Gas Sample Collection and Analysis
A system and method for capturing a sample gas for analysis is disclosed. In one embodiment, the system includes an accumulator that has a variable volume. A volume of the sample gas is fed to the accumulator. The system also has an analyzer. An aliquot of the sample gas is withdrawn from the accumulator and fed to the analyzer. The analyzer analyzes a desired component of the sample gas.
This application is a non-provisional application that claims the benefit of U.S. application Ser. No. 60/917,955 filed on May 15, 2007, which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.
STATEMENT REGARDING FEDERALLY SPONSORED RESEARCH OR DEVELOPMENTNot applicable.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to the field of chemical analysis and more specifically to the field of sample gas collection and analysis.
2. Background of the Invention
Chemical analysis often includes analyzing the amount of carbon or other elements such as nitrogen in a sample. Conventional practice for detecting carbon or such other elements in samples (i.e., solid, sludge or aqueous samples) employs techniques to convert the element of interest to a gas product prior to making the measurement. For instance, through oxidation or combustion, carbon in the sample may be combined with oxygen to produce carbon dioxide. The gas of interest is typically transferred to a calibrated analyzer (i.e., total organic carbon analyzer) by which the gas of interest is measured in a single-pass measurement to determine the level of product present in the sample. Drawbacks include the inability to store a sample for later analysis. Additional drawbacks with the single-pass measurement include the inability to satisfy a need for multiple analyses of a sample. Further drawbacks to the single-pass measurement include no opportunity to re-test after adjusting system parameters when calibration ranges are exceeded or detection limits are not achieved.
Conventional analyzers use a variety of oxidation techniques including combustion chemical reactions and catalytic reactions to convert target products to the analytical gas for measurement by the analyzer detection system. For instance, an example of a conventional analyzer detector is a nondispersive infrared sensor (NDIR). Drawbacks to current analyzer designs include the limitation of the detector range capability. In addition, direct measurement systems drive operational inefficiencies involving samples with a high concentration of the product of interest and generate gas concentrations above the calibration or saturation points of the detector. Additional inefficiencies include samples with concentrations of the product of interest that are too low to generate gases or with concentrations above the detection limit of the detector.
Consequently, there is a need for an improved process for measuring the level of a component in a sample. Further needs include an improved process that allows for multiple measurements to be made on the gases generated from a single sample. Needs also include an improved process that provides analyzer designs to operate over a broader dynamic range and be fault tolerant to over and under ranging.
BRIEF SUMMARY OF SOME OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTSThese and other needs in the art are addressed in one embodiment by a system for capturing a sample gas for analysis. The system includes an accumulator. The accumulator has a variable volume. A volume of the sample gas is fed to the accumulator. The system also includes an analyzer. An aliquot of the sample gas is withdrawn from the accumulator and fed to the analyzer. The analyzer analyzes a desired component of the sample gas.
These and other needs in the art are addressed in another embodiment by a method for capturing a sample gas for analysis. The method includes feeding the sample gas to an accumulator, wherein the accumulator has a variable volume. The method also includes withdrawing an aliquot of the sample gas from the accumulator. The method further includes feeding the aliquot of the sample gas to an analyzer. In addition, the method includes analyzing a desired component of the sample gas.
The foregoing has outlined rather broadly the features and technical advantages of the present invention in order that the detailed description of the invention that follows may be better understood. Additional features and advantages of the invention will be described hereinafter that form the subject of the claims of the invention. It should be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the conception and the specific embodiments disclosed may be readily utilized as a basis for modifying or designing other embodiments for carrying out the same purposes of the present invention. It should also be realized by those skilled in the art that such equivalent embodiments do not depart from the spirit and scope of the invention as set forth in the appended claims.
For a detailed description of the preferred embodiments of the invention, reference will now be made to the accompanying drawings in which:
In an embodiment as illustrated in
Chamber separator 35 and flexible bag 165 are flexible membranes that are impermeable by gas. In embodiments, chamber separator 35 and flexible bag 165 are flexible and impermeable by gas but are non-elastic. Without being limited by theory, elastic deformation of chamber separator 35 or flexible bag 165 may impart varying pressure on sample gas 105, and in some embodiments a constant pressure is desired in the operation of accumulator 10. In an embodiment, the constant pressure is at atmospheric pressure. Further, without being limited by theory, a constant pressure is desired to eliminate the number of pumping, measuring, and regulating devices involved with pressurized systems. Chamber separator 35 and flexible bag 165 may be composed of any material that is flexible but non-elastic. Without limitation, examples of suitable materials for chamber separator 35 and flexible bag 165 include high density polyethylene or MYLAR, which is a registered trademark of E.I. Du Pont de Nemours and Company. In alternative embodiments, chamber separator 35 and flexible bag 165 may have a minimum amount of elasticity. In such alternative embodiments, chamber separator 35 and flexible bag 165 may be composed of any flexible and non gas permeable materials that exhibit elasticity. In some embodiments, the materials of chamber separator 35 and flexible bag 165 are selected based on the, chemical nature of the gases involved and compatibility therewith.
As shown in
As further illustrated in
In an embodiment of the operation of sample analysis process 5 as illustrated in
In the embodiment illustrated in
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As further illustrated in
In an embodiment of the operation of sample analysis process 5 as illustrated in.
In alternative embodiments, sample analysis process 5 may also include valve 100, which allows a backflow of gas 65 to prevent combustion tube 80 from being contaminated with atmospheric carbon dioxide. In some of such alternative embodiments, gas 65 may flow through a flow restrictor 125 before valve 100.
It is to be understood that the embodiments of
In alternative embodiments (not illustrated), sample analysis process 5 does not include sample gas collection apparatus 15 but instead the desired sample gas 105 to be analyzed is provided and fed to accumulator 10 with sample analysis process 5 operating otherwise as described above.
In other alternative embodiments, chamber separator 35 and flexible bag 165 are elastic. In such alternative embodiments, sample side 40 and flexible bag 165 are not fully filled with sample 105, which prevents elastic deformation of chamber separator 35 and flexible bag 165 from sample gas 105 and allows a constant pressure in accumulator 10.
Therefore, sample analysis process 5 including accumulator 10 provides the advantage of regulating the amount of sample gas 105 passed to analyzer 150. Additional advantages include the ability to store sample gas 105 for analysis at a later time. Further advantages provided include adjusting the size of samples (i.e., the aliquots) fed to analyzer 150 as well as allowing repeated samples of the same size to be fed to analyzer 150. For instance, in some embodiments, small aliquots of sample gas 105 may be desired for analysis for high carbon content, and large aliquots of sample gas 105 may be desired for low carbon content. Consequently, sample analysis process 5 provides a reservoir (i.e., accumulator 10) to provide a broad range of sample sizes for a multitude of measurements.
Although the present invention and its advantages have been described in detail, it should be understood that various changes, substitutions and alterations may be made herein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims
1. A sample-gas dispensing system, comprising:
- a sample gas source, configured to feed a sample gas;
- a variable-volume accumulator configured to accumulate an increasing volume of the sample gas;
- an analyzer, wherein the variable-volume accumulator is configured to dispense a first aliquot of the sample gas to the analyzer,
- wherein the variable-volume accumulator is simultaneously coupled to the sample gas source and the analyzer.
2. The system of claim 1, wherein the accumulator comprises a chamber, and wherein the chamber comprises a sample side and a pressure side, and further wherein the sample side contains a variable volume of the sample gas.
3. The system of claim 2, wherein the chamber comprises a chamber separator that separates the sample side from the pressure side and prevents flow of gas between the sample side and the pressure side, and wherein the chamber separator comprises a flexible membrane that is impermeable by gas.
4. The system of claim 2, wherein the chamber comprises a flexible bag that prevents flow of sample gas to the pressure side, and wherein the flexible bag is impermeable by gas.
5. The system of claim 2, wherein a valve allows the pressure side to be open to the atmosphere when the sample gas is fed to the sample side.
6. The system of claim 2, wherein a purge gas fed to the pressure side forces the sample gas out of the sample side, and wherein a valve closes the sample side to the analyzer and opens the sample side to a vent to atmosphere.
7. The system of claim 1, wherein the accumulator comprises a flexible bag that is impermeable by gas.
8. The system of claim 7, further comprising a vacuum, wherein the vacuum removes sample gas from the flexible bag.
9. The system of claim 8, wherein a purge gas is fed to the flexible bag to purge the flexible bag after the vacuum removes the sample gas from the flexible bag.
10. The system of claim 9, wherein the purge gas is removed from the flexible bag by the vacuum.
11. The system of claim 1, wherein the sample gas source comprises a combustion furnace.
12. The system of claim 1, wherein the system is operated at atmospheric pressure.
13. The system of claim 1, wherein the accumulator comprises a single gas orifice, wherein the single gas orifice is simultaneously coupled with the sample gas source and the analyzer.
14. The system of claim 1, wherein the accumulator comprises a single gas orifice, wherein the single gas orifice is simultaneously coupled with the variable-volume sample gas source and a purge gas source or a vacuum.
15. The system of claim 1, wherein the variable-volume accumulator is configured to dispense a second aliquot of sample gas to the analyzer.
16. The system of claim 15, wherein the second aliquot of sample gas has a different volume than the first aliquot of sample gas.
17. A sample-gas dispensing system, comprising:
- a sample gas source;
- a sample gas analyzer;
- accumulator means for accumulating sample gas in a variable volume and releasing first and second aliquots of sample gas to the sample gas analyzer,
- wherein the sample gas source, the accumulator means, and the sample gas analyzer are simultaneously coupled together.
18. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein the accumulator means comprises a chamber, and wherein the chamber comprises a variable-volume sample side and a pressure side.
19. The apparatus of claim 18, wherein the chamber comprises a gas-impermeable flexible membrane interposed between the sample side and the pressure side.
20. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein the accumulator means comprises a flexible bag that is impermeable by gas.
21. The, apparatus of claim 20, further comprising means for purging the flexible bag of the sample gas by a vacuum.
22. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein the volume of sample gas in the second aliquot is different from the volume of sample gas in the first aliquot.
23. The system of claim 17 wherein the sample gas source comprises a combustion furnace.
24. A sample-gas dispensing system, comprising:
- a combustion furnace configured to emit a sample gas;
- a variable-volume flexible bag coupled to the combustion furnace, the variable-volume flexible bag configured to accumulate an increasing volume of the sample gas emitted by the combustion furnace;
- an analyzer coupled to the variable-volume flexible bag; and
- means for dispensing a first aliquot and a second aliquot of sample gas from the variable-volume flexible bag to the analyzer.
25. The system of claim 24. wherein the first and second aliquots have different volumes.
Type: Application
Filed: May 29, 2012
Publication Date: Oct 4, 2012
Applicant: 0.I. CORPORATION D/B/A 0.I. ANALYTICAL (College Station, TX)
Inventor: Joseph A. Brandesky (College Station, TX)
Application Number: 13/482,983
International Classification: G01N 1/22 (20060101);