TOUCH SENSING ON THREE DIMENSIONAL OBJECTS
Examples of touch sensors are capable of determining the position of one or more touches and/or gestures on a three dimensional object.
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A position sensor is a device that can detect the presence and location of a touch by a user's finger or by an object, such as a stylus, for example, within a display area of the position sensor overlaid on a display screen. In a touch sensitive display application, the position sensor enables a user to interact directly with what is displayed on the screen, rather than indirectly with a mouse or touchpad. Position sensors can be attached to or provided as part of computers, personal digital assistants (PDA), satellite navigation devices, mobile telephones, portable media players, portable game consoles, public information kiosks, and point of sale systems etc. Position sensors have also been used as control panels on various appliances.
There are a number of different types of position sensors/touch screens, such as resistive touch screens, surface acoustic wave touch screens, capacitive touch screens etc. A capacitive touch screen, for example, may include an insulator, coated with a transparent conductor in a particular pattern. When an object, such as a user's finger or a stylus, touches or is provided in close proximity to the surface of the screen there is a change in capacitance. This change in capacitance is sent to a controller for processing to determine the position of the touch on the screen.
In recent years, touch screens have typically been used to sense the position of a touch in two dimensions.
SUMMARYThe following disclosure describes applications relating to providing touch sensors which are capable of determining the positions and/or gestures of one or more touches on a three dimensional object.
The drawing figures depict one or more implementations in accordance with the present teachings, by way of example only, not by way of limitation. In the figures, like reference numerals refer to the same or similar elements.
In the following detailed description, numerous specific details are set forth by way of examples in order to illustrate the relevant teachings. In order to avoid unnecessarily obscuring aspects of the present teachings, those methods, procedures, components, and/or circuitry that are well-known to one of ordinary skill in the art have been described at a relatively high-level.
In the examples, touch sensors which are capable of determining the position of a touch on a three dimensional object are described. The examples shown and described implement a capacitive form of touch sensing. In one exemplary configuration sometimes referred to as a mutual capacitance configuration, an array of conductive drive electrodes or lines and conductive sense electrodes or lines can be used to form a touch screen having a plurality of capacitive nodes. A node is formed at each intersection of drive and sense electrodes. Although referred to as an intersection, the electrodes cross but do not make electrical contact. Instead, the sense electrodes are capacitively coupled with the drive electrodes at the intersection nodes.
The drive and sense electrodes can be configured to form any particular pattern as desired and are not limited to the arrangement illustrated in
Although logically the grid 10 is two dimensional, the sensing grid 10 may be applied to a three dimensional object. The grid is applied to any desired surface of the three dimensional object. The surface of the object has a three-dimensional contour. Thus, in addition to or instead of being able to detect touch and movement in a two dimensional plane, other gestures or motions such as rotation can be detected in three dimensions. By applying the two dimensional grid to the three-dimensional object, the input information is used to determine, and in some cases track, touch position using two dimensional sensing techniques.
Specifically, in the case of capacitance based sensing when an object, such as a user's finger or a stylus, touches or is provided in close proximity to the node there is a change in capacitance. This change in capacitance is sent to a controller for processing to determine the position where the change in capacitance occurred. Over time, as capacitance changes are detected at different nodes, movement of the touching object can be determined. The user's finger(s)/hands do not need to be in contact with the three dimensional object. For example, the provision of the user's finger(s) proximity to the object can be interpreted as a touch depending on the sensitivity of the touch sensitive object.
On an object surface having a three dimensional contour, the electrodes no longer follow strictly straight lines but are curved, bent at angles, etc., to follow the surface contour. In the example of
If touches are detected and indicate movement around the knob 26 (e.g., along the Y lines 18), any of these changes in touch positions can be thought of as a rotational event. Various functions can be associated with the rotational event. An example can be to increase or decrease the volume of a radio or other audio or video system. The control function is based on the determined direction of touch rotation.
In a more detailed example, a pull gesture is determined if n (where n equals any number from 1 to 5) substantially parallel objects (e.g. fingers) are sensed touching and moving in the positive x direction (from left to right) as illustrated in
Also, a rotational gesture is determined at the knob if n fingers are sensed moving in the Y direction as illustrated in
For other applications, a combination of two of gestures may be detected, might be interpreted as another type of touch gesture. For example, a screw gesture, corresponding to a three dimensional screwing movement, combines touch movement in both the x direction and the y direction. Such gestures might be detected and interpreted as zoom-in and zoom out command inputs, and the in/out aspects of the input gestures might be distinguished based on positive/negative direction determinations. Although the user touches the object and moves the fingers in a compound gesture over the object in three dimensions, the X-Y touch grid provides touch coordinates analogous to coordinates of a two-dimensional flat grid. The three-dimensional screw gesture, with a number of fingers touching the object during the gesture, would be detected as a plurality of linear touch movements, such as those shown by way of example in
In another example, the two dimensional sensing grid 10 is applied to a joystick. A joystick can be treated as an elongated form of the knob illustrated in
In examples where the three dimensional object is likely to be gripped by a user's hand(s) as opposed to touched with a user's fingers, such as a steering wheel and joy stick examples, gestures at the object can be determined by monitoring movements at the touch sensing grid caused by gaps between the user's hand and the grid. For example, if a user grips a steering wheel by the hand, most of the hand is in contact with the surface of the steering wheel, so axial rotation events may not be easily detected. In this example, in most instances there will be gaps formed between contact points of the user's hand and the steering wheel, which can be detected and tracked. The position changes (e.g., movements) of these gaps are sensed in order to determine an axial rotation event.
In the steering wheel and joystick examples, instead of or in addition to tracking changes in capacitance for a transition from no touch detection to touch detection, a system using the three dimensional touch detection can also detect and track changes in capacitance for a transition from touch detection to no touch detection.
Using the above-described techniques, the movement of one or more touches on the grid is measured instead of the actual movement of the three dimensional object. The three dimensional object itself can remain stationary. In the knob example of
In the example of
The steering wheel may be a steering wheel for a vehicle, or may be a computer game steering wheel etc.
In other examples, touch sensing grids are applied to one or more surfaces of other three dimensional objects, such as cones (illustrated in
The first conductive electrode layer 200 includes a plurality of sense electrodes and the second conductive electrode layer 400 includes a plurality of drive electrodes described above with reference to
In examples that include the panel, the panel 100 is made of a resilient material suitable for repeated touching. Examples of the panel material include glass, Polycarbonate or PMMA (poly(methyl methacrylate)). In other examples, however, the panel 100 is not required. The substrate 300 and the protective layer 500 may be dielectric materials. The first and second conductive electrode layers 200, 400, may be made of PEDOT (Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)) or ITO (indium tin oxide).
A panel of drive and sense electrodes, as illustrated in
In some examples, the processor unit 740 can communicate with another processing device, which in turn initiates a function associated with a detected touch or gesture. For example, the processor unit 740 can communicate with a central processing unit or digital signal processor of a gaming platform, a computer or the like, which interprets detected touches or gestures and controls aspects of a game or the like based on the detected inputs. Communications from the processor 740 can cause the other processor to execute instructions to cause events to occur on the screen, for example, steering a virtual car or moving a game character on the screen (possibly with corresponding audio outputs).
Various modifications may be made to the examples and embodiments described in the foregoing, and any related teachings may be applied in numerous applications, only some of which have been described herein. It is intended by the following claims to claim any and all applications, modifications and variations that fall within the true scope of the present teachings.
Claims
1. A touch sensor for determining position of a touch on a three dimensional object, the touch sensor comprising:
- pluralities of first and second electrodes and an insulator between the first and second electrodes, the first and second electrodes and the insulator being mounted to a surface of the three-dimensional object,
- the plurality of first electrodes being arranged in a first direction, and
- the plurality of second electrodes being arranged in a second direction different from the first direction such that the first and second electrodes cross over each other to form touch sensing nodes at three-dimensional locations relative to the object; and
- a processor configured to process a signal from one or more of the electrodes representing the touch at one or more of the sensing nodes, to determine a position of the touch on the three dimensional object.
2. The touch sensor of claim 1, wherein:
- the insulator comprises an insulating substrate; and
- at least one of the plurality of the first electrodes and the plurality of the second electrodes is formed on a surface of the insulating substrate.
3. The touch sensor of claim 1, wherein the processor is configured to process a plurality of detected touches and determine a gesture occurred, and when occurrence of a gesture is detected, to initiate performance of a function corresponding to the gesture.
4. The touch sensor of claim 3, wherein the function is selected from the group consisting of adjusting a volume level, turning power on to a device, and turning power off at a device.
5. The touch sensor of claim 1, wherein the three-dimensional object is cylindrical.
6. The touch sensor of claim 1, wherein the three-dimensional object is disc-shaped.
7. The touch sensor of claim 1, wherein:
- the first electrodes form drive electrodes;
- the second electrodes form sense electrodes; and
- the touch sensor further comprises:
- a drive unit connected to apply a drive signal to the first electrodes; and
- a sense unit connected to sense a change in charge on the second electrodes and supply sensing results to the processor.
8. The touch sensor of claim 1, wherein the processor is configured to detect and track movement of touch positions to detect one or more gestures selected from the group consisting of: a push gesture, a pull gesture, a rotational gesture in a first direction, and a rotational gesture in a second direction opposite the first direction.
9. The touch sensor of claim 1, wherein the processor is configured to detect and track movement of touch positions to detect a three dimensional screwing movement at the object.
10. The touch sensor of claim 9, wherein the processor is further configured to detect distinguish between positive and negative movement in at least one direction of the three dimensional screwing movement.
11. The touch sensor of claim 1, wherein the processor is configured to detect and track movement of touch positions to detect a plurality of gestures including: a push gesture, a pull gesture, a rotational gesture in a first direction, a rotational gesture in a second direction opposite the first direction, and a three dimensional screw gesture.
12. A touch panel for placement on the surface of a three dimensional object, the touch panel comprising:
- a plurality of first electrodes arranged in a first direction;
- a plurality of second electrodes; and
- an insulator between the first and second electrodes,
- the plurality of second electrodes being arranged in a second direction different from the first direction such that the first and second electrodes cross over each other to form touch sensing nodes,
- wherein the pluralities of first and second electrodes and the insulator are configured for mounting to the surface of the three-dimensional object in such a manner that each of the nodes will be located at a three-dimensional location relative to the object.
13. The touch panel of claim 12, wherein:
- the insulator comprises an insulating substrate; and
- at least one of the plurality of the first electrodes and the plurality of the second electrodes is formed on a surface of the insulating substrate.
14. The touch sensor of claim 12, wherein the three-dimensional object is cylindrical.
15. The touch sensor of claim 12, wherein the three-dimensional object is disc-shaped.
Type: Application
Filed: Jul 26, 2010
Publication Date: Jan 26, 2012
Applicants: ,
Inventors: Esat Yilmaz (Eastleigh), Christopher Ard (Eastleigh)
Application Number: 12/843,427