Tubes for heat exchange
Apparatus for heat-transfer between the flowing heat agents inside and outside of a closed wall, which apparatus is a tube for heat exchange, which tube is shaped and arrenged in such a way that increases the heat-transfer up to the highest possible value to attain.
The invention pertains to the field of the heat exchange between two heat agents flowing inside and outside of a tube or a set of tubes. The heat exchange between one liquid and one gaseous heat agents is the especially near part of this field.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Known Facts and Motivating FactorsIf to compare the prior art of the development of the heat exchange tubes to the knowledge of the heat exchange and heat transfer, an affirmation that this development was not successful and even was not going in the correct direction won't be wrong. The following reasons make it just undisputed.
This development was providing two ways to increase the heat transfer from one heat agent to another through the wall of the heat exchange tube: to increase the washed surface area by ribbing of the wall and to increase the turbulization of the heat agent.
RIBBING IS NOT ABLE TO INCREASE ONLY THE WASHED SURFACE AREA AND NOT TO INCREASE THE WEIGHT OF THE RIBBED TUBE, AS WELL AS NOT TO DECREASE THE DENSITY OF THE HEAT STREAM BETWEEN THE SURFACE AND THE HEAT AGENT. The ribbing, even of the very best heat-exchange-perfection, is able to increase the heat transfer only as much as twice, having increased the weight of the tube also as much as twice, when the height of ribs is limited by the value which is only as three-fold as bigger than the thickness of the wall. To keep on increasing the height of ribs will be in vain cause the heat transfer, any way, will never be more than as threefold as bigger than it is available for the unribbed tube. To increase the turbulization of the heat agent is beyond limitations if any increase of the energy losses is tolerable. But, if to increase the turbulization of the heat agent only by increasing of its speed, the energy losses may get intolerant much faster than the convective heat exchange reaches its top. If to increase the turbulization of the heat agent by the means of ribs without increasing of the speed which may, in this case, stay as low as it could be when the convention is not artificially forced, the ribbing, if it is certainly the ribbing of the good heat-exchange-perfection, grows some more acceptable. And when the ribbing, supporting the mechanical resistance of the wall against deformations, allows to get the walls of the tubes very much thiner than it may be attainable for the unribbed tubes, the prior art of the heat-exchange tubes reaches its appogee just at the station of my made in the U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/415,192 from Oct. 7, 1999. But even such a great improvement doesn't change the affirmation was done above inasmuch as, if even doing its best and increasing the heat transfer as much as fourfold (thanks to ribs-turbulizators) and even as much as eightfold (thanks to decreased thickness of walls), the absolutely best known ribbing described in my patent application Ser. No. 09/415,192 from Oct. 7, 1999 is not able to compensate the very stubborn circumstance that the heat exchange between the wall and the gaseous heat agent is as twentyfold as lower than between the same wall and the liquid heat agent. This circumstance can be and, in some cases, is compensated by increasing of the temperature head between the wall and the gaseous heat agent. But such a step, being absolutely not universal, can not at all be considered as a solution of the problem. In such a case, ribbing, being not able to solve completely and finally the problem of the considerable difference in the convective heat exchange between gaseous or liquid heat agents and the wall, deserves only the negative evaluation while the heat transfer deserves to find another way of the development of the heat-exchange tubes—the way which denies any ribbing as the means of the truly big improvement of the heat transfer. Yes, such is the reality despite the very rooted habit to believe in the improvement of ribbing as the only way to improve the heat transfer through the wall of a tube.
THE WAY OF THE TRULY BIG IMPROVEMENT OF THE HEAT TRANSFER THROUGH THE WALL OF A TUBE REQUIRES TO BREAK SOME STEREOTYPES OF THINKING AND OF SUPPOSITIONS.
To understand, that to increase areas of both surfaces washed as by gaseous as by liquid heat agents, while desiring to increase only the first of them, is not at all a big trouble, and even, vice versa, a big gain for the heat transfer through the wall of a tube, is a good first step to break those stereotypes. To understand, that, instead of to solve, ribbing actually removes the problem from the surface gets washed by the gaseous heat agent into the wall of the tube, is a good second step to break those stereotypes. To understand, that the wall of a tube is quite able to turbulize as gaseous as liquid heat agent, staying without ribs or having some ribs only as mechanical supporters—turbulizers, even without their heat contact with the wall of a tube, is the good third step to break those stereotypes. To understand, that to give the equal possibilities to contact the surface of the wall of the tube for all layers and portions of the heat agents is not less important than to turbulize these agents, is the fourth good step to break those stereotypes. To understand, that the surface areas get washed by heat agents inside and outside of a tube do not have any limitations of increasing, is to be sure, at the fifth step, that the heat transfer through the wall of a tube, may be increased unlimitedly too. And, finally, if to understand, that not to have limitations of increasing does not at all mean to be necessarily unlimitedly increased, is just to believe that the heat transfer through the wall of a tube is able to be increased not as much as eightfold as it is attainable for the best of the best ribbed tubes proposed by the author, but as much as twentyfold, without any problem, and as much as fiftyfold or hundredfold if it is so necessary. The significance of such a possibility is truly beyond to be overrated as well as the global fulness of the scope of this invention is beyond to be refuted.
The known twisted tubes manufactured by “Delta Limited” (The U.S. Pat. No. 4,437,329 from Mar. 20, 1984, “Method of manufacturing twisted tubes”) and the known spirally corrugated tubes manufactured by “Turbotec Products” (The U.S. Pat. No. 3,015,355 from Jan. 2, 1962, “Method for forming spirally ribbed tubing”) are not at all something else but only the extra samples of those stereotypes of thinking which are to be broken. These tubes do not have their wall-surface areas gotten increased in comparison with the original smooth tube, do not have something to force the heat agent inside them to run seriously in their twists or corrugations, and do not have the heat agent inside them as stupid as it is necessary to be overcoming the hydraulic resistance instead of to run straight and to say, “so long” to any resistance. These tubes, maybe, are a little bit cheaper, but they are not some better than simply ribbed tubes and they, are not something else but only the specially ribbed tubes which do not deserve at all to be advertised as pompously as they are done by their, manufacturers. These and any other inventions and patents indeed can not compromise my heat-exchanger by the U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/415,192 from Oct. 7, 1999 as the best of the best, as the giving the most opportunities for many other necessary inventions to get born, so, as the real invention was stopped to be defended by real my patent-attorney's mistake has now to be fixed. I'd like to hope that the real professionalism, patience, kindness, and good sense of humour, those, I'm sure, will be shown by examiners of this application, will help me to fix that mistake, by the means of doing that application in my way, without new date of my priority.
This invention, which is a result of turning of our new understanding into the extraordinarily found solutions, accords with my strong will to go, extraordinarily, ahead such as to make dreams and hopes come true and mistakes stay in the past.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTIONThis invention is a device, an apparatus to carry out the heat transfer between heat agents inside and outside of a closed wall through the wall which apparatus is a tube (tubes) for heat exchange.
In order to increase the heat transfer extremely (as much as it's only necessary), the tube(s), was(were) made from a metal of high enough heat conduction, is(are) shaped and arrenged such as to get each smallest spot of the inside and outside surface areas of its wall uniformly contactable to each smallest layer and portion of both of heat agents, as well as to get both of heat agents turbulized completely, by the means of getting both surface areas of the wall bigger than these areas might be gotten in any known or imagined tube of the same axis-length and hydraulic radius, as well as of getting the wall as thin as it is only acceptable before a leakage if even some unwanted deformations caused by heat agents have to be prevented by some mechanical supports may be combined with these tubes.
Mechanical supports are not shown in any of drawings.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTIONThe following details will be necessary and sufficient as to get the invention completely understandable as to justify correctness and fullness of the author's claims.
To understand the general idea of the invention correctly and completely will be quite easy if to recall the cylindrical bellows with the open ends and to imagine that its hollow combs keep their outer size while its inner diameter grows smaller and smaller and stops doing so only when the diameter of the inner holes, which are bordered by the hollow combs, has grown as very small as it is necessary to make a very significant hydraulic resistance and make also the surface area of each of the hollow combs much much bigger than the surface area of each cylindrical clearance between these combs. Then, if to make, in our imagination, one of heat agents, for example the liquid heat agent, run inside from one end of the belows to another, we'll have to watch how the power of a flow-inducer turns the small holes and volumes of the hollow combs into injection-oscillation pairs and makes the heat agent as pulsate in these combs, as be turbulized therein, as contact every piece of their surfaces. Then, if to suppose, in our imagination, the tube of the same axis-length and hydraulic radius, but with the smoothly straightened wall, we'll have, to be sure that the inside and outside surface areas of the specially shaped tube is incomparably bigger than these areas might be gotten by the tube with the smoothly straightened wall. Although the bellows, mentally turn into the specially shaped tube, is not the best representative of the specially shaped tubes for the highest, heat transfer (the big enough probability of the good turbulization of the heat agent in the hollow combs has to be confirmed better), the bellows was, however, selected not only because it is really good for the explanation of the general idea of the invention, but also in order to prevent from the mistaken oppose of the bellows to the specially shaped tubes for heat exchange as the invention. After have been used in the above explanation the bellows may be opposed to the invention with the same success as a grandfather, after his prostate cutting (it's about me), may be opposed to a grandmother.
The following detailed descriptions of the drawings will, in their turn, prove that the bellows is a very good thing, but it is only the bellows while this invention is the very other thing.
The parallel-plane-flat-hollow-combs tube (
The screw-plane-hollow-comb tube (
The zigzag-bent-plane tube (
The radial-straight-plane-hollow-combs tube (
Each of the specially shaped modified parallel-plane-flat-hollow-combs tubes (
The variety of the specially shaped tubes are shown by FIGS. 1÷5 allows to declare the most important thing: it doesn't matter what is exactly the shape of the tube for the best heat exchange if this shape lets the inside and outside surface areas of the wall of the tube get uniformly turbulently washed and contactable to both of the heat agents and be unlimitedly bigger than these areas might be in any imagined tube of the same axis-length and hydraulic radius.
Of course, it would be likingly to be sure that every one understands that the turbulence and contact ability of the heat agent at the outside surface of the tube may concern to one tube only as a participant of a group of tubes and depends upon a design of such a group (a tubular heat-exchanger) too.
The thickness of the wall of any specially shaped tube of this invention does, certainly, a big influence on the heat-transfer through this wall. Any extra deformations, which strengthen the wall against deformations which may be caused by the heat agents, do allow to keep the wall as thin as possible and increase, at the same time, its inside and outside surface areas, are useful and, certainly, included in the general idea of the invention. But, if one or both of the heat agents are so mechanically aggressive that any extra deformations of the wall are not able to be effective enough, some special mechanical support which is transparent enough for the heat agent to flow (just like it's provided by my U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/415,192 from Oct. 7, 1999) may be put inside or outside at the surface of the tube such as to keep, the thickness of the wall, in spite of all, as thin as possible and, at the same time, to increase additionally the turbulization of the heat agent.
The specially shaped tubes by this invention, having redeemed from ribbing, have returned again the possibility to be indifferent to the kind of the heat agents (liquid & gaseous) at both of sides of their wall. This circumstance is very important for designing of heat-exchangers from these tubes.
It is necessary to make every one sure that each kind of the specially shaped tubes shown in FIGS. 1÷5 is: 1/as good to keep the flowing heat agent inside the tube on the top of the turbulence as the modified parallel-plane-flat-hollow-combs tubes are; 2/good to keep the whole inside surface in contact with the flowing heat agent; 3/easy and not too expensive to manufacture; 4/at its big field of gainful use.
As the top-like turbulence of the inside heat agent as fullness of its contact with the whole inside surface of the parallel-plane-flat-hollow-combs tube (
The screw-plane-hollow-comb tube (
The zigzag-bent-plane tube (
The radial-straight-plane-hollow-combs tube (
Before to go ahead, here, I have to help examiners make them sure that words “plane”, “flat” and “straight”, I've put into titles of tubes, in
Meanings of words “plane” and “flat” as attributes are very close to each other despite the first of them is closer to express that something is bordered between two parallel straight surfaces while the second of them is closer to express that this thing is in horizontal position. Together these two words in the titles of FIGS. 1,2 and 5 have to express that each of the hollow combs of the tube is a combination of two practically parallel straight surfaces, connected at the top of the hollow comb and kept in the horizontal position, with a small enough clearance between them. TO HAVE A SMALL ENOUGH CLEARANCE BETWEEN TWO PARALLEL STRAIGHT SURFACES OF THE HOLLOW COMB IS VERY IMPORTANT FOR LIMITING THE INTERNAL HEAT RESISTANCE OF THE HEAT AGENT IN THE TUBE IN ORDER TO INCREASE ITS HEAT-TRANSFERABILITY, ADDITIONALLY AND WITHOUT INCREASING OF THE HYDRAULIC RESISTANCE, IN THE WAY WHICH IS NOT ATTAINABLE IN ANY OTHER CASE. To keep surfaces of each of the hollow combs in the practically or almost (
Combination of words: “straight-plane” (
Here is the suitable place to take a break such as to call attention to the very extraordinary effect of this invention. THE HOLLOW COMBS of the parallel-plane-flat-hollow-combs tubes (
To manufacture the modified parallel-plane-flat-hollow-combs tube (
And, just before to declare claims, it is important to underline again and again that to show in. FIGS. 1÷5 and to comment some tubes of this invention does not at all mean any impossibility to shape tubes some different, following this invention, and to stay, anyway, keeping the density of the heat stream and the heat-transfer as equally highest for each single spot of the wall of the tube as it takes place for those configurations of tubes which were shown and commented. The scope of claims includes any kinds of shapes which are able to increase unlimitedly the surface areas of the wall of the tube, to keep constantly the thinest possible and ecceptable thickness of the wall and, finally, the highest possible density of the heat stream and the highest heat-transfer, being distinguished, despite all their deversity, with presence of unique commonstructurally-design singularity, which provides the predetermined impulsivity of the turbulent flow of the heat agent in the tube, the predetermined oscillations of the heat-exchange wall and, as a result, the complete destruction of the thin heat agent's layer just at the outside surface of the heat-exchange wall independently from the flow-speed of this heat agent. SUCH A STRUCTURALLY-DESIGN SINGULARITY IS A COMBINATION OF ZONES OF THE PREDETERMINED LOCAL HYDRAULIC RESISTANCES AND THE PREDETERMINED RELAXATIONS FOR THE HEAT AGENT, WHICH ZONES EITHER TAKE TURNS (AS IT'S SHOWN EVIDENTLY BY FIGS. 1,3 and 5), OR ACCOMPANY BACH OTHER (AS IT'S SHOWN EVIDENTLY BY
I am sure, examiners remember that inventors are creators (same are examiners who had The Great A. Einstein among themselves). And to be a creator is to be big with consequences of the PYGMALION'S syndrome. This invention, like HIS GALATEA, makes me say to the CHIEF CREATOR, “Hey, if even you were not my Lord, you is (!) the best possible, and we are good Friends! Are we not?”.
Claims
1. TUBES FOR HEAT EXCHANGE—an apparatus to carry out the heat-transfer between the heat agents inside and outside of tube's wall through this wall, which any one of tubes, having been gotten thin-walled, are deformingly shaped and arrenged to become able to get each smallest spot of the surface areas of the wall contactable to each smallest portion of heat agents, as well as able to get heat agents completely turbulized by the means of getting surface areas of the tube's wall bigger than it might be gotten in any smoothwalled tube of the same axis-length and hydraulic radius and by the means of the given in the tube presence of combination of two kinds of zones: zones of predetermined local hydraulic resistance and zones of predetermined relaxation for the heat agent, which kinds of zones either take turns, or accompany each other, or take turns and accompany each other at the same time.
2. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein tubes may be made from a metal of high heat-conduction.
3. The apparatus of claim 2 wherein the tube may be EXTREMELY thinwalled.
4. The apparatus of claim 3 wherein the wall may be shaped with EXTRA deformations which strengthen the wall against deformations may be caused by the heat agents and allow to keep the wall EXTREMELY thin, increasing additionally its surface areas.
5. The apparatus of claim 4 wherein some mechanical support(s) which is(are) transparent for the heat agent(s) to flow may be put at the inside & outside surface(s) of the tube to keep its wall EXTREMELY thin.
6. The apparatus of claim 5 wherein tubes may be the SCREW-PLANE-HOLLOW-COMB TUBES where the screw comb prevents the absolute most of the inside heat agent from some easy straight axial flow.
7. The apparatus of claim 5 wherein tubes may be the ZIGZAG-BENT-PLANE TUBES.
8. The apparatus of claim 5 wherein tubes may be the RADIAL-STRAIGHT-HOLLOW-COMBS TUBES where the central inside room, except entrance, hollow combs and exit, is prevented from the flow of the most of the inside heat agent while the room of the hollow combs is prevented from avoiding of this flow.
9. The apparatus of claim 5 wherein tubes may be the PARALLEL-PLANE-FLAT-HOLLOW-COMBS TUBES where the indide edges of combs border holes of such a small diameter which forces the flowing inside heat agent to wash the inside surface of the hollow combs completely and to be completely turbulized therein because of pulses of pressure of this heat agent, which pressure is high enough before these holes and much lower just after them.
10. The apparatus of claim 8 wherein the RADIAL-STRAIGHT-PLANE-HOLLOW-COMBS TUBES may be modified with an asymmetric form of each of combs, which form has the surface of one of its halves, from its top to its base, some bigger than the surface of another one, that makes the tube rotate under influence of the pressure of the inside heat agent in combs, from the entrance of the tube to its exit, which both are made able to rotate, and wherein this tube is equiped with a rotatively switchable spring turns rotations of the tube into its short and sharp auto-oscillations.
11. The apparatus of claim 9 wherein the PARALLEL-PLANE-FLAT-HOLLOW-COMBS TUBES may be modified, in each of combs, with a springy leant (hung) device which directs the quite bigger, but variable, part of the flowing inside heat agent into the comb and lets the rest of this agent go through the very small center hole of this device, which predetermined hole is, indeed, an ejector, making the found mass of this device, together with its hardness as a spring, and together with the variable pressure of the influencing upon it flowing heat agent, be a resonant system has auto-oscillations, which oscillations increase as the turbulization as the touchability of the heat agent up to the extreme value to attain.
12. The apparatus of claims 8, 9 and 11 wherein the wall of each of halves of each of combs, from their top at the bigger diameter of the tube to their base at the smaller diameter of the tube, is as found springy as swingable in both its real or symbolic connections, that makes combs, taking energy from the heat agent inside the tube, get auto-oscillated, with the frequency that may be predetermined, and, therefore, increases the convective heat-exchange between the wall and the outside gaseous heat agent up to the extremely high value.
Type: Application
Filed: Aug 6, 2007
Publication Date: Feb 12, 2009
Inventor: Harry Y. Zagalsky (Philadelphia, PA)
Application Number: 12/283,594