TRAILING GROWTH HABIT IN IMPATIENS

Abstract

The instant invention relates to an Impatiens plant having a trailing growth habit during its vegetative and generative growth phase. The invention particularly relates to such plants belonging to the African group of ornamental Impatiens. The invention further relates to pollen, seed and sexual as well as asexual progeny of such plants, to methods for obtaining Impatiens plants with a trailing growth habit, to methods for propagating said plants and to uses of said plants.

Description

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a divisional of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/051,278, filed Feb. 4, 2005, which claims the benefit of GB 0402658.9, filed Feb. 6, 2004. The above applications are incorporated herein by reference in their entireties.

The instant invention relates to an Impatiens plant having a trailing growth habit during its vegetative and generative growth phase. The invention particularly relates to such plants belonging to the African group of ornamental Impatiens. The invention further relates to pollen, seed and sexual as well as asexual progeny of such plants, to methods for obtaining Impatiens plants with a trailing growth habit, to methods for propagating said plants and to uses of said plants.

The genus Impatiens belongs to the family Balsaminaceae and is comprised of about 1000 species of annual or perennial herbs or sub-shrubs, which are widely distributed in the tropics and subtropics of Asia and Africa. Numerous representatives of this genus are cultivated as ornamental plants and several are of significant commercial importance. Most of the commercial Impatiens cultivars are derived either from the group of the New Guinea Impatiens or from the African Impatiens. For commercial production, New Guinea Impatiens are usually propagated asexually by cuttings while the African Impatiens can be propagated sexually by seed or asexually by cuttings.

I. walleriana, commonly known as Touch-Me-Not or Busy Lizzy, is of particularly high commercial interest. It belongs to the African Impatiens and is widely used as annual ornamental plant for bedding, pot culture and hanging baskets. I. walleriana is a species aggregate of about nine species of rather succulent perennial plants which are native of East Tropical Africa. The plants are widespread and occur in a number of localities from southeast Kenya to Mozambique and southern Malawi. They are generally variable, ca. 30-70(−80) cm tall with simple or branched, thick, fleshy, pale green stems which are occasionally rooting at the lower nodes (C. Grey-Wilson, Impatiens of Africa, A. A. Balkema, Rotterdam, 1980).

I. usambarensis is a rather robust, up to 2 m tall, upright growing plant which is native of the Usambara Mountains in Tanzania. I. usambarensis has no commercial significance. The habitats and distribution areas of I. usambarensis and I. walleriana are partially overlapping and naturally occurring interspecific hybrids have been described (C. Grey-Wilson, Impatiens of Africa, A. A. Balkema, Rotterdam, 1980), although crosses of cultivated plants generally do not yield viable seeds.

A trailing growth habit is a highly desired trait for commercial ornamental Impatiens plants. However, far most commercial Impatiens cultivars grow upright and do not show trailing characteristics. From the New Guinea Group of ornamental Impatiens only plants with a semi-procumbent or procumbent growth habit are known, e.g. from US PP5,132; US PP 5,134 and US PP 4,262. New Guinea Impatiens plants reported in the art to exhibit a trailing-type growth habit are either more similar to those of the semi-procumbent New Guinea Impatiens (US PP 7,098) or loose the would-be trailing characteristic after the transition to the generative growth phase (WO 01/47349 and US2002/0138883 A1).

It is thus desirable to provide a real and lasting trailing growth habit in a broad range of species and cultivars of ornamental Impatiens, wherein the trailing growth habit is preferably also maintained after the transition to flowering, throughout the generative growth of the plants. Such plants extend the spectrum of possible uses of ornamental Impatiens in the gardening industry and are more appealing to the consumer.

The main objective of the invention is therefore to provide an ornamental Impatiens plant having a trailing growth habit during its vegetative and generative growth phase. Another objective of the invention is to provide a trailing Impatiens plant belonging to the African group of ornamental Impatiens. A further objective of the invention is to provide methods for obtaining plants according to the invention.

Within the meaning of the present invention, a trailing growth habit is a growth habit of a plant, wherein the stems and lateral branches of the plant grow in predominantly horizontal orientation. The trailing type plant according to the invention may, optionally, also shows a high degree of branching which is usually higher than that found in non-trailing type cultivars. If grown in the confinement of a plant container, the plant will extend over the container and, when reaching the edge of the container, also grow towards the ground. The internodes of a trailing-type plant according to the invention may optionally comprise adventitious roots, which are especially built at positions where the internodes get into contact with the substrate. Under favourable environmental conditions, herein after referred to as rooting conditions, the formation of adventitious roots is enhanced and may also occur without contact to the substrate.

Rooting conditions within the meaning of the present invention are characterised by moist substrate and temperatures of between 14° C. to 30° C., specifically of between 16° C. to 25° C., more specifically of between 17° C. to 22° C., but especially of between 18° C. to 20° C. The night temperatures should not go below 14° C. and the air humidity under the plants should be in a range of between 65% and 100%, but specifically between 70% to 100%, more specifically between 85% to 95% and even more specifically between 85% to 90%.

If grown in the field under the above rooting conditions the trailing habit becomes even more pronounced. Adventitious roots enhance the capacity of water and nutrient uptake and enable the plant to grow more vigorously and at a higher rate and, thus, to stretch out more rapidly than non-trailing plants.

The present invention relates to an Impatiens plant having a trailing growth habit, wherein the trailing growth habit is maintained during the generative growth of the plant.

A specific embodiment of the invention relates to an Impatiens plant having a trailing growth habit, wherein the trailing growth habit is maintained during the generative growth of the plant, and wherein the plant is belonging to the species Impatiens walleriana.

In a further embodiment the plant according to the invention has a high degree of lateral branching which is substantially higher than that found in non-trailing type cultivars, even in cases wherein both plants have otherwise a similar genetic background.

By “substantially higher”, the number of branches in a trailing type plant according the invention is meant to be at least about 1.3 times, especially at least about 1.9 times, specifically between about 1.3 and about 2.5 times, more specifically between about 1.8 and about 2.2 times, but especially between about 1.9 and about 2.1 times higher than that found in a non-trailing type cultivar, which otherwise has a similar genetic background, especially if plants are cultivated under commercial conditions.

In a further embodiment the trailing plant according to the invention, when grown under commercial conditions, has at least about 1.5 times, specifically at least about 2.0 times, but typically between about 1.5 to about 3.5 times, specifically between about 1.6 to about 2.5 times, and more specifically about 2.5 times more flowers than a reference plant having a non-trailing growth habit, wherein both plants have otherwise a similar genetic background.

Within the meaning of the present invention, a plant with a “similar genetic background” refers to a plant, that is genetically closely related to a plant according to the invention and may be a parent in the pedigree of a plant according to the invention. such as, for example, CAJUN® or IMPULSE®.

In a further embodiment of the invention, the lateral shoots or branches are capable of forming adventitious roots at their internodes, especially when getting into contact with the substrate.

In a further embodiment the trailing plant according to the invention, is obtainable from a cross, wherein at least one of the parents is Impatiens usambarensis×walleriana.

In a specific embodiment the plant according to the invention has between about 14 and about 17 weeks, especially between about 15 and about 16 weeks, but specifically about 16 weeks after sowing a ratio between plant height and plant diameter, which is less than about 0.39, but typically between about 0.3 and about 0.4, specifically between about 0.3 and about 0.38, and more especially between about 0.3 and about 0.33, if plants are grown in the confinement of a plant container. For plants grown in the field for about 14 and about 17 weeks, especially between about 15 and about 16 weeks, but specifically about 16 and about 17 weeks after planting, the ratio between plant height and plant diameter is less than about 0.36, but typically between about 0.15 and about 0.35, specifically between about 0.20 and about 0.30, more specifically between about 0.20 and about 0.28, but especially about 0.23.

In a further embodiment the trailing plant according to the invention, when cultivated for 16 weeks under commercial conditions, comprises up to about two times more branches than a reference plant having a non-trailing growth habit, wherein both plants have otherwise a similar genetic background.

In a further embodiment the trailing plant according to the invention, when grown for between about 14 and about 17 weeks, especially for between about 15 and about 16 weeks, but specifically for about 16 weeks under commercial conditions, comprises about 1.5 to about 3.5 times more flowers than a reference plant having a non-trailing growth habit, even in cases wherein both plants have otherwise a similar genetic background such as, for example, CAJUN® or IMPULSE®.

In a specific embodiment the plant according to the invention has between about 14 and about 17 weeks, especially between about 15 and about 16 weeks, but specifically about 16 weeks after sowing a ratio between plant height and plant diameter, which is less than about 0.45 and comprises at least about 1.3 times more branches than a reference plant having a non-trailing growth habit, wherein both plants have otherwise a similar genetic background such as, for example, CAJUN® or IMPULSE®.

In a specific embodiment the plant according to the invention has between about 14 and about 17 weeks, especially between about 15 and about 16 weeks, but specifically about 16 weeks after sowing a ratio between plant height and plant diameter, which is less than about 0.45 and comprises at least about 1.5 times more flowers than a reference plant having a non-trailing growth habit, wherein both plants have otherwise a similar genetic background such as, for example, CAJUN® or IMPULSE®.

In a further embodiment the trailing plant according to the invention has a flower colour pattern selected from the group consisting of single colour, bicolour and striped.

In a further embodiment the trailing plant according to the invention has a double flower. In a specific embodiment the trailing Impatiens walleriana plant according to the invention is typified by Impatiens walleriana JN 215 which was deposited at NCIMB Ltd. under accession number NCIMB 41210 on Feb. 5, 2004.

A further embodiment of the invention are sexual progeny of trailing Impatiens plants, including seed, of a plant according to the invention.

A further embodiment of the invention is pollen, ovule or embryo of trailing Impatiens plants according to the invention.

A further embodiment of the invention is a method of introgressing a trailing growth habit into a plant of the species Impatiens walleriana comprising the steps of

• • a) generating a cross between Impatiens usambarensis×walleriana and I. walleriana;
  • b) rescuing a viable embryo resulting from the cross of step a);
  • c) regenerating the rescued embryo of step b) into a plant;
  • d) backcrossing said regenerated plant or a sexual or asexual progeny of said plant with Impatiens walleriana, wherein this step may optionally be repeated at least once;
  • e) selecting a plant having a trailing growth habit from the plants obtained by backcrossing in step d) or from sexual or asexual progeny of such plants.

A further embodiment of the invention is a method of selecting trailing Impatiens walleriana plants according to the invention comprising the steps of

• • a) growing back crossed Impatiens walleriana plants obtained in step d) above or sexual or asexual progeny thereof in rows in a field, wherein the distance between the rows is at least 80 cm; and
  • b) selecting an individual plant or a group of plants which is capable of covering the free area between the rows significantly faster than the average of all plants grown in step a).

A further embodiment of the invention is an Impatiens walleriana plant having a trailing growth habit which is obtainable by a method as described above.

A further embodiment of the invention is a method of producing seed of a plant having a trailing growth habit comprising the steps of

• • a) obtaining a trailing plant according to the invention;
  • b) allowing said plant of step a) to i) self-pollinate or ii) sib pollinate or iii) cross-pollinate; and
  • c) harvesting seed resulting from step b).

A further embodiment of the invention is a method of producing a plant having a trailing growth habit comprising the steps of

• • a) obtaining a trailing plant according to the invention; and
  • b) asexually propagating said plant of step a).

A further embodiment of the invention is a method of producing a plant having a trailing growth habit comprising the steps of

• • a) planting a seed of a trailing plant according to the invention; and
  • b) growing said plant of step a).

In one embodiment, said seed planted in step a) above is planted in a container or in a field.

A further embodiment of the invention is the use of a plant according to the invention for creating an ornamental arrangement.

A specific embodiment of the invention is the use of a plant according to the invention for creating an ornamental arrangement in a hanging basket.

A specific embodiment of the invention is the use of a plant according to the invention for creating an ornamental arrangement, wherein said plant is combined with at least one medium fast growing ornamental plant.

A further embodiment of the invention is an ornamental arrangement comprising a plant according to the invention.

A further embodiment of the invention is an ornamental arrangement in a hanging basket comprising a plant according to the invention.

Trailing Impatiens plants according to the invention can be obtained from crosses within the genus Impatiens, especially from crosses between African and New Guinea Impatiens. In a further embodiment, the Impatiens plants according to the invention can be obtained from crosses between species or hybrids belonging to the African group of Impatiens. In a specific embodiment of the invention, trailing Impatiens plants are obtainable from a cross between the naturally occurring hybrid I. usambarensis×walleriana and ornamental I. walleriana, wherein both crossing partners can be used as male or as female parent.

In Impatiens, interspecific crosses or crosses involving interspecific hybrids often result in an abort of the embryo, especially when the parent plants are of a different geographic origin. Viable embryos resulting from such crosses can be rescued by methods generally known in the art and germinated in vitro. Methods for embryo rescue, which are specifically optimised for Impatiens were described by T. Arisumi (J. Amer. Soc. Hart. Sci. 105(5):629-631, 1980).

Though progeny obtained by embryo rescue are often sterile and can then only be propagated asexually by cuttings, it is also possible to find fertile plants among them, which set seed after self-pollination or which can be used as either male or female parent in a cross with another Impatiens plant.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention the naturally occurring interspecific hybrid I. usambarensis×I. walleriana is crossed with I. walleriana and sexual progeny of the F1 plants resulting from said cross are obtained by self-pollination. The resulting F2 plants or sexual or asexual progeny thereof are grown in the field and are selected for a trailing growth habit. In a preferred embodiment the F2 plants or sexual or asexual progeny thereof are grown in the field in rows, wherein the distance between the rows is at least 80 cm. Trailing plants typically stay lower than non-trailing plants. Furthermore, trailing plants are capable of covering the free area between the rows significantly faster than the average of all plants grown in the row and can thus be efficiently selected.

The selected plants having a trailing growth habit can then be further propagated sexually or asexually by methods generally known in the art.

In a preferred embodiment the selected plants having a trailing growth habit are crossed to other Impatiens plants with a desired genetic background, preferentially to ornamental Impatiens cultivars. Trailing plants are then selected among the progeny and, optionally, the resulting F1 plants are backcrossed to one of the parent plants, preferably to the ornamental Impatiens cultivar, or self-pollinated.

Trailing ornamental Impatiens lines, hybrids or cultivars for asexual propagation can be obtained from such material by applying breeding and selection schemes generally known in the art.

It is well known to the skilled person, that the choice of the plant material which is crossed to the trailing material of the invention is generally determinative for the phenotypic characteristics of the progeny, for example for features like leaf colour, flower colour and flower type. Trailing monochrome, bicolour or striped Impatiens plants or Impatiens plants having a double flower can be obtained by backcrossing trailing plants with an inbred line having said features as the recurrent parent.

In a specific embodiment of the invention, the resulting F1 plants are crossed with the recurrent parent one or several times to replace more of the genome of the Impatiens parent providing the trailing habit trait, particularly between 80% to 99.5% of the genome, more particularly between 90% and 99% of the genome, but especially between 95% and 98% of the genome. In every generation, the presence or absence of the trailing trait must be determined. Due to the growth characteristic of the plants expressing the trailing trait, the presence or absence of this trait in the progeny plants can be easily detected by visual scoring.

After the last backcross generation a selfing step is required.

In another embodiment the trailing plants are backcrossed with Impatiens plants belonging to the African group of ornamental Impatiens, more specifically to I. walleriana.

Trailing Impatiens plants according to the invention can be crossed with plants belonging to colour series of Impatiens plants, which are already well established on the market, allowing to establish a similar colour series of trailing Impatiens plants. Examples for colour series of I. walleriana cultivars with monochrome flower are CAJUN® or IMPULSE®, examples for cultivars having a bicolour flower are “Florette Star” and examples for cultivars having a double flower with an enhanced number of petals are “Fiesta” (S & G Ornamental Flowers Catalogue 2004).

Trailing Impatiens plants according to the invention can also be crossed with plants having a striped colour patter as described in WO0042837. This colour pattern is described for New Guinea Impatiens Electra Tie Dye (U.S. Pat. No. 6,353,162) but it is also found in I. walleriana.

In another embodiment, trailing Impatiens plants according to the invention are crossed to related Impatiens plants of a different geographic origin. If required, viable embryos of such crosses can be rescued and regenerated in vitro applying methods generally known in the art. In case where the in vitro germinated plant is sterile, it can be propagated asexually, e.g. by cuttings. In a preferred embodiment, the trailing plant belongs to the African group of ornamental Impatiens, preferably to I. walleriana and the related crossing partner of different geographic origin belongs to the New Guinea group of Impatiens. In another preferred embodiment, said New Guinea Impatiens has flowers with an enhanced number of petals, e.g. a double flower. In another preferred embodiment, said New Guinea Impatiens has striped flowers.

Trailing Impatiens plants according to the invention generally have a stronger growth vigour than non-trailing Impatiens plants, when grown under the same conditions. This may be due to their ability to form adventitious roots at the internodes of lateral branches, a trait which is often correlated with the trailing growth habit. Adventitious roots enhance the capacity of water and nutrient uptake and enable the plant to grow at a higher rate and, thus, to stretch out more rapidly than non-trailing plants. Trailing Impatiens plants are therefore capable of covering a planting container in shorter time than non-trailing, upright growing plants and allow to reduce cultivation time and production costs. Another advantage of plants with a trailing growth habit is that they begin to flower earlier and have more flowers than non-trailing plants grown under the same conditions, especially during the early growth stages. This allows the gardener to sell attractive plants in a very young stage. In bedding use the time required to cover the entire soil surface is lower and the number of plants per area can be reduced when plants with a trailing growth habit are chosen instead of non-trailing plants.

A trailing growth habit according to the invention, which is not only present during the vegetative growth phase but which is maintained also after the transition to flowering, throughout the generative growth phase, is of particular value for gardening industry, because the favourable characteristics of trailing plants are maintained also during the growth of the plant at the end-customer. Trailing Impatiens plants according to the invention thus extend the spectrum of possible uses of Impatiens plants for gardeners. They are capable of entirely covering a hanging basket from all sides, including the bottom, after relatively short cultivation time, what can not be achieved with upright growing plants. Due to their enhanced growth vigour trailing Impatiens plants can be combined with other ornamental plants in ornamental arrangements, while Impatiens plants with non-trailing growth habit and have a lower growth vigour, are therefore usually less competitive and tend to be overgrown by other plants. Trailing Impatiens plants according to the invention can, for example, be combined with medium strong growing species, such as Bidens solaire compact (Bidtis), Lobelia (Laguna), Sanvitalia (Cuzco), Begonia Maribel, Verbena cuttings (Babylon/Tukana), Argyranthemum (Molimba), Fuchsia hybrids and Scaevola (Saphira/Whirlwind).

Due to their unique characteristics, trailing ornamental Impatiens plants according to the invention extend the spectrum of possible uses of Impatiens in commercial gardening. Under commercial conditions non-trailing Impatiens plants are typically cultivated for 10-12 weeks in a greenhouse until they are ready for sale.

The term “commercial conditions” hereinafter refers to growth conditions which are typically found in a greenhouse in which Impatiens plants are produced for commercial purposes such as those described, for example, in Vic Ball, Ball Red Book, 16th Edition, Ball Publishing, Batavia Ill. (1998).

Impatiens plants are ready for sale when the plant has filled the pot and is showing flowers.

Trailing ornamental Impatiens plants according to the invention are typically earlier ready for sale than non-trailing plants with a similar genetic background. Thus, trailing Impatiens plants allow to reduce cultivation time and production costs. Alternatively, trailing ornamental Impatiens plants according to the invention have significantly more flowers than non-trailing plants cultivated under the same conditions, allowing the gardener to sell a more attractive product. In a preferred embodiment of the invention trailing Impatiens plants have 1.5-2.5 times more flowers than non-trailing plants when cultivated for 16 weeks under commercial conditions. More preferably, trailing plants have about 1.5-3.5 times more flowers than non-trailing plants.

Trailing Impatiens plants according to the invention are further characterised by a larger plant diameter and a lower plant height than non-trailing Impatiens plants. About 16 weeks after sowing the ratio between plant height and plant diameter is less than 0.39, but typically between 0.3 and 0.4, specifically between 0.3 and 0.38, and especially between 0.3 and 0.33, if plants are grown in the confinement of a plant container. For plants grown in the field for between 14 and 17 weeks, especially between 15 and 16 weeks, but specifically between 16 and 17 weeks after planting, the ratio between plant height and plant diameter is less than 0.36, but specifically between 0.15 and 0.35, more specifically between 0.20 and 0.30, even more specifically between 0.20 and 0.28, but especially 0.23. Furthermore, trailing Impatiens plants according to the invention have more branches than non-trailing plants. The number of branches of trailing plants grown for 16 weeks under commercial conditions is at least 1.3 times, especially at least 1.9 times, but typically between 1.3 and 2.5 times, specifically between 1.8 and 2.2 times, but especially between 1.9 and 2.1 times higher than the number of branches of non-trailing plants.

All references cited herein are incorporated by reference in the application in their entireties.

EXAMPLES

The following examples are intended to provide illustrations of the application of the present invention. The following examples are not intended to completely define or otherwise limit the scope of the invention.

Example 1

Seeds of an accession of I. usambarensis×walleriana which was cultivated from a wild collection from Tanzania, were obtained from the Royal Botanical Garden Edinburgh under accession no. RBGE 19821569. The material was cultivated and crossed to I. walleriana, wherein RBGE 19821569 was used as the female parent and I. walleriana as the male parent.

The following I. walleriana genotypes were used as pollinators: E1329-1, G2171-1, G2129-1, J475-2, G2099-1 and H1636-1. Embryos resulting from these crosses were rescued and germinated in vitro following the protocol of T. Arisumi (J. Amer. Soc. Hart. Sci. 105(5):629-631, 1980). In particular, the embryos were obtained between 6 and 12 days after pollination and cultured in a MS medium. A B5 medium supplemented with 4 g/l sucrose was used to start rooting of the embryos.

The germination frequency of the rescued embryos (F1 generation) was typically between 0.0 and 13.5%. The F1 plants were grown in containers in the greenhouse and F2 seeds were obtained from fertile plants upon self pollination. In the following year, the F2 generation was grown in the field and an F3 generation was generated from self-pollination and sister-crosses.

Example 2

The F3 generation of Example 1 was grown in the field in rows with at least 80 cm distance and plants with a trailing growth habit were selected. Trailing plants were sexually propagated by self-pollination or sister-crosses and the progeny were subjected to further selection in the year after. Selected plants with a trailing growth habit were then repeatedly crossed to I. walleriana.

The trailing growth habit was observed first in the F3 generation. Most of the selected plants with trailing growth habit originate from the crosses RBGE 19821569×G2171-1 and RBGE 19821569×J475-2.

Seed of an I. walleriana JN215 resulting from these crosses and comprising a trailing growth habit which is representative for the trailing plants of the invention were deposited under Budapest Treaty with NCIMB Ltd., 23 St. Machar Drive, Aberdeen AB24 3RY under accession number NCIMB 41210 on Feb. 5, 2004.

Furthermore, trailing ornamental I. walleriana plants in various colours and with different genetic background have been obtained as indicated in Table 1.

TABLE 1
Genetic background of I. walleriana plants of different
colour, with introgressed trailing trait.
				parent with genetics from cross
Genotype	Colour	Family	Grand Parents	with RBGE 19821569 (F446)
V4420	orange	N2233	K5218 × L38	K5218 = F446 × E348
V4442	pink	P1692	K5207 × N1556	K5207 = F446 × F566
V4464	violet	Q1269	N2921 × N2920	N2921 = N2204 × N2205
V4473	lavender	R2932	N2194 × N2195	N2204 = K5207 × L38
				N2205 = K5207 × H 420
				N2920 = N2203 × N2233
				N2203 = K5207 × K97
				N2233 = K5218 × L38
				N2194 = K5207 × H351
				N2195 = K5207 × K86

Example 3

Hybrid Cajun salmon, non-trailing, and hybrid JN215, trailing, were grown in a greenhouse under conditions essentially corresponding to commercial conditions. Seedlings of the trial plants were transplanted into containers (9 cm pot) with a standard substrate (Jongkind 3 Dklei) during the 3^rd week after sowing. Trailing and non-trailing plants were cultivated next to each other to ensure the comparability of the results. The plants were regularly supplied with standard fertilizer, the temperature was ca. 20° C. during day time and 18° C. during the night. The daylight was supplemented from 07.00-19:00 with 40 W/m² when the intensity of the daylight was below 20 W/m².

Plants were spaced when they were touching one another. Of both entries 22 plants were grown.

The diameter and height of the plants was recorded 14 weeks after sowing. The results are shown in table 2

TABLE 2
Comparison of morphological parameters of non-trailing and trailing I. walleriana
plants 14 weeks after sowing, plants were grown in a 9 cm pot.
				plant	plant
		No.	No.	diameter	height	height/
	Genotype	branches	flowers	[cm]	[cm]	diameter
non-trailing	average	8.5	14	22	8.8	0.39
Cajun salmon	std. dev.	1.15	3.42	3.23	1.11
trailing	average	18	34.32	35.09	11	0.3
JN215	std. dev.	1.13	3.25	2.81	0.9
	trailing/non-	2.12	2.45	1.60	1.25	0.77
	trailing

Example 4

A trial was conducted with different genotypes, wherein 6 individuals of each genotype of the trailing Impatiens plants of Table 1 were grown in a greenhouse under conditions essentially corresponding to commercial conditions and compared to non-trailing plants having the same colours as the trailing plants and a similar genetic background.

The trial was conducted with 6 individuals per colour of the trailing plants and 8 individuals per colour of the non-trailing plants.

Seedlings of the trial plants were transplanted into containers with a standard substrate (Jongkind 3 Dklei) during the 3^rd week after sawing. Trailing and non-trailing plants were cultivated next to each other to ensure the comparability of the results.

The plants were regularly supplied with standard fertilizer, the temperature was ca. 20° C. during day time and 18° C. during the night. The daylight was supplemented from 07.00-19:00 with 40 W/m² when the intensity of the daylight was below 20 W/m².

In the 16^th week after sowing, after the non-trailing plants had reached the maturity for sale, the number of branches, the number of flowers, the length of the branches, the diameter and the height of the plants were recorded for each individual plant. The averages of the results for each genotype and the grand averages and standard deviation for trailing and non-trailing plants are summarised in Table 3.

TABLE 3
Comparison of morphological parameters of non-trailing and trailing I. walleriana
plants with different genetic background, 16 weeks after sowing. Given
are the averages of the individuals per genotype and the grand averages
and standard deviations for non-trailing and trailing plants.
				length	plant	plant
		No.	No.	branches	diameter	height	height/
	Genotype	branches	flowers	[cm]	[cm]	[cm]	diameter
non-trailing	4260	5.4	15.5	8.8	15.1	8.5	0.58
	4290	5.1	10.3	8.6	14.6	10.0	0.70
	4294	5.1	12.4	8.3	15.5	10.0	0.71
	4315	4.8	14.6	9.5	19.8	8.8	0.45
	average	5.1	13.2	8.8	16.3	9.3	0.61
	std. dev.	0.3	2.4	0.5	2.4	0.8	0.12
trailing	V4420	9.7	24.0	6.3	18.2	7.3	0.41
	V4442	10.0	36.0	8.3	21.0	7.5	0.36
	V4464	8.0	32.8	7.7	22.0	9.2	0.43
	V4473	12.0	36.8	7.5	22.8	7.5	0.33
	average	9.9	32.4	7.5	21.0	7.9	0.38
	std. dev.	1.6	5.9	0.8	2.0	0.9	0.04
	trailing/non-	1.9	2.5	0.8	1.3	0.8	0.62
	trailing

These measurements were repeated in the 20^th week after sowing. These results are summarised in Table 4.

TABLE 4
Comparison of morphological parameters of non-trailing and trailing
I. walleriana plants with different genetic background, 20 weeks
after sowing. Given are the averages of the individuals per genotype
and the averages and standard deviations across the genotypes.
				length	plant	plant
		No.	No.	branches	diameter	height	height/
	Genotype	branches	flowers	[cm]	[cm]	[cm]	diameter
normal	4260	6.0	10.4	9.5	21.9	9.4	0.43
type	4290	5.8	6.8	10.1	21.1	10.1	0.48
	4294	5.8	5.4	9.9	23.9	8.3	0.35
	4315	6.0	6.8	10.0	24.1	7.1	0.30
	average	5.9	7.3	9.9	22.8	8.7	0.39
	std. dev.	0.1	2.1	0.3	1.5	1.3	0.08
trailing	V4420	6.8	7.0	9.0	22.7	8.2	0.36
type	V4442	7.3	10.3	10.2	25.2	7.2	0.29
	V4464	7.0	12.8	11.2	25.8	9.0	0.36
	V4473	10.0	16.3	10.7	27.0	8.3	0.32
	average	7.8	11.6	10.3	25.2	8.2	0.33
	std. dev.	1.5	3.9	0.9	1.8	0.8	0.03
	trailing/	1.3	1.6	1.0	1.1	0.9	0.84
	normal

The differences in the height/diameter ratio between normal, non-trailing type cultivars and the trailing type plants according to the invention appear to be less pronounced 20 weeks after sowing. The reason is that plants should have already been spaced out at this point in time. Because of the vigorous growth, the trailing type plants are growing too close to each other. When they touch each other, they stop growing horizontally, which impacts the height/diameter ratio. Also affected is branching and flower set, both of which are lower than expected.

Example 5

In order to overcome the limitations of the “20 week after sowing” experiment described in Example 4, the plants were grown in the field such that any physical limitations impacting horizontal growth and/or branching and flowering of the plants were removed. Plants of I. walleriana were raised in the greenhouse in a 12 cm pot and planted in the field 12 weeks after the start of the culture. The plants were then planted in the field with a planting distance of 80 cm between the plants and 120 cm between the rows. The plants were regularly supplied with standard fertilizer and regularly watered in order to keep the surface moist. 17 weeks after planting in the field the diameter and the height of the plants were recorded for each individual plant. The averages of the results for each genotype and the grand averages and standard deviation for trailing and non-trailing plants are summarised in Table 5.

TABLE 5
Comparison of morphological parameters of non-trailing
and trailing I. walleriana plants with different genetic
background, 17 weeks after planting in the field.
		plant	plant
		diameter	height	height/
	Genotype	[cm]	[cm]	diameter
non-trailing	Impulse red	70	52	0.74
	Fanfare Fuchsia	65	30	0.46
	Cajun salmon	70	25	0.36
	average	68.3	35.7	0.52
	std. dev.	1.7	10.9
hybrids from	(JN215)	100	25	0.25
seed	T1314
trailing	trailing/non-	1.5	0.7	0.48
	trailing
hybrids from	Q1794-2	100	20	0.20
cutting	S2705-1	80	22	0.28
trailing	Q1752-1	90	20	0.22
	Q1790-1	85	19	0.22
	S2678-1	90	22	0.24
	average	89	20.6	0.23
	std. dev.	5.2	1.12
	trailing/non-	1.3	0.6	0.45
	trailing

Example 6

Three seedlings of trailing I. walleriana were planted in a 20 cm hanging basked containing standard substrate for bedding plants, cultivated in a greenhouse under commercial conditions, wherein the temperature of the greenhouse was 16-18° C. during day time and 14-16° C. during the night. The plants were regularly supplied with standard fertilizer at a concentration of 0.8 EC at the beginning and 1.5 EC at the end of the cultivation period. The trailing plants were able to fill the hanging basket completely within 20 weeks of cultivation, were hanging down at the sides and were also growing below the basket. As a result, the ornamental arrangement had a spherical appearance and its entire surface was regularly covered with flowers. The basket itself was not visible any more.

Under the identical conditions 5 to 7 non-trailing plants would be required to fill the upper part of the basket but the lower sides and the bottom of the basket would still be visible.

Example 7

An example for an asexually propagated ornamental I. walleriana plant having a trailing growth habit can be characterised by the following parameters:

Research code:                   Q1794-2
Article number:                  JM972
Variety name:                    Rose
Parentage
Female parent:                   P2076-2 not patented
Male parent:                     P1291-4 not patented
Propagation
Type cutting:                    terminal cuttings
Time to initiate roots:          10-12 days at 20 C.
Time to produce a rooted cutting: 4 weeks
Root description:                fine, fibrous and white in colour
Plant description
General appearance:              makes long branches that tend to grow
                                 horizontally
Habit
Growth and branching habit:      freely branching habit, freely flowering,
                                 vigorous
Crop time
Plant height:                    30 cm
Plant spread:                    100 cm
Lateral branch description
Length:                          30-37 cm
Diameter                         3-4 mm
Texture:                         smooth, glabrous
Internode length:                0.5-6 cm
Colour:                          RHS 146C + 184A
Foliage description
Arrangement:                     alternate/opposite
Length, mature leaves:           5.8-6.6 cm
Width, mature leaves:            3.4-4 cm
Shape:                           broadly elliptic
Apex:                            acuminate
Base:                            acute
Margin:                          serrate
Texture:                         smooth, glabrous
Venation pattern:                pinnate
Colour young foliage, upper surface: RHS 146B
Colour young foliage, lower surface: RHS 147C + 182B
Fully expanded foliage, upper surface: RHS 146A
Fully expanded foliage, lower surface: RHS 147C + 182B
Venation, upper surface:         RHS 146C
Venation, lower surface:         RHS 146B
Petiole length:                  about 1.7-2.5 cm
Petiole diameter:                about 2 mm
Texture:                         smooth, glabrous
Colour:                          RHS 145B
Flower description
Flower type and flowering habit: single
Number of flowers per leaf axil: 2
Number of flowers and flower buds 15-23
per lateral branch:
Flower position:                 above and beyond the foliage and typically
                                 facing upwards and outward
Flower shape:                    rounded, mostly flat
Flowers lasting:                 about 7-9 days on the plant depending on
                                 environmental conditions
Flowers non persitent.
Flowers not fragrant.
Flowering indeterminate and continuous
Flowering season:                Year round under greenhouse conditions. In
                                 the garden, flowering from spring until fall
Flower diameter:                 about 4.5-5.7 cm
Flower buds
Rate of opening:                 from flower bud to fully open flower, typically
                                 about 6-8 days, depending on temperature
Bud length (at stage of showing colour): about 1.5 cm
Bud diameter:                    about 1 cm
Bud shape:                       ovoid
Texture:                         smooth, glabrous
Colour, just before opening:     RHS 73A
Petals
Quantity:                        single, five per flower, imbricate
Length of banner petal:          about 1.6-1.9 cm
Width of banner petal:           about 2.7-3 cm
Length lateral and basal petals: about 2.6-3.1 cm
Width lateral and basal petals:  about 2.4-2.7 cm
Lateral and basal petal shape:   obovate
Banner petal shape:              broadly obcordate
Petal apex:                      retuse to emarginate
Petal base:                      attenuate
Petal margin:                    entire
Petal texture:                   smooth, satiny
Petal colour: upper surface      when opening and fully opened: RHS N66B
middle eye                       RHS 46A
lower surface                    when opening and fully opened: edge: RHS 73A
middle                           RHS N66D
Sepals
Lateral sepals:                  2
Shape:                           lineair-lanceolate
Apex:                            acute
Margin:                          entire
Length:                          3-7 mm
Texture upper and lower surface: smooth, glabrous
Spur
Length:                          about 3 cm
Texture:                         smooth, glabrous
Aspect:                          curved
Colour:                          RHS 172B
Peduncles
Length:                          about 2.3 cm
Diameter:                        1 cm
Aspect:                          about 45° from the stem
Colour:                          RHS 146C
Bracts:                          at least 2
Shape:                           lineair-lanceolate/subulate
Apex:                            acute
Length:                          3-6 mm
Colour:                          RHS 146A
Reproductive organs
Androecium:                      stamen number: Five fused at anthers,
                                 filaments free, hooded
Anther shape:                    obovate
Anther length:                   about 4 mm
Anther colour:                   RHS 67A
Amount of pollen:                no pollen
Gynoecium
Pistil number:                   one
Pistil length:                   about 4 mm
Stigma shape:                    columnar, five segmented
Stigma colour:                   red purple
Style colour:                    RHS 67A
Ovary arrangement:               five celled
Ovary colour:                    RHS 146A
Seed development:                seed development has not been observed
Disease tolerance:               No known susceptibility to diseases or
                                 insects noted to date.

Claims

1-13. (canceled)

14. A method of introgressing a trailing growth habit into a plant of the species Impatiens walleriana comprising the steps of

a) generating a cross between Impatiens usambarensis×walleriana and I. walleriana;

b) rescuing a viable embryo resulting from the cross of step a);

c) regenerating the rescued embryo of step b) into a plant;

d) backcrossing said regenerated plant or a sexual or asexual progeny of said plant with Impatiens walleriana, wherein this step may optionally be repeated at least once;

e) selecting a plant having a trailing growth habit from the plants obtained by backcrossing in step d) or from sexual or asexual progeny of such plants.

15. A method of selecting trailing Impatiens walleriana plants according to claim 1 comprising the steps of

a) growing back crossed Impatiens walleriana plants obtained in step d) of the method of claim 14 or sexual or asexual progeny thereof in rows in a field, wherein the distance between the rows is at least 80 cm; and

b) selecting an individual plant or a group of plants which is capable of covering the free area between the rows significantly faster than the average of all plants grown in step a).

16. A method according to claim 14, wherein the selection is accomplished by the method of claim 15.

17. An Impatiens walleriana plant having a trailing growth habit obtainable by a method according to claim 14.

18-24. (canceled)