APPARATUS FOR SOLAR THERMAL COLLECTION AND SYSTEM OF THE SAME
One embodiment of the present invention discloses an apparatus for solar-thermal collection. The apparatus includes a thermal resistance body; a solar-thermal converter disposed inside the thermal resistance body, wherein the volume of the solar-thermal converter is less than that of the thermal resistance body, so that a space exists between the inner wall of the thermal resistance body and the outer wall of the solar-thermal converter; and at least one opening disposed on the wall of the thermal resistance body, wherein the opening is a through hole only on the wall of the thermal resistance body
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The present invention relates to a solar thermal collection apparatus and the system of the same, and more particularly, to a solar thermal collection apparatus and the system of the same including a thermal resistance body with a high-reflection inner wall and at least one opening, and a solar-thermal converter with a high-absorption outer wall.
2. BACKGROUNDDue to global warming and industrialization in developing countries, climate change and over-exploitation of natural resources are causing increasing amounts of natural and man-made disasters. In addition, the utilization of renewable energy sources is promoted and many nations have signed international agreements on reducing carbon dioxide output. The two aforementioned reasons are driving increased research and development in renewable energy technologies. The present disclosure provides an apparatus which can be used during emergencies or outdoor recreation activities for heating using solar power. The disclosed apparatus includes new features that are different from conventional solar-thermal converters such as to increase the liquid temperature inside the converter within a short timeframe and are portable and easy to operate.
SUMMARYOne embodiment of the present disclosure provides a solar-thermal collection apparatus, the apparatus including: a thermal resistance body; a solar-thermal converter positioned in the thermal resistance body, wherein the volume of the solar-thermal converter is less than the volume of the thermal resistance body, and therefore a space exists between the inner wall of the thermal resistance body and the outer wall of the solar-thermal converter; and at least one opening situated on the thermal resistance body, wherein the opening penetrates only the thermal resistance body.
Another embodiment of the present disclosure provides a solar-thermal collection system, the system including a solar-thermal collection apparatus and a light collection system. The solar-thermal collection apparatus includes a thermal resistance body; a solar-thermal converter positioned in the thermal resistance body, wherein the volume of the solar-thermal converter is less than the volume of the thermal resistance body, and therefore a space exists between the inner wall of the thermal resistance body and the outer wall of the solar-thermal converter; and at least one opening situated on the thermal resistance body, wherein the opening penetrates only the thermal resistance body. The light collection system is positioned outside the at least one opening of the thermal resistance body and is configured to focus the light at the focal point of the light collection system.
The foregoing has outlined rather broadly the features and technical advantages of the present invention in order that the detailed description of the invention that follows may be better understood. Additional features and advantages of the invention will be described hereinafter, and form the subject of the claims of the invention. It should be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the conception and specific embodiment disclosed may be readily utilized as a basis for modifying or designing other structures or processes for carrying out the same purposes of the present invention. It should also be realized by those skilled in the art that such equivalent constructions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the invention as set forth in the appended claims.
The objectives and advantages of the present invention are illustrated with the following description and upon reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
The opening 103 positioned at the bottom of the thermal resistance body 101 is configured to receive the solar rays gathered by the light collector (not shown). After passing through the opening 103 and entering the thermal resistance body 101, a portion of the solar rays are directly absorbed by the high-absorption coating on the outer surface 102B of the solar-thermal converter 102 and converted into heat. The portion of solar rays which are not absorbed are consecutively and repeatedly reflected by the high-reflection coating on the inner wall of the thermal resistance body 101. The reflected rays are partially absorbed by the high-absorption coating of the solar-thermal converter 102, and the portion which are not absorbed are reflected by the high-reflection coating again. A multiple absorption-reflection routine facilitates the efficiency of solar-thermal conversion, and in one embodiment, the metallic solar-thermal converter evenly conducts and transfers the heat to the food or liquid 102 to be heated.
In the present embodiment, the high-reflection coating is made of aluminum, and the solar-thermal converter 102 is made of high thermal conductivity materials, for example, copper. However, the high-reflection coating and the high thermal conductivity materials are not limited to the materials mentioned above. In other embodiments, the high-reflection coating includes main group metals or transition metals, for example, silver, gold, aluminum, or the combination thereof; materials with high thermal conductivity includes main group metal, transition metal, graphite, carbon fiber, carbonaceous materials, or the like, such as copper, gold, silver, aluminum, or the alloy thereof. The high-absorption coating includes a main body and dopants. In the present embodiment, the main body includes a mixture of carbon black and graphite, and the dopants are gold nanoparticles. However, the main body used in this disclosure is not limited to that of the present embodiment, and other dark color metal oxide, metal sulfide, metal carbide, and metal nitride such as CuO, Hg2O, V2O3, FeO, Ni2O3, Co2O3, Fe3O4, MnO2, Ag2S, Cu2O, CdO, V2O5, Fe2O3, and Ag2O can also be used. Moreover, the high-absorption coating can be dark color metalorganic materials as well. The dopants used in the present disclosure are not limited to those of the present embodiment, and other main group metal or transition metal nanoparticles, for example, aluminum nanoparticles or silver nanoparticles, can also be used as dopants. The high-absorption material is composed of main body and dopants mixed with an arbitrary ratio.
In one embodiment, the high-absorption coating has an absorption rate greater than 30%, and the diameter of the metal nanoparticles is within a range of from 1 nm to 100 nm. The metal nanoparticles applied in the high-absorption coating produces surface plasma effect; in other words, the coating can absorb light and produce instantaneous high temperature, passing the thermal energy to the food or liquid to be heated via the conduction of the solar-thermal converter.
The rectangular opening 203 positioned at the bottom of the thermal resistance body 201 is configured to receive the solar rays gathered by the light collector (not shown). After passing through the opening 103 and entering the thermal resistance body 201, a portion of the solar rays are directly absorbed by the high-absorption coating on the outer surface 202B of the solar-thermal converter 202 and converted into heat. The portion of the solar rays which are not absorbed are consecutively and repeatedly reflected by the high-reflection coating on the inner wall of the thermal resistance body 201. The reflected rays are partially absorbed by the high-absorption coating of the solar-thermal converter 202 and the portion which are not absorbed are reflected by the high-reflection coating again. A multiple absorption-reflection routine facilitates the efficiency of solar-thermal conversion, and in one embodiment, the metallic solar-thermal converter evenly conducts and transfers the heat to the food or liquid 205 to be heated. The design of the rectangular opening 203 serves to take into account the relative position of the sun with respect to the solar-thermal converter 20. The path of the focal point of the collector changes as the relative position of the sun changes. Typically, the path is a straight line, and therefore the rectangular opening 203 can direct most of the light into the apparatus over a long timeframe. However, the shape of the opening 203 is not limited by the present embodiment, and other shapes such as circle, square, triangle, and polygons are all applicable to the present apparatus.
In the present embodiment, the high-reflection coating is made of silver, and the solar-thermal converter 202 is made of high thermal conductivity materials, for example, graphite. The high-absorption coating includes a main body and dopants. In the present embodiment, the main body includes dark color metal oxide such as CuO, Ni2O3, Co2O3, Fe3O4, MnO2, Fe2O3, and Ag2O, and the dopants are gold nanoparticles.
In one embodiment, the high-absorption coating has an absorption rate greater than 30%, and the diameter of the metal nanoparticles is within a range of from 1 nm to 100 nm. The metal nanoparticles applied in the high-absorption coating produces surface plasma effect; in other words, the coating can absorb light and produce instantaneous high temperature, passing the thermal energy to the food or liquid to be heated via the conduction of the solar-thermal converter 202.
As shown in
The incident solar ray has a focal point 1109 generated by the light collection system, and after passing thorough the focal point 1109, the ray is guided to the space between the solar-thermal converter and the thermal resistance body. However, the number and the position of the opening 1108 are not limited to those of the present embodiment. One or a plurality of the openings can be positioned on the wall of the thermal resistance body and can be connected to the light collection apparatus. At the outside of the thermal resistance body can be positioned a light collection apparatus with a greater light collecting area, and the combination of those light collection apparatus is called a light collection system. In yet another embodiment of the present disclosure, if the opening is positioned at the top of the solar-thermal collection apparatus, the light collection apparatus with a greater light-collecting area can be a set of condensers or a set of Fresnel lenses.
The incident solar rays have a focal point 1205 generated by the light collection system, and after passing thorough the focal point 1205, the rays are guided to the space between the solar-thermal converter and the thermal resistance body. However, the number and the position of the opening 1206 are not limited to those of the present embodiment. One or a plurality of the openings can be positioned on the wall of the thermal resistance body and can be connected to the light collection apparatus. A light collection apparatus with a greater light collecting area is positioned on the outside of the thermal resistance body, and the combination of such light collection apparatuses is called a light collection system. In yet another embodiment of the present disclosure, if the opening is positioned at the top of the solar-thermal collection apparatus, the light collection apparatus with a greater light-collecting area can be a set of condensers or a set of Fresnel lenses.
Although the present invention and its advantages have been described in detail, it should be understood that various changes, substitutions and alterations can be made herein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims. For example, many of the processes discussed above can be implemented in different methodologies and replaced by other processes, or a combination thereof.
Moreover, the scope of the present application is not intended to be limited to the particular embodiments of the process, machine, manufacture, composition of matter, means, methods and steps described in the specification. As one of ordinary skill in the art will readily appreciate from the disclosure of the present invention, processes, machines, manufacture, compositions of matter, means, methods, or steps, presently existing or later to be developed, that perform substantially the same function or achieve substantially the same result as the corresponding embodiments described herein may be utilized according to the present invention. Accordingly, the appended claims are intended to include within their scope such processes, machines, manufacture, compositions of matter, means, methods, or steps.
Claims
1. A solar-thermal collection apparatus, comprising:
- a thermal resistance body;
- a solar-thermal converter positioned in the thermal resistance body, wherein the volume of the solar-thermal converter is less than the volume of the thermal resistance body, and therefore a space exists between the inner wall of the thermal resistance body and the outer wall of the solar-thermal converter; and
- at least one opening situated on the thermal resistance body, wherein the opening only penetrates the thermal resistance body.
2. The solar-thermal collection apparatus of claim 1, wherein the inner wall of the thermal resistance body further comprises a high-reflection coating comprising metal, transition metal, or the alloy thereof.
3. The solar-thermal collection apparatus of claim 1, wherein the outer wall of the solar-thermal converter comprises a high-absorption coating, and the absorption rate of the high-absorption coating is greater than 30 percent.
4. The solar-thermal collection apparatus of claim 3, wherein the high-absorption coating comprises:
- a major body selected from the group consisting of graphite, carbon black, dark color metal compound, dark color metalorganic compound, and the combination thereof; and
- dopant selected from the group consisting of metal nanoparticles, transition metal nanoparticles, and the combination thereof;
- wherein the major body and the dopant are mixed with any arbitrary ratio.
5. The solar-thermal collection apparatus of claim 4, wherein the size of the metal nanoparticles and the size of the metalorganic nanoparticles are within a range of from 1 nm to 100 nm.
6. The solar-thermal collection apparatus of claim 3, wherein the high-absorption coating comprises a planar structure or a stereoscopic microstructure.
7. The solar-thermal collection apparatus of claim 1, wherein the solar-thermal converter comprises materials with high thermal conductivity, and the materials comprise metal, transition metal, carbonaceous materials, or the alloy thereof.
8. The solar-thermal collection apparatus of claim 1, wherein the shape of the opening comprises rectangle, circle, square, triangle, or polygons.
9. The solar-thermal collection apparatus of claim 8, wherein the opening is further connected to a light collection apparatus, and the light collection apparatus comprises condensers, reflective mirrors, cone-shaped light collectors, and the combination thereof.
10. The solar-thermal collection apparatus of claim 8, wherein the opening is further connected to a light collection apparatus, and the light collection apparatus comprises a waveguide, a microstructure layer, a condenser, and an optical fiber.
11. The solar-thermal collection apparatus of claim 6, wherein the microstructure of the high-absorption coating is a plurality of tetrahedrons.
12. The solar-thermal collection apparatus of claim 6, wherein the microstructure surface further comprises a high-absorption coating formed by electrical plating or anodic treatment.
13. The solar-thermal collection apparatus of claim 1, further comprising at least one cover configured to seal the thermal resistance body and the solar-thermal converter.
14. The solar-thermal collection apparatus of claim 1, wherein the solar-thermal converter comprises a depressurization apparatus.
15. A solar-thermal collection system, comprising;
- a solar-thermal collection apparatus, comprising: a thermal resistance body; a solar-thermal converter positioned in the thermal resistance body, wherein the volume of the solar-thermal converter is less than the volume of the thermal resistance body, so that a space exists between the inner wall of the thermal resistance body and the outer wall of the solar-thermal converter; and at least one opening situated on the thermal resistance body, wherein the opening only penetrates the thermal resistance body; and
- a light collection system positioned outside of the opening and configured to collect the light to the focal point of the light collection system.
16. The solar-thermal collection system of claim 15, wherein the inner wall of the thermal resistance body further comprises a high-reflection coating comprising metal, transition metal, or the alloy thereof.
17. The solar-thermal collection system of claim 16, wherein the outer wall of the solar-thermal converter comprises a high-absorption coating, and the absorption rate of the high-absorption coating is greater than 30 percent.
18. The solar-thermal collection system of claim 17, wherein the high-absorption coating comprises:
- major body selected from the group consisting of graphite, carbon black, dark color metal compound, dark color metalorganic compound, and the combination thereof; and
- dopant selected from the group consisting of metal nanoparticles, transition metal nanoparticles, and the combination thereof;
- wherein the major body and the dopant are mixed with any arbitrary ratio.
19. The solar-thermal collection system of claim 18, wherein the size of the metal nanoparticles and the size of the metalorganic nanoparticles are within a range of from 1 nm to 100 nm.
20. The solar-thermal collection system of claim 17, wherein the high-absorption coating comprises a planar structure or a stereoscopic microstructure.
21. The solar-thermal collection system of claim 15, wherein the solar-thermal converter comprises materials with high thermal conductivity, and the materials comprise metal, transition metal, carbonaceous materials, or the alloy thereof.
22. The solar-thermal collection system of claim 15, wherein the shape of the opening comprises rectangle, circle, square, triangle, or polygons.
23. The solar-thermal collection system of claim 15, wherein the light collection system comprises condensers, reflective mirrors, cone-shaped light collectors, Fresnel lenses, or the combination thereof.
24. The solar-thermal collection system of claim 15, wherein the light collection system comprises a waveguide, a microstructure layer, a condenser, a Fresnel lens, or the combination thereof.
25. The solar-thermal collection system of claim 15, wherein the focal point of the light collection system is positioned at the opening.
26. The solar-thermal collection system of claim 15, further comprising at least one cover configured to seal the thermal resistance body and the solar-thermal converter.
27. The solar-thermal collection system of claim 15, wherein the solar-thermal converter comprises a depressurization apparatus.
Type: Application
Filed: Jan 22, 2013
Publication Date: Aug 15, 2013
Applicant: INDUSTRIAL TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH INSTITUTE (HSINCHU)
Inventor: Industrial Technology Research Institute
Application Number: 13/747,284