SOLAR PANEL

Abstract

A solar panel that utilizes the sun's rays to heat a liquid to be used for providing heat or hot water includes front and rear parallel clear plastic panels. The front panel is intended to face the sun and is substantially transparent so that the sun's rays can pass there through The rear panel has a reflective coating thereon wherein rays from the sun are reflected back toward the space between the panels. Located within the space are a plurality of conduits formed by a plurality of internal walls that extend between the panels and the left and right side edges. Within the conduits is a darkened oily liquid that is heated by the incoming rays of the sun and the rays reflected by the rear panel. In a preferred embodiment, the front and rear panels and the internal walls are extruded as a single unit.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present invention is directed toward a device in the nature of a solar panel of the type that utilizes the sun's rays to heat a liquid to be used for providing heat or hot water to a home or other building.

BACKGROUND ART

Solar panels, also known as solar heat collectors, of the type stated generally above have been known for many years. During the 1970's and 1980's a significant number of different solar panels were constructed and used as a result of the intensive energy debate which took place during this period with regard to alternative renewable sources of energy. Many of the solar panels built during that period were manufactured in relatively small production series in an often unprofessional manner, which in time caused problems with water leakage amongst other things.

The early solar collectors were generally constructed of rigid materials such as glass and metal tubing. Consequently, they were heavy and cumbersome to handle and install, and were also undesirably expensive to construct and to use. Non-rigid solar collectors constructed of plastic materials have also been proposed but none has proven successful.

In one previously known system, a panel is extruded from a thermoplastic material with a plurality of transparent or translucent channels formed therein. The back surface of the panel is darkened so as to absorb light energy. A liquid flowing through the channels is heated by the sun and by the darkened back panel. While this may be an improvement on other prior art systems, it is still inefficient as much of the energy from the sun's rays is used merely to heat the darkened back panel and is not transferred to the liquid.

With renewed interest in solar energy because of increasing energy costs and the desire to not to rely on foreign oil, a need exists for an improved light weight and inexpensive solar panel that efficiently transfers energy from the sun's rays to the liquid to be heated.

DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION

The present invention is intended to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art discussed above. It is an object of the present invention to provide a solar panel that utilizes the sun's rays to heat a liquid to be used for providing heat or hot water.

It is another object of the present invention to provide a solar panel that utilizes the sun's rays to heat a liquid to be used for providing heat or hot water and that is efficient and inexpensive to produce.

It is a still further object of the present invention to provide a solar panel that utilizes the sun's rays to heat a liquid to be used for providing heat or hot water, that can be easily mass produced and which requires little or no maintenance.

In accordance with the illustrative embodiments demonstrating features and advantages of the present invention, there is provided a solar panel that utilizes the sun's rays to heat a liquid to be used for providing heat or hot water. The solar panel includes front and rear parallel but spaced apart clear plastic panels. Each panel has a front surface, a back surface and left and right side edges. The front panel is intended to face the sun and is substantially transparent so that the sun's rays can pass therethrough. The rear panel has a reflective coating thereon wherein rays from the sun that pass through the front panel and through the space between the panels is reflected back toward the space. Located within the space between the panels are a plurality of conduits formed by a plurality of internal walls that extend between the front and rear panels and between the left and right side edges. Within the conduits is a darkened oily liquid that is heated by the incoming rays of the sun and by the rays reflected by the rear panel. In a preferred embodiment, the front and rear panels and the internal walls are extruded as a single unit. The goal of the solar panel of the invention is to absorb between approximately 60 percent to approximately 98 percent of the sun's energy on the first pass and the rest as it is reflected back.

Other objects, features, and advantages of the invention will be readily apparent from the following detailed description of preferred embodiments thereof taken in conjunction with the drawings.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

For the purpose of illustration the invention, there are shown in the accompanying drawings one forms which is presently preferred; it being understood that the invention is not intended to be limited to the precise arrangements and instrumentalities shown.

FIG. 1 is a front perspective view shown somewhat schematically of a solar panel showing my new design;

FIG. 2 is a rear perspective view thereof;

FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view taken through the lines 3-3 of FIG. 1, and

FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view taken through the lines 4-4 of FIG. 1.

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION

Referring now to the several drawings in detail wherein like reference numerals have been used throughout the various figures to designate like elements, there is shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 a solar panel of the type that utilizes the sun's rays to heat a liquid to be used for providing heat or hot water to a home or other building constructed in accordance with the principles of the present invention and designated generally as 10. The solar panel 10 is comprised essentially of a front panel 12 and a rear panel 14. As shown most clearly in FIGS. 3 and 4, the front panel 12 has a front surface 16 and a back surface 18. It also has a left side edge 20 and a right side edge 22 as shown in FIG. 1. The front panel 12 is substantially transparent and is intended to face the sun so that they sun's rays 24 can pass therethrough substantially uninterrupted.

Similarly, the rear panel 14 includes a front surface 26, a back surface 28 and left and right side edges 30 and 32, respectively. The rear panel 14 is arranged parallel to but spaced apart from the front panel 12 so as to leave a space 34 in between the two panels. As shown most clearly in FIGS. 3 and 4, the back surface 28 of the rear panel 14 has a reflective coating 36 thereon. It is possible, however, to have the reflective surface 36 be spaced slightly from the back surface 28 of the rear panel with an air or vacuum in the space in between them. In any case, rays 24 from the sun that pass through the front panel 12 and through the space 34 strike the reflective coating 36 and are reflected back toward the space 34. The reflective coating 36 can be comprised of a coating known in the art such as a bright white paint or the like, a silver-mirrored finish or any other material that will reflect impinging light effectively.

Located within the space 34 between the front and back panels 12 and 14 are a plurality of conduits such as shown at 38, 40 and 42 (for example) in FIGS. 1 and 4. The conduits are formed by a plurality of internal walls such as shown at 44 and 46 that extend between the front and rear panels 12 and 14. These internal walls 44 and 46 also extend to the left and right side edges of the front and right panels.

As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the side edges of the solar panel are fitted into elongated openings in tubular pipe members 48 and 50. The side ends of the conduits 38, 40 and 42, for example, are open and communicate with the interior of the pipe members 48 and 50. As a result, and as shown diagrammatically in FIG. 1, a liquid 52 passing into the interior of the pipe member 50 passes through each of the conduits and out the other end into the interior of the pipe member 48.

It should be noted that while the liquid 52 is shown passing through only some of the channels in the solar panel, this is for illustration and clarification only. The liquid 52 will, of course, pass through all of the channels. Furthermore, while the arrangement shown in FIG. 1 has the various channels arranged in parallel so that liquid 52 passes in the same direction through each of them, it is also within the scope of the present invention to arrange the numerous channels in series by connecting alternate ends of the channels together. In this way, the liquid will pass through the first channel in one direction, through the second channel in the other direction and back and forth until it exits.

The liquid 52 is preferably oil-based liquid which can be, for example, corn oil, soy oil or sunflower seed oil. It has been found that mineral oil is most suitable. Other liquids can, however, be substituted. In some climates, for example, it may be preferable to use water alone or in combination with an anti-freeze such as ethylene or propylene glycol.

In order to absorb as much of the sun's energy as possible, the liquid 52 is darkened. This can be done utilizing activated carbon, carbon black or an FDA approved food coloring or dye such as those available from Sensient Technologies Corporation. The most suitable dyes, however, appear to be Sudan Black A soluble dye form BASF or Calcon soluble black dye from Benckiser of Germany.

The amount of dye and the oil are chosen so that between approximately 60 percent to approximately 98 percent of the sun's energy is absorbed on the first pass and the rest is absorbed as the sun's rays or energy is reflected back. In addition, the oil and dye allow for the absorption of infrared energy from the sun's rays in addition to light in the visible spectrum

The front panel 12, rear panel 14 and the internal walls 44 and 46 etc., preferably formed as one piece by an extrusion process well known in the art. Preferably, all of the components are made from a clear thermoplastic material such as a polycarbonate or polymethyl methacrylate (acrylic) material.

As should be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, Applicant has schematically shown only the essential features of the solar panel itself. Obviously, seals, mounting hardware, an insulated box and the like will be used as needed. Furthermore, while not specifically shown, the solar panel 10 is intended to be used as part of a closed liquid heating system wherein the darkened liquid 52 heated by the solar panel structure will transfer heat through a heat exchanger in order to provide heat or hot water to a dwelling or other building. In addition, the solar panel 10 can be used alone or in combination with a number of additional similarly constructed panels and can also be part of a building element that forms part of the roof of a building.

The present invention may be embodied on other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential attributes thereof and accordingly, reference should be made to the appended claims rather than to the foregoing specification as indicating the scope of the invention.

Claims

1. A device through which a liquid can be transported and which is intended to face the sun so that the sun's rays can heat the liquid, said device comprising:

a substantially transparent container having a space therein for containing the liquid as it is transported through said device, said container having an inlet and an outlet;

a reflective surface wherein rays from the sun that pass through said transparent container can be reflected back into said liquid;

said liquid being darkened to absorb a substantial portion of the sun's rays impinging thereon while allowing some of said rays to pass therethrough to be reflected back into said liquid where it is substantially completely absorbed;

said container and said liquid being so arranged and designed such that between approximately 2% and 40% of the sun's rays pass through said liquid to said reflective surface to be reflected back to said liquid for substantially complete absorption, and

means for moving said liquid into and out of said space.

2. The device as claimed in claim 1 wherein said container has a front panel having a front surface, a back surface, a left side edge and a right side edge, said front panel being substantially transparent and being intended to face the sun so that the sun's rays can pass therethrough.

3. The device as claimed in claim 2 wherein said container has a rear panel spaced from said front panel to create said space therebetween.

4. The device as claimed in claim 2 wherein said front and rear panels are arranged parallel to each other.

5. The device as claimed in claim 1 further including a plurality of conduits within said space, said darkened liquid being contained within said conduits.

6. The device as claimed in claim 5 wherein said conduits are formed by a plurality of internal walls extending between said front and rear panels.

7. The device as claimed in claim 6 wherein said plurality of internal walls also extend between said left and right side edges of said front and rear panels.

8. The device as claimed in claim 1 wherein said liquid is comprised of oil.

9. The device as claimed in claim 8 wherein said oil is mineral oil.

10. The device as claimed in claim 1 wherein said liquid is comprised of water.

11. The device as claimed in claim 10 wherein said liquid further includes an anti-freeze.

12. The device as claimed in claim 1 wherein said liquid contains a soluble black dye.

13. The device as claimed in claim 3 wherein said front and rear panels are formed from a clear plastic.

14. The device as claimed in claim 13 wherein said plastic is a polycarbonate.

15. The device as claimed in claim 6 wherein said internal walls are formed of plastic.

16. The device as claimed in claim 15 wherein said front and rear panels and said internal walls are extruded as a single unit.

17. The device as claimed in claim 3 wherein said reflective surface is secured to said rear panel.

18. The device as claimed in claim 3 wherein said reflective surface spaced from said rear panel.

19. The device as claimed in claim 1 wherein said liquid absorbs energy outside of the visible spectrum.

20. The device as claimed in claim 19 wherein said liquid absorbs energy in the infrared spectrum.