EXHAUST MANIFOLD WITH SHIELDED COOLING
An exhaust manifold configured to be coupled to a cylinder head of an internal combustion engine includes a manifold section. The manifold section includes a manifold tube configured to receive exhaust gas from the cylinder head, and a water jacket tube at least partially defining a tube configured to receive cooling fluid. The manifold tube is received in the water jacket tube. The manifold section further includes a support in a gap between the manifold tube and the water jacket tube, and an adaptor tube coupled to the water jacket tube and configured to provide flow communication between the cylinder head and the manifold tube.
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The present disclosure relates to an exhaust manifold having a water jacket, and more particularly, to an engine exhaust manifold having a water jacket with shielded cooling.
BACKGROUNDDuring operation of an internal combustion engine, the exhaust manifold becomes very hot due to internal passage of hot exhaust gas exiting cylinders of the engine through an associated cylinder head, which is coupled to the exhaust manifold. As a result, water jackets have been provided on an exterior surface of exhaust manifolds. For example, a water-jacketed exhaust manifold for use in a marine engine is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,148,675 to Inman (“the '675 patent”). In particular, the '675 patent discloses a water jacketed header pipe connectable to a face of the exhaust manifold of the engine. The header pipe is cast to define water jacket spaces through which cooling water can flow. Openings are provided through the walls of the header pipe to the water jacket spaces, so that pipes can be connected to the header pipe to introduce cooling water into the water jacket spaces.
SUMMARYIn one aspect, the present disclosure includes an exhaust manifold configured to be coupled to a cylinder head of an internal combustion engine. The exhaust manifold includes a manifold section, and the manifold section includes a manifold tube configured to receive exhaust gas from the cylinder head, and a water jacket tube at least partially defining a tube configured to receive cooling fluid. The manifold tube is received in the water jacket tube. The manifold section further includes a support in a gap between the manifold tube and the water jacket tube, and an adaptor tube coupled to the water jacket tube and configured to provide flow communication between the cylinder head and the manifold tube.
According to a further aspect, the present disclosure includes an exhaust manifold configured to be coupled to a cylinder head of an internal combustion engine. The exhaust manifold includes a first manifold section and a second manifold section, and the first manifold section includes a manifold tube configured to receive exhaust gas from the cylinder head, and a water jacket tube at least partially defining a tube configured to receive cooling fluid. The manifold tube is received in the water jacket tube. The first manifold section further includes a support in a gap between the manifold tube and the water jacket tube, and an adaptor tube coupled to the water jacket tube and configured to provide flow communication between the cylinder head and the manifold tube. The first and second manifold sections are coupled to one another.
According to another aspect, the disclosure includes an internal combustion engine including a cylinder block defining a cylinder, a cylinder head coupled to the cylinder block, and an exhaust manifold coupled to the cylinder head. The cylinder head provides flow communication between the cylinder and the exhaust manifold. The exhaust manifold includes a manifold section, and the manifold section includes a manifold tube configured to receive exhaust gas from the cylinder head, and a water jacket tube at least partially defining a tube configured to receive cooling fluid. The manifold tube is received in the water jacket tube. The manifold section further includes a support in a gap between the manifold tube and the water jacket tube, and an adaptor tube coupled to the water jacket tube and configured to provide flow communication between the cylinder head and the manifold tube.
Exemplary engine 10 also includes a cylinder head 16 for providing intake and exhaust flow communication with cylinders 14 of each row. According to the exemplary embodiment shown in
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Exemplary manifold section 24 also includes an adaptor tube 42 coupled at one end to water jacket tube 34 and at an opposite end to cylinder head module 18. Adaptor tube 42 is configured to provide flow communication between exhaust port 32 of cylinder head module 18 and manifold tube 30 of manifold section 24. As shown in
In the exemplary embodiment shown in
Adaptor tube 42 may be secured to water jacket tube 34 via, for example, removable fasteners such as bolts, adhesives, and/or welding. In embodiments having a manifold adaptor 45, manifold adaptor 45 may be secured to water jacket tube 34 via the same fasteners as flange 44 of adaptor tube 42. According to some embodiments, manifold section 24 may be secured to cylinder head module 18 via removable fasteners such as bolts, with the fasteners extending from a side of water jacket tube 34 opposite cylinder head module 18, into threaded bores (not shown) in cylinder head module 18.
By virtue of this exemplary configuration, it may be possible to perform maintenance associated with one cylinder 14 more easily relative to an engine that includes a unitary cylinder head that serves as the cylinder head for an entire row of cylinders. Thus, it may not be necessary to remove the entire exhaust manifold 20. Rather, a manifold section 24 associated with the cylinder 14 being serviced may be removed without removing additional manifold sections 24. According to some embodiments, an individual cylinder head module 18 may be removed without removing any of manifold sections 24. For example, fasteners coupling a manifold section 24 to an associated cylinder head module 18 may be removed without removing the manifold section 24, and the cylinder head module 18 may be removed from cylinder block 12 by removing fasteners coupling the cylinder head module 18 to cylinder block 12.
In some embodiments, manifold adaptor 45 may not be secured to manifold section 24, as described above. Rather, manifold adaptor 45 may be sandwiched between flange 44 of adaptor tube 42 and cylinder head module 18, and held in place via the fasteners that secure manifold section 24 to cylinder head module 18.
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Exemplary manifold tubes 30 include a first end 68a at one longitudinal end of manifold tube 30 and a second end 68b at the opposite longitudinal end of manifold tube 30. A first end 68a of a first manifold section 24′ and a second end 68b of a second manifold section 24″ are configured to be coupled to one another to provide a slip joint, for example, where the inner surface of first end 68a fits around an outer surface of second end 68b. According to some embodiments, first and second ends 68a and 68b may be secured to one another via adhesives and/or welding. According to some embodiments, first and second ends 68a and 68b may be coupled to one another without the use of fasteners, adhesives, and/or welding. This may render it easier to assemble and disassemble adjacent manifold sections 24′ and 24″, for example, independently of one another.
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In the exemplary embodiment shown in
Exemplary engine 10 may be used to supply mechanical power to various machines, including, for example, pumps, compressors, generators, and vehicles. For example, engine 10 may be used in marine applications, such as to propel a boat or ship, or in oil exploration or drilling applications. In such applications, it may be desirable to provide an engine having an exhaust manifold that does not exceed a specified surface temperature, such as, for example, 200 degrees C.
According to some embodiments, exhaust manifold 20 may provide exhaust manifold surface temperatures below, for example, 200 degrees C. Gap 38 between manifold tube 30 and water jacket tube 34 provides an insulation shield between the outer surface of manifold tube 30 and water jacket tube 34. Gap 38 may contain a fluid, such as, for example, air and/or another gas, which reduces conduction between the outer surface of manifold tube 30 and water jacket tube 34. In addition, support 36 provides a reduced conduction path between manifold tube 30 and water jacket tube 34. As result, relative to exhaust manifolds having a water jacket but no gap between a tube conveying exhaust gas and the water jacket, exemplary exhaust manifold 20 may provide reduced exhaust manifold surface temperatures. In addition, by virtue of gap 38 serving to reduce heat transfer between manifold tube 30 and water jacket tube 34, a cooling system having a reduced capacity may be used while still meeting cooling requirements necessary to maintain the exhaust manifold surface temperature below a desired maximum. For example, it may be possible to use smaller radiators, lower capacity coolant pumps, and/or less coolant.
According to some embodiments, exhaust manifold 20 may provide flexibility of application and ease of service by virtue of including manifold sections 24. For example, manifold sections 24 may be dimensioned so that they may be assembled to provide an exhaust manifold for a number of engine configurations. For example, in the example shown in
For engines such as exemplary engine 10, which includes separate cylinder head modules 18 associated with each cylinder 14, exemplary exhaust manifold 20 may facilitate ease of service or maintenance for engine 10. For example, with individual cylinder head modules, it may be possible to perform maintenance associated with one cylinder 14 without removing an entire unitary cylinder head that serves as the cylinder head for an entire row of cylinders. In such a situation, it may not be necessary to remove the entire exhaust manifold 20. Rather, a manifold section 24 associated with the cylinder being serviced may be removed without removing additional manifold sections. According to some embodiments, an individual cylinder head module 18 may be removed without removing any of manifold sections 24 for exhaust manifold 20. For example, fasteners coupling a manifold section 24 to an associated cylinder head module 18 may be removed without removing the manifold section 24, and the cylinder head module 18 may be removed from cylinder block 12 by removing fasteners coupling the cylinder head module 18 to cylinder block 12.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made to the exemplary disclosed engine, exhaust systems, and related methods. Other embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art from consideration of the specification and practice of the exemplary disclosed embodiments. It is intended that the specification and examples be considered as exemplary only, with a true scope being indicated by the following claims and their equivalents.
Claims
1. An exhaust manifold configured to be coupled to a cylinder head of an internal combustion engine, the exhaust manifold comprising:
- a manifold section including: a manifold tube configured to receive exhaust gas from the cylinder head, a water jacket tube at least partially defining a tube configured to receive cooling fluid, the manifold tube being received in the water jacket tube, a support in a gap between the manifold tube and the water jacket tube, and an adaptor tube coupled to the water jacket tube and configured to provide flow communication between the cylinder head and the manifold tube.
2. The exhaust manifold of claim 1, wherein the manifold tube defines a longitudinal axis and includes a manifold tube wall extending along the longitudinal axis, and wherein the manifold tube wall defines a manifold tube aperture receiving an end of the adaptor tube, such that flow communication is provided between the cylinder head and the manifold tube.
3. The exhaust manifold of claim 2, wherein the water jacket tube defines a longitudinal axis and includes a water jacket tube wall extending along the longitudinal axis of the water jacket tube, wherein the water jacket tube wall defines a water jacket tube aperture receiving an end of the adaptor tube, wherein the adaptor tube and the water jacket tube are coupled to one another in a sealed manner, and wherein clearance is provided between the adaptor tube and the manifold tube.
4. The exhaust manifold of claim 3, wherein the manifold tube wall includes a flange extending outwardly around the manifold tube aperture.
5. The exhaust manifold of claim 3, wherein the adaptor tube and the manifold tube aperture are configured to provide flow communication between the adaptor tube and the gap between the manifold tube and the water jacket tube.
6. The exhaust manifold of claim 1, wherein the adaptor tube includes a flange configured to be coupled to the water jacket tube, and a tube portion extending through the water jacket tube aperture and into the manifold tube aperture.
7. The exhaust manifold of claim 1, wherein the support includes an annular ring, wherein the manifold tube is received in the annular ring, wherein the annular ring and the manifold tube are received in the water jacket tube, wherein the annular ring includes a longitudinally extending portion and a radially extending flange, and wherein the radially extending flange includes sections circumferentially separated from one another.
8. An exhaust manifold configured to be coupled to a cylinder head of an internal combustion engine, the exhaust manifold comprising:
- a first manifold section and a second manifold section, wherein the first manifold section includes: a manifold tube configured to receive exhaust gas from the cylinder head, a water jacket tube at least partially defining a tube configured to receive cooling fluid, the manifold tube being received in the water jacket tube, a support in a gap between the manifold tube and the water jacket tube, and an adaptor tube coupled to the water jacket tube and configured to provide flow communication between the cylinder head and the manifold tube,
- wherein the first and second manifold sections are coupled to one another.
9. The exhaust manifold of claim 8, wherein the first manifold section includes a first water jacket tube including a first flange and the second manifold section includes a second water jacket tube including a second flange, wherein the first manifold section and the second manifold section are coupled to one another via the first flange and the second flange, wherein the first manifold section includes a first manifold tube and the second manifold section includes a second manifold tube, and wherein the first manifold tube and the second manifold tube are coupled to one another via a slip joint.
10. The exhaust manifold of claim 8, wherein the second manifold section includes a riser manifold section, wherein the riser manifold section is configured to provide flow communication between the first manifold section and a turbocharger of the engine, wherein the riser manifold section includes:
- a housing including a riser water jacket in flow communication with the water jacket tube of the first manifold section,
- a riser manifold tube in flow communication with the manifold tube of the first manifold section, the riser manifold tube being received in the housing, and
- a spacer between the housing and the riser manifold tube, the spacer extending across a gap between the housing and the riser manifold tube.
11. The exhaust manifold of claim 10, wherein the riser manifold tube includes a Y-section configured to provide flow communication between the first manifold section and two turbochargers of the engine.
12. An internal combustion engine comprising:
- a cylinder block defining a cylinder;
- a cylinder head coupled to the cylinder block; and
- an exhaust manifold coupled to the cylinder head, the cylinder head providing flow communication between the cylinder and the exhaust manifold, wherein the exhaust manifold includes: a manifold section including: a manifold tube configured to receive exhaust gas from the cylinder head, a water jacket tube at least partially defining a tube configured to receive cooling fluid, the manifold tube being received in the water jacket tube, a support in a gap between the manifold tube and the water jacket tube, and an adaptor tube coupled to the water jacket tube and configured to provide flow communication between the cylinder head and the manifold tube.
13. The internal combustion engine of claim 12, wherein the cylinder block defines a first cylinder and a second cylinder spaced longitudinally with respect to one another, and the cylinder head provides flow communication between the first and second cylinders and the exhaust manifold, and wherein the manifold section includes first and second adaptor tubes coupled to the cylinder head to provide flow communication between the cylinder head and the manifold tube.
14. The internal combustion engine of claim 13, wherein the cylinder head includes a first cylinder head module associated with the first cylinder and a second cylinder head module associated with the second cylinder, wherein the first cylinder head module and the second cylinder head module are separate from one another, wherein the first and second adaptor tubes are coupled to the first and second cylinder head modules, and wherein the first cylinder head module is configured to be individually decoupled from the first adaptor tube without decoupling the second cylinder head module from the second adaptor tube, such that the first cylinder head module is removed from the cylinder block without removing the manifold section.
15. The internal combustion engine of claim 13, wherein the cylinder block defines four cylinders spaced longitudinally from one another, and the exhaust manifold includes first and second manifold sections coupled to the cylinder head, wherein each of the first and second manifold sections includes first and second adaptor tubes configured to provide flow communication between the four cylinders and the manifold tubes of the first and second manifold sections.
16. The internal combustion engine of claim 15, wherein the first manifold section includes a first water jacket tube including a first flange and the second manifold section includes a second water jacket tube including a second flange, wherein the first manifold section and the second manifold section are coupled to one another via the first flange and the second flange, wherein the first manifold section includes a first manifold tube and the second manifold section includes a second manifold tube, and wherein the first manifold tube and the second manifold tube are coupled to one another via a slip joint.
17. The internal combustion engine of claim 16, wherein the engine includes a turbocharger, and wherein the exhaust manifold further includes a riser manifold section coupled to an end of one of the first and second manifold sections, wherein the riser manifold section provides flow communication between the first and second manifold sections and the turbocharger, wherein the engine extends between longitudinal ends, and wherein the turbocharger is located at one end of the engine.
18. The internal combustion engine of claim 16, wherein the engine includes two turbochargers, and wherein the exhaust manifold further includes a riser manifold section coupled to an end of one of the first and second manifold sections, wherein the riser manifold section includes a Y-section configured to provide flow communication between the first and second manifold sections and the two turbochargers.
19. The internal combustion engine of claim 16, wherein the exhaust manifold includes a removable end cap coupled to one end of one of the first and second manifold sections, the end cap preventing flow communication from the manifold tubes and the water jacket tubes of the first and second manifold sections and the surroundings.
20. The internal combustion engine of claim 12, wherein the cylinder block includes water jacket passages configured to receive coolant, and wherein the water jacket tube of the manifold section is in flow communication with the water jacket passages of the cylinder block.
Type: Application
Filed: Jun 29, 2011
Publication Date: Jan 3, 2013
Applicant:
Inventors: Tazio S. Grivetti (Chillicothe, IL), Md Anwarui Karim (Peoria, IL), Timothy A. Bruce (Peoria, IL)
Application Number: 13/172,360