Counter-rotating fluid-propelling apparatus
A counter-rotating fluid-propelling apparatus (800) comprises at least two identical interlocking counter-rotating bodies (801, 802) having a number of rectangular flat panels (811-814), each panel having planar surfaces, and each body having an axis of rotation that passes lengthwise through the middle of the body such that the axis is parallel to and equidistant from the longer edges of the panels. The operation of the apparatus begins with the bodies having a panel from each body abutting against each other. The bodies then counter-rotate with respect to each other driven by a motor (860), such that the panels separate while the vertices between panels remain in contact. This counter-rotating operation causes a displacement of ambient fluid residing beneath the apparatus in a downward motion due to the coming together of panels, and displacement of ambient fluid above the apparatus downward into a vacuum formed due to the separation of panels.
This invention relates to propellers, impellers, fans, turbines, and the like, and educational devices related to the same which propel a fluid such as a gas or liquid. More specifically, though not exclusively, the present invention relates to a counter-rotating air propelling apparatus that can be used in a vehicle akin to a helicopter, instead of the large rotating blades used in a conventional helicopter. The apparatus can also be used as a turbine to generate electricity, as an impeller on boats, ships and submarines, as a pumping device, fan or compressor used for example in vacuum cleaners, jet engines, hydroturbines, miniature flying devices and toys.
BACKGROUNDVarious types of fluid propelling apparatuses exist. U.S. Pat. No. 1,532,902 Immers discloses a pair of “mutually inter-engaging rotary sustaining elements” each consisting of multiple longitudinal plane surfaces arranged radially at equal angular intervals and mounted on a rotary shaft, the two shafts in the same horizontal plane. The plane surfaces are always separated from each other and do not change their shape. The rotary shafts are stationary with respect to each other and to the fuselage.
U.S. Pat. No. 727,377 Kaehler discloses multiple rectangular planar wings mounted on shafts which rotate like paddle wheels in opposite directions to each other, which is supposed to create a lifting effect. The wings are always separated from each other and maintain a constant shape. The shafts are stationary with respect to each other and to the fuselage.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,899,408 Bowers, Jr. discloses a single, long, flexible or hinged wing that flexibly or hingedly flaps. The wing is made of a mesh with individual cloth flaps each of which covers a hole in the mesh on the downstroke of the wing in order to push against the air under the wing. Each flap uncovers from the hole on the upstroke in order to at low air to pass from above the wing, through the wing to below the wing. The wing continues to flap thus downwards and upwards. This flapping operation propels the apparatus upwards and forwards. The parts of the wing rotate only partially. Each part of the wing touches another part of the wing only via fixed hinges. The far ends of each wing always remain separated from each other.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,139,171 Harris discloses two wings that hingedly flap. The outer segments of the wings pivot downward on the upstroke to allow air to pass by them, and pivot back up to horizontal position to push against the air under the wings on the downstroke. According to the disclosure this motion sustains the apparatus in the air. The parts of each wing rotate only partially. The one part of each wing touches the other part of the wing only via one fixed hinge. The far ends of each wing always remain separated from each other.
U.S. Pat. No. 1,726,342 Cerny discloses two wings that jointedly flap up and down. Each wing also has a second joint which during the upward motion of the wing permits a jumping forward and a turning up movement of the wings, and during the downward motion of the wing a pulling back of the wing in an essentially horizontal direction. The parts of each wing rotate only partially. The one part of each wing touches the other part of the wing only via one fixed hinge. The far ends of each wing always remain separated from each other.
U.S. Pat. No. 3,439,887 Boehler, et al. discloses wing rotors each of which can autorotate about its spanwise axis. Each wing rotor may have control plates pivotally mounted on its ends. In one embodiment the control plates are hinged in the middle and bend with respect to each other about the hinge. The plates provide control only and no lift. The plates rotate only partially. The outside edges of the plates are always separated from each other.
U.S. Pat. No. 3,380,689 Bucher discloses stabilizers for aircraft, each of which rotates about an axis and has openings each of which can be closed or re-opened by means of a folding hinged shutter or flap over the opening. The rotating stabilizers always remain separated from each other. The flaps over the stabilizer openings rotate only partially. Each of the flaps provides some lift but only as a conventional aviation flap. The unhinged edges of the flaps always remain separated from each other.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,596,367 Wittwer discloses a rotary fluid-propelled device. The device has outer chambers having openings. The device rotates about an axis. The device has a strap that has four corners which, at maximum free lift force, provide fulcrum points at which the outer portions of the device bend upwards. Then the device bends at the top of its axis as its outer chambers twist their openings into line with each other. The surfaces of this device flex and/or hinge upon each other but otherwise remain fixed with respect to each other. The vertices between the surfaces hinge but remain fixed.
U.S. Pat. No. 1,864,012 Dring discloses two conical three-bladed propellers, the wide ends of the cones facing away from each other, the propellers rotating about a common axis. The propellers produce drafts that collide with each other in the middle and push an aircraft up and forwards when the propellers are mounted on opposite sides of the aircraft fuselage. The surfaces of the propeller blades remain fixed with respect to each other and remain separated from each other.
U.S. Pat. No. 1,989,755 Jelalian discloses a pair of curved wings that flap hinged to a sort of fuselage. The wings rotate only partially about the fixed hinges. The wings remain separated from each other.
U.S. Pat. No. 1,057,891 Smith, et al, discloses two planar surfaces that hinge upon each other, and about the hinge continuously open and extend then close and retract, to propel a craft through fluid. The planar surfaces rotate only partially about the permanent hinge. The outer edges of the planar surfaces always remain separated from each other.
U.S. Pat. No. 2,333,171 Gorr discloses a device which, from a craft, is manually pushed and pulled in fluid in which the craft floats. About the hinge the planar surfaces open when pushed and close when pulled, thus propelling the craft through the fluid. The planar surfaces rotate only partially about the permanent hinge. The outer edges of the planar surfaces remain separated from each other.
The invention results from attempts to reduce fluid leakage between moving panels in counter-rotating fluid propelling devices.
SUMMARYThe principal and secondary objects of the present invention are to provide a fluid propelling apparatus which discourages fluid leakage between separately rotating panels. These and other objects are achieved by an apparatus wherein counter-rotating panels repeatedly temporarily contact each other and separate during operation. It is a further object of the invention to provide an apparatus to educate users to the aerodynamic properties of counter-rotating panels.
In some embodiments there is provided a rotating wing apparatus that has surfaces which temporarily touch or hinge upon each other. In some embodiments there is provided a rotating wing apparatus that has planar surfaces that completely rotate about their central longitudinal axes, and that allow their outer edges to hinge upon each other and then allow the inner edges to separate from each other in the process of rotation of the surfaces. In some embodiments there is provided a rotating wing apparatus that has panels having central longitudinal axes that move alternately together and apart in order to keep the panels in contact with each other as they rotate about their axes in opposite directions and alternately hinge upon each other at their edges.
In some embodiments the rotating wing apparatus of the present invention comprises two identical rectangular flat panels, each panel having planar surfaces, and each panel having an axis of rotation that passes lengthwise through the middle of the panel such that the axis is parallel to and equidistant from the longer edges of the panel.
In some embodiments, the operation of the apparatus begins with the panels lying flat side-by-side, with a longer edge of each panel abutted against a longer edge of the other panel. The panels then “fold downwards” with respect to each other, hinging at the abutted longer edges, such that each panel rotates about its axis at the same rate as the other panel but in a direction opposite that of the other panel, and such that the axes move towards each other, until a surface of each panel comes flat against a surface of the other panel. From this point the abutted longer edges of the panels now separate from each other, and the other longer edges of the panels then abut and hinge upon each other, such that the axes now move away from each other, until the panels again lie flat side by side, at which point the apparatus would again look like it did at the beginning of the operation except with the positions of the edges and surfaces of each panel reversed, and the panels continuing to hinge at the longer edges. The panels continue to rotate in this manner.
The rotating wing apparatus of the present invention is more compact and provides lift more efficiently than preexisting disclosed technology. The rotating wing apparatus of the present invention more efficiently generates and maintains pressure differentials on opposite adjacent sides of the rotating wing apparatus in order to generate lift.
The aforementioned and other advantages of the rotating wing apparatus of the present invention will become more apparent to those skilled in the art upon making a thorough review and study of the following detailed description of the invention when reviewed in conjunction with the drawings in which like references numerals refer to like parts, and wherein:
Referring now to the drawing, there is shown in
Panels 112 and 116 may be made of metal, wood, plastic, ceramic, or any other material capable of substantially retaining the form of the panels 112 and 116. Additional materials may include fiberglass, graphite resin, or any other material having the strength necessary to withstand the rotational forces.
In operation, panel 112 continuously rotates about axis 152 in angular direction 172. Panel 116 rotates about its axis 156, at substantially the same rate as panel 112 but in angular direction 176 substantially opposite angular direction 172. In the positions shown in
The panels 112 and 116 continue to rotate in this manner, hinging at first long edges 122 through the interaction of tab 166 and channel 168, such that panels 112 and 116 “fold downwards”, axes 152 and 156 move towards each other, and second planar surfaces 146 come together flat against each other. In this position, panels 112 and 116 would look like they do in
The theory of operation is as follows. With reference to
The medium in which the apparatus 100 operates to create the pressure differentials can be any fluid such as air or water, or other gas or liquid. The apparatus may also operate in flowing solids such as sand.
While each of long edges 122 and 126 is shown as having one tab 162 or 168 or one channel 164 or 166, each of long edges 122 or 126 can alternatively have more than one tab or more than one channel as long as the tabs and channels interface with each other to maintain the hinging action of the long edges 122 and 126. Further, the interfacing structures can be made to be axially symmetrical to simplify rotational balance of the panels and manufacturing costs.
While panels 112 and 116 are shown in
While long edges 122 and 126 and short edges 132 and 136 are shown in
Alternative embodiments of the rotating wing apparatus of the present invention can include wing panels having cross-sections which represent rectangular, triangular and prism shapes. For instance, a wing panel having an equilateral triangular cross-section could provide for a wing panel having three 5 edges.
Referring now to
As shown in
In operation, panel 212 continuously rotates about its central longitudinal axis 252 in angular direction 272; and panel 216 rotates about its central longitudinal axis 256, at the same rate as panel 216 but in angular direction 276 opposite angular direction 272. As panels 212 and 216 rotate, they hinge alternately at first long edges 222 and at second long edges 226. The hinging of first long edges 222 is assisted by the fact that tab 262 is removably received in channel 264 in order to keep long edges 222 temporarily hinged upon each other (similarly to the operation of apparatus 100 of
As shown in
While each of long edges 222 and 226 is shown as having one tab 262 or 268 or one channel 264 or 266, each of long edges 222 or 226 can alternatively have more than one tab or more than one channel as long as the tabs and channels interface with each other to maintain the hinging action of the long edges 222 and 226.
Referring now to
Tube 312 also has a central longitudinal rotational axis 352, and tube 316 has a central longitudinal rotational axis 356. Each vertex 322 of tube 312 may have either a tab 362 or channel 364 running the length of vertex 322. Each vertex 322 of tube 316 may have a channel 366 or tab 368 running the length of vertex 322 and corresponding to each tab 362 or channel 364 of tube 312.
Tubes 312 and 316 may be made of metal, wood, plastic, ceramic, or any other material capable of substantially retaining the forms of the tubes 312 and 316.
In operation, tube 312 rotates about axis 352 in angular direction 372. Tube 316 rotates about its axis 356, at substantially the same rate as tube 312 but in angular direction 376 substantially opposite angular direction 372. As tubes 312 and 316 rotate, they hinge at their respective vertices 322. If tube 312 has one or more tabs 362 or channels 364, and tube 316 has one or more channels 366 or tabs 368, then the hinging of vertices 322 is assisted by the fact that each tab 362 or channel 364 of tube 312 interfaces with each corresponding channel 366 or tube 368 of tube 316, in order to keep each vertex 322 of tube 312 temporarily hinged upon each corresponding vertex 322 of tube 316, as tubes 312 and 316 rotate. As tubes 312 and 316 rotate, they remain in contact with each other, such that each surface 342 temporarily comes continuously substantially flat against a corresponding surface 342 of tube 316, then separates from corresponding surface 342 of tube 316. Simultaneously, axes 352 and 356 alternately move together when corresponding surfaces 342 come together; and axes 352 and 356 move apart from each other when corresponding surfaces 342 separate from each other.
It should be noted that the shape of the tubes along vertexes can be formed to have interlocking surfaces such as one or more tabs and channels to create the inter-operating hinging action described above with respect to
Tube 412 also has a central longitudinal rotational axis 452, and tube 416 has a central longitudinal! rotational axis 456. Each vertex 422 of tube 412 may have either a tab 462 or channel 464 running the length of vertex 422. Each vertex 422 of tube 416 may have a channel 466 or tab 468 running the length of vertex 422 and corresponding to each tab 462 or channel 464 of tube 412.
In operation, tube 412 rotates about axis 452 in angular direction 472. Tube 416 rotates about its axis 456, at substantially the same rate as tube 412 but in angular direction 476 substantially opposite angular direction 472. As tubes 412 and 416 rotate, they hinge at their respective vertices 422. If tube 412 has one or more tabs 462 or channels 464, and tube 416 has one or more channels 466 or tabs 468, then the hinging of vertices 422 may be assisted by the fact that each tab 462 or channel 464 of tube 412 interfaces with each corresponding channel 466 or tube 468 of tube 416, in order to keep each vertex 422 of tube 412 temporarily hinged upon each corresponding vertex 422 of tube 416, as tubes 412 and 416 rotate. As tubes 412 and 416 rotate, they remain in contact with other, such that each surface 442 continuously temporarily comes substantially flat against a corresponding surface 442 of tube 416, then separates from corresponding surface 442 of tube 416. Simultaneously, axes 452 and 456 alternately move together when corresponding surfaces 442 come together; and axes 452 and 456 move apart from each other when corresponding surfaces 442 separate from each other.
The outer surfaces of the panels may be covered with a thin layer of lightweight resilient material such as urethane foam rubber to both reduce the shock associated with the panel surfaces coming together and to reduce air leakage at the vertices when these structures are contacting each other.
A consideration of using tubes with three or more surfaces instead of panels is that, with more sides on each tube, the pressure differentials produced in operation may be less than with fewer sides. If the number of surfaces is increased to infinity, the tubes become cylinders, which without surface irregularities may produce essentially no pressure differential.
As with the panels of
Referring now to
The gears shown in
Referring now to
As shown, the wing panels rotate in directions 624 and 626 opposite each other as controlled by the counter-rotating wheels. Because the wheels are mechanically engaged, the wing panels are rotated in precisely the same, yet opposite, position.
Referring now to
Referring now to
Each tube 801 has four panels 811,812,813,814. The tubes are caused to counter-rotate in a “separation-at-the-top” manner similar to the embodiment of
Referring now to
During each revolution, the cross-sectional shape of the tube transforms successively from a substantially square shape as shown in the top portion 850 of
In order to allow the transformation of the shape of each tube, each individual panel 812 is hingedly connect along one long lateral edge 817 by a hinge 818 to the long lateral edge of an adjacent panel 813. Its other, opposite long lateral edge (not shown), is similarly connected to the other adjacent panel 814. Each of the four panels is connected in a likewise manner to its adjacent panels. A oblong, rigid bracing spoke 831 hingedly connects at a first end to a hinge 833 connected to a median portion of panel 812, and at an opposite end to a hinge 836 connected to the opposite panel 814. Further the spoke swivellingly connects to the axle 803. A similar bracing spoke 832 connects the other panels 811,813 to each other and to the axle
Referring now to the left hand tube 801 in
In a first position wherein the panels of two tubes 801,802 contact along their flat surfaces, the crank 845 is located in an angular orientation which causes full extension of the rod. As the left hand tube rotates counter-clockwise ⅛ of a revolution (45 degrees), the crank rotates in the opposite, clockwise direction ⅜ of a revolution (135 degrees) so that the rod is oriented at its minimum extension causing the vertex to move toward the axle and form the overall diamond shape to the tube. Further counter clockwise rotation of the tube by another 45 degrees and clockwise rotation of the crank by 135 degrees brings the tube back into its square cross-sectional configuration.
It should be noted that the crank can be rotated in the same direction as the tube but would then need to pass through a correspondingly greater arc, namely, 225 degrees.
The length of the rod is selected to cause the proper transformation of the tube throughout its range of rotational motion. Preferably, measured in the square configuration, if one half the width of the square tube is x, then the length of the rod is x times (21/2+((21/2-1)/2)). Additional connecting rods can be used to enhance balance and strength of the mechanism at the expense of weight.
It should be appreciated that the cross-sectional shape of the transformable tube can be characterized as a parallelogram where opposite panels remain parallel to each other regardless of the tube's rotational orientation.
In this embodiment a four panel tube is preferred because a three panel tube would not allow the same type of transformation, and a tube having more than four panels would correspondingly reduce panel displacement and pressures during each stroke.
Referring now to
Although the presently described embodiments constitute applicant's current best mode to practice the invention, it is anticipated that further refinements could improve overall apparatus performance. The use of sprocket wheels and drive chains to clearly describe some parts of the invention can be accomplished by equivalent and often superior structures such as direct drive shafts and gearing without departing from the scope of the invention. Indeed, those skilled in the art will likely appreciate many common mechanical adaptations to reduce bulkiness and weight.
The present invention is in no way intended to be restricted to the description and drawings used to explain the several embodiments of the rotating wing apparatus of the present invention. The rotating wing apparatus of the present invention as described herein is not limited for use in craft, but should be extended to any equivalent inventions, such as for example, in the use of toys and educational devices.
While several different embodiments of the rotating wing apparatus of the present invention are disclosed herein, it is to be appreciated that the present invention contemplates combinations of the various embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Also, it is also to be appreciated that while various elements of the rotating wing apparatus of the present invention have been referred to as the “first” and “second” of such rotating wing apparatus of the present invention of the present invention, no specific configuration, order, or preference is intended. Rather, the “first” and “second” nomenclature as used herein is merely for the purposes of facilitating the description. Further, the rotating wing apparatus of the present invention as described herein may comprise more than two panels, tubes, etc, to form a more complex or more powerful apparatus.
While the preferred embodiment of the invention has been described, modifications can be made and other embodiments may be devised without departing from the spirit of the invention and the scope of the appended claims.
Claims
1. A counter-rotating fluid-propelling apparatus, comprising:
- a first planar wing panel having a longitudinal edge;
- a second planar wing panel having a longitudinal edge;
- a means for longitudinally rotating said first planar wing panel in a first rotational direction;
- a means for longitudinally rotating said second planar wing panel in a direction opposite said first rotational direction; and
- a means for retaining said first planar wing and said second planar wing together during said rotation wherein said longitudinal edges of said first and said second planar wing panel.
2. The counter-rotating fluid-propelling apparatus of claim 1, wherein said first and second planar wing panel are rectangular.
3. The counter-rotating fluid-propelling apparatus of claim 1, wherein said first and second planar wing panel have a triangular cross-section.
4. The counter-rotating fluid-propelling apparatus of claim 1, wherein said first and second planar wing panel have a rectangular cross-section.
5. The counter-rotating fluid-propelling apparatus of claim 1, wherein said means for longitudinally rotating said first planar wing panel in a first rotational direction comprises a gear rotated by a motor; and said means for longitudinally rotating said second planar wing panel in a direction opposite said first rotational direction comprises a take-off gear from said first gear rotated by said motor.
6. The counter-rotating fluid-propelling apparatus of claim 5, wherein said motor is an electric motor.
7. The counter-rotating fluid-propelling apparatus of claim 5, wherein said motor is a gasoline-powered motor.
8. The counter-rotating fluid-propelling apparatus of claim 1, wherein said means for retaining said first and second planar wing together comprises a gear-driven wheel wherein said wheel is mechanically engaged to said panels by a chain drive mechanism.
9. The counter-rotating fluid-propelling apparatus of claim 8, wherein said chain drive mechanism maintains the angular rotation of each planar wing.
10. A counter-rotating fluid-propelling apparatus comprising:
- a chassis;
- a first and second lever arm having a fixed end and a distal end, wherein said fixed end is rotatably attached to said chassis;
- a drive wheel for each lever arm and attached to said chassis and having a pin passing through a pivot point in said drive wheel wherein said drive wheel is rotated causing said lever arms to pivot from a first configuration wherein said lever arms are substantially parallel, to a second configuration wherein said lever arms are at an angle to each other;
- a wing panel attached to each lever arm at said distal end; and
- a means for rotating said wing panel in conjunction with said drive wheels wherein said wing panels are maintained in physical contact with each other.
11. The counter-rotating fluid-propelling apparatus of claim 10, wherein said means for rotating said wing panel comprises a motor.
12. The counter-rotating fluid-propelling apparatus of claim 10, wherein said means for rotating said wing panel comprises an engine.
Type: Application
Filed: Sep 11, 2007
Publication Date: Aug 19, 2010
Inventor: Phillip Createman (Jamul, CA)
Application Number: 12/440,915
International Classification: F04D 29/26 (20060101);