Wall Panel Systems for Rigid Wall Panels
Wall panel systems are provided. The systems use interlocking components to attach photovoltaic (PV), ceramic, or other rigid wall panels to an exterior wall of a building.
This application is filed as a continuation-in-part patent application, and claims the benefit of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/829,503, which was filed on 2 Jul. 2010. That application is entitled “Dry Joint Wall Panel Attachment System,” and published as U.S. Patent Publ. No. 2010/0263314.
This parent application was a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/273,303 which was filed on 14 Nov. 2005 (now abandoned). That application was entitled “Dry Joint Aluminum Wall Panel Attachment System,” and published as U.S. Patent Publ. No. 2007/0119105.
These prior applications are incorporated herein in their entirety by reference.
STATEMENT REGARDING FEDERALLY SPONSORED RESEARCH OR DEVELOPMENTNot applicable.
THE NAMES OF PARTIES TO A JOINT RESEARCH AGREEMENTNot applicable.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTIONThis section is intended to introduce various aspects of the art, which may be associated with exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure. This discussion is believed to assist in providing a framework to facilitate a better understanding of particular aspects of the present disclosure. The Background section should be read in this light, and not necessarily as admissions of prior art.
FIELD OF THE INVENTIONThe present disclosure relates to wall panel attachment systems which include photovoltaic (PV, or solar) panels and porcelain ceramic tile (PCT) panels. The present disclosure also pertains to methods of attaching rigid wall panels to exterior wall surfaces.
DISCUSSION OF TECHNOLOGYAttachment systems for exterior walls of buildings are known. These attachment systems are used for attaching aluminum wall panels along an exterior surface.
The known aluminum wall panel attachment systems have obstacles. Conventionally, these systems rely upon adhesive or caulk to “seal” the aluminum panel from the elements. However, under exposure to heat and cold and moisture, the adhesive or caulk breaks down. This, in turn, compromises the stability of the system and creates an undesirable appearance.
Even when such a seal is functional, there may be undesirable effects on the aluminum panels. In this respect, the interior environment can trap heat which affects the individual panels, creating “oil-canning” or popping in response to the pressure differential. In spite of such seals, such systems can also trap moisture in the wall cavity. This, in turn, results in oxidation of parts and staining or deterioration of exterior wall surfaces.
More recently, systems have been developed according to the “rainscreen principle.” This means that the wall cavity is vented, resulting in a temperature and pressure equalized system with moisture drainage. However, such systems can be difficult to install, relying on many components to be milled or adapted on-site, and requiring excessive labour costs and specialty materials. Therefore, a need exists for an improved wall panel attachment system which permits the ingress and egress of moisture behind the panels. Further, a need exists for an attachment system in which the wall panels can be attached to a wall in any sequence.
It is also desirable to modify an aluminum wall panel attachment system for use with other types of panels. For example, it is desirable for such attachment systems to accommodate photovoltaic (PV, or solar) panels. Given the increasing prevalence of solar energy use in commercial buildings, the vertical wall surfaces present a logical location for the placement of such panels. While solar panels are manufactured in a wide range of sizes and shapes, a need exists to incorporate solar panels into an innovative panel attachment system that permits flush assembly with non-solar panels and reliable operation of the solar energy collection system.
It is further desirable to modify an aluminum wall panel attachment system to accommodate the use of stiff or non-bendable panels, such as porcelain or other ceramic panels.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTIONWall panel systems for attaching wall panels to an exterior building wall are provided herein. In one aspect, the wall panel system provides a plurality of solar (or PV) panels that are attached to the building wall side-by-side. In another aspect, the wall panel system provides solar panels placed adjacent to aluminum (or other non-solar) wall panels. In yet another aspect, the wall panel system provides a plurality of ceramic panels that are attached to the building wall side-by-side.
First, a wall panel system is provided. The system allows for the attachment of two or more adjacent rigid wall panels to an exterior building wall. The rigid wall panels are either PV wall panels or ceramic wall panels. In one embodiment, the system includes a plurality of rigid wall panels, a plurality of bracket assemblies configured to be fastened to the exterior building wall; and a plurality of attachment clips configured to be fastened to respective bracket assemblies by a fastener and to carry the dead loads of the respective rigid wall panels. Preferably, the bracket assemblies are fabricated from steel for strength.
Each attachment clip has a central fastening surface fastened to the bracket assembly. Further, each attachment clip has a pair of integrally formed wing members. The wing members extend from a central fastening surface, preferably in a substantially symmetrical manner.
The rigid wall panel system also includes a plurality of tile perimeter strips. Each tile perimeter strip comprises a generally C-shaped member having a planar surface configured to extend along a rear surface of a respective wall panel. Each tile perimeter strip further comprises a receiving member integrally attached to the C-shaped member and having a slot adapted to engage and interlock one of the wing members of the attachment clip.
The rigid wall panels are adhesively connected to respective planar surfaces of the tile perimeter strips. The adhesive connection may be through a high-strength bonding tape, a structural silicone adhesive and sealant, or a combination of both. It is noted that while the adhesive connection may provide a substantially water-proof seal along a perimeter of the panel, the C-shaped member may have a through-opening to permit the ingress of air behind the rigid wall panels.
In a preferred embodiment using PV wall panels, the system further includes one or more cable guides. The cable guides may be attached to respective bracket assemblies. Each of the cable guides is configured to receive an electrical cable extending from the rear surface of the respective PV wall panels.
In an alternate embodiment, and as noted above, a PV wall panel may be placed on an exterior building wall adjacent to a non-PV wall panel, such as an aluminum composite panel. For this arrangement, an alternate wall panel system is provided that is a hybrid wall panel system.
The hybrid wall panel system first includes a plurality of PV (or other rigid) wall panels. In the case of solar wall panels, each PV wall panel defines a plurality of photovoltaic cells configured to convert solar energy into electrical energy. Further, each PV wall panel comprises an exterior flat surface as noted above.
In addition, the hybrid wall panel system includes a non-PV wall panel. The non-PV wall panel has an exterior flat surface and at least two side surfaces bent generally perpendicularly to the exterior flat surface. In this way, a hollow interior portion is defined inside each non-PV wall panel. Preferably, each non-PV wall panel comprises an aluminum composite material.
The hybrid wall panel system may also include a plurality of bracket assemblies. Each bracket assembly is configured to be fastened to the exterior wall. In one aspect, each bracket assembly comprises two back-to-back L-angle brackets fastened to each other to form a generally Z-shaped assembly. A first end is for attachment to the wall, and a second end is for fastening to an attachment clip.
The wall panel system also has a plurality of attachment clips. Each clip is preferably fabricated from aluminum, and is configured to be fastened to a respective bracket assembly by a fastener. Preferably, each fastener comprises a threaded fastener. The attachment clips carry the dead loads of the various wall panels.
Each attachment clip has a central fastening surface configured to be fastened to the bracket assembly. Each attachment clip further has a pair of integrally formed wing members. Each wing member extends outwardly from the central fastening surface, preferably in a substantially symmetrical manner. Preferably, isolation tape is applied between the attachment clips and the respective bracket assemblies.
The hybrid wall panel system also includes a plurality of perimeter strips. Preferably, each perimeter strip is fabricated from aluminum. Perimeter strips that support the solar or PV wall panels are referred to as tile perimeter strips; perimeter strips that support the non-PV wall panels are referred to as panel perimeter strips.
Each tile perimeter strip is configured as the tile perimeter strips described above. In this respect, each tile perimeter strip is configured to adhesively connect to a rear surface of a respective PV panel. At the same time, each panel perimeter strip is configured to be fastened to one side surface of a respective wall panel.
Each tile perimeter strip comprises a generally C-shaped member having a planar surface configured to extend along a rear surface of a respective PV wall panel. Each tile perimeter strip further comprises a receiving member integrally attached to the C-shaped member and having a slot adapted to engage and interlock one of the wing members of the attachment clip. At the same time, each panel perimeter strip comprises a generally C-shaped member configured to reside inside of and extend along an inside portion of a side surface of a respective wall panel. Further, each panel perimeter strip has a slot integrally attached to the C-shaped member adapted to engage and interlock one of the wing members of the attachment clip, thus connecting a respective non-PV wall panel to the attachment clip and, thereby, to the wall.
The hybrid wall panel system also includes one or more rivets. The rivets are placed along the side surface of the non-PV wall panels to connect the side surface of a respective wall panel to a receiving member of a panel perimeter strip.
The wall panel system may optionally include panel stiffeners. The panel stiffeners are positioned behind or on the rear surface of the PV wall panels. Panel stiffeners may also be placed behind or inside the hollow interior portion of the respective aluminum wall panels. The panel stiffeners reinforce the aluminum wall panels and prevent deforming or popping of the aluminum wall panels.
The wall panel system may further include a plurality of infill strips. Each infill strip is preferably fabricated from a substantially rigid material comprising aluminum, or a combination of aluminum and polyethylene, or of fire-retardant polyvinyl. Each of the infill strips is non-sealingly disposed within respective slots of adjoining panel perimeter strips.
With the exception of the adhesive connection of the rigid panels to the tile perimeter strips, the hybrid wall panel system is held together non-adhesively. Further, the system is ventilated at least partially through the one or more rivets to permit ingress and egress of air and moisture to provide a pressure-balanced and moisture-drained interior environment.
The above-described systems are configured to allow panels to be secured to respective bracket assemblies along the wall in any sequence. Additional wall panels may be attached to the exterior wall using additional bracket assemblies, attachment clips and panel perimeter strips.
So that the manner in which the above recited features of the present invention can be better understood, certain drawings are appended hereto. It is to be noted, however, that the appended drawings illustrate only selected embodiments of the inventions and are therefore not to be considered limiting of scope, for the inventions may admit to other equally effective embodiments and applications.
Wall panel attachment systems are provided herein. The wall panel attachment systems employ an extruded aluminum attachment system for fastening a plurality of panels to a building surface. The components may be fabricated from a milled or anodized aluminum. Each system's strength is enhanced by the use of an extruded perimeter frame design which carries the dead load for the various panels.
In the present disclosure, different types of panels are employed. These include aluminum composite material (ACM) panels, solar or photovoltaic (PV) panels, and porcelain ceramic tile (PCT) panels.
The system 10 is designed to operate in accordance with the rainscreen principle. This means that the system 10 is designed so that a wall cavity formed under the individual panels is vented, resulting in a pressure-equalized system. Controlled moisture drainage within the system, coupled with this equalized pressure, contributes to effective, maintenance-free construction. The flow of air through a wall panel 32 and into a hollow interior 30 behind the ACM panel 32 is shown at arrows “A.”
The attachment system 10 may be fabricated through an extrusion process. The extrusion process begins with an aluminum billet, which is the material from which the profiles are preferably extruded. The billet must be softened by heat prior to the extrusion process. The heated billet is placed into an extrusion press, which represents a powerful hydraulic device wherein a ram pushes a dummy block. The dummy block, in turn, forces the softened metal through a precision opening, known as a die. The die produces the required shapes.
The extruded parts are cut to specific lengths. The extruded parts may have a milled or an anodized finish. It is, of course, understood that the system 10 is not limited by the specific extrusion process or other method by which the component parts are manufactured.
The system 10 includes a panel perimeter strip.
Referring back to
The system 10 also includes an attachment clip 16.
The attachment clip 16 is used on-site to attach the panel perimeter strips 14 to a building. An exterior building surface is shown in
To install the panel system 10, sub-framing may be constructed. Preferably, the sub-framing comprises two back-to-back galvanized steel “L” angles, referred to sometimes herein as bracket assemblies.
The bracket assemblies 40 are preferably installed horizontally at each horizontal joint.
This aspect of the inventions deserves further discussion. As can be seen in
Referring back to
The individual panels 32 may optionally be supported by a panel stiffener.
Such a panel stiffener 18 is desirable on large-sized panels. The panel stiffeners 18 may be used to prevent the popping or “oil canning” of the finished panel assemblies 34. As the individual panels 32 heat up, the panels 32 may expand and make a popping sound. The stiffeners 18 reinforce the panels 32 to reduce this effect.
Where panel stiffeners 18, 18A, 18B are used, the panel perimeter strip 14 may be adapted to better locate and secure the stiffener component. A panel perimeter strip 14A having a profile as shown in
Panel stiffeners may be provided in different sizes depending on the wind pressures to which the panels 34 will be exposed. A larger width panel stiffener 18B may be advantageous where there are greater wind loads on the attachment system 10 or if less deflection on the individual panels 34 is desired. It will be appreciated that the construction of the panels 32 themselves also provides a basic level of rigidity, and stiffeners are not necessarily required.
The attachment system 10 also includes an infill strip. An infill strip 38 is shown in the cross-sectional views of
Each attachment clips 16 is designed so as to interlock with a pair of panel perimeter strips 14 while holding an infill strip 38 securely in place.
Both the infill strips 38 and the panels 32 are preferably fabricated from an aluminum composite material (“ACM”).
As shown in
A finished ACM panel 32 may be fabricated from a flat sheet of ACM 26 using different types of router and cutting bits 28 (seen in
There are various methods to accomplish the routing and cutting process:
Method 1
Handheld router (not shown): A handheld router is used more often when reworking a panel to a different size. This method requires the simplest tool set up, but is the most labor-intensive method of fabrication due to the lengthy time for setup and layout of each different panel.
Method 2
Vertical table saw (not shown): A vertical table saw can also be used, both to cut and rout the panels. Custom “V” routing blades can be purchased to rout the panels. Panel design is limited using the vertical table saw in itself. Using it in combination with the hand held router has its advantages, but it is still a costly way to manufacture panels.
Method 3
CNC-Machine (not shown): The computer numerically controlled (CNC) machine is a complete and concise way to manufacture panels. Once the panel has been designed by a CAD operator it is then sent directly to the machine. This machine has been found to be very useful and economical for manufacturing panels. This is the applicants' preferred method for cutting and routing panels.
The infill strips 38 may be installed one of two ways:
First, as shown in
Second, and as an alternative method of installation, the installer can slide the infill strip 38 in from the end. This is shown in
As can be seen, a dry joint aluminum wall panel attachment system 10 for attaching wall panels to an exterior building wall is provided. The attachment system includes a plurality of individual aluminum-based wall panels 32. Each wall panel has an exterior flat surface and four side surfaces. At least two of the side surfaces are bent generally perpendicularly to the exterior flat surface. In this way, a hollow interior portion 30 is defined.
The attachment system 10 also includes a plurality of bracket assemblies. Each bracket assembly is configured to be fastened to the exterior wall 100. In one aspect, each bracket assembly comprises two back-to-back L-angle brackets 40 fastened to each other via connectors 46 to form a generally Z-shaped assembly. A first end is for attachment to the exterior wall surface 100, and a second end is for fastening to an attachment clip 16. Preferably, the bracket assemblies 40 are fabricated from steel for strength.
The attachment system 10 also has a plurality of attachment clips 16. Each clip 16 is preferably fabricated from aluminum and is configured to be fastened to a respective bracket assembly by a fastener 48. Preferably, each fastener 48 comprises a threaded fastener. The attachment clips 16 carry the dead load of the wall panels 32.
Each attachment clip 16 has a pair of integrally formed wing members. Each wing member extends outwardly from the central fastening surface in a substantially symmetrical manner. Preferably, isolation tape 42 is applied between the attachment clips 16 and the respective bracket assemblies.
The attachment system 10 also includes a plurality of panel perimeter strips 14. Preferably, each panel perimeter strip 14 is fabricated from aluminum. Each panel perimeter strip 14 (or, optionally, 14A) is configured to be fastened to one side surface of a respective wall panel 32. Further, each panel perimeter strip 14 comprises a generally C-shaped member configured to reside inside of and extend along an inside portion of a side surface of a respective wall panel 32, and a receiving member integrally attached to the C-shaped member configured to extend beyond the side surface of a wall panel 32 and provide a slot 37 adapted to engage and interlock one of the wing members of the attachment clip 16, thus operatively connecting a respective wall panel assembly 34 to the attachment clip 16 and thereby to the wall 100.
The attachment system 10 also includes rivets 36. The rivets 36 are placed along the side surface of the wall panels 32 to connect the side surface of a respective wall panel 32 to a receiving member of a panel perimeter strip 14. The rivets 36 are hollow to permit the ingress and egress of air and moisture through the hollow interior area 30 behind the panels 32.
The attachment system 10 further includes a plurality of infill strips 38. Each infill strip 38 is preferably fabricated from a substantially rigid material comprising aluminum or aluminum composite material. Each of the infill strips 38 is non-sealingly disposed within respective slots 37 of adjoining panel perimeter strips 14.
The infill strips 38 are placed between a corresponding attachment clip 16 and the one or more rivets 36 so as to cover the fasteners 48. In one aspect, each infill strip 38 is engaged with the slot 37 of a panel perimeter strip prior to installing an adjacent wall panel assembly 34. Alternatively, each infill strip 38 may be introduced to the slots 37 of two adjacent panel perimeter strips 32 after two adjacent wall panel assemblies 34 have been installed.
The attachment system 10 is held together non-adhesively. In addition, the attachment system 10 is configured to allow panel assemblies 34 to be secured to respective panel attachment clips 16 in any sequence.
The wall panel attachment system 10 may be modified for use with stiff or rigid panels. In this instance, an adhesive is applied to a flat surface of a tile perimeter strip. The rigid panels may be, for example, fabricated from ceramic.
In one embodiment, it is desirable to integrate the wall panel attachment system 10 with the ability to generate clean energy for the building on which the wall panels are mounted.
First, bracket assembly 62 is mounted to the exterior building wall 100. The bracket assembly 62 may comprise one or more L-angle brackets, and can be configured to accommodate adjacent panels, as needed. For example, as shown in
The bracket assembly 62 shown in
The wall panel attachment system 60 also includes attachment clips 16. The attachment clips 16 are configured to be fastened to respective bracket assemblies 62 by a fastener 68 and to carry the dead loads of the respective PV wall panels 61. The attachment clips 16 may have a single-wing design as shown in
A single-wing design is shown at 16A. This is actually the attachment clip used in
The wall panel attachment system 60 also includes a plurality of tile perimeter strips 74. The tile perimeter strips 74 provide lateral support for the PV wall panels 61. The tile perimeter strips 74 may be placed along horizontal edges of the panels 61, vertical edges of the panels 61, or both. Further, where the panels 61 are polygonal bodies having edges that are offset from vertical and horizontal, the tile perimeter strips 74 may be angled to support the offset edges.
Each tile perimeter strip 74 comprises a generally C-shaped member configured to extend along a rear surface 69 of a respective PV wall panel 61. Each tile perimeter strip 74 also includes a receiving member integrally attached to the C-shaped member having a slot adapted to engage and interlock one of the wing members of the attachment clip 16, shown best in the enlarged views of
The wall panel attachment system 60 may further include one or more panel stiffeners 18. As shown in
It is noted that in the views of
Each PV wall panel 61 is attached to the panel stiffeners 18 and to the tile perimeter strips 74. Preferably, the PV wall panel 61 is bonded to the panel perimeter strips 74 using a structural silicone adhesive 66. An example of a suitable adhesive 66 is the 983 Silicone Glazing and Curtainwall adhesive/sealant product manufactured by Dow Corning.
In a preferred embodiment, a high-density closed-cell foam tape 65 is applied to either a rear perimeter surface 69 of the PV wall panel 61, or to the tile perimeter strip 74. The ¼″ wide by ⅜″ high, high-density, closed-cell foam tape 65 provides spacing for the necessary thickness of the structural silicone adhesive 66, as shown in
In operation, the high-density closed-cell foam tape 65 may first be applied to the planar surface of a panel perimeter strip 74. Thereafter, a PV wall panel 61 is held onto or laid on the panel perimeter strip 74 and, optionally, a panel stiffener 18. A bead or volume of structural silicone adhesive 66 is then applied to a void formed between the PV wall panel 61 and tile perimeter strip 74 outside of the foam tape 65. The void is filled until the structural silicone adhesive 66 is flush with the exterior perimeter edges of the tile perimeter strip 74 and the panel 61, as shown is
Structural bonding tape can be used as an alternative to the structural silicone adhesive 66 and the foam tape 65 when utilizing tile perimeter strip 74D. One such suitable bonding tape is the VBH bonding tape manufactured by 3M Company. Preferably, an additional adhesive 66 is applied to the rear surface periphery of the PV wall panel 61 in the form of a structural silicone adhesive and sealant, such as the 983 Silicone Glazing and Curtainwall adhesive/sealant product manufactured by Dow Corning. In this manner, the PV wall panel 61 is securely bonded to the structural assembly beneath it.
The PV wall panels 61 may be any desired PV panel that is suitable for use in the desired application. One example of such a PV panel is the ASI OPAK solar panel manufactured by Schott North America, Inc., of Elmsford, N.Y.. It is noted that such solar panels can be very heavy—even up to 60 pounds, depending on dimensions. Therefore, care should be taken to ensure that a quality adhesive is used for securing the panels 61 to the panel perimeter strips 74.
It will be understood to those of ordinary skill that the shape and dimensions of the mounting components described above should permit mounting of the PV wall panels 61 so that their exterior surfaces may be flush with the adjacent non-solar wall panels 32. Thus, in
It is also understood that the panel systems 60 herein may also be used with solar wall panels being adjacent to one another.
Through-openings may optionally be provided in the tile perimeter strips 74. These are shown in
The description above for
It is understood that where panels 61 are placed along a corner or edge of a wall, some modification of the attachment clip 16 is necessary. The half-clip of 16A is noted above. Additional attachment clips 16B and 16C are shown. Attachment clip 16B is illustratively shown being used in
The various panel perimeter strips 74, 74A, 74B, 74C, 74D may be used to secure stiff panels or tiles to exterior surface of a building. In this instance, the perimeter strips may be referred to as tile perimeter strips.
Infill strips 38Ai and 38Aii are used when access and removal panels are required. Infill strip 38B is used when the panel revealed joint is filled—to various depths or widths—utilizing the slots created by the tile perimeter strip 74 and the attachment clips 16. Infill strip 38C is used when the panel revealed joint is desired to be enclosed, utilizing the two adjoining tile perimeter strips 74 only.
The description above for
A wall panel attachment system 80 is offered herein, wherein the panels are fabricated from ceramic. A preferred ceramic material is porcelain. Porcelain is a ceramic material made by heating raw materials, generally including clay in the form of kaolin, in a kiln to temperatures between 1,200° C. (2,192° F.) and 1,400° C. (2,552° F.). Porcelain may be fabricated as tiles, referred to as porcelain ceramic tile, or PCT. In this instance, PCT may also be referred to herein as a “cladding material.”
In the attachment systems 80 of
Each ceramic tile, or panel 81, may be 2.5 mm to 3.00 mm in width. Each panel 81 may further be reinforced using a 0.5 mm to 1.0 mm laminate of fiberglass on one side, and a 0.5 mm to 1.0 mm laminate of fiberglass on the opposing side.
As with the photovoltaic (PV) wall panel attachment system 60, the PCT attachment system 80 utilizes a bracket assembly 62 to support the panel 81. The bracket assembly 62 is mounted to the exterior building wall 100. The bracket assembly 62 may comprise one or more L-angle brackets 72, 73, and can be configured to accommodate adjacent panels, as needed. The brackets 72, 73 may be two back-to-back galvanized steel “L” angles. The bracket assembly 62 may be constructed of multiple bracket components affixed to one another to form a unitary structural foundation or sub-framing for the remainder of the system 80.
The bracket assembly 62 shown in
Attachment clips 16 are configured to be fastened to respective panel attachment systems 80 by a fastener 68 and to carry the dead loads of the respective PCT wall panels 81. The attachment clip 16 shown in
The PCT wall panel attachment system 80 also includes a high-density, closed-cell foam tape 85. The tape 85 is, and acts in the same manner as, the foam tape 65 as shown in
It is noted that in most cases, the use of the peripheral structural silicone adhesive 66 is adequate. For some panels, the operator may choose to add a bonding tape (shown at 95 in
The attachment system 80′ uses several of the same items as the photovoltaic (PV) wall attachment system 60 of
The wall bracket 72 and the panel mounting bracket 73 are each secured to the exterior building wall 100 by one or more fasteners 63. Fastener 63 seen in
The PCT wall panel attachment system 80′ utilizes an attachment clip and a panel perimeter strip. The attachment clip is the attachment clip 16A from
The PCT wall panel attachment system 80′ also includes a closed-cell foam tape 85, such as neoprene. The tape is 85 is applied to the rear perimeter surface 89 of the PCT wall panel 81 to create spacing. The PCT wall panel attachment system 80′ further includes an additional adhesive 86 applied to the rear surface periphery 89 of the PCT wall panel 81. This, again, is in the form of a structural silicone adhesive and sealant, such as the 983 Silicone Glazing and Curtainwall adhesive/sealant product manufactured by Dow Corning. In this manner, the PCT wall panel 81 is securely bonded to the structural assembly beneath it.
The PCT attachment system 80″ also includes the wall mounting brackets 72, 73, the one or more fasteners 63, and the connector screws 46. The PCT wall panel attachment system 80″ also utilizes an attachment clip and a panel perimeter strip. The attachment clip is the attachment clip 16B from
The PCT attachment system 80″ shown in
The use of the sheet steel 94 is particularly beneficial when the tiles 81 are large, such as greater than 25 square feet in area. The sheet steel 94 is “picture framed” along and within the perimeter strip 74A, and provides back support for the ceramic tiles 81. This, in turn, prevents the tile 81 from shattering in the unlikely (but nevertheless possible) event that some object strikes the tile 81 after the attachment system has been installed on the side of a building, and breaks the tile 81.
The PCT attachment system 80′″ also includes the wall mounting bracket 72. Tape 85 and adhesive 86 are also employed. The PCT wall panel attachment system 80″′ also utilizes an attachment clip and a panel perimeter strip. The attachment clip is the attachment clip 16C from
As can be seen, different attachment clips 16A, 16B, 16C are used in
The foregoing description illustrates only certain preferred embodiments of the invention. The invention is not limited to the foregoing examples. That is, persons skilled in the art will appreciate and understand that modifications and variations are, or will be, possible to utilize and carry out the teachings of the invention described herein. Accordingly, all suitable modifications, variations and equivalents may be resorted to, and such modifications, variations and equivalents are intended to fall within the scope of the invention as described and within the scope of the claims.
Claims
1. A wall panel system for attaching multiple wall panels to an exterior building wall, each wall panel having a dead load, and the system comprising:
- a plurality of rigid wall panels;
- a plurality of bracket assemblies configured to be fastened to the exterior wall;
- a plurality of attachment clips configured to be fastened to respective bracket assemblies by a fastener and to carry the dead loads of the respective wall panels, each attachment clip having a central fastening surface fastened to the bracket assembly and a pair of integrally formed wing members extending outwardly from the central fastening surface;
- a plurality of tile perimeter strips configured to reside along a rear surface of a respective wall panel, each tile perimeter strip comprising: a generally C-shaped member having a planar surface configured to reside along a rear surface of a respective wall panel, and a receiving member integrally attached to the C-shaped member and having a slot adapted to engage and interlock one of the wing members of the attachment clip, thus operatively connecting a respective wall panel to the attachment clip and, thereby, to the wall; wherein the system is configured to allow wall panels to be secured to respective bracket assemblies in any sequence.
2. The attachment system of claim 1, wherein each panel comprises a plurality of photovoltaic cells for converting solar energy to electrical energy.
3. The attachment system of claim 2, wherein each panel further comprises:
- a substantially flat exterior surface; and
- an electrical cable for delivering electrical current from the plurality of photovoltaic cells.
4. The attachment system of claim 1, wherein each panel is fabricated from a ceramic material.
5. The attachment system of claim 4, wherein:
- each panel further comprises a substantially flat exterior surface; and
- each panel is fabricated from a porcelain material to form a porcelain ceramic tile.
6. The attachment system of claim 4, further comprising:
- a plurality of thin metallic sheets placed along and connected to the planar surface of the panel perimeter strips, wherein each of the plurality of ceramic panels is adhesively connected to a corresponding metallic sheet.
7. The attachment system of claim 1, wherein:
- each bracket assembly comprises two back-to-back L-angle brackets fastened to each other to form a generally Z shaped assembly, a first end of which is for attachment to the wall and a second end of which is for fastening to an attachment clip; and
- the pairs of wing members of the attachment clips extends outwardly from the central fastening surface in a substantially symmetrical manner.
8. The attachment system of claim 1, wherein each C-shaped member further comprises a through-opening to permit the ingress and egress of air and moisture behind the rigid wall panels to provide a pressure-balanced and moisture-drained environment.
9. The attachment system of claim 1, further comprising:
- a plurality of infill strips non-sealingly disposed within respective slots of the tile perimeter strips so as to cover the fastener, each infill strip being fabricated from a substantially rigid material comprising aluminum, aluminum and polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride (PVC), or combinations thereof.
10. The attachment system of claim 1, wherein each fastener comprises a threaded fastener.
11. The attachment system of claim 1, wherein each panel perimeter strip is pre-adhered to a wall panel before installation to the building wall.
12. The attachment system of claim 1, further comprising:
- an isolation tape applied between each attachment clip and a corresponding bracket assembly.
13. The attachment system of claim 1, wherein:
- each attachment clip comprises aluminum; and
- each bracket assembly comprises steel.
14. The attachment system of claim 1, wherein each tile perimeter strip is fabricated at least partially from anodized aluminum.
15. The attachment system of claim 1, further comprising:
- a panel stiffener placed between opposing tile perimeter strips along the rear surface of each wall panel to reinforce each wall panel.
16. The attachment system of claim 1, further comprising:
- an adhesive applied to the rear surface of each wall panel and adhered to each tile perimeter strip along the planar surface, wherein the adhesive comprises structural silicone adhesive, bonding tape, or combinations thereof.
17. The attachment system of claim 16, wherein:
- the adhesive is a structural silicone adhesive applied to the rear surface of each wall panel; and
- the adhesive on each rear surface resides adjacent a strip of foam tape.
18. A photovoltaic (PV) wall panel system for attaching multiple PV wall panels to an exterior building wall, each PV wall panel having a dead load, and the system comprising:
- a plurality of PV wall panels, each PV wall panel comprising a plurality of photovoltaic cells for converting solar energy to electrical energy;
- a plurality of bracket assemblies configured to be fastened to the exterior building wall;
- a plurality of attachment clips configured to be fastened to respective bracket assemblies by a fastener and to carry the dead loads of the respective PV wall panels, each attachment clip having a central fastening surface fastened to the bracket assembly and at least one integrally formed wing member, each wing member extending from the central fastening surface;
- a plurality of tile perimeter strips, each tile perimeter strip comprising: a generally C-shaped member having a planar surface configured to reside along a rear surface of a respective PV wall panel, and a receiving member integrally attached to the C-shaped member having a slot adapted to engage and interlock one of the wing members of the attachment clip; and
- an adhesive for connecting the wall panels to the planar surfaces of the C-shaped members at least along selected edges; and
- wherein the system is configured to allow the PV wall panels to be secured to respective bracket assemblies in any sequence.
19. The attachment system of claim 18, further comprising:
- one or more cable guides attached to each bracket assembly, wherein each of the cable guides is configured to receive electrical cables extending from the rear surface of the PV wall panels for delivering electrical current from the plurality of photovoltaic cells.
20. The attachment system of claim 18, further comprising:
- at least one panel stiffener fixed between the C-shaped members of opposing tile perimeter strips to provide support for each PV wall panel along the rear surface.
21. The attachment system of claim 18, wherein the adhesive comprises structural silicone adhesive, strips of bonding tape, or combinations thereof.
22. The attachment system of claim 18, wherein:
- the adhesive is a structural silicone adhesive applied to the rear surface of each wall panel; and
- the adhesive on each rear surface resides adjacent a strip of foam tape.
23. A hybrid wall panel system for attaching multiple wall panels to an exterior building wall, each wall panel having a dead load, and the system comprising:
- a plurality of bracket assemblies configured to be fastened to the exterior wall;
- a plurality of attachment clips configured to be fastened to respective bracket assemblies by a fastener and to carry the dead loads of the respective wall panels, each attachment clip having a central fastening surface fastened to the bracket assembly and a pair of integrally formed wing members, each wing member extending from the central fastening surface;
- a plurality of solar wall panels, each solar wall panel having a plurality of photovoltaic cells for converting solar energy to electrical energy;
- a plurality of tile perimeter strips configured to be adhesively connected to a rear surface of a respective solar wall panel, each tile perimeter strip comprising: a generally C-shaped member having a planar surface configured to reside along a rear surface of a respective wall panel, and a receiving member integrally attached to the C-shaped member and having a slot adapted to engage and interlock one of the wing members of the attachment clip, thus operatively connecting a respective wall panel to the attachment clip and, thereby, to the wall;
- an adhesive for connecting the solar wall panels to the planar surfaces of the C-shaped members at least along selected edges;
- a plurality of non-PV wall panels, each non-PV wall panel having an exterior flat surface and at least two side surfaces bent generally perpendicularly to the exterior flat surface and defining a hollow interior portion;
- a plurality of panel perimeter strips configured to be fastened to one side surface of a respective non-PV wall panel, each panel perimeter strip comprising: a generally C-shaped member configured to extend reside inside of and reside along an inside portion of a side surface of a respective wall panel, and a receiving member integrally attached to the C-shaped member configured to extend beyond the side surface of a wall panel and having a slot adapted to engage and interlock one of the wing members of the attachment clip, thus operatively connecting a respective wall panel to the attachment clip and, thereby, to the wall;
- one or more rivets provided along the side surface of respective non-PV wall panels to connect the side surface to the receiving member of a respective panel perimeter strip;
- wherein: the hybrid system is configured to allow non-PV wall panels to be secured to respective bracket assemblies in any sequence; at least one solar wall panel is adjacent to at least one non-PV wall panel; and the tile perimeter strips and the panel perimeter strips are dimensioned and configured such that the exterior surfaces of the solar wall panels and the non-PV wall panels are substantially flush with one another.
24. The attachment system of claim 23, further comprising:
- at least one panel stiffener fixed between the C-shaped members of opposing tile perimeter strips to provide support for each PV wall panel along the rear surface.
25. The attachment system of claim 23, wherein the adhesive comprises structural silicone adhesive, bonding tape, or combinations thereof.
26. The attachment system of claim 23, wherein:
- the adhesive is a structural silicone adhesive applied to the rear surface of each wall panel; and
- the adhesive on each rear surface resides adjacent a strip of foam tape.
27. The attachment system of claim 23, wherein the system is configured to allow the solar wall panels to be secured to respective bracket assemblies in any sequence.
Type: Application
Filed: Dec 19, 2011
Publication Date: Apr 12, 2012
Inventors: Robert B. Macdonald (London), Philip A. Macdonald (London)
Application Number: 13/329,409
International Classification: E04B 2/88 (20060101); E04B 1/70 (20060101); F24J 2/52 (20060101);