IN-GROUND, POPUP WATER SPRINKLER SYSTEM FOR CUSTOM LAYOUTS
A sprinkler system for lawns and landscaping is custom-fitted to each particular lot or area to be irrigated. Each in-ground, pop-up, rotating sprinkler head has a pattern defining plate fitted therein having a central opening made therein, as by laser cutting, solid particle deposition, or the like, the opening being congruent with the area to be watered, as adjusted for any sloped portions of the area. A pattern sampling aperture aligned with spray nozzles of the sprinkler rotates about the opening in the defining plate, feeding an amount of water to each radial line of the area about the sprinkler sufficient to reach from the sprinkler position out to the periphery. A speed control comprising a spring-biased cam and an opposing turbine wheel in the water flow slows spray head rotation at arc portions of longer water throw and speeds rotation where the throw is shorter, thus to obtain substantially uniform water coverage over all parts of the area served by each sprinkler head.
This application claims the benefit of the filing date priority of applicant's corresponding provisional patent application, Ser. No. 61/591,081, filed Jan. 26, 2012.
FIELD OF THE INVENTIONThe present invention relates to in-ground water sprinklers and irrigation systems for residential and other landscaping installations, and particularly to providing highly efficient watering with (1) custom, geometrically accurate water coverage of irregular areas, avoiding wetting of paving and structures, and (2) laying down a uniform, controllable density of water coverage (inches per square foot) over each and all of the irregular areas being sprinkled, regardless of differences in area to be watered.
BACKGROUND OF THE ARTResidential and commercial watering systems have been devised which cover square and irregularly-shaped areas, but they can be difficult to adapt to particular installations. The most common irrigation devices still send water out in circular patterns or arcs thereof, requiring installation of many sprinkler heads and resulting in uneven application of water to the landscape, with some portions receiving for instance four times the water of other portions. Flat Plate Pattern Control U.S. Pat. No. 4,281,793, of DeWitt, disclosed a spray head with adjustable settings of flat plates about the periphery of the pattern for some on-site customization. Hose End Pattern Sprinkler U.S. Pat. No. 4,501,391 disclosed a plate fabricated with multiple alternate, selectable patterns for adaptation to several different yard layouts.
No known sprinkler system provides a simple, mechanical means for delivering a uniform density of water coverage to irregularly shaped areas of varying sizes.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTIONThe current invention gathers topological information about an irrigation spray area, for example a home lot to be irrigated, and solves for even water distribution over each of several partitioned areas of the lot in terms of compass angles, distances, any slopes, and input perimeters of water pressure and maximum flow rate. A water sprinkler system for such a defined area has custom plates made and installed in a relatively small number of vertical-axis sprinkler heads distributed about said area. Each plate has an open area formed about the center axis, that is generally congruent with the area to be sprayed from that head, adapted specifically to the periphery and to any slopes and obstacles in the area. This system provides uniform coverage of the area to be watered, rather than uneven coverage and waste as with conventional, arcuate area sprinkler heads.
According to the method of the invention, a known surveying tool, termed a “Total Station Instrument”, is used to map significant features of the area to be irrigated and to determine, from inputs of water pressure and volume flow available, the shape of an opening to be cut into a pattern defining plate for each sprinkler head. Then the time for spraying each zone can be determined based on the water depth to be applied, taking into consideration the soil type and vegetation present. Because many fewer sprinkler heads are needed in this custom system, installation costs are greatly reduced compared with conventional systems, and water savings provide operating cost reductions and environmental advantages.
A water sprinkler system is provided that is custom-matched to any regular or irregular lawn, garden, or other landscaped area, which may have obstructions such as paved areas, buildings, trees, and the like, so as to uniformly water the area with minimum installation costs and operating expenses. The system features a custom-made opening formed in a fixed pattern defining plate in each sprinkler head, the opening being mapped and oriented to the exact periphery of the area to be sprinkled, including adapting for slopes in the terrain. That opening is sampled by an aperture in a second, pattern sampling plate, which rotates in alignment with spray nozzles in the head to throw streams of water along a line from the sprinkler head position to the actual outer periphery of the area at each compass point of the rotation, as determined by the custom opening in the fixed pattern defining plate. A speed control in the sprinkler head causes the nozzles to slow their rotation while spraying portions of the area with longer water throws, so that more water is provided where greater areas (i.e., longer radii) are being watered, to provide uniformity of water coverage throughout the defined area.
When irrigation water under pressure is introduced into the outer body 26, that body floods as in
When the flow of water from the source is shut off, as at the end of a watering cycle, a pushdown spring (not shown) causes the inner housing 28 and upper body 32 to retract into the outer body 26; the nozzle array 40 is guided to a vertical position, as in
The custom pattern defining plate 30, as in
The pattern defining plate 30 is custom prepared for the land and particular zone of a water sprinkling system for which it is adapted. An automated device such as a Total Station Instrument, by any of a number of makers of such survey instruments, is used by a qualified surveyor from as few as two setup points in the landscape to be irrigated. The Total Station Instrument can shoot a typical lot in just minutes, including the corner points of the lot, house, driveway, etc., and the location of all obstacles such as trees, tall bushes, entrance stoops, patios, underground utilities, etc.
Layout of the entire sprinkler system, as in
In this method of
In most cases for average-sized lots, a Customized System might include one pressure regulator, three or four sprinklers, a matching number of control valves, rain and moisture sensors, etc., for optimum usage.
Speed control of rotation of the nozzle array 40 is effected by a radially contoured cam 94 that selectively blocks and opens a countervailing flow 96 of water via port 98 onto the turbine wheel 90 for slowing the turbine's rotation and thus also the speed of the connected drive train 42. The pivotal position of the cam 94 is determined by a clockwise pivoting force of the water flow on a lower turbine wheel 95 acting in opposition to a counterclockwise force of a torsional spring 99 acting between the cam 94 and a nozzle plate 100 that is fixed in the inner body 28 of the sprinkler This arrangement causes the cam plate 94 to pivot clockwise as in
At the minimum spraying radius, the nozzle 98 on the right in FIGS. 6 and 9-11 will be substantially blocked from flow as shown in
The cam 94 will pivot to the
Many variations may be made in the invention as shown and its manner of use, without departing from the principles of the invention as described herein and/or as claimed as our invention. Minor variations will not avoid use of the invention.
Claims
1. A method for spraying water substantially evenly onto an irregular, defined ground area from a sprinkler having at least one spray nozzle and a custom-cut, internal pattern defining plate corresponding to said defined ground area, the method comprising the steps of:
- measuring said defined area from a point fixed with respect to said area so as to define a periphery of said area, each measurement including at least two of a distance, a relative compass direction, and an up, down, or no slope associated with portions of said periphery;
- creating a facsimile map of the area with respect to said fixed point;
- manipulating the facsimile map to include adjustments as for any slopes measured, and for any water pressure and flow volume parameters known, to provide an empirically accurate ground coverage pattern to be produced by said sprinkler;
- making said map with said manipulations to form a periphery of an opening of a pattern defining plate,
- installing said plate into said sprinkler at said point within said area and orienting the plate to correspond to the orientation of said area; and
- applying pressurized water into said sprinkler in sufficient volume to irrigate said area substantially uniformly over said area by the sprinkler's spraying water along lines from the sprinkler head to the periphery of said area.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the sprinkler is a pop-up sprinkler having at least one radially-extending, pattern sampling slot sweeping about the opening of the thin pattern defining plate, whereby the volume and distance of the resulting spray from a nozzle governed by that slot corresponds at each compass direction to the distance to the outer edge of the area to be sprinkled.
3. The method of claim 1, further comprising the steps of:
- measuring the water pressure in force per unit area at a water source that will be used for said spray irrigation, and
- measuring the maximum flow rate in gallons per minute at said water source,
- whereby to allow customizing the pattern defining plate more precisely in the step of manipulating the map for the expected operating conditions of use.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the fixed point is located at approximately a central point of the area.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the fixed point is within the area but not at approximately a central point thereof.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the sprinkler is adapted to rotate more quickly as lines to portions of the periphery nearer to the sprinkler are sprayed and more slowly as lines to portions of the periphery farther from the sprinkler are sprayed.
7. An in-ground water sprinkler customized to spray an irregular area of ground to be watered, the sprinkler comprising:
- a sprinkler head set to rotate about a vertical axis and to spray water to said area;
- a pattern defining plate fixed in said sprinkler and having internal edges defining an opening which at least generally maps to the irregular area to be watered;
- a pattern sampling aperture in a plate in said sprinkler which rotates with the sprinkler head and cooperates with the opening in the pattern defining plate to send a flow of water through said sprinkler to said area in accordance with said opening in the defining plate and said area; and
- a speed control means for slowing the rotation of said sprinkler head in angular portions of longer water throw to the periphery and for allowing relatively faster rotation of said sprinkler head in angular portions of shorter water throw to the periphery.
8. A water sprinkler as defined in claim 7, wherein the speed control means comprises: whereby when water flow is greater the lower turbine and cam pivot in one direction, allowing the second opening in the fixed plate to slow the upper turbine and spray head rotation to provide more water in areas of greater water throw to the periphery of the area to be watered, and when water flow is lesser then the lower turbine and cam pivot opposite to said one direction to avoid or limit flow through the second opening in the fixed plate and thus to speed the upper turbine and spray head through areas of lesser water throw.
- a first opening in a plate fixed in the sprinkler body with respect to the ground area, the opening forming a stream of water impinging in a first circumferential direction on an upper turbine wheel which turns to power a gear train for turning the spray head of the sprinkler;
- a second opening in said plate fixed in the sprinkler body, this opening forming a stream of water impinging in an opposite circumferential direction on said upper turbine wheel;
- a lower turbine wheel with angular blades set in the flow of water through the sprinkler body for a pivoting movement therein under the force of said flow of water;
- a cam attached to the lower turbine wheel for pivoting therewith and having a slightly inward-spiraling outer edge, the edge being outward at one radial portion and inward at an opposite radial portion of the cam at rest; and
- a torsion spring biasing the cam and turbine in an oppositely-pivoting position from said plate fixed in the sprinkler body,
Type: Application
Filed: Jan 25, 2013
Publication Date: Aug 1, 2013
Applicant: Crossan Intellectual Property Law, LLC (Chicago, IL)
Inventor: Crossan Intellectual Property Law, LLC (Chicago, IL)
Application Number: 13/750,533
International Classification: A01G 25/16 (20060101);