CROSS-REFERENCES TO RELATED APPLICATIONS This application is a continuation-in-part and claims the benefit of U.S. non-provisional patent application Ser. No. 12/137,116 filed Jun. 11, 2008.
STATEMENT REGARDING FEDERALLY SPONSORED RESEARCH OR DEVELOPMENT None.
REFERENCE TO A MICRO-FICHE APPENDIX None.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to structured land and the replaceable framing parts necessary for such structures and, more particularly, to the use of a joint and assembly system for terraced structured land, the system combining separate members for tension and compression forces into an integrated assembly member.
2. Description of the Related Art including Information Disclosed under 37 C.F.R. 1.97 and 1.98
A search of the prior art located the following United States patents and patent publications which are believed to be representative of the present state of the prior art: U.S. Pat. No. 6,887,099, issued May 3, 2005; U.S. Pat. No. 6,088,852, issued Feb. 18, 1992; U.S. Pat. No. 4,677,804, issued Jul. 7, 1987; U.S. Pat. No. 6,108,984, issued Aug. 29, 2000; U.S. Pat. No. 5,626,434, issued May 6, 1997; U.S. Pat. No. 4,624,090, issued Nov. 25, 1986; U.S. Pat. No. 5,399,043, issued Mar. 21, 1995; U.S. Pat. No. 5,632,129, issued May 27, 1997; U.S. Pat. No. 4,819,399, issued Apr. 11, 1989; U.S. Pat. No. 5,051,019, issued Sep. 24, 1991; U.S. Pat. No. 5,568, 993, issued Oct. 29, 1996; U.S. Pat. No. 7,024,834, issued Apr. 11, 2006; U.S. Patent Publication No. 1006/0112657, published Jun. 1, 2006; U.S. Pat. No. 5,341,611, issued Aug. 30, 1994; and U.S. Pat. No. 4,457,118, issued Jul. 3, 1984.
BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Terraced structural framing concepts encompass vertical and horizontal elements, and are best achieved using structured land that implements efficient use of land, such as land with weak stratum soil, slopes, and the dead air space of overcrowded cities, by making use of the air space above and in it. Decreasing the amount of land used will reverse ecological damages and restore balance in nature. Simultaneously, to maintain and to continue advancing the quality of life conditions, more surface areas for living are needed. Sites presently greatly damaged, areas needing agriculture, blighted areas, and other sites other than untouched land present good places to begin constructing terraced structural framing. Often, the ideal area for terraced structural framing is an area that has been destroyed by nature; a place needing a new infrastructure, immediate employment for the indigents, improvement to quality of life, and solutions that will not be similarly destroyed.
Horizontal or planar structured land provides space where all activities take place; the ultimate form of which is the earth's surface. Proposed horizontal structured land platforms are placed one above the other in a stair like manner, terminating in a terraced mountain shape. These horizontal terraces are supported by vertical elements which transfer all loads to the ground.
Unlike most all structures which are built having a life span of effective functional use, terraced structural framing, like earth's surface, must function for a much longer time period. Thus, these structures must be constructed to be both adaptable and economical. In the near future, with building materials possibly using nano-technology, they may be self-sustaining. Until such time, today's technology must be implemented.
Thus, three-dimension efficient use of these unused spaces will address future overcrowding issues and would accelerate development to satisfy the following requirements: 1) ensure the flexibility necessary to accommodate quick changes in urban structures; 2) offer a variety of sizes, shapes or compositions and to readily apply to all types of use by setting a standardized variety of structural components; 3) ensure that every structural component with multiple component functions can be cheaply mass-produced in large quantities in the future; 4) ensure that fabrication and demolition of components can be achieved quickly and mechanically without posing problems of danger, noise, and vibration to areas adjacent to the construction site; 5) ensure safety in the event of natural or other disasters; 6) ensure that for the modularization of such necessary urban equipment systems as power supply, waste disposal-treatment, and information systems, that a terminal circuit net can be installed by compounding them and that such systems can be quickly fabricated as components to the highest possible degree; 7) ensure that systems for efficient use of energy and resources can be installed; 8) provide a structure that can cope with the distribution of traffic and materials; 9) provide an excellent living environment by planting vegetation on all levels, and to provide such mental comforts such as insulation, ventilation, soundproofing and privacy; 10) provide a constructed structure affording sufficient strength as an urban structure; 11) use for agriculture; and 12) reuse of resources must be possible after deconstruction.
The solution to achieve these requirements must also satisfy all of the following general assembly, maintenance, and disassembly criteria: a) structures constructed of materials readily available; b) structures made of components easily transportable; c) structures made of components easy to assemble and disassemble; and d) structural components replaceable without disruption to the structural system and the life activities of inhabitants of the structural system.
The best known solution to meet all these criteria are framing systems consisting of trusses. For the horizontal platform, a space frame is used. Truss columns and beams transfer the space frame loads to the ground. Truss members typically are modular length chords and associated connecting joints. For the connection between space frame and beams or columns, joints are required. One type of joint is used for platforms or horizontal surface elements; another joint is used for the vertical elements. The efficiency of these structures is enhanced when tension members are inside compression members.
Many truss based connectors for variable space frame structural systems have been developed. In total, these systems have limitations as to one or more of the necessary criteria for terraced structural framing systems using known construction materials. Similarly, these known systems do not lend themselves to be self-sustaining with future construction materials. To meet these conditions, an alternative construction method is used. Present construction practice rigidly secures all framing members. This practice requires sequential construction, skilled workers, heavy equipment, and a defined construction time line. To reduce the amount of the main sequences of construction, each framing member of an embodiment of the space frame is separated into compression members and tension members and joints that accept these members. This allows various parts of structures to be constructed simultaneously and be connected to each other at any location and at any time.
Accordingly, it is desirable to provide a truss joint and assembly system with tension and compression members integrated into the same connector element between each joint.
It is a further objective to provide a truss joint and assembly system which can be quickly constructed from known materials without the necessity of welding or other specialized construction trades.
It is yet a further objective to provide a truss joint and assembly system easily assembled and disassembled, and maintainable without disruption to the life activities of inhabitants.
A further objective is to provide a truss joint and assembly system which can be easily assembled without the necessity of advanced training or specialized knowledge.
Finally, it is an objective to provide a truss joint and assembly system the components of which are easily transportable to a point of assembly, and which can accept temporary members to reduce the time and quantity needed for temporary structures yet permit repair and replacement of the joints.
The terraced structured land joint and assembly system is directed to a such an efficient and affordable structural system and method for constructing terraced structural framing of any scale. In an embodiment, self-interlocking joint assemblies are used to provide space framing, girder columns and beams, and truss columns and beams, and to connect these systems. All framing connection members between joints have tension members within compression members. Intermediary framing connection members combine internal couplers and turnbuckles and external couplers to transfer compressive and tensile or load forces to or from each self-interlocking joint assembly. As such, space framing members support horizontal platforms. Truss columns and beams transfer the space frame loads to the ground. This framing system minimizes the need of custom-made items and allows more parts to be constructed simultaneously.
Other features, advantages, and objects of the present invention will become apparent with reference to the following description and accompanying drawings.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is an front elevation view of representative structured land 1000 including a plurality of modules 500 constructed from an embodiment of the terraced structured land joint and assembly system.
FIG. 2 is an expanded detail, front elevation view of the representative structured land 1000 of FIG. 1, including a plurality of modules 500, each such module 500 having a plurality of planar space frames 600, a plurality of horizontal truss members 700, and a plurality of vertical truss members 800.
FIG. 3 is a is an side elevation view of the representative structured land 1000 of FIG. 2, including a plurality of modules 500, each such module 500 having a plurality of planar space frames 600, a plurality of horizontal truss members 700, and a plurality of vertical truss members 800.
FIG. 4 is an expanded detail, side elevation view of the representative structured land 1000 of FIG. 3, including a plurality of modules 500, each such module 500 having a plurality of planar space frames 600, a plurality of horizontal truss members 700, and a plurality of vertical truss members 800, and including the interface 650 between space frames 600 and horizontal truss members 700.
FIG. 5 is a top view of a representative planar space frame 600, including a plurality of ball joints 20 and a plurality of interlinking tension/compression members 10 connected to the ball joints 20.
FIG. 6 is a side view of an embodiment of ball joint 20A with a plurality of mortises 74 (sockets) and including a plurality monolithic tension members 70 each within a mortise 74.
FIG. 7 is a top view of an embodiment of ball joint 20B with a plurality of compression tenons 22 (stubs, nodes) and including a plurality monolithic tension members 70 each centered on a ball joint compression tenon 24.
FIG. 8 is a side view of the ball joint 20B of FIG. 7, and including a plurality monolithic tension members 70 each centered on a ball joint compression tenon 24.
FIG. 9 is a cut away view A-A of FIG. 5 depicting an interlinking tension/compression member 10 connected to the ball joint 20B of FIG. 7.
FIG. 9A is an expanded view of a portion of FIG. 9.
FIG. 9B is an expanded view of the portion of FIG. 9 not shown in FIG. 9A.
FIG. 10 is an side elevation view of a tension coupler 100 of the interlinking tension/compression member 10 of FIG. 9.
FIG. 10A is an exploded end view of the tension coupler 100 of FIG. 10 including two equal sized split annular flange portions 102A and 102B.
FIG. 11 is an side elevation view of a compression coupler 30 of the interlinking tension/compression member 10 of FIG. 9.
FIG. 11A is an exploded end view of the compression coupler 30 of FIG. 11 including two equal sized split annular flange portions 32A and 32B.
FIG. 12 is an side elevation view of a turnbuckle 80 of the interlinking tension/compression member 10 of FIG. 9.
FIG. 12A is a left end elevation view of the turnbuckle 80 of FIG. 12 including a keyed opening 82.
FIG. 12B is a right end elevation view of the turnbuckle 80 of FIG. 12 including a threaded opening 84.
FIG. 13 is a side elevation view of a tension coupler 90 of the interlinking tension/compression member 10 of FIG. 9.
FIG. 13A is an exploded left end view of the tension coupler 90 of FIG. 13 including two equal sized split annular flange portions 92A and 92B.
FIG. 13B is an exploded right end view of the tension coupler 90 of FIG. 13 including two equal sized split annular flange portions 92A and 92B.
FIG. 14 is a representative space frame 600 of an embodiment of terraced structured land joint and assembly including a plurality of space frame top joints 200, a plurality of space frame bottom joints 270, and a plurality of space frame connection members 350.
FIG. 15 is a representative girder truss 700 of an embodiment of terraced structured land joint and assembly, including a plurality of girder truss top joints 400, a plurality of girder truss bottom joints 460, and a plurality of girder truss side joints 440.
FIG. 15A is a side elevation view of FIG. 15.
FIG. 15B is an end elevation view of FIG. 15.
FIG. 16 is a representative column truss 800 of an embodiment of terraced structured land joint and assembly, including a plurality of column truss common joints 502, and a plurality of column truss cross connection joints 550.
FIG. 16A is an end elevation view of FIG. 16.
FIG. 16B is an top planar view of FIG. 16A.
FIG. 17 is a top view of space frame top joint of an embodiment of terraced structured land joint and assembly.
FIG. 17A is a front elevation view of bracket plate for horizontal members along the “X” planar axis of FIG. 17.
FIG. 17B is a front elevation view of bracket plate for horizontal members along the “Y” planar axis of FIG. 17.
FIG. 17C is a front elevation view of connector plate to connect the bracket plates for planar members of FIGS. 17A and 17B and to receive horizontal members of FIG. 17.
FIG. 17C-1 is a top view of FIG. 17C.
FIG. 17D is a front elevation-view of bracket plate for horizontal members along the “V” planar axis of FIG. 17.
FIG. 17E is a front elevation view of bracket plate for horizontal members along the “W” planar axis of FIG. 17.
FIG. 17F is a front elevation view of connector plate to connect the bracket plates of FIG. 17.
FIG. 17G is a front elevation view of supporting plate to support the bracket plates of FIG. 17.
FIG. 18 is a side elevation view of FIG. 17.
FIG. 19 is a top view of space frame bottom joint of an embodiment of terraced structured land joint and assembly.
FIG. 19A is a front elevation view of bracket plate for horizontal members along the “X” planar axis of FIG. 19.
FIG. 19B is a front elevation view of bracket plate for horizontal members along the “Y” planar axis of FIG. 19.
FIG. 19C is a front elevation view of connector plate to connect the bracket plates for planar members of FIGS. 19A and 19B and to receive horizontal members of FIG. 19.
FIG. 19C-1 is a top view of FIG. 19C
FIG. 19D is a front elevation view of bracket plate for horizontal members along the “V” planar axis of FIG. 19.
FIG. 19E is a front elevation view of bracket plate for horizontal members along the “W” planar axis of FIG. 19.
FIG. 19 F is a front elevation view of connector plate to receive diagonal members of FIG. 19.
FIG. 19 G is a front elevation view of supporting plate to support bottom joint connector plates of FIG. 19.
FIG. 20 is a side elevation view of FIG. 19.
FIG. 21 is a side elevation view of space frame connector joint of an embodiment of terraced structured land joint and assembly.
FIG. 21A is a front elevation view of bracket plate for horizontal members along the “X” planar axis of FIG. 21 and connection to the girder truss top joint of FIG. 25.
FIG. 21B is a front elevation view of bracket plate for horizontal members along the “Y” planar axis of FIG. 21.
FIG. 21C is a front elevation view of connector plate for receiving the connector joint bracket plates of FIGS. 21A and 21B.
FIG. 21D is a front elevation view of bracket plate for horizontal members along the “X” planar axis of FIG. 21 and connection to the girder truss top joint of FIG. 25.
FIG. 21D-1 is a side elevation view of the bracket plate of FIG. 21D.
FIG. 21E is a front elevation view of bracket plate for horizontal members along the “X” planar axis of FIG. 21 and connection to the girder truss top joint of FIG. 25.
FIG. 21E-1 is a side elevation view of the bracket plate of FIG. 21E.
FIG. 21F is a front elevation view of bracket plate for diagonal members along the “V” planar axis of FIG. 21.
FIG. 21G is a front elevation view of bracket plate for diagonal members along the “W” planar axis of FIG. 21.
FIG. 21H is a front elevation view of connector plate to receive diagonal members of FIG. 21.
FIG. 21I is a front elevation view of supporting plate to support bottom connecting plate members of FIG. 21.
FIG. 22 is a top planar view of FIG. 21.
FIG. 23 is an end elevation view of space frame connector joint of an embodiment of terraced structured land joint and assembly.
FIG. 24 is a top planar view of FIG. 23.
FIG. 25 is a front elevation view of a girder truss top joint of an embodiment of terraced structured land joint and assembly.
FIG. 25A is an elevation view of a bracket plate for receiving diagonal members of the girder truss top joint of FIG. 25.
FIG. 25B is an elevation view of a bracket plate for receiving vertical and horizontal members of the girder truss top joint of FIG. 25.
FIG. 25C is an elevation view of a securing bracket plate for securing the bracket plates of FIGS. 25A and 25B and for supporting the space frame bottom joint of FIGS. 19 and 20.
FIG. 25D is an elevation view of a securing bracket plate for securing the bracket plate of FIG. 25C and supporting reinforcing bracket plates of FIGS. 25G and 25H and supporting vertical members.
FIG. 25D-1 is a side elevation view of FIG. 25D.
FIG. 25E is an elevation view of a bracket plate to correspond to the bracket plate of FIG. 25A and to support diagonal members.
FIG. 25F is an elevation view of a bracket plate to support the bracket plate of FIG. 25D.
FIG. 25G is an elevation view of a bracket plate to reinforce the bracket plate of FIG. 25A.
FIG. 25H is an elevation view of a bracket plate to reinforce the bracket plate of FIG. 25A and correspond with the bracket plate of FIG. 25B.
FIG. 26 is a longitudinal section view of the girder truss top joint taken at “26-26” of FIG. 25
FIG. 27 is a side elevation view of the assembly sequence showing the first plate member 401 of the girder truss top joint of FIG. 25.
FIG. 27A is an end elevation view of FIG. 27.
FIG. 28 is a side elevation view of the assembly sequence showing the first plate member 401 and second plate member 402 of the girder truss top joint of FIG. 25.
FIG. 28A is an end elevation of FIG. 28.
FIG. 29 is a side elevation of an assembly sequence showing plate members 401, 405, 419, 421, and 423 of the girder truss top joint of FIG. 25.
FIG. 29A is an end elevation view of FIG. 29.
FIG. 30 is an end elevation of a girder truss side joint of an embodiment of terraced structured land joint and assembly.
FIG. 30A is a front elevation view of a bracket plate for receiving diagonal members of the girder truss side joint of FIG. 30.
FIG. 30A-1 is a front elevation view of a bracket plate for receiving diagonal members of the girder truss side joint of FIG. 30.
FIG. 30B is a front elevation view of a bracket plate for receiving horizontal members of the girder truss side joint of FIG. 30.
FIG. 30C is a front elevation view of bracket plate for securing the bracket plates of FIGS. 30A, 30A-1, and 30B.
FIG. 30D is a front elevation view of bracket plate for securing a plurality of the bracket plates of FIG. 30B together and supporting vertical members.
FIG. 30E is a front elevation view of bracket plate to correspond with the bracket plates of FIGS. 30A and 30A-1 for support of a plurality of diagonal members.
There is no FIG. 31.
There is no FIG. 32.
FIG. 33 is a side elevation of a girder truss bottom joint of an embodiment of terraced structured land joint and assembly.
FIG. 33A is a front elevation view of a bracket plate for receiving diagonal members of the girder truss bottom joint of FIG. 33.
FIG. 33B is a front elevation view of a bracket plate for receiving vertical and horizontal members of the girder truss bottom joint of FIG. 33.
FIG. 33C is a front elevation view of a bracket plate for securing the bracket plates of FIGS. 33A and 33B.
FIG. 33D is a front elevation view of a bracket plate to secure the bracket plate of FIG. 33B and to support the bracket plates of FIGS. 33F and 33G, and to support vertical members.
FIG. 33E is a front elevation view of a bracket plate to support diagonal members of the girder truss bottom joint of FIG. 33.
FIG. 33F is an elevation view of a bracket plate to reinforce the bracket plate of FIG. 33A.
FIG. 33G is an elevation view of a bracket plate to reinforce the bracket plate of FIG. 33A and correspond with the bracket plate of 33B.
FIG. 34 is an end elevation view of FIG. 33.
FIG. 35 is a bottom plan view of FIG. 33.
FIG. 36 is a top plan view of FIG. 33.
FIG. 37 is a side elevation view of the space frame bottom joint of FIGS. 19 and 20 attached to the girder truss top joint of FIGS. 25-26.
FIG. 38 is an end elevation view of FIG. 37.
FIG. 39 is a top plan view of a column truss common joint of an embodiment of terraced structured land joint and assembly.
FIG. 39A is a front elevation view of a bracket plate for receiving diagonal, vertical and horizontal members of the column truss common joint of FIG. 39.
FIG. 39B is a front elevation view of a bracket plate for receiving diagonal/horizontal members of the column truss common joint of FIG. 39.
FIG. 39C is a front elevation view of a locking bracket plate for securing bracket plates of the column truss common joint of FIG. 39 together and receiving framing members.
FIG. 39D is a front elevation view of a bracket plate for receiving vertical and horizontal members of the column truss common joint of FIG. 39.
FIG. 39E is a front elevation view of a bracket plate for receiving diagonal/horizontal members of the column truss common joint of FIG. 39.
FIG. 39F is a front elevation view of a bracket plate for supporting framing members of the column truss common joint of FIG. 39.
There is no FIG. 40.
FIG. 41 is a top plan view of a column truss cross connection joint of an embodiment of terraced structured land joint and assembly.
FIG. 41A is a front elevation view of a cross connection bracket plate for receiving diagonal members of the column truss cross connection joint of FIG. 41.
FIG. 41B is a front elevation view of a cross connection bracket plate for receiving diagonal members of the column truss cross connection joint of FIG. 41.
FIG. 41C is a front elevation view of a cross connection bracket plate for receiving diagonal member ends, and securing the bracket plates of FIGS. 41A, 41B, 41D and 41E of the column truss cross connection joint of FIG. 41.
FIG. 41D is a front elevation view of a bracket plate for receiving the plate of FIG. 41A.
FIG. 41E is a front elevation view of a bracket plate for receiving the plate of FIG. 41B.
FIG. 42 is a front elevation view of FIG. 41.
FIG. 43 is a top plan view of tension member connector and tension rod/connector.
FIG. 43A is side elevation view of connector to receive tension rod/connector of FIG. 43.
FIG. 43A-1 is a front elevation view of FIG. 43A.
FIG. 44 is a side elevation view of tension member connector and tension rod/connector.
FIG. 45 is a section view of FIG. 44 taken at “45-45.”
FIG. 46 is a side elevation view of tension member connector and tension rod/connector.
FIG. 46A is a front view of a washer element of FIG. 45.
FIG. 46A-1 is a side view of FIG. 46A.
FIG. 46B is a front view of a bolt element of FIG. 45.
FIG. 46B-1 is a side view of FIG. 46B.
FIG. 46C is a front view of a tension rod element of FIGS. 43-45.
FIG. 46D is a front view of a ring element to receive tension member of FIG. 46
FIG. 46E is a front view of cable 558 and clamp element 559 of FIG. 46 prior to the clamp element 559 being secured to the cable 558.
FIG. 47 is a side elevation view of tension member connector and cable/clamp assembly.
FIG. 48 is a side elevation view of compression coupling member 620 assembly.
FIG. 48A is a sectional elevation view of inner member of the assembly of FIG. 48 taken at “48A-48A.”
FIG. 48B is a side elevation view of one half of the compression coupling member of FIG. 48.
FIG. 48C is a side elevation view of the compression coupling member of FIG. 48 connecting with connector to receive tension rod/connector 590 of FIG. 43A.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The following detail description of exemplary embodiments of the terraced structured land joint and assembly wherein reference numbers for the same and similar elements are carried forward throughout the various drawing figures. It is understood and should be noted that the figures are not drawn to any particular scale and are provided herein principally for illustrative purposes only.
The preferred embodiment of structured land using the terraced structured land joint and assembly is the mountain, FIG. 1. The structured land of FIG. 1 can change; it can grow; and, it can transform. Using a computer world analogy where the terraced mountain is “hardware,” all structures and building spaces created on and inside the terraced mountain are “software.” With the terraced structured land joint and assembly disclosed above, the software can be added without sequential staging as present construction practices require. Further, all components of the terraced structured land joint and assembly can be built in factories, easily transported to the job site, and assembled without training or extensive knowledge of construction trades. Construction time is greatly reduced. Weather or seasonal considerations would not dictate construction scheduling.
With reference to drawing FIGS. 1-13B, an embodiment for terraced structured land joint and assembly for structured land is presented. An embodiment of the land joint and assembly includes a plurality of ball joints 20A having outer surfaces, each ball joint having a plurality of monolithic mortises 74 of even diameter disposed on the ball joint outer surface 26 at predetermined locations and angles, each such monolithic mortise having a monolithic tension member 70 of predetermined diameter centered in each mortise 74 and extending orthogonally therefrom for a predetermined length along a longitudinal axis and having a swelled end portion 72, FIGS. 6, 9 and 9A. A second embodiment of the land joint and assembly further includes a plurality of ball joints 20B having outer surfaces, each ball joint having a plurality of monolithic tenons 24 disposed on the ball joint outer surface 26 at predetermined locations and angles, each such monolithic node having a monolithic tension member 70 of predetermined diameter centered on the tenon 24 and extending orthogonally therefrom for a predetermined length along a longitudinal axis and having a swelled end portion 72, FIGS. 7, 8, 9, and 9A.
An embodiment of the land joint and assembly further includes: a) a plurality of compression members 40 of predetermined length defining a uniform compression member cross-sectional area and uniform compression member interior volume 44 for receiving and housing at least one tension member 50, and having two compression ends sized to receive a monolithic ball joint tenon 24, FIGS. 7-9B; b) a plurality of tension members 50 of predetermined length along a longitudinal axis, at least one first tension member having two equal sized swelled end portions 52 of even diameters and orthogonally disposed to the tension member longitudinal axis, a diameter of uniform cross-sectional area between the swelled end portions 52, and a third, larger swelled portion 54 proximal to one of the smaller, swelled end portions 52 and orthogonally disposed to the tension member longitudinal axis, and at least one second tension member having two unequal sized swelled end portions of different diameters orthogonally disposed to the second tension member longitudinal axis, a diameter of uniform cross-sectional area between the swelled end portions, the larger end portion 53 having a threaded extension 55 along the second tension member longitudinal axis, each such tension member sized to be housed within a compression member interior 44; c) a plurality of first tension coupling means 100 sized to reside within a compression member interior 40 and to couple one first tension member swelled end portion 52 without orthogonally threaded extension to a monolithic tension member swelled end portion 72; d) a plurality of turn buckle assemblies 80 sized to reside within a compression member interior 44 and to adjustably couple and house one second tension member larger swelled end portion 53 with threaded member 55 to a first tension member smaller swelled end portion 52; e) a plurality of second tension coupling assemblies 90 sized to reside within a compression member interior 44 and to house one turn buckle assembly 80 coupling a first tension member smaller swelled end portion 52 to a second tension member threaded member 55, and further house and connect one larger tension member swelled end portion 54 to a second larger tension member swelled end portion 53; and f) a plurality of compression coupling assemblies 30 sized to connect and house a first compression member end 42 and a second compression member end 42; whereby the plurality of ball joints 20, tension members 50, and compression members 40, coupling assemblies 90 and 100, and turn buckle assemblies 80 provide at least one assembly for space frame 600, at least one assembly for horizontal support 700 of at least one assembly for space frame 600, and at least one assembly for vertical support 800 of at least one assembly for horizontal support 700 of at least one assembly for space frame 600. The tension member smaller swelled end portions 52 are approximately the same size as the monolithic tension stub swelled end portion 72. The tension member larger swelled end portions 53 and 54 are approximately the same size.
In an embodiment of the terraced structured land joint and assembly for structured land, each first tension coupling assembly 100 includes two equal sized split annular flange portions 102A and 102B, each split portion including an outer radius defining two, small semi-circle openings 104 sized to receive the tension member 50 and tension member 70 diameters of approximately the same uniform cross-sectional area between the smaller sized swelled end portion 52 and larger sized swelled end portion 54, and monolithic tenon 24 and monolithic tension stub swelled end portion 72, respectively, FIGS. 9, 9A, 10, and 10A. Each first tension coupling assembly 100 further includes an inner radius defining a second, large semi-circle opening 106 sized to receive the smaller tension member swelled end portion 52 and monolithic tension stub swelled end portion 72 diameters. Each first tension coupling assembly 100 further includes top 108 and bottom 110 faces having corresponding openings 112 sized to receive fasteners to join and secure the split annular flange portions 102A and 102B. When joined, the faces 108 and 110 are flush. The two, small semi-circle openings 104 receive and secure the tension member diameters of two opposing tension members. The second, large semi-circle opening 106 receives and secures tension member swelled end portions 52 and 72 of two opposing tension members 50 and 70. In this fashion, the tension forces along the tension members' longitudinal axes are transferred from one tension member to the other tension member through the first tension coupling means 100.
In an embodiment of the terraced structured land joint and assembly for is structured land, each turn buckle assembly 80 includes a flanged cylinder 86 having an interior recess 81 sized to receive and hold a tension member small swelled end portion 52. The turn buckle assembly further includes a threaded opening 84 on one end corresponding to the tension member threaded extension 55 to adjustably tighten the tension member 50. The turnbuckle assembly 80 further includes a keyed opening 82 on the other end swelled end portion sized to accept the tension members 50 and 60 uniform cross-sectional areas between swelled end portions 54 and 52 and 53 and 52, respectively, while securing the smaller swelled end portion 52 within the flanged cylinder interior recess 81, FIGS. 9-9B, and 12-12B.
In an embodiment of the terraced structured land joint and assembly for structured land, each second tension coupling assembly 90 includes two equal sized split annular flange portions 92A and 92B, each split portion including an outer radius defining two, small semi-circle openings 94 sized to receive the tension member 50 diameters of approximately the same uniform cross-sectional area between the smaller sized swelled end portion 52 and larger sized swelled end portion 54, FIGS. 9-9B, and 13-13B. The second tension coupling assembly 90 further includes split portion faces 93 and 95, and an inner radius 96 defining a second, large semi-circle opening 97 sized to receive and house at least one turnbuckle assembly, 80, and tension member large swelled end portions, 53 and 54. Corresponding openings 99 sized to receive fasteners to join and secure the split annular flange face portions, 93 and 95, to tension member large swelled end portions, 53 and 54, housed within the second tension coupling assembly 90. When joined, the two, small semi-circle openings 94 receive and secure the tension member diameters of two opposing tension members 50 and 60 engaged within the turnbuckle assembly 80. The second, large semi-circle opening 97 houses the turnbuckle assembly 80. The tension member large swelled end portions, 53 and 54, are secured by fasteners to the faces, 93 and 95, such that tension forces along the tension members' longitudinal axes are transferred from one tension member 50 to the other tension member 60 through the second tension coupling assembly 90.
All elements of the terraced structured land joint and assembly for structured land are manufactured from metals, advanced carbon fibers, including buckyballs, buckytubes and other nano-fiber graphenes and fullerenes, and other advanced structural composites.
As disclosed herein above, the terraced structured land joint and assembly for structured land can be assembled to provide an assembly for space frame 600, a horizontal support assembly 700 for supporting the assembly for space frame 600, and vertical support assembly 800 for transferring loads from the horizontal support assembly 700 to the earth 2000, FIG. 2.
The terraced structured land joint and assembly for structured land can include a series of interlocking chords and joints in a horizontal, planar geometric pattern, and wherein the cords and joints to provide an assembly for space frame 600, a horizontal support assembly 700 for supporting the assembly for space frame 600, and vertical support assembly 800 for transferring loads from the horizontal support assembly 700 to the earth 2000, FIGS. 1-5.
An alternate embodiment for structured land joint and assembly for structured land can include the space frame depicted in FIG. 14. Provided in the space frame 600 of FIG. 14 are a plurality of self-interlocking space frame top joints 200, self interlocking space frame bottom joints 270, and space frame connection members 350.
The alternate embodiment for structured land joint and assembly for structured land of FIG. 14 can include the girder truss assembly depicted in FIG. 15. Provided in the girder truss assembly of FIG. 15 are a plurality of self-interlocking girder truss top joints 400, self-interlocking girder truss bottom joints 460, and self-interlocking girder truss side joints 440. These self-interlocking girder truss joints are further depicted in the space frame 600 in FIGS. 15A (girder truss side elevation) and 15B (girder truss end elevation).
The alternate embodiment for structured land joint and assembly for structured land of FIG. 14 can include the column truss assembly depicted in FIG. 16. Provided in the column truss assembly of FIG. 16 are a plurality of self-interlocking column truss common joints 502, and self-interlocking column truss cross connection joints 550. These self-interlocking column truss assembly joints are further depicted in FIGS. 16A (column truss end elevation) and 16B (column truss top planar view).
The alternate embodiment for space frame of FIG. 14 includes a plurality of self-interlocking space frame top joints 200, FIGS. 17-18. Each space frame top joint 200 includes a first bracket plate member 205, FIG. 17A, having a top side and a bottom side for attaching horizontal space frame connection members 350 along an “X” axis plane. The first bracket plate member 205 further includes at least two horizontally positioned tenons 202 each sized to receive a tension member. A first slot 206 is centered on the first bracket plate 205 top side, and two equal sized second slots 208 are on the first bracket plate 205 top side at equal distance from the centered first slot 206. A third single slot 210 centered on the first bracket plate 205 bottom side sized to receive two bracket plate members 219 and 225.
Each self-interlocking space frame top joint 200 further includes a second bracket plate member 211, FIG. 17B, having a top side and a bottom side for attaching horizontal space frame connection members 350 along a “Y” axis plane. The second bracket plate member 211 includes at least two horizontally positioned tenons each sized to receive a tension member. Two equal sized first slots 214 are on the second bracket plate member 211 top side, and a first single slot 212 is centered on the second bracket plate member 211 bottom side. A second single slot 216 having a diameter larger than the first single slot 212 is also centered on the second bracket plate member 211 bottom side, and is sized to receive bracket plate members 219 and 225.
Each self-interlocking space frame top joint 200 also includes a third bracket plate member 219 having a top side and a bottom side for attaching space frame cross connection member 350 along a “V” axis plane. The third bracket plate member 219 includes at least two angled tenons extending from the third bracket plate member 219 bottom side, each tenon sized to receive a diagonal tension member. Each tenon includes a first distal slot 222. A second slot 224 is centered on the third bracket plate member 219 top side, and a third slot 220 is centered on the second slot 224 centered on the third bracket plate member 219 top side middle and extension of second slot 224.
Each self-interlocking space frame top joint 200 also includes a fourth bracket plate member 225 having a top side and a bottom side for attaching space frame cross connection members 350 along a “W” axis plane, the fourth bracket plate member 225 comprising at least two angled tenons extending from the fourth bracket plate member 225 bottom side, each tenon sized to receive a diagonal tension member and having a first distal slot 228. A second slot 230 is centered on the fourth bracket plate member 225 top side, and a third slot 226 is centered on the fourth bracket plate member 225 bottom side between the angled tenons.
Each self-interlocking space frame top joint 200 also includes at least four equal sized first connector plates 217, FIG. 17C, each first connector plate 217 having a top side, a bottom side, and mitered sides between the top and bottom sides. Each first connector plate 217 includes a slot 218 centered on the connector plate bottom side and sized to fit into the two equal sized second slots 208 on the first bracket plate member 205 top side at equal distance from the centered first slot, FIG. 17A, and the two equal sized first slots 214 on the second bracket plate member 211 top side, FIG. 17B. In this aspect of the space frame top joint 200, the four first connector plates 217 serve to connect the first, second, third and fourth bracket plate members, 205, 211, 219, and 225 respectively, and to receive horizontal space frame connection members 350 members along the “X” and “Y” axis planes, FIGS. 17 and 18.
Each self-interlocking space frame top joint 200 further includes at least four equal sized second connector plates 231, FIG. 17F, each second connector plate 231 having five sides, a flat bottom side, two angled and mitered top sides, and a slot 232 between the angled and mitered top sides sized to receive and connect to the angled tenon first distal slots of the third and fourth bracket plates, 222 and 228, respectively, FIGS. 17D and 17E. In this manner, each second connector plate 231 receives the end of a diagonal, unitary compression/tension assembly of a space frame connection member 350.
Each self-interlocking space frame top joint 200 also includes at least four equal sized third connector plates 233 FIG. 17G, each third connector plate 233 having a mitered flat top portion and a bottom portion having two legs of equal length extending from the bottom portion and defining a slot 234 between the legs sized to receive and connect to the third bracket plate top member 219 and the fourth bracket plate member 225. Each third connector plate 233 leg includes a mitered outer edge to fit the first connector plate 217 on each side of the third connector plate 233 leg. In this aspect of the space frame top joint 200, the four third connector plates 233 serve to support the third connector plate 231 flat bottom side.
An embodiment for space frame includes a plurality of self-interlocking space frame bottom joints 270, FIGS. 19-20. Each space frame bottom joint 270 includes a first bracket plate member 271, FIG. 19A, having a top side and a bottom side for attaching horizontal space frame connection members 350 along an “X” axis plane. The first bracket plate member 271 further includes at least two horizontally positioned tenons 202 each sized to receive a tension member. A first slot 272 is centered on the first bracket plate 271 top side centerline, and two equal sized second slots 274 are on the first bracket plate 271 tenon top side at equal distance from the centered first slot 272. These second slots are sized to receive two bracket plate members 283. A third single slot 276 having a width larger than the first slot 272 is centered on the first bracket plate 271 top side centerline.
Each self-interlocking space frame bottom joint 270 further includes a second bracket plate member 277, FIG. 19B, having a top side and a bottom side for attaching horizontal space frame connection members 350 members along a “Y” axis plane. The second bracket plate member 277 includes a single slot on the second bracket plate member 277 top side centerline. The second bracket plate member 277 further includes at least two horizontally positioned tenons 202 each sized to receive a tension member. Equal sized slots 280 are on the second bracket plate member 277 top side centerline and at equal distance from the second bracket plate member 277 centerline, and a single slot 278 is on the second bracket plate member 277 bottom side centerline.
Each self-interlocking space frame bottom joint 270 also includes a third bracket plate member 285, FIG. 19D, having a top side and a bottom side for attaching space frame cross connection members 350 along a “V” axis plane. The third bracket plate member 285 includes at least two angled tenons extending at equal angles from the third bracket plate member 285 top side, each tenon 202 sized to receive a diagonal tension member. Each tenon includes a first distal slot 288. A second slot 286 is centered on the third bracket plate member 285 top side, and a third slot 290 is centered on the third bracket plate member 285 bottom side.
Each self-interlocking space frame bottom joint 270 also includes a fourth bracket plate member 291, FIG. 19E, having a top side and a bottom side for attaching space frame cross connection member 350 along a “W” axis plane. The fourth bracket plate member 291 comprises at least two angled tenons extending at equal angles from the fourth bracket plate member 291 top side, each tenon 202 sized to receive a diagonal tension member and having a first distal slot 294. A second slot 292 is centered on the fourth bracket plate member 291 as an extension of a third slot 296 having a width larger than the second slot 292 and being centered on the fourth bracket plate member 291 bottom side between the angled tenons.
Each self-interlocking space frame bottom joint 270 also includes at least four equal sized first connector plates 283, FIG. 19C, each first connector plate 283 having a top side, a bottom side, and mitered sides between the top and bottom sides. Each first connector plate 283 includes a slot 284 centered on the connector plate bottom side and sized to fit into the two equal sized second slots 274 on the first bracket plate member 271 top side at equal distance from the centered first slot, FIG. 17A, and the two equal sized first slots 280 on the second bracket plate member 277 top side, FIG. 17B. In this aspect of the space frame bottom joint 270, the four first connector plates 283 serve to connect the first, second, third and fourth bracket plate members, 271, 277, 285, and 291 respectively, and to receive horizontal space frame connection members 350 along the “X” and “Y” axis planes, FIGS. 19 and 20.
Each self-interlocking space frame bottom joint 270 further includes at least four equal sized second connector plates 297, FIG. 17F, each second connector plate 297 having five sides, a flat bottom side, two angled and mitered top sides, and a slot 298 between the angled and mitered top sides sized to receive and connect to the angled tenon first distal slots of the third and fourth bracket plates, 288 and 294, respectively, FIGS. 19D and 19E. In this manner, each second connector plate 297 receives the end of a diagonal, unitary compression/tension member of a space frame.
Each self-interlocking space frame bottom joint 270 also includes at least four equal sized third connector plates 299 FIG. 17G, each third connector plate 299 having a mitered flat top portion and a bottom portion having two legs of equal length extending from the bottom portion and defining a slot 300 between the legs sized to receive and connect to the third bracket plate member 285 and the fourth bracket plate member 291. Each third connector plate 299 leg includes a mitered outer edge to fit the first connector plate 283 on each side of the third connector plate 299 leg. In this aspect of the space frame bottom joint 270, the four third connector plates 299 serve to support the second connector plate 297 flat bottom side.
An embodiment for space frame includes a plurality of self-interlocking space frame connector joints 268, FIGS. 21-24. Each space frame connector joint 268 includes a first bracket plate member 353, FIG. 21A, having a top side and an angled bottom side 362 for attaching a horizontal space frame connection member 350 along an “X” axis plane. The first bracket plate member 353 further includes at least one horizontally positioned tenon 202 sized to receive a horizontal tension assembly of the space frame connection member 350 along the “X” axis plane. A first slot 354 is centered on the first bracket plate 353 top side centerline, and two equal sized second slots 356 and 358 are positioned, one 356 on the first bracket plate 353 tenon top side and the other 358 on the opposite side of the first bracket plate, at equal distance from the centered first slot 354. These second slots 356 and 358 are sized to receive two bracket connector plate members 283. A third single slot 360 having a width larger than the first slot 354 is centered on the first bracket plate 353 top side centerline.
Each self-interlocking space frame connector joint 270 further includes a second bracket plate member 363, FIG. 21B, having a top side and a bottom side for attaching horizontal space frame connection members 350 members along a “Y” axis plane. The second bracket plate member 363 includes a single slot on the second bracket plate member 368 top side centerline. The second bracket plate member 363 further includes at least two horizontally positioned tenons 202 each sized to receive a tension assembly of the space frame connection member 350, and having a top side. Equal sized slots 366 are on positioned between each tenon 202 top side of the second bracket plate member 363, at equal distance from the second bracket plate member 363 centerline, and a single slot 364 is on the second bracket plate member 363 bottom side centerline.
Each self-interlocking space frame connector joint 270 also includes a third bracket plate member 379, FIG. 21F, having a top side and a bottom side for attaching space frame cross connection members 350 along a “V” axis plane. The third bracket plate member 379 includes at least two angled tenons 202 extending at equal angles from the third bracket plate member 379 top side, each tenon 202 sized to receive a diagonal tension assembly of the space frame connection member 350. Each tenon includes a first distal slot 382. A second slot 380 is centered on the third bracket plate member 379 top side centerline between the angled tenons 202, and a third slot 384 is centered on the third bracket plate member 379 bottom side centerline.
Each self-interlocking space frame connector joint 270 also includes a fourth bracket plate member 385, FIG. 21G, having a top side and a bottom side for attaching space frame cross connection members 350 along a “W” axis plane, the fourth bracket plate member 385 comprising at least two angled tenons 202 extending at equal angles from the fourth bracket plate member 385 top side, each tenon 202 sized to receive a diagonal tension member assembly of the space frame connection member 350, and having a first distal slot 388. A second slot 386 is centered on the fourth bracket plate member 385 bottom side centerline, and a third slot 390 having a width larger than the second slot 386 is centered on the second slot 386 of fourth bracket plate member 385 bottom side between the angled tenons.
Each self-interlocking space frame connector joint 270 also includes two equal sized first connector plates 367, FIG. 21C, each first connector plate 367 having a top side, a bottom side, and mitered sides between the top and bottom sides. Each first connector plate 367 includes a slot 368 centered on the connector plate bottom side and sized to fit into the two equal sized second slots 356 and 358 on the first bracket plate member 353 top side at equal distance from the centered first slot 354, FIG. 21A, and the two equal sized first slots 366 on the second bracket plate member 263 top side, FIG. 21B. In this aspect of the space frame connector joint 270, the two first connector plates 367 serve to connect the first, second, third and fourth bracket plate members, 353, 363, 379, and 385 respectively, and to receive horizontal space frame connection members 350 along the “X” and “Y” axis planes, FIGS. 21-24.
Each self-interlocking space frame connector joint 270 further includes at least two equal sized second connector plates 369, FIGS. 21D and 21D-1, each second connector plate having a flat top surface, a flat bottom side, two mitered top sides, two extending plate legs 372 equal distance from a second connector plate centerline having mitered top surfaces, and a slot 370 centered on the second connector plate 369 flat bottom side centerline between extending plate legs 372 the angled and mitered top sides sized to receive and connect to the girder truss top joint 400 third bracket plate 411, FIG. 25C. In this manner, the second connector plate 369 secures the connecting end of a horizontal compression assembly of the space frame connection member 350, and connects to the girder truss top joint 400.
Each self-interlocking space frame connector joint 270 also includes third connector plates 375 FIGS. 21E and 21E-1, the third connector plate 375 having a flat top portion, mitered top sides, and a mitered bottom portion 378 having two legs of equal length and size extending to the mitered bottom portion 378 and defining a slot 376 between the legs sized to receive and connect to the first bracket plate member 353. Each third connector plate 375 leg includes a mitered outer edge top side 378 to fit the third and fourth bracket plate members, 379 and 385 respectively, on each side. The third connector plate 375 leg mitered bottom side 378 connects to the girder truss top joint 400 third bracket plate 401, FIG. 25A. In this aspect of the space frame connector joint 270, the third connector plates 375 serve to connect to the girder truss top joint 400.
Each self-interlocking space frame connector joint 270 further includes at least four equal sized fourth connector plates 391, FIG. 21H, each fourth connector plate 391 having five sides, a flat bottom side, two angled and mitered top sides, and a slot 392 centered on the flat bottom side to receive and connect to the angled tenon first distal slots of the third and fourth bracket plates, 382 and 388, respectively, FIGS. 21F and 21G. in this manner, each fourth connector plate 391 receives the end of a diagonal, unitary compression/tension of a space frame.
Each space frame connector joint 270 further includes at least four equal sized fifth connector plates 393, FIG. 21I, each fifth connector plate 393 having a mitered flat top portion and a bottom portion having two legs of equal length extending from the bottom portion and defining a slot 394 between the legs sized to receive and connect to the third bracket plate top member 379 and the fourth bracket plate member 385. Each fifth connector plate 393 leg includes a mitered outer edge to fit the first connector plate 217 on each side of the third connector plate 233 leg. In this aspect of the space frame connector joint 270, the four fifth connector plates 393 serve to support the fourth connector plate 391 angled bottom side.
An embodiment for space frame includes a plurality of self-interlocking girder truss top joints 400, FIGS. 25-29A. Each space frame girder truss top joint 400 includes two first bracket plate members 401, FIG. 25A, having a top side and two equal sized and angled bottom side tenons 202 sized to receive diagonal space frame connection members 350. The first bracket plate members 401 further include at least one horizontally positioned beveled slot 402 on one side, and two equal sized second slots 404 positioned on the tenon bottom side transverse to the tenon centerline. The horizontally positioned beveled slot 402 allows two identical first bracket plate members to receive one another. The two equal sized second slots 404 each are sized to receive bracket plate 417, FIG. 25E.
Each self-interlocking space frame girder truss top joint 400 further includes two second bracket plate members 405, FIG. 25B, each such member having a top side and a bottom side for receiving horizontal and vertical space frame connection members 350. Each second bracket plate member 405 includes at least one horizontally configured tenon 202 having a centerline on one side of the second bracket plate member 405, and a first slot 406 on the second bracket plate member 405 opposite side centered on the tenon 202 centerline. The second bracket plate member 405 further includes a second slot 410 on the second bracket 405 side having the tenon 202, below the tenon 202, and a third slot 408 on the second bracket plate member 405 side having the first slot, whereby the first slot 406 is transverse to the third slot 408.
Each self-interlocking space frame girder truss top joint 400 also includes a third bracket plate member 411, FIG. 25C, having a flat top side, two flat sides transverse and connected to the top side, and a bottom side having two equally angled surfaces of equal length defining an insert opening centered on the third bracket plate member 411 centerline. The third bracket plate member 411 includes at least two equal angled slots 412 from the third bracket plate member 411 centerline extending into the third bracket plate member 411 at equal lengths and sized to receive the first bracket plate members 401 The third bracket plate member 411 includes a second slot 414 along the third bracket plate member 411 centerline extending into the third bracket plate member 411 and sized to receive a second bracket plate member 405.
Each self-interlocking space frame girder truss top joint 400 also includes a fourth bracket plate member 415, FIGS. 25D and 25D-1, having beveled top and bottom sides and a slot 416 centered in the face of the fourth bracket plate member 415 for securing the second girder truss bracket plate member 405, and supporting the seventh and eighth girder truss bracket plate members 421 and 423.
Each self-interlocking space frame girder truss top joint 400 also includes a fifth bracket plate member 417, FIG. 25E, having a substantially square face and a slot 418 centered on the fifth bracket plate member 417 centerline. Slot 418 is sized to fit into slot 404 of the girder truss joint first bracket plate member 401 and support the diagonal connector member.
Each self-interlocking space frame girder truss top joint 400 also includes a sixth bracket plate member 419, FIGS. 25E, having a substantially square face and a slot 420 centered on the girder truss sixth bracket plate member 419 top side centerline. Slot 420 is sized to receive and support the girder truss joint fourth bracket plate member 415 and to fit into slot 410 of the girder truss second bracket plate member 405.
Each self-interlocking space frame girder truss top joint 400 also includes a seventh bracket plate member 421, FIG. 25G, having a substantially equilateral triangular face and a slot 422 centered on the girder truss seventh bracket plate member 421 top point centerline. The girder truss seventh bracket plate member 421 is sized to reinforce the girder truss first bracket plate member 401. Slot 422 is sized to receive and support the girder truss joint fourth bracket plate member 415 and to fit into the girder truss second bracket plate member 405.
Each self-interlocking space frame girder truss top joint 400 also includes an eighth bracket plate member 423, FIG. 25H, having a substantially equilateral triangular face sized to reinforce the girder truss first bracket plate member 401 and to fit into the third slot 408 of the girder truss second bracket plate member 405.
An embodiment for space frame includes a plurality of self-interlocking girder truss side joints 440, FIGS. 30-30E. Each space frame girder truss side joint 440 includes at least two first bracket plate members 441 and 441-1, FIGS. 30A and 30A-1, both having a flat top side and two equal sized and angled bottom side tenons 202 and a beveled horizontal slot 442 on one side. One first bracket plate member 441 further includes two equal sized second slots 444 positioned on the tenon bottom side transverse to the tenon centerline. The other first bracket plate member 441-1 further includes two equal sized second slots 444-1 positioned on the tenon top side transverse to the tenon centerline. The beveled horizontal slots 442 allow the first bracket plate members 441 and 441-1 to receive one another, FIG. 30. The two equal sized second slots 444 and 441-1 are sized to receive the girder truss side joint 440 fifth bracket plate member 453.
Each self-interlocking space frame girder truss side joint 440 includes two second bracket plate members 445, FIG. 30B, having a horizontal slot 446 on one side sized to receive first bracket plate members 441 and 441-1. The second bracket plate member 445 further includes two transverse tenons 202 for horizontal connector members.
Each self-interlocking space frame girder truss side joint 440 includes two third bracket plate members 447, FIG. 30C, having a horizontal slot 450 centered on one side and two equal sized slots 448 at equal angles from the horizontal slot 450. The slots 448 and 450 are sized to receive first bracket plate members 441 and 441-1 and the second bracket plate member 445.
Each self-interlocking space frame girder truss side joint 440 also includes a fourth bracket plate member 451, FIG. 30D, having beveled top and bottom sides and a slot 452 centered in the face of the fourth bracket plate member 451 for securing the girder truss side joint second bracket plate member 445.
Each self-interlocking space frame girder truss side joint 440 also includes a fifth bracket plate member 453, FIG. 30E, having a substantially square face and a slot 454 centered on the girder truss side joint fifth bracket plate member 453 top side centerline. Slot 454 is sized to receive and support the girder truss side joint first bracket plate member 441 and to support the diagonal connector member.
An embodiment for space frame includes a plurality of self-interlocking girder truss bottom joints 460, FIGS. 33-36. Each space frame girder truss bottom joint 460 includes two first bracket plate members 461, FIG. 33A, having a flat bottom side and two equal sized and angled top side tenons 202 sized to receive diagonal space frame connection members 350. The first bracket plate member 461 further includes at least one horizontally positioned beveled slot 462 on one side, two equal sized second slots 464 positioned on the tenon top side transverse to the tenon centerline. The horizontally positioned beveled slot 462 allows two identical first bracket plate members 461 to receive one another. The two equal sized second slots 464 are sized to receive a fifth bracket member 477, FIG. 33E.
Each self-interlocking space frame girder truss bottom joint 460 includes two second bracket plate members 465, FIG. 33B, each having a top side and a bottom side for receiving horizontal and vertical space frame connection members 350. Each second bracket plate member 465 includes at least one horizontally configured tenon 202 having a centerline on one side of the second bracket plate member 465, and a first slot 466 on the second bracket plate member 465 opposite side centered on the tenon 202 centerline. The second bracket plate member 465 further includes a second slot 468 on the second bracket plate member 465 side having the first slot, whereby the first slot 466 is transverse to the third slot 468.
Each self-interlocking space frame girder truss bottom joint 460 also includes two third bracket plate members 469, FIG. 33C, each having a flat bottom side, two flat sides transverse and connected to the bottom side, and a top side having two equally angled surfaces of equal length defining an insert opening centered on the third bracket plate member 469 centerline. Each third bracket plate member 469 includes at least two equal angled slots 470 from the third bracket plate member 469 centerline extending into the third bracket plate member 469 at equal lengths and sized to receive the first bracket plate member 461. The third bracket plate member 469 includes a second slot 472 along the third bracket plate member 469 centerline extending into the third bracket plate member 469 and sized to receive a second bracket plate member 465.
Each self-interlocking space frame girder truss bottom joint 460 also includes four fourth bracket plate members 473, FIG. 33D, each having beveled top and bottom sides 476 and a slot 474 centered in the face of the fourth bracket plate member 473 for securing the second girder truss bracket plate member 465, and supporting the sixth and seventh girder truss bracket plate members 479 and 481.
Each self-interlocking space frame girder truss bottom joint 460 further includes a fifth bracket plate member 477, FIG. 33E, having a substantially square face and a slot 478 centered on the girder truss fifth bracket plate member 477 top side centerline. Slot 478 is sized to fit into slot 464 of the girder truss first bracket plate member 461 and to support girder truss compression assemblies of the space frame connection members 350.
Each self-interlocking space frame girder truss bottom joint 460 also includes a sixth bracket plate member 479, FIG. 33F, having a substantially equilateral triangular face sized to reinforce the girder truss first bracket plate member 461 and to fit into the girder truss second bracket plate member 465 at 468.
Each self-interlocking space frame girder truss bottom joint 460 also includes an seventh bracket plate member 481, FIG. 33G, having a substantially equilateral triangular face and a slot 482 centered on the girder truss seventh bracket plate member 481 top point centerline. The girder truss seventh bracket plate member 481 is sized to reinforce the girder truss first bracket plate member 461. Slot 482 is sized to fit into the girder truss second bracket plate member 465.
An embodiment for space frame includes a plurality of self-interlocking column truss common joints 502, FIGS. 39-39F. Each space frame column truss common joint 502 includes a first bracket plate member 503, FIG. 39A, having a substantially flat top side, two equal sized side tenons 202 sized to receive horizontal connection members, two equal sized and angled bottom side tenons 202 sized to receive diagonal connection members. The first bracket plate member 503 further includes a first slot 508 centered on the top side centerline, and two equal sized second slots 506 positioned on the tenon top side equal distance from the top side centerline. The first bracket plate member 503 further includes two equal sized third slots 506 positioned on the tenon bottom side transverse to the tenon centerline of the angled bottom side tenons 202. A fourth slot 504 is centered on the bottom side centerline.
Each self-interlocking space frame column truss common joint 502 includes a second bracket plate member 509, FIG. 39B, having a substantially flat top side, a side tenon 202 sized to receive horizontal space frame connection members 350, a first slot 512 on the top side sized to receive slot 522 of the fifth bracket plate member 521, and two second slots 510 on the top side, on either side of, and equidistant from, the first slot 512 sized to receive slot 514 of the third bracket plate member 513.
Each self-interlocking space frame column truss common joint 502 includes a first connector bracket plate member 513, FIG. 39C, having a substantially square face and a slot 514 centered on the column truss common joint first connector bracket plate member 513 top side centerline. Slot 514 is sized to receive and fit into slots 510 of the column truss common joint second bracket plate member 509 and to receive and fit into slot 524 of the column truss common joint fourth bracket plate member 521.
Each space frame column truss common joint 502 includes a third bracket plate member 503, FIG. 39D, having a substantially flat top side, a side tenon 202 sized to receive horizontal space frame connection members 350, a bottom tenon 202 sized to receive vertical space frame connection members 350, a first slot 516 on the top side sized to receive slot 504 of the column truss common joint first bracket plate member 503, and a second slot 520 on the top side, centered on and wider than slot 504, and sized to received and fit into slot 508 of the column truss common joint first bracket plate member 503, and receiving the column truss common joint second and fourth bracket plates, 509 and 521. At least two third slots 518 are on the bottom of the side tenon 202 and the side of the bottom tenon 202 facing the side of the third bracket plate member having the side tenon. These third slots 518 are sized to receive and fit into slot 526 of the column truss common joint second connector bracket plate member 525.
Each self-interlocking space frame column truss common joint 502 includes a fourth bracket plate member 521, FIG. 39E, having a substantially flat top side, a substantially flat bottom side, a side tenon 202 sized to receive horizontal space frame connection members 350, a first slot 522 on the bottom side sized to receive slot 512 of the second bracket plate member 509, and two second slots 510 on the top side sized to receive slot 514 of the column truss common joint first connector bracket plate member 513.
Each self-interlocking space frame column truss common joint 502 includes a second connector bracket plate member 525, FIG. 39F, having a substantially square face and a slot 526 centered on the column truss common joint second connector bracket plate member 525 top side centerline. Slot 526 is sized to receive and fit into: 1) slots 506 of the column truss common joint first bracket plate member 503; and 2) slots 518 of the column truss common joint fourth bracket plate member 515.
An embodiment for space frame includes a plurality of self-interlocking column truss cross connection joints 550, FIGS. 41-42. Each column truss cross connection joint 5 includes a first plate member 551, FIG. 41A, having substantially flat top and bottom sides, and two horizontal tenons 202 receiving diagonal members. The first plate member 551 further includes a slot 552 centered on the top side centerline, and two equal sized slots 554, each on opposite sides and equidistant from slot 552 on the top side.
Each self-interlocking column truss cross connection joint 550 includes a second plate member 555, FIG. 41B, having substantially flat top and bottom sides, and two horizontal tenons 202 receiving diagonal space frame connection members 350. The second plate member 555 further includes a slot 556 centered on the plate centerline bottom side, and two equal sized slots 558, each on opposite sides of the plate centerline on the top side. Slot 556 is sized to received and fit into slot 552 of the column truss cross connection joint 502 first plate member 551.
Each self-interlocking column truss cross connection joint 550 includes a third plate member 559, FIG. 41B, having a substantially rectangular face, and two mitered sides. The third plate member 559 further includes a slot 560 centered on the plate centerline bottom side. Slot 560 is sized to received and fit into slots 554 of the column truss cross connection joint 550 first plate member 551, and slots 558 of the column truss cross connection joint 550 second plate member 555.
Each self-interlocking column truss cross connection joint 550 includes a fourth plate member 561, FIG. 41D, having substantially flat top and bottom sides, and further includes a slot 562 centered on the plate centerline top side, and a second slot 564 having a width greater than slot 562 and centered on the plate centerline bottom side. Slot 564 is sized to receive the column truss cross connection joint 550 first and second plate members 551 and 555, respectively. Slot 562 is sized to receive the fifth plate member 565 at slot 566, FIG. 41E.
Each self-interlocking column truss cross connection joint 550 includes a fifth plate member 565, FIG. 41E, having substantially flat top and bottom sides, and further includes a slot 568 centered on the plate bottom side centerline, and a second slot 566 centered on the plate top side centerline. Slot 566 is sized to receive and fit into slot 562 of the cross connection joint fourth plate member 561. Slot 568 is sized to receive the column truss cross connection joint 550 first and second plate members 551 and 555, respectively.
The alternate embodiment for structured land joint and assembly for structured land can and the space frame 600 depicted in FIG. 14 includes a plurality of tension members 570 and tension rods 580, FIGS. 43-48 as part of a unitary space frame connection member 350. An embodiment of tension members 570 includes threaded portions of tension rods 582 and rings to accept tension cable 584. The threaded portions of tension rods 582 are adapted to be secured with washer 574 and nut or bolt 578 assembly. The washer 574 further includes a grove 576 sized to receive and adapt to tension rod or cable connector 590. Each washer 574 includes a groove 576 sized to receive and correspond with the connector 590. Each connector 590 includes two tenons 202, one at each connector end. The embodiment of tension cable and ring assembly are secured using cable 588 and clamp 589 assembly, FIGS. 46E and 46F.
The tension members 570 and tension rods 580, FIGS. 43-47, reside inside compression members, similar to the embodiment depicted in FIG. 9, as part of a unitary space frame connection member 350. Compression couplers 620, FIGS. 48-48C, include two equal sized split annular portions 624 having an internal diameter dimension flange 622 sized to receive and hold a first compression member end 640 at one compression coupler 620 end and to receive and hold a second compression member end 642 at the other compression coupler 620 end, FIGS. 44, 48-48C. The internal diameter dimension flange 622 compression coupler further includes a slot 628 sized to receive and hold the tension rod or cable connector 590. The external flange of the compression couplers 620 have holes 630 and fasteners 620 adapted to fit within the connector holes 630 allow for the compression couplers to be assembled around the tension rod or cable connector 590 members of the space frame connection member 350.
The alternate embodiment for structured land joint and assembly for structured land identified in FIG. 14-48C can be assembled on-site without welding or fasteners, other than those identified in this specification. Where local codes require, welds or equivalent fastener assembly can be added to supplement structural integrity of the self-interlocking joints; however, they are not necessary for strength, stability, or integrity of the space frame and structured land. It is understood that any combination of load requirements and dimensional preferences for the structured land joint and assembly for structured land identified in FIG. 14-48C can be achieved using the disclosure described in this specification.
The terraced structured land joint and assembly for structured land further can include two member trusses consisting of modular length chords and joints, and wherein the cords and joints to provide an assembly for space frame 600, a horizontal support assembly 700 for supporting the assembly for space frame 600, and vertical support assembly 800 for transferring loads from the horizontal support assembly 700 to the earth 2000.
The terraced structured land joint and assembly for structured land further can include three member trusses consisting of modular length chords and joints, and wherein the cords and joints to provide an assembly for space frame 600, a horizontal support assembly 700 for supporting the assembly for space frame 600, and vertical support assembly 800 for transferring loads from the horizontal support assembly 700 to the earth 2000.
All connector parts and frame members of the terraced structured land joint and assembly for structured land are simply designed and are without complex formations. All of these elements can be cast or forged in simple two-part molds. Depending on structural requirements, these elements may be manufactured out of a range of materials from metals, advanced carbon fibers, including buckyballs, buckytubes and other nano-fiber graphenes and fullerenes, and other advanced structural composites.
Assembly of all connector parts and frame members can be on-site, or can include prefabrication of system joint elements with connection of the space frame and terraced structured land joint and assembly for structured land using the tension rods and cables.
Accordingly, any appropriate casting of forging method for metal components may be used in their manufacture. The fasteners and threaded members can be fabricated using forging techniques for metal components that are commonly used in the manufacture of high strength bolts, and related fasteners. Medium carbon alloy steels with protective coatings that resist corrosion are also highly suitable for fabricating the ball joints, monolithic mortices or tenons, and monolithic tension studs for certain applications. That portion of the ball joint in contact with compression members can additionally be finished to provide a low friction hardened surface.
By the foregoing disclosure, a highly structural, simply designed, economical to manufacture and assemble terraced structured land joint and assembly system is presented. The terraced structured land joint and assembly system disclosed herein demonstrates high flexibility of application and high economy of use. By incorporating the principles and features described herein, the improved terraced structured land joint and assembly system is capable of wide-ranging applications in common building construction. The preferred embodiment of the improved joint and assembly system is particularly suited to structured land and, as such, is useful in a wide spectrum of artificial land concepts and applications. The drawings and embodiments of the improved terraced structured land joint and assembly system are illustrative and should not be construed to limit the full range of possible variations which fall within the scope of the invention.
