Sucker rod fishing tool
A fishing tool for fishing sucker rods from a subterranean well. The tool is a top piece, a barrel piece and bottom piece that all thread together. One or more extender sections are added by unthreading the top piece from the barrel piece and threading the extender sections therebetween to effectively lengthen the barrel piece and increase its functionality. The bottom piece retains a curved cast metal slip movable within grooves milled internally into the body. A lower end of a side opening provided in the barrel piece is level with an upper shoulder of the slip when the slip is at its lowest position. Optionally, the bottom piece can be replaced with a bell, lip guide, mill shoe, or other types of tools and the top piece can be replaced by a prior art fishing tool or other tools.
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a fishing tool for fishing sucker rods, tubing, pipe, pumps, plungers, plugs, tubing stops, packers, tools, anchors, obstructions, etc. from downhole in a subterranean well, such as but not limited to an oil producing, gas producing, injection or disposal well. More specifically, the fishing tool of the present invention is strong enough to retrieve up to 12,000 feet of rod at once, is designed to reduce stress on the tool so that it can be reused multiple times, is serviceable because it can be disassembled and repaired in the field, and is versatile since it can be combined with bells, adapters and other existing types of rod fishing equipment and accessories to successfully retrieve a wide range of items from subterranean wells. One or more extension pieces can be added to the body of the fishing tool to effectively lengthen the tool and thereby increase its functionality.
2. Description of the Related Art
Prior art fishing tools generally are of three types: tools that are overshot sockets, tools that bite and tools that are traps. An example of an overshot socket type tool can be found in U.S. Pat. No. 1,869,861 issued to O'Bannon. These socket type of tools are designed to telescope over the part left in the well and interlock therewith to permit withdrawal of the part from the well by the tool. One problem with the socket type tools is that they are designed to catch only on specific shaped items and therefore are limited in the types of items with which they can interlock. Also, the proper socket size must be used for the item to be fished. When the item shape and size is unknown, the operator must play a guessing game to find a socket that is the proper size to work. This often results in the several different sizes of sockets having to be run into the well before the proper socket size can be found. This is expensive in terms of time and manpower to try again and again to get the proper socket size for the specific situation. Furthermore the sockets have a tendency of slipping open when hardened, hard lined, brass, out of round or worn couplings are being fished. Lastly, the sockets generally last for only one or two uses and become worn easily.
The second type is a biter type tool. The biting type of tool is also known as a slip socket which should not be confused with the overshot socket type tool. An example of a biter type tool can be found in U.S. Pat. Nos. 1,620,382 and 1,620,383 issued to O'Bannon. These biter types of tools are designed to receive the part left in the well within biting members, such as collets, which can be moved inward to bite into the part to attach the part to the tool in order to permit withdrawal of the part from the well by the tool. One problem with the biter type tools is that they are attempting to bite into a hard surface and therefore can slip. Also, the teeth of the biter type tool are only designed to catch the round rod body section of a sucker rod, and not the other items such as the bead, wrench flat, pin shoulder, pin thread or coupling. Furthermore the teeth on the slips generally only last for one or two uses before becoming worn off. Therefore the slips need to be replaced often between uses.
The third type is a trap type tool. These trap type tools have a mechanism that traps the part inside the tool so that the part is captured therein and can be removed from the well with the tool. An example of a trap type tool is taught in U.S. Pat. No. 1,634,935 issued to Donnelly. In that patent, a hinged lift is provided within the tool so that after a shoulder of the part passes the lift, the lift springs back downward and traps the part within the tool. The lift of this invention is weak. Also, the tool is limited on the sizes of rods it can catch, limited on where it can catch the rod. The tool can become wedged and therefore limits the amount of pressure that this tool can exert when pulling an item from a well.
Another example of a trap type tool is taught in U.S. Pat. No. 1,720,692 issued to Reynolds et al. This invention employs a slip which is pushed upward within the tool as the item enters the tool and then slides back downward below a shoulder of the item as the item moves upward and away from the slip through an opening provided in the side of the tool. By sliding under the shoulder of the item, the slip traps the item within the tool as the tool is raised within the well, thereby allowing the item to be removed from the well by the tool.
The prior art mousetrap tools have several problems. First, because this type of tool is welded together, the barrel of this type of tool is weak and cannot withstand large lateral strains such as those imposed on it when the slip and the item being pulled are wedge between the walls of the barrel. Also, the top of this type of tool is also welded to the barrel portion and this creates another weak area where the tool will break. A further problem with this type of tool is that the side opening provided in the barrel of the tool is located above the shoulder of the slip, causing the item to create a sideways pull and torque moment on the tool as the item is pulled. This torque moment imposes stress on the tool that causes the barrel of the tool to split open and fail. Still a further problem with this tool is that it cannot be made in the sizes that are needed in the field. The geometry of the tool makes the walls too thin to hold the weight and tension of the rod string being pulled from the well. The rod string is also known as simply the rod, as working string, wire line tool string, or as tool string. A further problem with the tool is the way in which the slip is retained within the barrel of the tool. The slip is retained by shoulders that project into the barrel of the tool and retain the slip therein. There are two ways in which these shoulders are constructed, both of which are described in the Reynolds et al. patent. The first way is to mill slots into the interior surface of the barrel and then weld key stock into the slots to form the shoulders. The other way is to roll over the edges of two halves of the metal that will form the two halves of the barrel and then weld the two halves together to form the barrel with the rolled over edges forming the internal shoulders inside the barrel. The problem with these shoulders is that they can become bent and can prevent the slip from moving up and down within the barrel of the tool. When this happens, the tool is unable to attach to a rod and cannot fish rod out of the well. Because the shoulders of prior art tools are either welded within the tool or formed as an integral part of the barrel of the tool, once they become damaged, they cannot be economically repaired or replaced. This results in the tool no longer being functional and the tool must then be discarded.
Still a further problem with prior art fishing tools is that because their body is a fixed length and their bodies cannot be lengthened, they are unable to catch certain types of breaks, such as rod breaks where the broken length of rod exceeds the length of the body of the fishing tool, thus making it impossible for the fishing tool to be lowered sufficiently around the broken rod for the fishing tool to engage one of the protrusions on the well string which can be gripped by the slip of the fishing tool. Steel sucker rods are normally twenty five feet long and fiberglass rods can be up to thirty five feet long. There are no tools within the industry today that can catch fiberglass sucker rods or successfully catch polished rods that break in the body. Fiberglass sucker rods will simply tear if biter type tools are used and also sometimes fiberglass rods will flare out slightly at the end of the break, making it difficult for the rod body to fit into a biter type tool. Polished rods are the very top rod on a rod string. Therefore they are hardened to prevent wear which makes them very difficult to fish with biter type tools.
Because of all these weaknesses in this tool, it generally will only be a single use tool and it can only pull approximately 5,000 pounds of force without breaking.
The present invention is a trap tool that addresses the problems found in prior art fishing tools. The design of the present tool is much stronger, has less stress concentrations, and no bending moments or torque when pulling. The present invention has increased wall thickness, is made of single pieces of metal that are threaded together or otherwise removably connected together instead of being welded together, and is designed to create a straight upward pull on the tool instead of a sideways force when pulling an item out of a well. Therefore, it can retrieve up to approximately 12,000 feet of rods at a time without breaking or withstand approximately 40,000 pounds of tension. The present tool is durable, reusable, reliable, has a long service life.
The cross sectional geometry design of the present invention allows for critical sizes to be made and allows a variety of sizes to be offered. In fact, nine sizes of the invention will be made available to the purchasing public. This allows the invention to be constructed so that it can fish ¾ inch to ⅞ inch SH or slim hole couplings in 2⅜ inch tubing which is not possible with prior art tools. Slim hole couplings have the same outside diameter as the shoulder on the sucker rod whereas standard couplings have outside diameters that are larger than the shoulder of the sucker rod.
The present invention is a catch-all design that does not require the use of multiple sizes of sockets, such as required by overshot socket types of fishing tools. The present tool eliminates the need for oversized tools, sockets, grapples and overshots.
Further, this tool will catch hard lined couplings, fiberglass, worn or out of round couplings. This tool is provided with a threaded bottom end so that a variety of sizes of bells or adaptors can be employed with the tool. This tool can fish trashy rods from a well when an optional bottom piece with lip guide is used with the tool that assists in feeding the rods into the tool. The lip guide also allows the fishing tool to be utilized in horizontal wells. In horizontal wells the lip guide will guide the broken rod into the tool by rotating the tool from the surface. The lip will catch the rod and pull it over to the center of the fishing tool.
The design of the present tool allows it to be made with a smaller outer diameter which allows it to fit through crimped or bend tubing or tubing that is filled with scale or debris. Also the smaller diameter allows for fluid to more freely flow around the outer diameter of the tool. The design of the present tool allows the tool to be screwed apart so that additional features can be added to the tool and each part of the tool can be replaced or repaired in the field. Because the present tool is constructed of parts that thread together, the top portion of the tool can be removed and the tool can be attached to another tool, such as for example the O'Bannon biting type tool previously discussed, so that the two tools can be employed together, when it is desirable to do so.
Some operators will leave this fishing tool in the tubing during pumping. This is generally done when a rod is parted and the tool is deployed to fish the parted rod. Then, for some reason such as a stuck insert pump, time constraints, or for other reasons the tool is left in the tubing while latched onto the broken rod and the well is simply put back on to production with the tool being utilized as a coupler to mend the parted rod. Then the tool is retrieved the next time the well is pulled or when the tubing and or sucker rods must be pulled. This type of use will occur with this tool.
The present invention is also economical because it is reusable, field servable, and it is competitively priced. The present invention is also economical because it can produce a cost savings of approximately $10,000 to $30,000 per job on a deep well.
The present invention is also provided with one or more extension pieces that can be inserted in the middle of the tool to thereby extend the effective length of the body or barrel of the fishing tool so that the tool can be used to catch rod breaks. Specifically, by employing extension pieces in the present fishing tool, it is able to swallow the entire rod body length and to catch the enlarged section, bead or coupling located below the rod body break. This enables the present invention to catch fiberglass sucker rods that part in either the rod body or section area break, catch steel sucker rods that part in the body, and catch hardened polished rods that part in the body.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTIONThe present invention is a fishing tool for fishing sucker rods, tubing, pipe, pumps, plungers, plugs, tubing stops, packers, tools, anchors, obstructions, etc. from downhole in a subterranean well. The tool functions by trapping a broken sucker rod or other item to be fished out of the well within a barrel part of the tool's body by means of a combination of a movable slip provided within the barrel part and a side opening provided in the barrel part. The body of the tool is constructed of parts that are each machined from single pieces of metal stock and provided with threads so that the pieces can be secured together to form the body. The body is comprised of a top piece and a barrel piece, and normally also is provided with a bottom piece. A slip, preferable constructed of cast metal, is movably retained within the body. The slip serves to hold the rod within the barrel piece of the tool so that the rod or other item to be fished out of the well can be removed from the well by the tool.
The top piece of the body is constructed of a solid metal stock and is provided with male threads on its top end for securing the tool to a rod string and with male threads on its bottom end for securing the top piece to the barrel piece of the tool. The top piece is also provided with a fluid channel extending from the bottom of the top piece to a flattened wrench flat on the top piece in order to provide fluid communication through the top piece. The purpose of the channel is to allow liquids that are trapped either above or below the top piece to move through the channel as the tool is raised and lowered within the well tubing of the well.
The barrel piece of the body is constructed of hollow tube stock. The barrel piece is provided with female threads on its top end for securing the barrel piece to the male threads provided on the bottom end of the top piece and provided with female threads on its bottom end for securing the barrel piece to the bottom piece. Internally the barrel is machined to provide two parallel, longitudinally oriented grooves in which the slip is movably retained within the barrel. The slip is inserted into the barrel with ears of the slip inserting in the longitudinal grooves before the bottom piece of the body is secured to the barrel piece so that the bottom piece then captures the slip within the barrel portion when the bottom piece is attached to the barrel piece. Because the bottom piece secures the slip within the barrel, in order to replace the slip, the bottom piece is unthreaded from the barrel piece and then the slip can readily be removed from the barrel and replaced, if desired.
The barrel piece is provided with a side opening that extends down and terminates on its lower end so that its lower end is level with the upper shoulder of the slip when the slip is at its lowest position. The position of the lower end of the side opening relative to the upper shoulder of the slip at it's lowest position is important for the proper function of the tool because it insures that when a rod is attached to the tool, the pulling force is directed vertically on the tool and there is no sideways pull on the tool.
The body is normally also provided with a bottom piece, although, the bottom of the barrel piece can optionally be welded shut to permanently retain the slip within the longitudinal grooves and the bottom of the barrel piece can be internally beveled instead of being provided with female threads at its bottom end.
However, the normal configuration is to have a bottom piece attached at the bottom end of the barrel piece. The bottom piece is also constructed of hollow tube stock. The top end of the bottom piece is provided with male threads for engaging the female threads provided on the bottom end of the barrel piece in order to secure the bottom piece to the barrel piece. The bottom end of the bottom piece is enlarged externally to help in centering the tool within the tubing and is beveled internally to aid in feeding rod into the barrel of the tool.
Optionally, the bottom piece can be replaced by one of several sizes of existing bells. The bell can either be threaded directly onto the female threads provided on the bottom end of the barrel piece if the bell is provided with male threads that are compatible therewith, or alternately, can be secured to the barrel piece with an appropriate adaptor. The bell serves to guide the tool through larger size pipe interiors such as larger tubing sizes or production casing. The bell serves to guide the parted rod into the tool and allows the tool to stay centered in the pipe.
The slip is in a half moon shape, with its externally facing wall convex in shape and its internally facing wall concave in shape. Two ears are provided on the external surface of the slip for movable engagement with the longitudinal grooves provided internally within the barrel, as previously described. The bottom edge of the slip is beveled on its internally face in a half moon configuration to provide for smooth engagement of the slip with the rod as the rod enters the tool and pushes the slip upward. The top end of the slip is provided with a square shoulder against which an expanded surface of the rod or other item to be pulled will engage the slip as the tool is raised, as will be further described herein.
An optional slip can be employed instead of the standard slip. The optional slip is provided with a serrated or toothed shoulder on its top end instead of a square shoulder. The purpose of the teeth or serrations is to resist rotational slippage of the caught rod. The teeth are milled into a standard slip and are added to allow the tool to more easily be backed-off from downhole. Also, the teeth allow the tool to be more easily used when a rod on/off tool must be unlatched from downhole.
Depending on where the break in the rod string occurs, the shoulder of the slip on the present invention can engage any enlarged area of the broken rod string, including an upper or lower bead of a rod, an upper or lower shoulder of a rod, or a rod coupling.
One limitation of the present invention is that it is not able to catch on a straight rod if the rod is parted more than ten inches above a rod coupling. However, the present invention can be coupled with an existing biting type fishing tool, such as an O'Bannon slip socket, in order to additionally catch those types of breaks. As previously stated, the biting type of tool is also known as a slip socket.
In order to attach a biting type fishing tool such as the O'Bannon device to the present invention, first the top piece of the present invention is removed from the barrel piece and then the bottom piece of an O'Bannon type combination overshot socket device is removed from its top piece. Next, the barrel piece of the present invention is attached to the top piece of the O'Bannon type device. The barrel piece of the present invention may be attached to the top of piece of the O'Bannon type device either by directly threading the two parts together if their threads are compatible, or alternately, by employing an adaptor to secure them together if their threads are not compatible.
In order to extend the effective length of the body of the fishing tool, the top piece can be unthreaded from the barrel piece and one or more extension pieces can be threadably secured between the top piece and the barrel piece. Extending the effective length of the body of the fishing tool allows the tool to be used to catch a rod body break, on either a fiberglass rod, steel sucker rod or hardened polished rod. By adding one or more extension pieces to the fishing tool, the fishing tool can then swallow the rod body and catch the enlarged section, bead or coupling located below the rod body break.
Referring now to drawings and initially to
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Because the bottom piece 20 secures the slip 22 within the barrel piece 18, in order to replace the slip 22, the bottom piece 20 is unthreaded from the barrel piece 18 and then the slip 22 can readily be removed from the barrel piece 18 and replaced, if desired. The barrel piece 18 is provided with a side opening 50. As shown in
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Optionally, as illustrated in
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Some downhole pumps are not pulled out when the rods 12 are pulled out of the well 14. These types of pumps are called tubing pumps. They are installed on the bottom of the tubing 100 and are retrieved from the well 14 when the tubing 100 is retrieved. However, rods 12 are still used. But there is a tool on the bottom of the rod string 12 called a sucker rod on/off tool. This on/off tool latches onto the top of the pump when the rods 12 reach it and stay latched on until it is unlatched. To unlatch from it, the work over rig operator must rotate the rod 12 which unlatches the rod on/off tool. In order for the sucker rod fishing tool 10 to be able to transfer this rotation to the rod on/off tool, it must resist rotational slippage between the tool 10 and the broken rod 12. The teeth 82 on the top end 80A of the alternate slip 22A help resist this slippage.
In some cases insert tubing pumps will become stuck in the tubing 100, i.e. in the seating nipple. Then the tool 10 may need to be backed off from. In this case the operator rotates the sucker rods 12 counter-clockwise to unscrew the rods 12 or clockwise when a back-off tool with left hand threads is utilized directly above the tool 10. The tool 10 will also need to resist this rotation in order to be backed off from.
Referring to
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Depending on where the break in the rod string 12 occurs, the shoulder 54 of the slip 22 on the present invention can engage an upper or lower bead 86 or 96 of a rod 12, an upper or lower shoulder 90 or 92 of a rod 12, or a rod coupling 12C. One limitation of the present tool 10 is that it cannot engage the rod portion 84 or 98 of the rod 12. However, if the rod 12 parts at the rod portion 84 of the rod 12 within ten inches or less distance from above the rod coupling 12C the present tool 10 can still retrieve it at any of the aforementioned locations 86, 96, 90, 92, or 12C. However, as is discussed hereafter, the present tool 10 can be attached with other existing fishing tools to address this limitation.
Referring now to
Another way that the tool 10 can catch a broken rod sting 12 will be described. When the rod 12 enters the tool 10, it pushes the slip 22 upward to the uppermost position of the slip 22, i.e. at the top end of the grooves 44. As the tool 10 travels further downward within the well 14, the rod 12 travels upward within the tool 10 and along the slip 22. The rod 12 then exits the side opening 50 as the tool 10 continues moving downward. The tool 10 continues to move downward until the broken upper end 102 of the rod 12 contacts the top piece 16. When the end 102 contacts the top piece 16, the tool 10 stops moving downward which signals the operator to begin raising the tool 10 within the well 14. At this point the slip 22 is either located at its lowest most position or is still at the top end of the grooves 44. If the slip 22 is still located at the top end of the grooves 44, when operator starts to raise or pick up the tool, one of the edges 86, 96, 90, 92, or 12C of broken rod 12 will engage the upper shoulder 54 on the slip 22 and drag it back down to its lowest position, i.e. to the bottom end of the grooves 44. The top ends of the grooves 44 stop short of the upper end of the side opening 50 so that the tool 10 will function properly to allow the parted rod 12 to move upward beyond the top end of the grooves 44 and still exit through the side opening 50.
One limitation of the present invention is that it is not able to catch on a rod 12 where the break is at the straight rod portion 84 or 98 of a rod string 12. However, if the rod parts at the straight rod portion 84 of the rod 12 within ten inches or less from above rod coupling 12C the present tool 10 can still retrieve it at any of the aforementioned locations 86, 96, 90, 92, or 12C. However, the present invention 10 can be coupled with an existing biting type fishing tool, such as an O'Bannon slip socket, in order to additionally catch those types of breaks.
In order to attach a biting type tool such as the O'Bannon device to the present invention, first the top piece 16 of the present tool 10 is removed from the barrel piece 18 and then a bottom half of an O'Bannon tool is removed from its top half. Next, the barrel piece 18 of the present tool 10 is attached to the top half of the O'Bannon combination overshot socket tool. The barrel piece 18 of the present tool 10 may be attached to the top half of the O'Bannon tool either by directly threading the two parts together if their threads are compatible, or alternately, by employing an adaptor (not illustrated) to secure them together if their respective threads are not compatible.
Referring to
Further, although not specifically illustrated, the fact that the present fishing tool 10 threads together in pieces, this allows a variety of threaded accessories to be connected to the top, the bottom or in the middle of the tool 10. These threaded accessories may include, without limitation, cameras, lead impression plates or blocks, adaptors, pipe extensions, bells, mill shoes, and other special ends and tools. While the invention has been described with a certain degree of particularity, it is manifest that many changes may be made in the details of construction and the arrangement of components without departing from the spirit and scope of this disclosure. It is understood that the invention is not limited to the embodiments set forth herein for the purposes of exemplification, but is to be limited only by the scope of the attached claim or claims, including the full range of equivalency to which each element thereof is entitled.
Claims
1. A sucker rod fishing tool for fishing sucker rod out of a well comprising:
- a top piece, said top piece provided with threads on its top end for threadable engagement with a means for moving the top piece into and out of a well,
- a hollow barrel piece, said barrel piece provided with threads on its top end for threadable engagement with threads provided on a bottom end of said top piece, said barrel piece provided with a side opening,
- a curved slip slidably captured within said hollow barrel piece so that said slip can move longitudinally within the barrel piece,
- a bottom end of the side opening in the barrel piece being level with a top shoulder provided on the slip when the slip is located at its lowest position in the barrel piece so that an object being lifted by the tool will engage the top shoulder of the slip and the bottom end of the side opening in the barrel piece resulting in a downwardly exerted pulling force on the tool, and
- at least one extender section, each extender section provided with threads on its top end and on its bottom end for threadable engagement between the top piece and the barrel piece as a means of effectively lengthening the barrel piece by disengaging the top piece from the barrel piece and threading one or more extender sections between the top piece and barrel piece.
2. A sucker rod fishing tool for fishing sucker rod out of a well according to claim 1 further comprising:
- said barrel piece provided with at least two parallel grooves milled into its interior wall; ears provided on said slip; said ears slidably retained within the parallel grooves as a means of movably retaining the slip within the barrel piece.
3. A sucker rod fishing tool for fishing sucker rod out of a well according to claim 2 wherein said grooves and said ears on the slip are both provided with a rounded radius to reduce stress on the barrel piece.
4. A sucker rod fishing tool for fishing sucker rod out of a well according to claim 1 further comprising:
- said top piece provided with a channel therethrough for allowing liquids to pass through the top piece as the top piece is moved into and out of a well.
5. A sucker rod fishing tool for fishing sucker rod out of a well according to claim 1 further comprising:
- a bottom end of said barrel piece provided with an internal bevel to aid in admitting a sucker rod into the barrel piece, and a weld provided at a bottom end of the grooves to retain the slip therein.
6. A sucker rod fishing tool for fishing sucker rod out of a well according to claim 1 further comprising:
- a bell removably attached to the bottom end of said barrel piece via threads on its top end that threadably engage threads provided on a bottom end of said barrel piece, and said a bottom end of said bell provided with an internal bevel to aid in admitting a sucker rod into the barrel piece.
7. A sucker rod fishing tool for fishing sucker rod out of a well according to claim 1 further comprising:
- a bottom edge of the slip provided with a bevel on its internal face, said bevel having a half moon configuration to provide for smooth engagement of the slip with a sucker rod as the rod enters the barrel piece and pushes the slip upward.
8. A sucker rod fishing tool for fishing sucker rod out of a well according to claim 1 further comprising:
- a top end of said slip provided with teeth for engaging a sucker rod to prevent rotational slippage therebetween.
9. A sucker rod fishing tool for fishing sucker rod out of a well according to claim 1 further comprising:
- a bottom piece, said bottom piece provided with threads on its top end for threadable engagement with threads provided on a bottom end of said barrel piece, and said a bottom end of said bottom piece provided with an internal bevel to aid in admitting a sucker rod into the bottom piece.
10. A sucker rod fishing tool for fishing sucker rod out of a well according to claim 9 further comprising:
- said bottom end of said bottom piece provided with a lip guide to aid in admitting a sucker rod into the bottom piece.
11. A sucker rod fishing tool for fishing sucker rod out of a well according to claim 9 wherein the top piece is made from a single solid piece of metal, the barrel piece is made from a single piece of metal tube, the bottom piece is made from a single piece of metal tube, and the slip is made from cast metal.
12. A sucker rod fishing tool for fishing sucker rod out of a well according to claim 1 wherein the slip is made from cast metal.
13. A sucker rod fishing tool for fishing sucker rod out of a well according to claim 1 further comprising:
- a hollow adaptor securing between the hollow barrel piece and said at least one extender section.
Type: Application
Filed: Feb 9, 2009
Publication Date: Jun 11, 2009
Inventor: Bruce D. Kelso (Chase, KS)
Application Number: 12/368,008
International Classification: E21B 31/18 (20060101); E21B 31/12 (20060101);