Structural ice composite body with thermal conditioning capability
The invention discloses an ice composite body with a layer of water close to its freezing point within the body's armor shell at its base, with a pressurizing system for the water which maintains an upward pressure on the ice core at the set level needed to structurally support any burden resting on the top part of the shell, the top part of the shell & the ice core. The ice core has a separate non structural layer at its lowest level & a separate system of melting & freezing this layer of the ice core for thermal conditioning purposes, while using the pressurizing system to maintain hydrostatic and litho-static balance & thus maintain structural integrity. The pressurization system results in a more reliable structural support system for the top part of the shell particularly for dealing with thermal cycling & in warmer climates. The melting & freezing of the thermal conditioning ice layer can be used to shift air-conditioning demand from daytime peak to nighttime off-peak, without affecting the structural support system for the top section of the armor shell used to support equipment, traffic, buildings or for other purposes involving a load, or the capacity of the ice body to provide heating using the heat from the refrigeration system for the structural ice core.
The text of this description is the same as that of Irish application number 2010/0455 dated Jul. 21, 2010 by the inventor from which priority is claimed and the references to drawings in this text are references to the drawings in that Irish filing which will be published shortly. The same text & drawings exist in UK application GB 1112474.0 filed on Jul. 20, 2011. Relevant declarations by the inventor will be filed shortly & certified copies of these applications will be provided at the US examination stage.
FIELD OF THE INVENTIONThe present invention relates to ice composite bodies for use in the construction of fixed or floating structures located in or on water or on land.
BACKGROUND TO THE INVENTIONIce composite bodies are well known and are generally formed by loading a natural body of ice with additional frozen water, earth or gravel, until the natural ice body sinks to the seabed. Cutting out a perimeter on the body when grounded enables the body to be separated from the surrounding ice sheet to protect equipment on the body. Examples are SU Patent 1092241 & U.S. Pat. No. 4242012. More complex bodies also use wall elements and artificial refrigeration such as disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3738114 and 4325656. These ice composite bodies are generally used in arctic locations for oil exploration. Ice composite bodies can also be used in applications such as bridges, breakwaters, causeways, pontoons, artificial islands, building foundations, dams, tidal barrages, wave power barrages, harbor walls, wind power farms, or aircraft runways. GB-A Patent 2071295 discloses an ice composite body consisting of a gravity ice platform with a wider potential range of uses, but made by a process which can result in large quantities of dissolved gases and liquid becoming entrained in the ice, resulting in a tendency for the ice to be unstable under stress, deform & creep. The inventor's prior patent EP 1290281 referred to this prior art as disclosed at the time of its issuance in 2005. He disclosed in EP 1290281 an ice composite body and a method for making it which resolved these problems even for use in temperate waters, where the body in use was in an environment with sea temperatures constantly above the melting point of ice. Since then further needs have emerged such as data centers & because of the problems of climate change & of the long term need for sustainable energy sources. As rising sea levels caused by climate change threaten low lying countries such as the Maldives, ice composite bodies can be used to replace land lost to the sea. They can also be used to provide areas offshore to shelter & house equipment & personnel for sustainable energy sources such as Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC) or OTEC hybrids with other solar thermal energy technologies, new desalination technologies and new mariculture technologies. These new needs create new demands for technology, which can provide a suitable environment for human life even in hot equatorial climates & perform reliably there for extended periods of time. It is an object of the present invention to provide an ice composite body which can meet these new needs in a particularly effective way.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTIONThe present invention provides an ice composite body comprising a constrained inner ice core, a protective outer armor shell having a base, side sections and a separate top section, means for thermally insulating the ice core and means for maintaining the ice core in a frozen condition in use, with a bitumen, elastomer modified bitumen, plastic film or mastic lining between the ice core and the inner walls of the side & base sections. The top section of the shell, as in EP 1290281, is free to move vertically between the side sections thus distributing the weight of the top section and its burden evenly over the top of the ice core. However in the present invention the ice core does not extend all the way to the bottom of the shell but in use has a permanent layer of liquid water close to but above 0° C. at the base of the shell. The ice core rests hydrostatically on this close to freezing water layer as opposed to litho-statically on the base of the shell as in the case of EP 1,290,281,but with litho-static equilibrium between the ice core and the top section of the armor shell. This layer of water is connected hydraulically at the internal base of the shell by water supply & removal pipes to a water tank. The water level in this tank is controlled by any suitable means such as an ordinary ball-cock system, at the level necessary for the water column to exert upward pressure on the ice core sufficient to support the weight of the top section of the shell, any load placed on the top section of the shell & the ice core, with the lining at the sides & base or the ice core itself, providing a watertight seal at the sides & base. The tank has a water supply to make up any losses and to maintain the desired level in the tank. The water layer also has an expansion connection pipe to the top of the tank & the tank has an overflow connection to drain. This water layer, the water supply, expansion pipe, overflow pipe and the water tank have a means for controlling their temperature at close to but above 0° C. In addition, above this permanent water layer & underneath an upper section of the ice core here called the structural ice core, a lower section of the ice core here called the thermal conditioning ice layer is provided, with a separately controllable means of melting and freezing this thermal conditioning ice layer, characterized in that this means can melt this ice layer from its bottom up & freeze the resultant water layer from the top down but not freeze the permanent water layer. All the while the structural ice core is maintained in the solid state by its refrigeration means & the permanent water layer at the base of the armor shell, which is maintained liquid by its separate heating means, provides a hydraulic connection to the water tank. This hydraulic connection maintains the required pressure in the water layers, which maintains the required hydrostatic upward pressure on the thermal conditioning ice core, which in turn exerts upward litho-static pressure on the structural ice core, which in turn exerts upward litho-static pressure on the top section of the armor shell to support it & any load placed on it.
All figures show the piping connecting the water supply, water tank, drains and the ice composite body.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS & THE INVENTIONClaims
1. An ice composite body comprising a constrained inner ice core, a protective outer armor shell having a base & side sections with a waterproof liner, a separate top section of the armor shell free to move vertically between the side sections, means for thermally insulating the ice core and means for maintaining the ice core in a frozen condition in use, characterized in that (a) the ice core is provided in two sections, an upper structural ice core always maintained in the solid state & below the base of the structural ice core, a separate lower ice core is provided initially entirely ice but providing after initial construction, a layer of ice here called a thermal conditioning ice layer & also a permanent layer of liquid water with a means for maintaining the permanent liquid water layer close to but above 0° C., which water layer is hydraulically connected from within the base of the armor shell to a water supply and means for controlling the pressure of the water supply, which water supply means is used to pressurize the ice core from within the shell at the pressure needed to structurally support the separate top section of the armor shell, any weight resting on the top section, the structural ice core & the thermal conditioning ice layer; (b) a separately controllable means of melting & freezing the thermal conditioning ice layer is provided characterized in that this means can melt the thermal conditioning ice core to a temporary water layer & refreeze the temporary water layer, which controllable means of melting the thermal conditioning ice core or freezing the temporary water layer is used to provide coolant to a cooling demand or heating to a heating demand, such that when a demand exists for cooling, some or all of the thermal conditioning ice core is melted or when a demand exists for heating, some or all of the temporary water layer is frozen, while retaining a permanently unfrozen water layer to provide a hydraulic connection to the pressurized water supply & maintain the desired upward pressure on the structural ice core.
2. An ice composite body according to claim 1 in which the cooling from the system for temporarily melting all or part of the thermal conditioning ice layer is connected to a cooling system for buildings, data centers, or other demands for cooling.
3. An ice composite body according to claims 1 & 2 used for replacing daytime demand for cooling air conditioning with night time demand, or summer demand with winter demand.
4. An ice composite body according to claim 1 in which the heat from the refrigeration system for the structural ice core, or from the refrigeration system for temporarily freezing all of part of the temporary water layer, is connected to a heating system for buildings, or other demands for heating.
5. An ice composite body according to claim 1 in which the temporary water layer contains particles of ice floating in it.
6. An ice composite body according to claim 1 in which the means for insulating the body can be varied seasonally to vary the heat flow between the body & the environment.
7. An ice composite body according to claim 1 in which the water used to form the ice cores is de-ionized fresh water which has been degassed.
8. An ice composite body according to claim 1 in which the water supplied to the elevated water tank is de-ionized fresh water which has been degassed.
9. An ice composite body according to claim 1 in which the waterproof liner for the side sections and base is a bitumen elastomer modified bitumen, mastic compound, or plastic film.
10. An ice composite body according to claim 1 in which the side sections and base are made from a waterproof concrete.
11. An ice composite body according to claims 1, 7 or 8, in which cold water from deep ocean layers at temperatures close to 4° C. is used in the means to maintain the permanent water layer, its supply pipes and water tank at or close to 4° C.
12. An ice composite body according to claims 1, 7 or 8, in which an elevated water tank with a ballcock controlling its water level is used as the means to maintain the pressure of the permanent water layer & its supply pipes at the desired pressure.
13. An ice composite body according to claims 1, 5, 7, 8 or 12, in which the pressure in the permanent water layer is maintained at a pressure which causes a pre-stressing upwards of the structural ice core & top section of the shell, not in excess of the static load plus the frictional resistance of the structural ice core and the top section of the shell to upward movement at the inner walls of the side sections.
14. An ice composite body according to any preceding claim in which the pressure in the water supply pipe to the permanent water layer is varied to raise or lower the elevation of the structural ice core or top section of the armor shell.
15. An ice composite body according to any preceding claim which is used as a shelter pier, bridge, breakwater, causeway, pontoon, artificial island, jetty, building foundation or support, data center, dam, tidal barrage, wave power barrage, harbor wall, wind turbine support, aircraft runway, OTEC equipment support, to protect coastlines from erosion, to replace land lost to the sea or to simulate tectonic plate movements.
Type: Application
Filed: Sep 29, 2011
Publication Date: Jan 26, 2012
Inventor: Padraig McAlister
Application Number: 13/187,020
International Classification: E02D 27/32 (20060101); E02D 29/09 (20060101); F25B 29/00 (20060101); E02D 27/18 (20060101);