Monolithic plug-in power supply
A computer system is described. This computer system includes a main power connector and one or more circuit boards rigidly connected to the main power connector, including mechanical and electrical connection. The main power connector has a body that includes a plurality of contacts. The main power connector is configured to mate with a corresponding connector, other than an expansion slot, on a motherboard in the computer system. The motherboard is coupled to one or more processors. A first plane including a first circuit board in the one or more circuit boards is substantially parallel to a symmetry plane of the body. The symmetry plane includes a direction of insertion of the main power connector when mated with the corresponding connector. The one or more circuit boards include one or more switched mode power supplies to convert an input signal to one or more output signals.
This application claims priority under 35 U.S.C. 120 to U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/304,650, entitled “Monolithic Plug-In Power Supply,” by Andrei Bulucea, having docket number MB0501 and filed on Dec. 13, 2005, the contents of which is herein incorporated by reference.
BACKGROUND1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to electronic circuits. More specifically, the present invention relates to a monolithic power supply.
2. Related Art
A wide variety of devices utilize electrical power. Such devices often include one or more power supplies to regulate and/or convert an input electrical power signal, such as that provided by a 60 Hz AC power line, into one or more output electrical power signals. These output electrical power signals may be used to power electrical circuits in these devices.
While power supplies are widely used, they do pose some design challenges. In particular, many power supplies include bulky components, such as transformers, that make integration with other components more difficult. This is unfortunate, since integration allows the cost of manufacturing, as well as the size and/or weight of the devices to be reduced.
Some existing computers provide an illustration of these challenges. In computers, a separate power supply is often coupled to the motherboard using a cable harness and a multi-pin connector, such as an ATX connector. Mechanical interference associated with the multi-pin connector also poses constraints on the motherboard size and layout. In particular, to allow mechanical access to the multi-pin connector there is often a de-forested region surrounding it on the motherboard. These limits on integration increase the overall footprint and cost of computers, such as personal computers, in both the standard and tower configurations.
What is needed, therefore, are compact power supplies to overcome the problems listed above.
SUMMARYPower supplies and systems that include power supplies that overcome the previously described challenges are described. In one embodiment, a power supply includes a main power connector and one or more circuit boards rigidly connected to the main power connector, including mechanical and electrical connection. The main power connector has a body that includes a plurality of contacts. The main power connector is configured to mate with a corresponding connector on a motherboard in a computer. The motherboard is coupled to one or more processors. A first plane including a first circuit board in the one or more circuit boards is substantially parallel to a symmetry plane of the body. The symmetry plane includes a direction of insertion of the main power connector when mated with the corresponding connector. The one or more circuit boards include one or more switched mode power supplies to convert an input signal to one or more output signals.
The power supply may include an interconnect coupled to at least one of the one or more circuit boards. The interconnect may include a plurality or wires coupled to one or more additional connectors. The interconnect may be configured to couple the power supply to one or more peripheral devices.
The one or more circuit boards may include the first circuit board and a second circuit board. A second plane including the second circuit board may be approximately parallel to the first plane.
The plurality of contacts may include a first set of contacts arranged in a first row and a second set of contacts arranged in a second row. The first row may be approximately parallel to the second row. The first circuit board may be rigidly connected to the first set of contacts and the second circuit board may be rigidly connected to the second set of contacts.
In some embodiments, the main power connector is an ATX connector. In some embodiments, each of the one or more switched mode power supplies may be a DC-to-DC converter. The one or more output signals may each be approximately regulated voltages. The power supply may be configured to select respective voltages of the one or more output signals from a pre-determined set of voltages.
In some embodiments, the power supply has a height less than a first pre-determined value and/or a width less than a second pre-determined value.
In some embodiments, the power supply generates at least 3 dB less electromagnetic interference in a band of frequencies than a power supply that has one circuit board.
In another embodiment, a system includes the motherboard in the computer. The motherboard includes a first main power connector. A power supply includes a second main power connector that is mated into the first main power connector and one or more circuit boards rigidly connected to the second main power connector, including mechanical and electrical connection. The second main power connector has the body that includes the plurality of contacts. The first plane including the first circuit board in the one or more circuit boards is substantially parallel to the symmetry plane of the body. The symmetry plane includes the direction of insertion of the second main power connector when mated with the first main power connector. The one or more circuit boards include one or more switched mode power supplies to convert an input signal to one or more output signals. The one or more output signals provide power to the motherboard.
Like reference numerals refer to corresponding parts throughout the drawings.
DETAILED DESCRIPTIONThe following description is presented to enable any person skilled in the art to make and use the invention, and is provided in the context of a particular application and its requirements. Various modifications to the disclosed embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments and applications without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and features disclosed herein.
Embodiments of a monolithic power supply and systems that utilize the monolithic power supply are described. The monolithic power supply includes a multi-pin connector and one or more circuit boards rigidly connected to the multi-pin connector. The one or more circuit boards are approximately parallel to a plane including a direction of insertion of the multi-pin connector into a corresponding connector.
In an exemplary embodiment, a mother board in a computer includes the corresponding connector. Computers should be understood to include notebook computers, personal computers, work stations, main frames, and other types of computers. The motherboard may include a printed circuit board that is coupled to one or more processors. When connected to the corresponding connector, the power supply has an orientation that is approximately perpendicular to a plane of the motherboard. In the discussion that follows this orientation is referred to as a vertical orientation.
The monolithic power supply may allow at least partial integration of one or more power supplies with the motherboard. Components in the monolithic power supply may be coupled together to form a single, integral structure. Expensive and difficult to assemble components, such as cable harnesses may be simplified or eliminated. The monolithic power supply may have a reduced width and/or height with respect to existing power supplies. The monolithic power supply may have improved thermal and/or electromagnetic interference performance with respect to existing power supplies. These features of the monolithic power supply may enable increased integration, a reduction in size, a reduction in weight and/or a reduction in the cost of devices, such as computers.
Attention is now directed towards existing motherboards and the challenges posed by integrating power supplies.
The motherboard 110 may also include one or more parallel port connectors 124 and/or one or more serial port connectors 126. Peripheral devices, such as one or more disk drives, one or more floppy drives and/or one or more optical drives, may be coupled to the motherboard 110 using one or more of the peripheral device connectors 128.
The motherboard 110 may be coupled to a separate power supply using a multi-pin main power connector 130-1. The main power connector 130-1 may receive the core or regulated voltages that are used to power the components on the motherboard 110. The main power connector 130-1 may be a male connector, which is also referred to as a header. In existing computers, a corresponding main power connector (i.e., one that is configured to mate with the main power connector 130-1) and a cable harness are used to couple the motherboard 110 to the separate power supply. The corresponding main power connector connected to the cable harness may be a female connector, which is also referred to as a receptacle.
To reduce or eliminate mechanical interference when coupling or de-coupling the corresponding main power connector and cable harness to or from the main power connector 130-1, the motherboard 110 may include a region 132 surrounding the main power connector 130-1 that does not contain components. This region 132 is sometimes referred to as a deforested region on the motherboard 110. The region 132 helps contribute to the overall footprint or size of the motherboard 110. Existing motherboards, such as the motherboard 110, typically have dimensions 112 of 300×250 mm2. The minimum dimensions 112 are currently limited to 170×170 mm2.
For embodiments where the motherboard 110 is in a personal computers, the main power connector 130-1 may be an ATX-compatible connector, i.e., a connector that compiles with an ATX power supply standard, such as the ATX12V Power Supply Design Guide (Intel Corporation, March 2005), the contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference.
Attention is now directed towards embodiments of monolithic power supplies. One approach to addressing at least some of the integration challenges posed by power supplies is to separate the AC and DC sub-modules contained in the separate power supply, such as an SFX power supply that is used in some computers. In computers, this approach may allow the multi-pin cable harness 210 to be eliminated and may allow at least the DC sub-module from the separate power supply to be directly connected to the motherboard 110 (
The contacts in the main power connector 130-2 are approximately perpendicular to a plane of the circuit board 310. In the power supply 300, the main power connector 130-2 is proximate to a south (S) 312 side of the circuit board 310. This configuration is referred to as a northern orientation.
In another embodiment, the main power connector 130-2 is proximate to an east (E) side 314 of the circuit board 310, in a configuration referred to as a western orientation. In another embodiment, the main power connector 130-2 is proximate to a center 316 of the circuit board 310
In some embodiments, the power supply 300 may include fewer components or additional components. For example, there may be one or more additional circuit boards. In some embodiments, two or more components in the power supply 300 may be combined or a position of at least one component may be changed.
The power supply 400 includes two circuit boards 410 (such as printed circuit boards) that are coupled to one another using spacers 412. The circuit boards 410 may be approximately parallel to each other. In some embodiments, the power supply 400 may include one circuit board or three or more circuit boards. The circuit boards 410 are each rigidly connected by connections 414 to the main power connector 130-2 thereby forming a monolithic assembly. Rigid connection includes mechanical and electrical connection. In other embodiments, the circuit boards 410 may be coupled to the main power connector 130-2 as opposed to being connected to it.
In an exemplary embodiment, the main power connector 130-2 is an ATX connector configured to couple power signals to a motherboard and the rigid connections 414 are provided, at least in part, by solder. Each of the circuit boards 410 may be electrically connected to a corresponding row of contacts in the main power connector 130-2. The main power connector 130-2 may include 4, 12, 20 or 24 electrical contacts.
The main power connector 130-2 may be configured to mate into the main power connector 130-1 (
The circuit boards 410 may be approximately parallel to a symmetry plane 426 of a body of the main power connector 130-2. The symmetry plane 426 may be parallel to the direction of insertion 428. Thus, the power supply 400 may have the vertical orientation, as discussed further below with reference to
Input electrical signals, for example, from an AC-to-DC power supply sub-module elsewhere in a computer, may be coupled to the power supply 400 via a cable 424-1. The cable 424-1 may be connected to one or both of the circuit boards 410. In some embodiments, the cable 424-1 is connected to one of the circuit boards 410, such as circuit board 410-1, and the input signals are then coupled to the other circuit board, such as circuit board 410-2. While the power supply 400 illustrates the cable 424-1 connected to the circuit board 410-1, in other embodiments the cable 424-1 may be connected to the circuit board 410-2.
The circuit boards 410 include one or more components (not shown), such as one or more integrated circuits, that implement the power conversion function of the power supply 400. The power supply 400 may include one or more power supply circuits. The one or more power supply circuits may include one or more DC-to-DC converter circuits. The one or more DC-to-DC converter circuits may include one or more switched power supplies. The one or more power supply circuits may include step-up and/or step-down power supplies. The one or more power supply circuits may include one or more linear regulators, one or more charge pumps, one or more bucking circuits, one or more boost circuits, one or more inverters, and/or one or more push-pull configurations.
The output electrical signals from the one or more power supply circuits may include a pre-determined set of DC voltages. The output electrical signals may include approximately regulated voltages. In some embodiments, the output electrical signals may be selected from a pre-determined set of DC voltages. In some embodiments, the output electrical signals may be adapted, adjusted and/or configured. The adapting, adjusting and/or configuring may be dynamic.
In an exemplary embodiment, the input electrical signals are approximately between 5 and 48 V. The output electrical signals may include approximately regulated voltages of 3.3V, 5V, 5 VSB, −5V, −12V and/or 12V. These output electrical signals may be generated using one or more electrical circuits on at least one of the circuit boards 410.
One or more of the output electrical signals may be coupled to one or more additional peripheral devices, such as floppy disk drives or hard drives, using a cable 424-2 and a peripheral connector 422. While the power supply 400 illustrates the cable 424-2 connected to the circuit board 410-2, in other embodiments the cable 424-2 may be connected to the circuit board 410-1.
The power supply 400 may have a thickness 416 (including the circuit boards 410 and the spacer 412) and a height 420. The thickness 416 may be larger than a thickness 418 of the main power connector 130-2. In some embodiments, the height 420 is approximately 10, 20 60 or 120 mm. In some embodiments, the height 420 is approximately between 10 and 120 mm. In some embodiments, the thickness 416 is approximately between 5 and 100 nm. The thickness 416 may be approximately 5, 10, 20 or 40 mm greater than the thickness 418. In some embodiments, the thickness 416 minus the thickness 418 is less than approximately 40 mm.
In some embodiments, the power supply 400 may include fewer components or additional components. For example, there may be one or more additional circuit boards 410. In some embodiments, two or more components in the power supply 400 may be combined or a position of at least one component may be changed.
In some embodiments, the system 500 may include fewer components or additional components. For example, there may be one or more additional circuit boards. In some embodiments, two or more components in the system 500 may be combined or a position of at least one component may be changed.
Monolithic power supplies, such as the power supply 400 (
In some embodiments, a monolithic power supply, such as the power supply 300 (
In some embodiments, the power supply 600 may include fewer components or additional components. For example, a forced convection unit may be included on one or both of the circuit boards 410. In some embodiments, two or more components in the power supply 600 may be combined or a position of at least one component may be changed.
Monolithic power supplies that have two or more circuit boards, such as the power supply 400 (
This reduction is illustrated in
Attention is now directed-towards a method of using a monolithic power supply.
The foregoing descriptions of embodiments of the present invention have been presented for purposes of illustration and description only. They are not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the present invention to the forms disclosed. Accordingly, many modifications and variations will be apparent to practitioners skilled in the art. Additionally, the above disclosure is not intended to limit the present invention. The scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims.
Claims
1. A computer system, comprising:
- one or more processors;
- a motherboard, coupled to the one or more processors, wherein the motherboard includes a first main power connector which is other than an expansion card slot; and
- a power supply to provide power to the motherboard, including: a second main power connector having a body that includes a plurality of contacts, wherein the second main power connector is mated to the first main power connector; and one or more circuit boards rigidly connected to the second main power connector, wherein a first plane including a first circuit board in the one or more circuit boards is substantially parallel to a symmetry plane of the body, rigidly connected includes mechanical connection and electrical connection, the symmetry plane including a direction of insertion of the second main power connector when mated with the first main power connector, wherein the one or more circuit boards include one or more switched mode power supplies to convert an input signal to one or more output signals, the one or more output signals providing power to the motherboard, and wherein at least one of the one or more switched mode power supplies includes a DC-to-DC converter, and wherein the one or more output signals include voltages in at least a subset of a predetermined set of voltages.
2. The computer system of claim 1, further comprising an interconnect coupled to at least one of the one or more circuit boards, wherein the interconnect includes a plurality or wires coupled to one or more additional connectors, and wherein the interconnect is configured to couple the power supply to one or more peripheral devices.
3. The computer system of claim 1, wherein the main power connector is an ATX connector.
4. The computer system of claim 1, wherein each of the one or more switched mode power supplies includes a DC-to-DC converter.
5. The computer system of claim 1, wherein the one or more circuit boards include the first circuit board and a second circuit board.
6. The computer system of claim 5, wherein the plurality of contacts include a first set of contacts arranged in a first row and a second set of contacts arranged in a second row, the first row is substantially parallel to the second row, and wherein the first circuit board is rigidly connected to the first set of contacts and the second circuit board is rigidly connected to the second set of contacts.
7. The computer system of claim 5, wherein a second plane including the second circuit board is substantially parallel to the first plane.
8. The computer system of claim 5, wherein the power supply generates at least 3 dB less electromagnetic interference in a band of frequencies than a power supply for use in the computer system that has one circuit board.
9. The computer system of claim 8, wherein the band of frequencies is approximately between 0 and 30 MHz.
10. The computer system of claim 1, wherein the one or more output signals are each substantially regulated voltages.
11. The computer system of claim 1, wherein the input signal has a voltage approximately between 5 and 48 V.
13. The computer system of claim 1, wherein the one or more output signals include 3.3V, 5V, 5 VSB, 12V, −12V and −5 V.
14. The computer system of claim 1, wherein the power supply has a height less than a pre-determined value.
15. The computer system of claim 14, wherein the pre-determined value is approximately between 10 and 120 mm.
16. The computer system of claim 1, wherein a number of contacts in the plurality of contacts is either 12, 20 or 24.
17. The computer system of claim 1, wherein the power supply has a width less than a pre-determined value.
18. The computer system of claim 17, wherein the width is less than 120 mm.
19. A computer system, comprising:
- means for computing;
- a motherboard, coupled to the means, wherein the motherboard includes a first main power connector which is other than an expansion card slot; and
- a power supply to provide power to the motherboard, including: a second main power connector having a body that includes a plurality of contacts, wherein the second main power connector is mated to the first main power connector; and one or more circuit boards rigidly connected to the second main power connector, wherein a first plane including a first circuit board in the one or more circuit boards is substantially parallel to a symmetry plane of the body, rigidly connected includes mechanical connection and electrical connection, the symmetry plane including a direction of insertion of the second main power connector when mated with the first main power connector, wherein the one or more circuit boards include one or more switched mode power supplies to convert an input signal to one or more output signals, the one or more output signals providing power to the motherboard, and wherein at least one of the one or more switched mode power supplies includes a DC-to-DC converter, and wherein the one or more output signals include voltages in at least a subset of a pre-determined set of voltages.
Type: Application
Filed: Apr 24, 2009
Publication Date: Aug 27, 2009
Inventor: Andrei Bulucea (fremont, CA)
Application Number: 12/386,868
International Classification: G06F 1/16 (20060101); H05K 7/00 (20060101);