Electric Motor Rotor
A rotor of an electric machine is disclosed that resists expansion of the rotor components even at high rotational speed. The rotor includes first and second pluralities of laminations having slots to accept rotor bars. A support disk, also having slots, is placed between the laminations. The support disk, into which the rotor bars are slid, restrains the rotor bars from bending outwardly at high rotational speeds of the rotor. The rotor bars are further restrained at the ends by end rings, which have apertures into which ends of the rotor bars are placed. In some embodiments, containment rings are placed over axial extension of the end rings to prevent outward bowing at high speeds. In some embodiments, the rotor includes a stiffener sleeve to provide additional resistance to expansion during high rotational speeds.
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This application is a continuation in part of U.S. application Ser. No. 12/791,832, filed 1 Jun. 2010, and which is incorporated herein. This application claims benefit of U.S. provisional application Ser. No. 61/217,674 filed 3 Jun. 2009.
FIELDThis disclosure relates to the field of electric motors and more specifically to rotors of such motors that contain magnetic field reactive elements suitable for high speed operations.
SUMMARYParticularly challenging aspects in the design of the rotor of an electric motor that has the capability to be driven at speeds exceeding 100,000 rpm concern the prevention of centrifugal forces from expanding the rotor elements such that they become separated from the shaft to which they are attached. In the case of an induction motor, it is important to prevent expansion of the rotor elements to avoid coming into contact with the stator element.
Electric motor rotors disclosed herein are suitable for use in turbochargers and other environments where motors may be required to operate at significantly high speeds exceeding 100,000 rpm. Typically, electrically controlled turbochargers employ a high speed electrical motor to rotate the turbo shaft which exists between the oppositely mounted compressor and turbine. The embodiments disclosed herein provide a center supporting disk on the rotor to provide additional support to the rotor bars to minimize their outward deformation during high speed operation.
In
In
Steel laminations 216 can be formed of high-strength electrical steel, such as Hyperco 50™ heat treated to provide maximum strength, and oxide coated to prevent electrical current losses between laminations. Rotor bars 218 can be made from a high strength-to-density ratio (specific modulus) and high electrical conductivity alloy, such as 2219 A1.
During assembly, rotor lamination sets 216a and 216b are coaxially arranged in stacks on either side of lamination supporting disk 226. Rotor bars 218 are inserted into (or molded in) slots 217 (217a-217s) and 227 (227a-227s). End rings 212 and 214 are installed on each end and the ends of rotor bars are received into apertures 112 and 114 of the balance rings 212 and 214, respectively. The assembly is then clamped together axially to compress the laminations together. Rotor bars 218 are then welded to end rings 212 and 214. Such welding may employ an electron beam process or any other process that provides effective high strength welding for such metals. Heat sinks are attached to the rotor during this process to minimize the distortional effects of welding. After welding, rotor 210 is machined on all outside surfaces and the ID to improve concentricity of the inside diameter, ID, and outside diameter, OD, as well as balance.
Following machining, the rotor assembly 210 is slid onto the stiffener sleeve 202. The assembly is then balanced and the stiffener sleeve 202 is press fitted onto shaft 240. While there may be some tolerance between the stiffener sleeve 202 and the ID of the laminations to prevent pre-stress in the laminations, the end rings 212 and 214 and central support disk 226 are press fitted onto the sleeve 202 to secure the rotor assembly 210 to shaft 240 under extremes in operational circumstances.
Rotor 210 can alternatively be injection molded in a high-pressure injection molding process where the rotor laminations 216a and 216b are placed in a mold and molten aluminum is injected into slots 217 and 227 to form the rotor bars 218. In the same process, end rings 212 and 214 and central support disk 226 are also formed.
End rings 212 and 214 are preferably fabricated from the same or similar alloy used to fabricate the rotor bars 218 and serve to minimize expansion of the rotor ends during high speed operations. Furthermore, central support disk 226 may be fabricated from the same or similar alloy as used for end rings 212 and 214 and rotor bars 218.
To further mitigate the effects of centrifugal forces generated at high rotational speeds, the end rings 212 and 214 can include axial extensions 213 and 215. Extensions 213 and 215 are smaller in diameter than the main body of the end rings 212 and 214. By making end-ring extensions 213 and 215 smaller in diameter, the extensions experience much less centrifugal force and therefore retain their press fit onto the stiffener 202 and shaft 240 throughout the broad range of operating speed.
In some embodiments, containment rings 204 and 206, formed of high strength steel, are clamped around the end rings 212 and 214 to further ensure the integrity of the press fit between end rings, stiffener sleeve 202 and shaft 240. In
When employed in an electrically-controlled turbocharger design, motor rotors are typically elongated. There is a concern that longer rotor bars, such as 218 in
In
As can be seen in
The procedure to assemble the rotor assembly onto the shaft, according to one embodiment, is illustrated in
In one embodiment, the end rings, the central support disk, and the rotor bars are made of the same material, e.g., an aluminum alloy, and these are produced by injection molding. In such embodiment, the manufacture begins with stacking laminations sets 216a and 216b, as illustrated in
The embodiments shown here are exemplary in nature and shall not be considered to be a restriction on the scope of the claims set forth herein.
Claims
1. A method to manufacture a rotor of an electric machine, the method comprising:
- arranging two sets of rotor laminations on either side of a support disk;
- inserting rotor bars into slots defined in the rotor laminations and the support disk; and
- installing end rings at ends of the rotor bars with apertures defined in the end rings engaging with ends of the rotor bars.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein:
- the inserting rotor bars comprises injection molding the rotor bars into the slots; and
- the slots in the rotor laminations and the central support disk are aligned prior to the injection molding.
3. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
- clamping the end rings axially with the rotor laminations and the support disk clamped therebetween; and
- welding tips of the rotor bars to the end rings.
4. The method of claim 1 wherein the rotor laminations, the rotor bars, the end rings, and the support disk comprise a rotor assembly, the method further comprising:
- providing a heat sink in contact with the rotor assembly during the welding.
5. The method of claim 3 wherein the rotor laminations, the rotor bars, the end rings, and the support disk comprise a rotor assembly, the method further comprising:
- machining outer surfaces of the rotor assembly to improve the balance of the rotor assembly during rotation of the rotor assembly.
6. The method of claim 3 wherein the rotor laminations, the rotor bars, the end rings, and the support disk comprise a rotor assembly, the method further comprising: press fitting the rotor assembly onto a stiffener sleeve.
7. The method of claim 6 further comprising: press fitting the stiffener sleeve on a rotor shaft.
8. The method of claim 3 wherein the rotor laminations, the rotor bars, the end rings, and the support disk comprise a rotor assembly, the method further comprising: press fitting the rotor assembly onto a rotor shaft.
9. A rotor of an electric machine, comprising:
- a first plurality of laminations arranged axially, the first plurality of laminations defining a plurality of slots;
- a second plurality of laminations arranged axially, the second plurality of laminations defining a plurality of slots; and
- a support disk defining a plurality of slots wherein the support disk is located between the first and second plurality of lamination with slots of the first and second pluralities of lamination and slots of the support disk being aligned.
10. The rotor of claim 9, further comprising: rotor bars slid into the aligned slots.
11. The rotor of claim 10, further comprising: first and second end rings defining apertures with first ends of the rotor bars engaging with the apertures of the first end ring and second ends of the rotor bars engaging with the apertures of the second end ring.
12. The rotor of claim 11 wherein the first ends of the rotor bars are welded to the first end disk and the second ends of the rotor bars are welded to the second end disk.
13. The rotor of claim 12, further comprising:
- a stiffener sleeve wherein the welded assembly is fit onto the stiffener sleeve; and
- a rotor shaft wherein the stiffener sleeve is fit onto the rotor shaft.
14. The rotor of claim 13 wherein the stiffener sleeve comprises a protuberance extending radially outwardly from the stiffener sleeve wherein the protuberance provides a shoulder for a removal tool.
15. The rotor of claim 12, further comprising: a rotor shaft wherein the welded assembly is fit onto the rotor shaft.
16. A rotor of an electric machine, comprising:
- a first plurality of laminations arranged axially, the first plurality of laminations defining a plurality of slots;
- rotor bars provided within the slots;
- first and second end rings defining apertures with first ends of the rotor bars engaging with the apertures of the first end ring and second ends of the rotor bars engaging with the apertures of the second end ring wherein the first ends of the rotor bars are welded to the first end ring and the second ends of the rotor bars are welded to the second end ring.
17. The rotor of claim 16, further comprising:
- a second plurality of laminations arranged axially, the second plurality of laminations defining a plurality of slots; and
- a support disk defining a plurality of slots wherein the support disk is located between the first and second plurality of laminations with slots of the first and second pluralities of laminations and slots of the support disk being aligned; and the rotor bars extend through the slots in the support disk and the slots in the second plurality of laminations.
18. The rotor of claim 16, further comprising:
- a stiffener sleeve wherein the welded assembly is fit onto the stiffener sleeve; and
- a rotor shaft wherein the stiffener sleeve is fit onto the rotor shaft.
19. The rotor of claim 16 wherein the first end ring has a first extension extending axially; the first extension extends away from the first plurality of laminations; the second end ring has a second extension extending axially; and the second extension extends away from the first plurality of laminations, the rotor further comprising:
- a first containment ring placed over the first extension; and
- a second containment ring placed over the second extension.
20. The rotor of claim 17 wherein the rotor bars, the support disk, and the first and second end disks are injection molded onto the first and second pluralities of laminations.
21. A method to manufacture a rotor of an electric machine, the method comprising:
- arranging two sets of rotor laminations with slots defined in the laminations aligned;
- placing the rotor laminations into a mold surrounding a die;
- securing the laminations in place; and
- injecting molten alloy into the die.
22. The method of claim 21 wherein the alloy and the rotor laminations form a rotor assembly, the method further comprising:
- ejecting the rotor assembly from the mold; and
- removing the die from the rotor assembly.
23. The method of claim 22, further comprising: fitting first and second containment rings over extensions that extend axially from ends of the rotor assembly.
24. The method of claim 22, further comprising: press fitting the rotor assembly onto a sleeve stiffener.
25. The method of claim 24, further comprising: press fitting the sleeve stiffener onto a rotor shaft.
Type: Application
Filed: Jun 6, 2011
Publication Date: Oct 6, 2011
Applicant: ECOMOTORS INTERNATIONAL, INC. (Allen Park, MI)
Inventors: Will Robert Nielsen Hippen (Eureka, CA), Franz J. Laimboeck (Goleta, CA), Peter P. Hofbauer (West Bloomfield, MI), Tyler R. Garrard (Buellton, CA)
Application Number: 13/153,642
International Classification: H02K 17/16 (20060101); H02K 15/02 (20060101);