Computer-Operated Landscape Irrigation And Lighting System
A multi-zone landscape irrigation and lighting system includes a personal computer equipped with a detachable wireless remote, and a multi-station controller operating a plurality of irrigation valves and lighting circuits in accordance with schedules wirelessly transmitted to it by the computer through the remote. When detached from the computer, the remote can wirelessly operate selected irrigation or lighting zones manually. The computer has an intuitive graphic user interface capable of using actual zone photographs to identify individual zones in a strip of zone icons. The icon strip is movable past a lens-like window, the zone icon under the lens at a given time determining the zone currently programmable. A residential system can be operated by a contractor from the street, and the system can be programmed by e-mail from the contractor's shop. Fully automatic operation may be derived from data obtained over the Internet.
This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/091,272 filed Apr. 23, 2008 entitled Computer-Operated Landscape Irrigation And Lighting System, issuing on Jun. 26, 2012 as U.S. Pat. No. 8,209,061, which is the U.S. National Phase of and claims priority to International Patent Application No. PCT/US2006/029947 filed 31 Jul. 2006 entitled Computer-Operated Landscape Irrigation And Lighting System, which in turn claims priority from U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 60/729,612 filed Oct. 24, 2005 entitled Method And Apparatus For Establishing An Irrigation Scheme, all of which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entireties.
FIELD OF THE INVENTIONThis invention relates to personal computer (PC) operated irrigation control and lighting systems, and more particularly to a combined irrigation and lighting system using at least one PC with a detachable radio transceiver to operate at least one multi-zone, multi-mode remote controller unit through the use of an intuitive zone-driven graphic user interface allowing user-selected, semi-automatic, or fully automatic irrigation scheduling.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTIONThere is a substantial market in the landscape irrigation industry for residential and commercial irrigation control systems that can individually water a number of zones on a property that have different watering requirements in accordance with location, soil composition, exposure, vegetation and seasonal climatological factors. Homeowners or other users with such a property tend to be more or less computer-literate and are likely to own one or more computers. Because the multitude of initial settings and seasonal adjustments required for the proper operation of even a relatively small number of zones with different watering requirements on a specific property can be daunting, it is desirable to provide the user with a computer program that calculates a watering schedule for the user.
Taking into account the fact that some users like to frequently fine-tune their irrigation system while others do not want to ever be bothered with it, it is desirable to give the user the choice of any degree of control between fully automatic adjustment in accordance with forecast or existing weather conditions, or fully manual adjustment of any system parameters in accordance with personal judgment. Thus, the use of the PC for controlling the system should be sufficiently intuitive to minimize errors in complex set-ups, and to allow a do-it-yourself user to operate the system without memorizing seldom-used routines. On the other hand, the system should accommodate a disinterested user by automatically updating the system and allowing a landscaping contractor to periodically monitor and adjust the system without entering the property.
It has also been believed in the past that automatically adjustable irrigation control systems are impractical for controlling landscape illumination because the parameters that enter into automatic irrigation control are not compatible with the parameters that typically govern lighting. Yet it would be economically and practically desirable for the user to have a single, uniformly operated device that can control both irrigation and lighting.
OBJECTS AND SUMMARY OF THE INVENTIONThe PC control of this invention accomplishes the above-described desired functionality by providing a portable remote control which normally plugs into a universal serial bus (USB) or serial port of the user's PC, and which communicates by radio with one or more controllers located on the property. The controllers in turn operate water valves, pumps and/or lighting relays for landscape and lighting zones in their vicinity. Operational schedules established by the inventive software running on the computer are uploaded into the controllers by passing through the remote. The controllers are identifiable as a group, and individually within the group, by codes that prevent interference from a neighbor's system, yet allow an authorized service technician to reprogram the controllers with the technician's remote without entering the homeowner's property or using the homeowner's computer. The codes allow the addition or removal of controllers or zones at any time.
In addition to transmitting schedules to the controllers, the remote can also (at the computer's command) interrogate the controllers and download their schedules onto the computer. Furthermore, the remote can, when separated from the PC, manually turn any zone on or off, so that the zone's proper operation can be checked on a walk-through of the property.
Scheduling errors in the complex systems made possible by this invention are minimized by a novel intuitive, zone-oriented graphic interface displayed on the computer. The interface consists of a graphic for each zone with a set of selectable subscreens on which schedule and zone parameters can be established. In one novel error-reducing aspect of the invention, the graphic is so arranged that a zone can be selected not only by its number and name, but by an actual photograph of the zone currently being programmed.
Each zone graphic allows the user to change the zone's runtimes by a selected common percentage for fine-tuning purposes. Each zone can also be designated as an irrigation zone (subject to automatic adjustments) or a lighting zone (whose start times and runtimes can be automatically changed in accordance with sunrise and sunset times).
To accommodate semi-automatic or fully automatic, unsupervised operation, the inventive system may be equipped with an overridable Scheduling Advisor™ capability that uses weather forecasts and zone parameter information to compute the water needs of each zone for an upcoming period of days. The Scheduling Advisor™ then adjusts the zone's watering schedules accordingly. On rainy days, a rain sensor may adjust or override watering schedules as needed.
The current watering or lighting schedule for all zones, the zones' individual parameters and the system's global settings are stored in the computer as a file. Because files can be transmitted via e-mail or by other electronic means, the invention allows the user to e-mail the current schedule to a landscape contractor to diagnose and/or repair any software problems in the shop without making a service call. A corrected file can then be e-mailed to the homeowner and downloaded onto the computer. Because each schedule is a separate, storable and accessible data structure in one file, a user is always able to recapture the contractor's initial installation schedule if he or she loses track of modifications. Alternatively, the homeowner can instantly recall any number of previously established complex schedules as climatological or other circumstances change from time to time.
For purposes described below, the system of this invention may alternatively be accessed, if desired, within the range capabilities of the wireless system from a contractor's truck 27 or the like by the use of the contractor's computer 10a and remote 14a.
B. The RemotePreferably, the portable functions of the remote 14 are accessed by manipulating the four digits 45a, 45b, 45c and 45d shown on the display 28 with the buttons 30, 32 and 38. The shuttle button 38 scrolls across the display 28 to select a digit and cause it to blink, while the UP and DOWN buttons 30, 32 increment and decrement the digit. To turn on a particular zone in manual mode, the first two digits 45a and 45b are set to the zone number, and the last two digits 45c and 45d are set to the runtime. Then, when the START button 34 is pressed, the appropriate command is transmitted to the controller 18. Receipt of the command is confirmed by a blinking drop symbol 46 in the display 28. At any time, the selected zone may be turned off by pressing the STOP button 36, or operation may be transferred to the next zone by pressing the UP button 30.
As explained in more detail below with reference to
For security purposes, the system of this invention uses a four-digit system PIN which can be set by the PC 10, and which identifies the system in which the remote 14 can operate. When the remote 14 is plugged into the PC 10, it acts as a pass-through which transmits commands from the PC 10 to the controller 18, and transmits acknowledgements and status data from the controller 18 to the PC 10. When the remote 14 is unplugged from the computer 10, it stores any data received from the controller 18, displays selected parts of it on the display 28 as described below in conjunction with
To set or reset the PIN of remote 14, the shuttle button 38 is held down while the UP button 30 is pressed. The PIN indicator 47 (
To operate a zone manually, either the UP button 30 or the DOWN button 32 is pressed. The MANUAL indicator 65, time icon 67, and valve icon 69 or light icon 71 (depending upon the nature of the selected zone) appear, together with the digits 45a through 45d and the MIN indicator 73. Using the SHUTTLE button 38 and the UP and DOWN buttons 30, 32, the desired zone can be set with digits 45a and 45b, while the desired runtime can be set with digits 45c and 45d. Runtimes greater than 59 minutes convert the digits 45c and 45d to hours and tenths of hours by substituting the HR indicator 75 for the MIN indicator 73 and displaying the decimal point 77. When the START button 34 is now pressed, the water drop icon 79 flashes, and the digits 45c and 45d start to count down. Pressing the UP button 32 during this time switches the manual operation to the next zone.
A plurality of zones can be run sequentially in multi-manual mode. The multi-manual mode is initiated by holding the START button 38 down for two seconds or more. The MULTI-indicator is added to the previously described display. In this mode, each selection followed by START is added to a list of zones to be run manually, and a final pressing of START initiates the multi-manual run.
The light button 40 is essentially a single toggle switch for all the lighting zones together. Pressing it brings up the light icon 71, the time icon 67, and the digits 45c and 45d with the appropriate combination of decimal point 77, MIN indicator 73 and HR indicator 75. Simply pressing the light button 40, when acknowledged, outlines the light icon 71 with rays 83 and starts the countdown of the digits 45c, 45d. Runtime can be adjusted in the same manner as the watering zones. During the adjustment, the rays 83 are deleted. Pressing START after the adjustment returns the rays 83 and restarts the countdown.
The rain sensor icon 85 appears when a rain sensor is preventing the controller 18 from running any scheduled watering zones. This action can be overridden by initiating a manual or multi-manual watering as described above. This is indicated by a flashing rain icon 87.
If the controller 18 reports a shorted zone solenoid, the SHORT indicator 89 and the lightning bolt 91 appear. A visit to the controller 18 is then necessary to identify the shorted zone and repair it.
The remote 14 queries the controller 18 every few seconds if it does not get a clear acknowledgment from the controller 18. During that time, the SENDING indicator 95 appears to let the user know that a data download is in progress.
Although the remote 14 is normally powered by the computer 10 through the USB cable, it is equipped with a battery for portable use. A battery icon 91 appears, whenever the remote 14 is disconnected from the computer 10, if the internal battery is low. When the remote 14 is plugged into the computer 10 (and therefore controllable only by the computer 10), only the USB icon 93 is shown, while digits 45b and 45c form the letters PC.
C. The ControllerAs seen in
The controller 18 is equipped with a wireless transceiver (not shown) that is arranged to communicate with the remote 14. If there is more than one controller 18 in the system, the transceiver also communicates with the next or previous controller 18 in a chain of controllers. The communication protocol is preferably such that one controller 18 is the master, and the others are slaves although master capabilities can be transferred to any one of them or to the remote 14. This allows, for example, rain shut-off of a whole multi-controller system by a single rain sensor 26 connected to the master controller 18, or the operation of a single master valve or pump 22 to provide system water pressure whenever any sprinkler 20 is energized.
The controller 18 is powered from an appropriate external source and is equipped with a conventional microprocessor (not shown) which is programmed, in accordance with conventional programming techniques, to execute the inventive functionalities described herein. Each controller 18 has an identification code including a preferably four-digit selectable system PIN plus a selectable single-digit sequence identifier which identifies its place in a multi-controller chain. If the system includes more than one controller 18, the controller with the sequence identifier “1” is the master controller to which the rain sensor and the master valve (or pump) are connected. The master controller can directly transmit the rain sensor status to the other controllers and to the remote 14, and it can receive from any other controller a request to turn on the master valve when a watering zone on that controller is turned on.
When the physical layout of the system makes it desirable to connect the rain sensor and master valve to another controller, that controller can be made the master simply by switching sequence identifiers with the previous master. For security reasons, this cannot be done from the computer 10 or remote 14, but must be done on the controllers 18 in the field.
Normally, the “Power” light 48a and one of the station lights 481 through 4812 (the latter indicating which zone will run next or, if flashing, which zone is currently running) are on during automatic operation. To set the identification code, the buttons 50f and 50g (which normally initiate manual and automatic operation, respectively) are pushed at the same time to place the controller 18 into identification mode.
In the identification mode, the station lights 481 through 4810 represent the numbers 1 through 0, respectively, while the status lights 48a through 48e represent the identification code digit that is currently being set. Station lights 4811, 4812 and status lights 48f, 48g (which in normal operation indicate, respectively, whether the controller 18 is in manual or automatic mode) are not used in the identification mode.
Simultaneously pushing the buttons 50f and 50g causes “Power” light 48a to flash, thereby indicating that the first digit of the identification code is ready to be set. The digit is set by repeatedly pushing button 50f to sequentially turn on the station lights 481 through 4810. When the station light corresponding to the desired value (e.g. 487 for the value 7) is reached, pressing button 50g sets the chosen value for the first digit. Concurrently, the “Power” light 48a goes back to steady illumination, and the “Signal” light 48b (which normally flashes randomly while radio communication is in progress) flashes regularly to indicate that the second digit of the identification code is ready to be set. The above-described setting procedure is now repeated to set the second digit.
The procedure continues with similarly setting the third, fourth and fifth digits of the identification code while the “Sensor” light 48c, “Master Valve/Pump” light 48d and “Test” light 48e, respectively, are flashing. After setting the fifth digit, pressing the button 50g for a few seconds produces a sequential visual “playback” of the chosen settings before returning the controller 18 to its normal automatic operation mode. It should be noted that although the system PIN portion of the identification codes of all controllers 18 can be set from the PC 10, their sequence identifier cannot.
D. The User InterfaceCommunication between the inventive system and its human operator is accomplished through the intuitive, zone-oriented graphic user interface (GUI) 100 of
The GUI 100 is zone-oriented in that all interaction between the operator and the system occurs on a screen or set of screens associated with a single selected zone. The selection of that zone is accomplished by selecting a zone icon in a zone selector or selecting a scheduled event in the weekly or monthly schedule described below. This moves a strip 114 of icons so as to place the icon of the desired zone under the magnifying glass 104. Alternatively, the strip 114 may be moved one icon at a time by clicking the arrows 116, 118. Each icon of the strip 114 is associated with a specific numbered zone. For example, in a system using four controllers 18 controlling twelve stations each, the strip 114 would contain forty-eight icons numbered 1 through 48. The icon under the magnifying glass at any given time determines the zone whose watering or lighting schedule is being defined.
On initial power-up of the system, all icons of the strip 114 (equal in number to the stations controllable by one controller 18) display their zone number 115 and name 117 (if any), and a default background or stylized generic image 119, e.g. of grass, as shown in
In order to display actual photographs of the system's zones, the relevant photographs may first be taken with a conventional digital camera and stored as JPEG (or other appropriate format) files in a conventional image folder on the computer 10 or on a disc. The GUI 100 is then opened, SETUP is clicked in the action selection section 108 (
If it is now desired to replace the background of icon 120 with a photograph, the “PHOTO” box 136 is clicked. This brings up a subscreen (
By clicking “SOFTWARE” in the management section 112, a subscreen 145 (
It will be noted that the “ZONES” screen in the management section 112 of
While still in “SETUP” mode, clicking “CONTROLLER” in the management section 112 brings the GUI 100 to the display of
The events in all schedules are timed in accordance with the operating system clock of the computer 10. In most modern computers, that clock sets itself to daylight saving time in the summer. Because natural processes such as sunrise and sunset do not go on daylight saving time, the user may desire to offset the operation of the inventive system from the time called for by the operating system. Consequently, setting the system time and date on the subscreen 150 differently from the computer's operating system time and date creates an offset which is then applied to all time and date calculations performed by the inventive program.
Manual operation of the selected zone can be achieved by clicking “MANUAL” to bring up the screen of
Clicking “ADVISOR” on the handle 106 brings up the screen of
The global parameters used by the Scheduling Advisor™ are set by clicking “WEATHER” in the management section 112. This brings up the screen of
Based on the selected physical characteristics (i.e. sprinkler type, exposure, slope, soil etc.) of the various zones and the geographical location and weather conditions entered at 164, the Scheduling Advisor™ now computes for each watering zone, in the manner described below, an optimum operating schedule for, e.g., the next nine days, based on nine days of forecast weather data. This proposed schedule is shown at 170 in
The operation of the Scheduling Advisor™ is based on the recognition that optimum watering is dependent on two interdependent but separately functional variables: runtime and interval. The runtime is determined by the amount of water needed in any given irrigation cycle to maintain the soil moisture at root level within a predetermined range. The interval, on the other hand, is determined by the climatological water loss due to evapotranspiration (ET). The two variables are interrelated in that runtime divided by interval must equal the total amount of irrigation required to maintain soil moisture generally constant during a given period of time.
Theoretically, plants can survive without runoff as long as the soil moisture is between field capacity (i.e. the maximum amount of water the soil can hold) and the wilt point (i.e. dryness sufficient to visibly impair a plant's condition). In practice, however, healthy plant growth requires that the soil moisture at root level be kept within a much smaller range. This range is known as the managed allowable depletion (MAD) range, which varies by plant type and soil characteristics. The objective of the Scheduling Advisor™ program of this invention is to maintain the soil moisture in the MAD range using a minimum number of watering cycles.
The Scheduling Advisor™ program of
For domestic residential installations, it is usually not desirable to water each zone every day. On the other hand, it is undesirable to allow the soil moisture to exceed the MAD range in either the dryness or wetness direction. In order to ascertain the amount of water that needs to be replaced by each watering event, the inventive program calculates, separately for each zone, the following formulas:
PAW=root depth*AW (1)
AD=MAD*PAW (2)
ADdays=AD/(ET0*Kc) (3)
In these formulas,
-
- PAW represents plant available water or soil reservoir capacity;
- Root depth depends on the time of year (i.e. the date and geographic location), and the plant type and the soil type entered for the zone;
- AW represents the available water in the soil. It depends on the plant type and soil type, and is essentially the field capacity minus the wilt point;
- AD represents the allowable depletion, which is the amount of water that can leave the root zone before needing to be replaced.
- MAD is the selected managed allowable depreciation, which is the percentage of water that should always be made available to the plant. This again depends on the plant type and soil type, and the override adjustment entered by the user;
- ADdays represents the allowable depreciation days, i.e. the number of days in which the AD amount of water will be gone due to evapotranspiration;
- ET0 represents the basic ET figure calculated from the weather service and adjusted for exposure, and
- Kc represents an empirically determined crop coefficient which is a function of the date in the growing season at the system's zip code, and of the type of plant being grown in the zone. Representative values of Kc for various conditions are available from research publications.
The soil type determines the infiltration rate of water into the soil. This in turn determines the MAD range which controls the volume of water needed per irrigation event. The interval between irrigation events is thus
Interval=AD/ET0*Kc (4)
and the runtime is
Runtime=AD/(Pr*60) (5)
in which Pr is the precipitation rate determined by the user's choice of irrigation devices for the zone involved.
The runtime for each watering event is thus determined by the volume of water to be delivered, the precipitation rate, the plants' root depth, and the ability of the soil to absorb water (i.e. the infiltration rate). Empirical data regarding the last two factors is available in published research. The infiltration rate, precipitation rate and slope come into play again in determining the number of watering cycles per watering event necessary to avoid runoff.
The number of cycles is
NC=Total runtime/IR (6)
in which IR is the infiltration rate of the soil, which is a function of the soil type, the selected surface slope, and to a lesser degree the plant density and soil compaction. The latter can be handled by a selected zone adjustment if necessary. Finally, the runtime per cycle is
RPC=Total runtime/NC (7)
At this point, a basic watering schedule has been established. The inventive program now modifies that schedule to take into account constraints imposed by user inputs (e.g. non-watering days) or controller features (e.g. 7-day maximum interval or limited number of start times per event). Because the interval has to be an integral number of days, such modifications use normalization to recalculate both the interval and the runtime to match the constraints, unless a satisfactory approximation can be obtained by rounding.
In order to provide the user with the ability to override the schedule computed in accordance with this invention, the program contains an override control accessible with the PC's mouse to arbitrarily increase or decrease watering for a particular zone. In accordance with one aspect of the present invention, this override is accomplished not by simply changing the runtime by a percentage as is conventionally done, but by adjusting the normalization used in the program's calculations. This allows the user to change the overall watering of a zone by a simple adjustment (173 in
When the system has been checked out and all the parameters and operational modes of the software program have been set (or left in their default condition), the schedule is ready to be transmitted to the controller 18. For this purpose, an “UPDATE CONTROLLER” button 174 appears in the action selection section 108 of the GUI 100 (
Because a zone-by-zone non-automatic setup of the system can be lengthy (a preferred embodiment of the invention may be able to control four twelve-station controllers for a total of forty-eight zones), it is desirable that a schedule once established, but later superseded by another, can be recalled at any time by a simple mouse click. For this purpose, clicking “OPEN” in the action selection section 108 brings up a Schedule screen 176 (
A button 181 may also be provided in the screen of
Highlighting a desired schedule in window 176 and clicking “OPEN” in the button set 180 brings up the Weekly Schedule subscreen 183 (
The Weekly Schedule subscreen 183 of
The selection of a schedule for any given zone currently under the lens 104 is initially done during set-up in the SCHEDULE mode of the zone control section 110 as described above in connection with
It will be noted that the intuitiveness of the GUI 100 is enhanced by the accordion-like arrangement of the zone control section 110 and management section 112. For example, as shown in
All the settings, GUI screens and icons of each irrigation and lighting schedule 178 of
The manner in which this is accomplished is illustrated in
Selecting “Get” in
Selecting “Send” in
Claims
1. A landscape control system, comprising:
- a first landscape controller connectable to a first plurality of valves controlling a first plurality of independently controllable irrigation zones within a landscape; said first landscape controller directly communicative with a sensor for measuring an irrigation condition for adjusting irrigation; and,
- a second landscape controller connectable to a second plurality of valves to control a second plurality of independently controllable irrigation zones within said landscape;
- wherein said first landscape controller is configured to directly transmit sensor data from said sensor to said second landscape controller.
2. The landscape control system of claim 1, wherein said sensor for measuring an irrigation condition is a rain sensor.
3. The landscape control system of claim 2, wherein said sensor data is rain sensor status data.
4. The landscape control system of claim 1, wherein said second landscape controller is configured to directly transmit to said first landscape controller to coordinate operation of a master valve.
5. The landscape control system of claim 1, wherein said second landscape controller is configured to directly transmit to said first landscape controller to coordinate operation of said water pump.
6. The landscape control system of claim 1, wherein said first landscape controller and said second landscape controller are part of a plurality of controllers that are logically chained together to relay data between each other.
7. The landscape control system of claim 1, further comprising a personal computer having a wireless transceiver, said personal computer being directly communicative with said first landscape controller.
8. A landscape control system, comprising:
- a first landscape controller connectable to a first plurality of valves controlling a first plurality of independently controllable irrigation zones within a landscape;
- a second landscape controller connectable to a second plurality of valves to control a second plurality of independently controllable irrigation zones within said landscape; said second landscape controller connectable to a master valve controlling water flow to said first plurality of valves and said second plurality of valves;
- wherein said first landscape controller is configured to directly transmit to said second landscape controller to coordinate operation of said master valve.
9. The landscape control system of claim 8, wherein said second landscape controller is directly communicative with a rain sensor and wherein said second landscape controller is configured to directly transmit sensor data from said rain sensor to said first landscape controller.
10. The landscape control system of claim 9, wherein said sensor data includes a status of said rain sensor.
11. The landscape control system of claim 8, wherein said first landscape controller is configured to directly transmit to said second landscape controller to coordinate operation of said water pump.
12. The landscape control system of claim 8, wherein first second landscape controller directly transmit a request to turn on said master valve.
13. The landscape control system of claim 8, further comprising a personal computer having a wireless transceiver, said personal computer being directly communicative with said second landscape controller.
14. A landscape control system, comprising:
- a first landscape controller connectable to a first plurality of valves controlling a first plurality of independently controllable irrigation zones within a landscape;
- a second landscape controller connectable to a second plurality of valves to control a second plurality of independently controllable irrigation zones within said landscape; said second landscape controller connectable to a water pump supplying water to said first plurality of valves and said second plurality of valves;
- wherein said first landscape controller is configured to directly transmit to said second landscape controller to coordinate operation of said water pump.
15. The landscape control system of claim 14, wherein said first landscape controller is configured to directly transmit to said second landscape controller to coordinate operation of said master valve.
16. The landscape control system of claim 14, wherein said second landscape controller is directly communicative with a rain sensor and wherein said second landscape controller is configured to directly transmit sensor data from said rain sensor to said first landscape controller.
17. The landscape control system of claim 16, wherein said sensor data includes a status of said rain sensor.
18. The landscape control system of claim 14, further comprising a personal computer having a wireless transceiver, said personal computer being directly communicative with said second landscape controller.
19. The landscape control system of claim 18, further comprising a graphical irrigation programming software executable on said personal computer for programming said first landscape controller and said second landscape controller.
20. The landscape control system of claim 14, wherein said first landscape controller and said second landscape controller are part of a plurality of controllers that are logically chained together to relay data between each other.
Type: Application
Filed: Jun 25, 2012
Publication Date: Oct 18, 2012
Inventors: Doug Palmer (Redlands, CA), Alex Korol (Diamond Bar, CA)
Application Number: 13/532,548
International Classification: A01G 25/16 (20060101);