Refrigeration Unit With Corrosion Durable Heat Exchanger
A transport refrigeration unit is provided which having a refrigerant heat rejection heat exchanger (condenser/gas cooler) that promotes adequate water drainage and corrosion durability. A wraparound finned tube coil has a plurality of heat exchange tube loops and a plurality of plate fins mounted to the plurality of heat exchange tube loops. Each heat exchange tube loop is formed by a plurality of linear tube segments or hairpin tube segments connected by return bends, with each linear tube segment or hairpin segment extending longitudinally at an inclination angle with respect to vertical of at least 20 degrees.
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Reference is made to and this application claims priority from and the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 61/416,815, filed Nov. 24, 2010, entitled “Refrigeration Unit with Corrosion Durable Heat Exchanger”, which application is incorporated herein in its entirety by reference.
FIELD OF THE INVENTIONThis invention relates generally to refrigeration units and gas cooler/condenser heat exchangers and, more particularly, to improving condensate drainage and corrosion durability on gas cooler/condenser heat exchangers of transport refrigeration units.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTIONPerishable goods are commonly transported in a controlled environment within an enclosed space such as an insulated cargo box of a truck, trailer, container, or intermodal container. A refrigeration system, also known as a transport refrigeration unit, is used in operative association with the enclosed space within the cargo box for controlling the temperature of the air within the enclosed space within a desired temperature range selected for the particular type of perishable goods stowed within the cargo box. The refrigeration unit is mounted to a wall of the cargo box, typically to the forward end of the cargo box, opposite the doors to the cargo box which at typically at the rear of the cargo box.
The refrigeration unit includes a refrigerant compressor and condenser disposed externally of the cargo box and an evaporator disposed within the enclosed space of the cargo box, the compressor, condenser and evaporator being connected in a refrigerant circuit in series refrigerant flow relationship. When the refrigeration system is operating, air to be cooled is drawn from within the enclosed space, passes through an evaporator in heat exchange relationship with the refrigerant vapor passing through the heat exchange tubes of the evaporator, and then supplied back to the enclosed space. The refrigerant vapor having traversed the evaporator is compressed in the compressor to a high temperature, high pressure vapor and then passed through the condenser which functions as a refrigerant heat rejection heat exchanger wherein the high temperature refrigerant vapor passes is heat exchange relationship with cooler air, typically ambient air, or water/glycol solution.
In conventional prior art transport refrigeration units, the condenser includes a standard round tube plate fin (RTPF) heat exchanger having an array of round tubes penetrating a pack of spaced plate fins. Typically, a plurality of round tubes are inserted through holes in the plates of the fin pack so as to extend longitudinally through the plates of the fin pack and a pair of tube sheets disposed at opposite ends of the fin pack. The ends of the round tubes penetrating the tube sheets are connected by tube bends or return bends to form one or more refrigerant flow circuits through heat exchanger. When installed in the refrigerant unit, the condenser heat exchanger is arranged with the round tubes extended longitudinally in a generally horizontal direction and the fin plates extend in a generally vertical plane. The fin plates are generally flat plates or wavy plates and may include louvers or other fin enhancements to improve air-side heat transfer performance.
With the condenser heat exchanger extending in a horizontal position as in the prior art, a large amount of space is required. The horizontal arrangement of the heat exchanger coil ensures that any condensate that deposits on the surface of the fins naturally drains off the fins due to the vertical orientation of the plate fins. It is desirable to avoid condensate accumulation on the fin surface as water is an electrolyte, the presence of which on the fin surface can lead to accelerated corrosion. Accordingly, a desire exists for a more compact condenser heat exchanger coil design that promotes adequate water drainage and provides acceptable corrosion durability.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTIONA transport refrigeration unit is provided which having a refrigerant heat rejection heat exchanger (condenser/gas cooler) that promotes adequate water drainage and corrosion durability. The refrigerant heat rejection heat exchanger includes a wraparound finned tube coil extending along the periphery of an associated condenser/gas cooler fan. The wraparound finned tube coil has a plurality of heat exchange tube loops and a plurality of plate fins mounted to the plurality of heat exchange tube loops. Each heat exchange tube loop is formed by a plurality of linear tube segments or a plurality of hairpin tubes connected by return bends, with each linear tube segment extending longitudinally at an inclination angle with respect to vertical of at least 20 degrees. In an embodiment, each linear tube segment extends longitudinally at an inclination angle in the range from at least 20 degrees to 90 degrees. Each heat exchange loop may have a generally square configuration, a generally rhombus-like configuration, a generally hexagon-like configuration or other configuration without any significant length of vertically extending tube segments. The fins may be flat plate fins or wavy plate fins, with or without further airside heat transfer enhancements such as louvers, offsets or the like.
For a further understanding of the invention, reference will be made to the following detailed description of the invention which is to be read in connection with the accompanying drawing, where:
Referring initially to
A refrigeration unit 20 is mounted to a wall of the container 10. Generally, the refrigeration unit 20 is received in an opening in the forward wall 12 of the container 10 and mounted around its perimeter to the forward wall 12 of the container 10, for example as depicted in
The condenser/gas cooler module 24 includes a condenser fan 28 and a refrigerant heat rejection heat exchanger 30 mounted in the forward section of the refrigeration unit 20 external to the cargo space 11. The refrigerant heat rejection heat exchanger 30 may function either as a condenser or as a gas cooler. In refrigeration units wherein the refrigerant heat rejection heat exchanger is a component of a refrigerant vapor compression system operating in a subcritical cycle, the refrigerant heat rejection heat exchanger functions as condenser, that is to condense the high temperature, high pressure refrigerant vapor passing therethrough to a high pressure, lower temperature refrigerant liquid. In refrigeration units wherein the refrigerant heat rejection heat exchanger is a component of a refrigerant vapor compression system operating in a transcritical cycle, the refrigerant heat rejection heat exchanger functions only as a gas cooler, that is to cool, but not condense, the high temperature, high pressure refrigerant vapor passing there through to a high pressure, lower temperature refrigerant vapor.
The refrigerant heat rejection heat exchanger 30 comprises a finned tube heat exchanger that wraps around the condenser fan 28. For example, as illustrated in
The wraparound finned tube coil 32 may have any several tube rows, typically from two to twelve, with at least one tube loop 34, typically two to four, per row. In the embodiment depicted in
Referring now to
To form each heat exchange tube loop 34, the heat exchange tube 40 is bent as appropriate to delineate a desired shape. For example, the heat exchange tube loop 34 may take the shape of a parallelogram, such as illustrated in the exemplary embodiment depicted in
When the condenser/gas cooler module 24 is installed in the refrigeration unit 20, the refrigerant heat rejection heat exchanger 30 is arranged with the wraparound finned tube heat exchanger coil 32 disposed about the periphery of the condenser/gas cooler fan 28 such that each linear tube segment 36 of each heat exchange loop 34 extends longitudinally at an inclination angle, θ, with respect to vertical, V, of at least 20 degrees. In an embodiment, each linear tube segment extends longitudinally at an inclination angle in the range from at least 20 degrees up to and including 90 degrees, which represents a horizontally extending tube segment. As illustrated in
By ensuring that all linear segments 36 of the heat exchange tube loops 34 extend longitudinally at an indication from the vertical position of at least 20 degrees, adequate drainage of water collecting on the surface of the plate fins 40, as a result of rain or as condensate from moisture in the air placing through the refrigerant heat rejection heat exchanger under high humidity conditions, is assured since the plate fins 40 extend orthogonally to the longitudinal axis of the linear segments 36 of the heat exchange tube loops 34. Positive drainage of water is ensured even in the case of wavy plate fins wherein water tends to collect in the valleys of the wavy plate fins.
If the linear segments 36 of the heat exchange tube loop 34 were to extend generally vertically, contrary to the teachings of this disclosure, the plate fins 40 would extend generally horizontally which would in no way promote drainage of water from the within surface and, in the case of wavy plate fins, allow accumulation of water in the valleys of the wavy plate fins. Over time, since water accumulating on the surface of the plate fins acts as an electrolyte initiating and accelerating the corrosion process, the corrosion durability of the plate fins would be significantly shortened.
The terminology used herein is for the purpose of description, not limitation. Specific structural and functional details disclosed herein are not to be interpreted as limiting, but merely as basis for teaching one skilled in the art to employ the present invention. Those skilled in the art will also recognize the equivalents that may be substituted for elements described with reference to the exemplary embodiments disclosed herein without departing from the scope of the present invention. Also, the invention can be equally applied to refrigeration, air conditioning and heat pump systems.
Furthermore, heat rejection heat exchanger construction can comprise more than one heat rejection heat exchanger. For instance, condenser/gas cooler and intercooler as well as condenser/gas cooler and radiator can be integrated in a single module and formed (bent) at the same time. The former configurations may be utilized in high efficiency systems and the latter designs applied in the HVAC&R systems driven by the engine.
While the present invention has been particularly shown and described with reference to the exemplary embodiments as illustrated in the drawing, it will be recognized by those skilled in the art that various modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. For example, although the wraparound finned tube heat exchanger 32 was described herein as having round heat exchange tubes, it is to be understood that the heat exchange tubes could instead be non-round tubes, such as multichannel flattened tubes of generally rectangular or oval cross-section. Therefore, it is intended that the present disclosure not be limited to the particular embodiment(s) disclosed as, but that the disclosure will include all embodiments falling within the scope of the appended claims.
Claims
1. A transport refrigeration unit for conditioning air within a refrigerated cargo box for housing perishable goods during transport, comprising:
- a refrigerant heat rejection heat exchanger and a fan operatively associated with the heat exchanger, the refrigerant heat rejection heat exchanger including a wraparound finned tube coil extending along a periphery radially outboard of the fan, the wraparound finned tube coil having a plurality of heat exchange tube loops and a plurality of plate fins mounted to the plurality of heat exchange tube loops, each heat exchange tube loop formed by a plurality of linear tube segments connected by tube bends, each linear tube segment extending longitudinally at an inclination angle with respect to vertical of at least 20 degrees.
2. The transport refrigeration unit as recited in claim 1 wherein each linear tube segment extends longitudinally at an inclination angle in the range from at least 20 degrees to 90 degrees.
3. The transport refrigeration unit as recited in claim 1 wherein the plurality of plate fins comprises a plurality of plates having a wavy configuration.
4. The transport refrigeration unit as recited in claim 3 wherein the plurality of plate fins include heat transfer enhancements.
5. The transport refrigeration unit as recited in claim 1 wherein each heat exchange tube loop has a generally square-like configuration.
6. The transport refrigeration unit as recited in claim 1 wherein each heat exchange tube loop has a generally rhombus-like configuration.
7. The transport refrigeration unit as recited in claim 1 wherein each heat exchange tube loop has a generally hexagon-like configuration.
8. The transport refrigeration unit as recited in claim 1 wherein the refrigerant unit operates in a subcritical cycle and the refrigerant heat rejection heat exchanger operates as a condenser.
9. The transport refrigeration unit as recited in claim 1 wherein the refrigerant unit operates in a transcritical cycle and the refrigerant heat rejection heat exchanger operates as a gas cooler.
10. The transport refrigeration unit as recited in claim 1 wherein the refrigerant heat rejection heat exchanger comprises more than one refrigerant heat rejection heat exchangers.
11. The transport refrigeration unit as recited in claim 1 wherein the more than one heat rejection heat exchangers include condenser/gas cooler and intercooler.
12. The transport refrigeration unit as recited in claim 1 wherein the more than one heat rejection heat exchangers include condenser/gas cooler and radiator.
13. A refrigeration unit for conditioning air comprising:
- a refrigerant heat rejection heat exchanger and a fan operatively associated with the heat exchanger, the refrigerant heat rejection heat exchanger including a wraparound finned tube coil extending along a periphery radially outboard of the fan, the wraparound finned tube coil having a plurality of heat exchange tube loops and a plurality of plate fins mounted to the plurality of heat exchange tube loops, each heat exchange tube loop formed as a non-linear tube loop.
14. The transport refrigeration unit as recited in claim 13 wherein each heat exchange loop has a generally circular configuration.
15. The transport refrigeration unit as recited in claim 13 wherein each heat exchange loop has a generally oval configuration.
16. A refrigerant heat rejection heat exchanger comprising a wraparound finned tube coil adapted to extend along a periphery radially outboard of a fan operatively associated with the heat exchanger, the wraparound finned tube coil having a plurality of heat exchange tube loops and a plurality of plate fins mounted to the plurality of heat exchange tube loops, each heat exchange tube loop formed by a plurality of linear tube segments connected by tube bends, each linear tube segment extending longitudinally at an inclination angle with respect to vertical of at least 20 degrees.
Type: Application
Filed: Nov 14, 2011
Publication Date: Sep 12, 2013
Applicant: Carrier Corporation (Farmington, CT)
Inventors: Michael F. Taras (Fayetteville, NY), Mark J. Perkovich (Fayetteville, NY)
Application Number: 13/989,080
International Classification: F25D 21/14 (20060101);