OIL SPILL RECLAMATION SYSTEM
An oil spill reclamation system utilizes an elastomeric foam functionalized to exhibit both oleophilic and hydrophobic properties. The foam material is contained in permeable pods connected to each other in a chain to form a boom strung in a closed loop around the oil spill. As each pod is brought into contact with the spilled oil, the foam material absorbs it to saturation. The pods are linked through an inflated flexible hose that ensures their buoyancy. The chain of pods is continuously processed in one or more barges that include equipment to press the absorbed oil out of each pod and a conveyor system for retrieving the pods from the water, pulling them through the press, and returning them to the water in a continuous cycle of operation. Positioning buoys with vertical rollers are used to retain the general shape of the containment loop defined by the continuous boom.
This patent application is based on and claims the priority of U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 61/361,974, filed Jul. 7, 2010.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION1. Field of the Invention
This invention is related in general to systems for clean-up and recovery of oil spills. In particular, the invention pertains to a system based on the use of an elastomeric oleophilic/hydrophobic foam material suitable for continuous on-site oil extraction and separation.
2. Description of the Related Art
Since the early times of off-shore drilling, concerns over oil spills have created much debate and tension between environmental and production interests. The potential economic damaged resulting from large spills has spurred much research, but no solution has proven to be satisfactorily effective in protecting wildlife and shore lines from major spills. As evidenced by the Exxon Valdez tanker rupture and the recent well blow-out in the Gulf of Mexico, serious periodic accidents are almost unavoidable and the consequences can be disastrous.
Typically, oil spills are addressed first by containment efforts and then by some method of oil collection and remediation. Absorbent floating booms, in-situ bio-remediation, dispersing detergents and controlled fires are all examples of various approaches used to date to control the damage of oil spills. No mobile, continuous process exists for containing an oil spill and at the same time extracting and recovering the oil from the water. The present invention addresses this problem with an effective and highly efficient solution.
BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTIONThe invention is based on the use of an elastomeric foam that has been functionalized to exhibit both oleophilic and hydrophobic properties. Because of its foam structure, this material can be used to entrap oil that can then be pressed out and recovered on account of the material's elastomeric characteristic. The separation of oil from water is enhanced by the hydrophobic property of the foam, while the absorption of oil is greatly enhanced by its concurrent oleophilic characteristics.
The foam material is contained in permeable pods connected to each other in a chain to form a long boom strung in a closed loop around the oil spill, or a portion thereof, for containment and processing. As each pod is brought into contact with the spilled oil, the foam material in the pod absorbs it to saturation, thereby extracting it and separating it from the surrounding water. According to one aspect of the invention, the pods are connected to one another through linked sections of an inflated flexible hose that ensures their buoyancy as well as that of the entire boom. Therefore, the pods and the linking hose components provide a barrier at the surface that contains the spill within the closed loop.
According to another aspect of the invention, the chain of pods is continuously processed in one or more barges that include equipment to press the absorbed oil out of each pod and a conveyor system for retrieving the pods from the water, pulling them through the press, and returning them to the water in a continuous cycle of operation. Positioning buoys with vertical rollers around which the chain of pods can travel are used to retain the general shape of the containment loop defined by the continuous boom.
Several schemes of containment and recovery are considered, some with stationary barges and some subject to tug-boat traction. The latter schemes provide the additional advantage of accumulating the floating oil at the trailing end of the loop where it is continuously recovered at higher density by the moving chain of pods as the processing barge, pulled by the tug boat, proceeds through the water.
Various other purposes and advantages of the invention will become clear from its description in the specification that follows and from the novel features particularly pointed out in the appended claims. Therefore, the invention consists of the features hereinafter illustrated in the drawings, fully described in the detailed description of the preferred embodiments and particularly pointed out in the claims.
The invention relies on the use of a foam material that exhibits concurrent oleophilic and hydrophobic properties that allows it to absorb oil while repelling water, a critical condition for the high efficiency of the process of the invention. In addition, the material is both elastomeric and structured as a foam, the combination of which enables the absorption of relatively high volumes of oil per volume of foam (due to the typically large proportion of voids in the foam) and the subsequent mechanical recovery of the oil from the foam simply by squeezing it out of the foam. These properties together make it possible to carry out the process of the invention with speed and efficiency.
The surface functionalization of materials to render them oleophilic by the deposition of appropriate moieties (such as alkyl acrylates, methacrylate, and vinyl compounds of polyesters, polyurethanes, polyepoxides, bisphenol A resins, and phenoxy resins, for example) is commonly practiced in the art of surface functionalization. The hydrophobicity of materials by the addition of non-polar hydrophobic moieties (such as silicone and fluorocarbons) is similarly well understood. See, for instance, Hao Yang, Pihui Pi, Zhi-Qi Cai, Xiufang Wen, Xibo Wang, Jiang Cheng and Zhuo-ru Yang, “Facile preparation of super-hydrophobic and super-oleophilic silica film on stainless steel mesh via sol-gel process,” Applied Surface Science Volume 256, Issue 13, 15 Apr. 2010, Pages 4095-4102. One elastomeric foam exhibiting such combination of oleophilicity and hydrophobicity is the foam currently sold by Tri-State Biopolymers, LLC, of Lake Forest, Calif., under the trademark VOFOAM™.
The term “absorption” is commonly intended to mean a process of diffusion of a substance into another without chemical or physical bonding, while the term “adsorption” is commonly intended to mean the adhesion of a chemical species onto the surface of particles without covalent bonding but through the action of physical attractive phenomena, such as van der Waals forces. Inasmuch as the oleophilicity exhibited by the foam of the invention is a combination of both, these terms are used interchangeably herein for simplicity unless the distinction is relevant to the description. The terms “elastomer” and “elastomeric” refer to polymers with the property of viscoelasticity (colloquially “elasticity”), generally having notably low Young's modulus and high yield strain compared with other materials.
Referring to the drawings, wherein like parts are labeled with like numerals or symbols,
As illustrated in
According to the invention, a closed-loop chain of pods so constructed is used both as a containment boom and as a conveyor for continuously absorbing and releasing the oil contained by the boom. A barge with a press for squeezing the oil out of the pods is provided on site and the pods are continuously fed through the press and released back into the water, thereby creating a continuous cycle of operation. Referring back to
As also shown in
In the embodiment of the invention illustrated in
Another buoy 56 at the trailing edge of each boom similarly constrains the trailing edge of the boom in the water (see
Thus, an oil recovery system has been shown where a closed-loop boom of uniformly spaced pods containing elastomeric oleophilic/hydrophobic foam material is circulated continuously around a predetermined surface section of contaminated water to sequentially absorb oil and release it by pressing it out of the foam in a process carried out on a barge, and the pods are then returned to the water in an expanded condition to repeat the cycle of recovery. Controllable buoys are tied to the boom to define its shape and position and, if necessary, to change the exact depth of the boom skimming operation along the surface of the body of water. As illustrated in
As one may well imagine, many different schemes of operation are possible by utilizing different numbers of pods, booms and barges alone or in combination with other kinds of equipment, primarily tankers to store large quantities of oil recovered from the barges. For example,
Another scheme of operation is illustrated in
While the invention may be practiced effectively as described, it has been demonstrated that a more efficient recovery approach requires that the oil be recovered from the pods 10 in two, preferably three press stages. As shown in elevational and top views in
Because the bottom part of each pod 10 is exposed more directly to oil than the top part of the pod, the oil is absorbed more rapidly at the bottom and the top portion tends to become saturated more slowly by diffusion and oleophilic attraction. Therefore, depending on conditions, the pods may not be completely saturated prior to being conveyed to the barge for the recovery the oil. In order to ameliorate this condition, as illustrated in cross-section in
While the invention has been shown and described herein in what is believed to be the most practical and preferred embodiments, it is recognized that departures can be made therefrom within the scope of the invention. For example, optimization studies currently in effect have shows that the removal of oil from the pods may be improved by having the two conveyors 42 and 48 operating in the presses 44, 86, 88 and 90 (or in selected ones of them) disposed at a converging angle, rather than in the parallel position shown in
It is also understood that a single large pod could be used in combination with a processing vessel to recover oil from a relatively small area affected by an oil spill. Such a pod could be exposed to the oil and processed through a continuously moving boom, as described, or in batch fashion, by dipping it in the oil spill and retrieving it for processing as needed. Therefore, the invention is not to be limited to the details disclosed herein but is to be accorded the full scope of the claims so as to embrace any and all equivalent processes and products.
Claims
1. A continuous oil recovery system comprising:
- a boom including a plurality of pods containing an elastomeric hydrophobic/oleophilic foam;
- a conveyor system adapted to continuously move said boom from a body of water onto a vessel at a predetermined speed; and
- oil recovery equipment on said vessel, said recovery equipment being adapted to press the foam to extract fluids contained therein.
2. The system of claim 1, wherein said conveyor system includes intake and return ramps connected to the vessel and a vessel conveyor advancing the boom through the vessel.
3. The system of claim 2, wherein said recovery equipment includes a press with a piston adapted to compress the foam.
4. The system of claim 3, wherein said piston includes a conveyor facing the boom advancing at a speed equal to said predetermined speed of the boom.
5. The system of claim 1, wherein said recovery equipment includes a press with a piston adapted to compress the foam.
6. The system of claim 1, wherein said recovery equipment includes a plurality of presses operating in series and adapted to progressively squeeze said foam.
7. The system of claim 1, wherein said conveyor system includes buoys coupled to the boom.
8. The system of claim 7, wherein each of said buoys includes a rudder.
9. The system of claim 7, wherein each of said buoys includes a tank with valves for varying a level of liquid contained in the tank.
10. The system of claim 1, wherein said boom includes inflatable components.
11. The system of claim 1, further comprising at least one tug boat pulling the vessel.
12. An oil recovery system comprising:
- a boom including a pod containing an elastomeric hydrophobic/oleophilic foam;
- a retrieval system adapted to move said boom from a body of water onto a vessel; and
- oil recovery equipment on said vessel, said recovery equipment being adapted to press the foam to extract fluids contained therein.
13. A method of recovering oil from a body of water, said method comprising the following steps:
- placing in the water a boom including a plurality of pods containing an elastomeric hydrophobic/oleophilic foam;
- continuously moving said boom from the body of water onto a vessel at a predetermined speed; and
- pressing the foam to extract fluids contained therein.
14. The method of claim 13, wherein said pressing step is carried out on the vessel with a press having a piston adapted to compress the foam.
15. The method of claim 14, wherein said piston includes a conveyor facing the boom advancing at a speed equal to said predetermined speed of the boom.
16. The method of claim 13, wherein said pressing step is carried out on the vessel with a plurality of presses operating in series and adapted to progressively squeeze said foam.
17. The method of claim 13, wherein said step of continuously moving said boom from the body of water onto the vessel includes passing the boom through a plurality of buoys coupled to the boom in the water.
18. The method of claim 17, wherein each of said buoys includes a rudder.
19. The method of claim 17, wherein each of said buoys includes a tank with valves for varying a level of liquid contained in the tank.
20. The method of claim 13, wherein said boom includes inflatable components.
Type: Application
Filed: Jul 3, 2011
Publication Date: Jan 12, 2012
Applicant: ADVANCED INNOVATIVE MARKETING, INC. (Lake Forest, CA)
Inventor: JASON P. MARTINES (San Bernardino, CA)
Application Number: 13/175,881
International Classification: E02B 15/04 (20060101);