in private at the sandy-soiled ground within a golf course in Hyogo, Japan, in accordance with the following procedures. First, a Swedish sounding test was conducted (in compliance with JIS A1221) to confirm whether the ground in which to install the simplified foundations 1 was soft. Next, a plate load test was conducted (in compliance with the Japanese Geotechnical Society standard JGS 1521-2003) after installing the simplified foundations 1 in the ground and driving the drive piles into the soil. The plate load test was performed on the simplified foundations 1 with the pile lengths of 1 m, 2 m, and 3 m, respectively.
The results of the Swedish sounding test are shown in Table 1. Table 1 shows N-values versus depth regarding the site No. 1, and the site No. 2 near the site No. 1. As for the site No. 1, the N-value reached 24.3 for a depth of 2.90 m. Also, as for the site No. 2, the N-value reached 11.4 for a depth of 2.50 m. Accordingly, strata having a depth of 2.50 m or more were not suitable for the test. In the tested simplified foundations 1, the inclination angle of the guide members 3a through 3d was set at 40 degrees, so that the tips of the drive piles reached a depth of up to about 2 m. The test strata excluding those having a depth of 2.90 m (the site No. 1) and 2.50 m (the site No. 2) had the average N-value of 3.0. Accordingly, the test strata were sandy-soiled and soft, which was therefore suitable for verifying the effect of the simplified foundations 1.
Next, the plate load test was conducted. A load device was composed of a load plate, a separable hydraulic jack, a standpipe, and a reaction device. After placing a steel disk measuring 300 mm in diameter and 25 mm in thickness on the simplified foundation 1 as the load plate, the hydraulic jack was placed on the load plate, and the standpipe was disposed between the hydraulic jack and the reaction device such that the reaction force of the hydraulic jack was received by the reaction device. The reaction device used was a backhoe. The load plate, the hydraulic jack, the standpipe, and the reaction device were assembled together in such a manner that no eccentric load was applied. A measurement device was composed of a load meter and a settlement measurement device. The settlement measurement device was attached to a fixed girder to measure the settlement of the simplified foundation. The test device thus installed conducted the load test with the maximum loaded weight of 10.5 t, and the load pitch of 1.3125 t, in accordance with a multi-cycle method consisting of eight stages. The results of the load test are shown in Table 2.
The ultimate load bearing capacity and the allowable long-term load bearing capacity calculated based on the results in Table 2 are shown in Table 3. The allowable long-term load bearing capacity was set to ⅓ of the ultimate load bearing capacity.
As shown in Table 3, one simplified foundation 1 achieved the allowable long-term load bearing capacity in the range from 1.31 t to 2.62 t. The construction products previously produced by the present applicant generally had the load weight in the range from 0.5 t to 3.5 t. The above testing demonstrated that such a previous construction product could be sufficiently supported by one or more simplified foundations according to the present example, even if the ground is soft.
The present invention provides simplified foundations that can be readily produced using as little concrete as possible, which is advantageous in the fields of architecture and civil engineering.
While the invention has been described in detail, the foregoing description is in all aspects illustrative and not restrictive. It is understood that numerous other modifications and variations can be devised without departing from the scope of the invention.
Claims
1. A simplified foundation made up of metal for supporting a target construction product, comprising:
- at least one drive pile to be driven into the soil in an angularly inclined manner; and
- a support for receiving the drive pile to be inserted therethrough and attaching the target construction product on its upper portion,
- wherein the support is hollow and bowl-shaped from a part on which to attach the target construction product downwardly toward any part in which to insert the drive pile.
2. The simplified foundation according to claim 1, wherein the support is provided in the shape of a hollow, roughly-spherical or roughly-oval-spherical body.
3. The simplified foundation according to claim 2, wherein the support includes:
- a hole provided in the upper portion, thereby making it possible to view the inside of the support;
- an anchor bolt to be inserted from the bottom toward the hole; and
- a lid allowing the anchor bolt to pass therethrough, thereby closing the hole.
4. The simplified foundation according to claim 3, wherein at least a part of the outer rim of the lid is narrower than at least a part of the inner rim of the hole.
5. The simplified foundation according to claim 3,
- wherein the support further includes an attachment bracket attached to the anchor bolt for securing the target construction product, and
- wherein the attachment bracket has a gap for allowing a nut to be tightened on the anchor bolt.
6. The simplified foundation according to claim 2,
- wherein the support further includes at least one cylindrical guide member for guiding the drive pile, and
- wherein the guide member is disposed in an angularly inclined manner in accordance with the inclination angle of the drive pile, and is joined to either one or both hemispheres of the roughly-spherical or roughly-oval-spherical body.
7. The simplified foundation according to claim 6, wherein the guide member is disposed at the same angle as another guide member adjacent thereto.
8. The simplified foundation according to claim 6, wherein the inclination angle of the guide member is 40 to 60 degrees with respect to a horizontal plane.
9. The simplified foundation according to claim 2, wherein the support includes upper and lower supporting portions separable from each other, the upper and lower supporting portions being joined when being set in the soil.
10. The simplified foundation according to claim 1,
- wherein the drive pile includes at least a set of a cylindrical first drive pile and a second drive pile having an inner diameter smaller than that of the first drive pile, and
- wherein the second drive pile is driven into the soil after the first drive pile is driven, through the inside of the cylindrical first drive pile.
11. The simplified foundation according to claim 10,
- wherein the second drive pile is cylindrical, and
- wherein the simplified foundation further comprises a soil-side tip member to be attached to each soil-side tip of the first and second piles when driving the first and second drive piles, the soil-side tip member including a first protrusion smaller than the inner diameter of the first drive pile, and a second protrusion smaller than the inner diameter of the second drive pile.
12. The simplified foundation according to claim 10,
- wherein the support includes at least one cylindrical guide member for guiding the first and second drive piles,
- wherein the second drive pile is cylindrical, and
- wherein the simplified foundation further includes a hammering-side tip member with a tip having a diameter larger than the inner diameter of the guide member.
13. The simplified foundation according to claim 10, further comprising a cap member attached to the hammering-side tip of the first drive pile.
14. The simplified foundation according to claim 1,
- wherein the support includes at least one cylindrical guide member for guiding the drive pile, and
- wherein the guide member is disposed in an angularly inclined manner in accordance with an inclination angle of the drive pile, and is joined at least to the bowl-shaped portion.
15. A simplified foundation made up of metal for supporting a target construction product, comprising:
- at least one drive pile to be driven into the soil in an angularly inclined manner;
- a support for receiving the drive pile to be inserted therethrough and attaching the target construction product on its upper portion, the support being provided in the shape of a roughly-spherical or roughly-oval-spherical body; and
- at least one cylindrical guide member disposed in an angularly inclined manner in accordance with an inclination angle of the drive pile for guiding the drive pile joined to either one or both hemispheres of the roughly-spherical or roughly-oval-spherical support,
- wherein the support has styrene foam embedded in at least a portion thereof.
16. A simplified foundation made up of metal for supporting a target construction product, comprising:
- at least one drive pile to be driven into the soil in an angularly inclined manner;
- a support for receiving the drive pile to be inserted therethrough and attaching the target construction product on its upper portion, the support being provided in the shape of a roughly-spherical or roughly-oval-spherical body; and
- at least one cylindrical guide member disposed in an angularly inclined manner in accordance with an inclination angle of the drive pile for guiding the drive pile joined to either one or both hemispheres of the roughly-spherical or roughly-oval-spherical support,
- wherein the support has concrete injected into at least a portion thereof.
17. A simplified foundation made up of metal for supporting a target construction product, comprising:
- at least one drive pile to be driven into the soil in an angularly inclined manner; and
- a support for receiving the drive pile to be inserted therethrough and attaching the target construction product on its upper portion, the support being provided in the shape of a roughly-spherical or roughly-oval-spherical body that can be separated into upper and lower portions,
- wherein the support has concrete injected into at least the lower portion of the separable roughly-spherical or roughly-oval-spherical body.
18. A groundwork method for constructing a foundation for a target construction product, comprising the steps of:
- installing a hollow support being bowl-shaped from a part on which to attach the target construction product downwardly toward any part in which to insert the drive pile; and
- driving the drive pile into the soil after inserting the drive pile into a hole provided in the support.
19. The groundwork method according to claim 18, wherein the step of driving the drive pile into the soil includes inserting the drive pile through a cylindrical guide member joined at least to the bowl-shaped portion of the support so as to be inclined in accordance with an inclination angle of the drive pile, thereby driving the drive pile into the soil.
20. The groundwork method according to claim 18,
- wherein the drive pile includes at least a set of a cylindrical first drive pile and a second drive pile having an inner diameter smaller than that of the first drive pile, and
- wherein the second drive pile is driven into the soil after the first drive pile is driven, through the inside of the cylindrical first drive pile.
21. The groundwork method according to claim 18,
- wherein the support is provided in the shape of a roughly-spherical or roughly-oval-spherical body that can be separated into upper and lower portions, and
- wherein the step of installing the support includes coupling the lower hemisphere of the roughly-spherical or roughly-oval-spherical body to the upper hemisphere of the roughly-spherical or roughly-oval-spherical body before installing the support.
Type: Application
Filed: Jun 13, 2008
Publication Date: Jan 1, 2009
Applicant: MIROMOCLE INDUSTRIAL CO., LTD (Osaka-shi)
Inventor: Hiroshi NISHIMORI (Ikeda-shi)
Application Number: 12/138,775
International Classification: E02D 5/22 (20060101);