PHOTOVOLTAIC MODULE AND MODULE ARRAYS
A photovoltaic (PV) module including a PV device and a frame. The PV device has a PV laminate defining a perimeter and a major plane. The frame is assembled to and encases the laminate perimeter, and includes leading, trailing, and side frame members, and an arm that forms a support face opposite the laminate. The support face is adapted for placement against a horizontal installation surface, to support and orient the laminate in a non-parallel or tilted arrangement. Upon final assembly, the laminate and the frame combine to define a unitary structure. The frame can orient the laminate at an angle in the range of 3°-7° from horizontal, and can be entirely formed of a polymeric material. Optionally, the arm incorporates integral feature(s) that facilitate interconnection with corresponding features of a second, identically formed PV module.
This application claims priority under 35 U.S.C. §119(e)(1) to U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 61/076,492, filed Jun. 27, 2008, entitled “Photovoltaic Module and Module Arrays”, and bearing Attorney Docket No. S0134/S812.104.101; and the entire teachings of which are incorporated herein by reference.
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONSThis application also relates to U.S. application Ser. No. ______ entitled “Ballasted Photovoltaic Module and Module Arrays” and bearing attorney docket number S0131US/S812.101.102; U.S. application Ser. No. ______ entitled “Photovoltaic Module Kit Including Connector Assembly for Non-Penetrating Array Installation” and bearing attorney docket number S0132US/S812.102.102; U.S. application Ser. No. ______ entitled “Photovoltaic Module with Removable Wind Deflector” and bearing attorney docket number S0133US/S812.103.102; and U.S. application Ser. No. ______ entitled “Photovoltaic Module with Drainage Frame” and bearing attorney docket number S013 SUS/S812.105.102; all of which were filed on even date herewith and the teachings of each of which are incorporated herein by reference.
STATEMENT REGARDING FEDERALLY SPONSORED RESEARCH OR DEVELOPMENTThis invention was made with Government support under Contract No. DE-FC36-07GO17043 awarded by the United States Department of Energy. The Government has certain rights in this invention.
BACKGROUNDThe present disclosure relates to solar roof tiles. More particularly, it relates to photovoltaic modules adapted for rapid installation as part of an arrayed, rooftop photovoltaic system.
Solar power has long been viewed as an important, highly viable, alternative energy source. To this end, substantial efforts and investments have been made to develop and improve upon solar energy collection technology. Of particular interest are industrial- or commercial-type applications in which relatively significant amounts of solar energy can be collected and utilized in supplementing or satisfying power needs.
Solar photovoltaic technology is generally viewed as the optimal approach for large scale solar energy collection, and can be used as a primary and/or secondary (or supplemental) energy source. In general terms, solar photovoltaic systems (or simply “photovoltaic systems”) employ solar panels made of silicon or other materials (e.g., III-V cells such as GaAs) to convert sunlight into electricity. More particularly, photovoltaic systems typically include a plurality of photovoltaic (PV) modules (or “solar tiles”) interconnected with wiring to one (or more) appropriate electrical components (e.g., switches, inverters, junction boxes, etc.). The PV module conventionally consists of a PV laminate or panel generally forming an assembly of crystalline or amorphous semiconductor devices electrically interconnected and encapsulated. One or more electrical conductors are carried by the PV laminate through which the solar-generated current is conducted.
Regardless of an exact construction of the PV laminate, most PV applications entail interconnecting an array of PV modules at the installation site in a location where sunlight is readily present. This is especially true for commercial or industrial applications in which a relatively large number of PV modules are desirable for generating substantial amounts of energy, with the rooftop of the commercial building providing a convenient surface at which the PV modules can be placed. As a point of reference, many commercial buildings have large, flat roofs that are inherently conducive to placement of a significant array of PV modules. In fact, utilizing an existing rooftop as the PV module installation site represents the most efficient use of space in that the building/rooftop structure is already in existence, and thus minimizes the need for additional, separate structures necessary for supporting the PV modules. While rooftop installation is thus highly viable, certain environment constraints must be addressed. For example, the PV laminate is generally flat or planar; thus, if simply “laid” on an otherwise flat rooftop, the PV laminate may not be positioned/oriented to collect a maximum amount of sunlight throughout the day. Instead, it is desirable to tilt the PV laminate at a slight angle relative to the rooftop (i.e., toward the southern sky for northern hemisphere installations, or toward the northern sky for southern hemisphere installations). Further, rooftop-installed PV modules are oftentimes subjected to windy conditions, a concern that is further heightened where the PV laminate is tilted relative to the rooftop as described above.
In light of the above, conventional PV module installation techniques have included physically interconnecting each individual PV module of module array directly with, or into, the existing rooftop structure. For example, some PV module configurations have included multiple frame members that are physically attached to the rooftop via bolts driven through the rooftop. While this technique may provide a more rigid mounting of the PV module to the rooftop, it is a time-consuming process, and inherently permanently damages the rooftop. Further, because holes are formed into the rooftop, the likelihood of water damage is highly prevalent. More recently, PV module configurations have been devised for commercial, flat rooftop installation sites in which the arrayed PV modules are self-maintained relative to the rooftop in a non-penetrating manner. More particularly, the PV modules are interconnected to one another via a series of separate, auxiliary components, with a combined weight of the interconnected array (and possibly additional ballast and/or wind-deflecting fairings or “wind deflectors” mounted to one or more of the PV modules at the installation site) serving to collectively offset wind-generated forces.
While the non-penetrating PV module array approach has been well-received, certain drawbacks may still exist. For example, a large number of parts are required, along with the logistical management of these parts, to facilitate non-penetrating, interconnected mounting of an array of PV modules. In this regard, the arrangement of PV modules (e.g., number, location, and type) will vary for each installation site. Thus, the number and types of requisite, auxiliary mounting components will also vary, and must be accurately ordered and delivered to the installation site with the PV modules. Thus, considerable upfront planning is necessary. Along these same lines, installation requirements for several non-penetrating PV module formats entail wind-deflecting auxiliary components (e.g., a perimeter curb) that are configured or sized as a direct function of the resultant perimeter shape or geometry of the arrayed PV modules. Once again, substantial upfront planning must be performed in order to ensure that these wind-deflecting components, as well as other installation components, are provided to the installation site in forms that are properly sized and shaped in accordance with the expected shape of the PV module array. Clearly, any errors in the upfront planning, miscommunication of the installation parameters, incorrect part list ordering, etc., can negatively impact and overtly delay the installation process. Further, where the auxiliary installation components are packaged apart from the PV modules, as is common in the industry, it is highly difficult at best for the installation personnel to quickly recognize whether ordering and/or shipping errors have occurred. Instead, these errors only become evident during the actual installation process, and typically cannot be quickly rectified. Similarly, fairly significant labor and expertise (and thus cost) is required to install non-penetrating PV modules at a commercial building's rooftop. Finally, considerable expense is necessitated by the handling and disposal of the shipping materials required in providing all of the PV modules, as well as all of the auxiliary mounting components and related equipment.
PV module-based solar energy represents an extremely promising technology for reducing the reliance of commercial or industrial businesses upon conventional, natural resource-based energy. To be competitive with traditional sources of municipal power, however, the costs associated with solar PV systems should desirably be reduced wherever possible. Thus, a need exists for a PV module and related PV module systems or arrays that are readily mounted to commercial rooftops in a non-penetrating fashion.
SUMMARYSome aspects in accordance with principles of the present disclosure relate to a photovoltaic (PV) module including a PV device and a frame. The PV device includes a PV laminate having a perimeter and a front face defining a major plane. The frame is assembled to and encases the perimeter of the PV laminate. In this regard, the frame includes opposing, leading and trailing frame members, and opposing, first and second side frame members. Further, an arm is provided that projects from one of the frame members and forms a support face opposite the front face of the PV laminate, with the support face being adapted for placement against a separate installation surface, thereby supporting and orienting the PV laminate relative to the installation surface. With this in mind, a plane of the support face and the major plane of the PV laminate are non-parallel (e.g., the PV laminate is tilted relative to the support face). Regardless, upon final assembly (e.g., factory assembly), the PV laminate and the frame combine to define a unitary structure. In some embodiments, the frame is configured such that when the support face is placed on a flat surface, the PV laminate is oriented at a non-parallel angle relative to the flat surface, for example, at an angle in the range of 3°-7°. In other embodiments, the unitary structure feature of the PV module entails that the frame cannot be disassembled from the PV laminate without destroying at least one of the frame members. In yet other embodiments, the frame members are entirely formed of a polymeric material. In yet other embodiments, one or more of the frame members incorporates integral features that facilitate interconnection with corresponding features of a second, identically formed PV module.
Other aspects in accordance with principles of the present disclosure relate to a method of manufacturing a PV module. The method includes providing a PV device including a PV laminate having a perimeter at a front face defining a major plane. A frame is also provided including leading, trailing, and first and second side frame members. Further, the frame includes an arm projecting from one of the frame members and defining a support face. The PV laminate is mounted to the frame members such that the frame members encase the perimeter. Further, the frame members are mounted to one another. Upon final assembly (e.g., factory assembly), the PV laminate and the frame combine to define a unitary structure, with a plane of the support face and the major plane of the PV laminate being non-parallel. In some embodiments, the frame members are simultaneously mounted to one another and the PV laminate, thereby simplifying the overall manufacturing process.
Other aspects in accordance with principles of the present disclosure relate to a photovoltaic module system kit for non-penetrating installation at a substantially flat surface, such as a commercial building rooftop. The system kit has at least two PV modules each including a PV device and a frame. The PV device includes a PV laminate. The frame is assembled to and surrounds the PV laminate to define a unitary structure. Further, the frame includes an arm forming a planar support face for placement against a separate installation surface so as to tilt the PV laminate relative to the installation surface. The support face and the PV laminate are non-parallel to effectuate tilted arrangement upon non-penetrating installation to a flat rooftop. In kit form appropriate for shipping, the frame of the first PV module is nested on top of the frame of the second PV module, whereby the arm(s) carried by the frames do not impede the nested relationship.
One embodiment of a photovoltaic (PV) module 20 in accordance with principles of the present disclosure is shown in
The PV device 22, including the PV laminate 26, can assume a wide variety of forms currently known or in the future developed appropriate for use as a solar photovoltaic device. In general terms, the PV laminate 26 consists of an array of photovoltaic cells. A glass laminate may be placed over the photovoltaic cells for environmental protection. In some embodiments, the photovoltaic cells advantageously comprise backside-contact cells, such as those of the type available from SunPower Corp., of San Jose, Calif. As a point of reference, in backside-contact cells, wirings leading to external electrical circuits are coupled on the backside of the cell (i.e., the side facing away from the sun upon installation) for increased area for solar collection. Backside-contact cells are also disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,053,083 and 4,927,770, which are both incorporated herein by reference in their entirety. Other types of photovoltaic cells may also be used without detracting from the merits of the present disclosure. For example, the photovoltaic cells can incorporate thin film technology, such as silicon thin films, non-silicon devices (e.g., III-V cells including GaAs), etc. Thus, while not shown in the figures, in some embodiments the PV device 22 can include one or more components in addition to the PV laminate 26, such as wiring or other electrical components.
Regardless of an exact construction, the PV laminate 26 can be described as defining a front face 30 and a perimeter 32 (referenced generally in
With the above understanding of the PV device 22, and in particular the PV laminate 26, in mind, the frame 24 includes a leading frame member 40, a trailing frame member 42, a first side frame member 44, and a second side frame member 46. As described below, the frame 24 incorporates one or more additional features that facilitate arrangement of the PV laminate 26 at a desired orientation (e.g., tilted) relative to a substantially flat surface such as a rooftop. By way of further explanation,
The frame members 40-46 can assume a variety of forms appropriate for encasing the perimeter 32 of the PV laminate 26, as well as establishing the desired tilt angle θ (
Each of the frame members 40-46 can incorporate, in some embodiments, identical features that promote assembly to the PV laminate 26.
A spacing between the lower and upper surfaces 62, 64 can be greater than an expected height or thickness of the PV laminate 26 (
By correlating the guide tabs 72a, 72b with an expected thickness of the PV laminate 26, the bracket assembly 52 is adapted to quickly receive, and desirably position, the PV laminate 26 relative to the bracket 60 for subsequent adhesive bonding as shown in
Returning to
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One embodiment of male and female connectors useful with the present disclosure is shown in
Returning to
In addition to the frame members 40-46 described above, in some embodiments the frame 24 further includes one or more arms that facilitate desired orientation of the PV laminate 26 relative to an installation surface, as well as mounting of two or more PV modules 20 to one another. For example, in some embodiments, the frame 24 includes a first arm 130, a second arm 132, a third arm 134, and a fourth arm 136. The arms 130-136 can be formed by or otherwise associated with various ones of the frame members 40-46; with the construction of
The first and second arms 130, 132 can be of an identical construction, defining mirror images upon final construction of the frame 24. With this in mind,
Additional optional features of the first and second arms 130, 132 are further described with reference to
Similarly, downward extension of the second arm 132 from the second side frame member 46 terminates at a bottom surface 152. The bottom surface 152 (along with an identical surface of the first arm 130 (
Returning to
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As mentioned above, the shoulder 160 extends from a point along a length of the corresponding side frame member 44, 46 (e.g., the second side frame member 46 in the view of
Usefulness of the arm configurations described above in facilitating mounting of two or more of the PV modules 20 to one another can be described with reference to
Mounting of the first and second PV modules 20a, 20b includes the first arm 130a of the first PV module 20a mounted to the third arm 134b of the second PV module 20b, and the second arm 132a of the first PV module 20a mounted to the fourth arm 136b of the second PV module 20b. Similar mounting relationships are established between the first arm 130c of the third PV module 20c and the third arm 134d of the fourth PV module 20d, as well as the second arm 132c and the fourth arm 136d. Finally, the fourth arm 136b of the second PV module 20b is mounted to the third arm 134c of the third PV module 20c.
To effectuate a more complete mounting between the respective arm pairs (e.g., the arms 130a/134b), a coupling device 220 (referenced generally) can be provided, for example including a bolt component 222 and a nut component 224. More particularly, upon arrangement of respective ones of the PV modules 20 in an end-to-end relationship (e.g., the first and second PV modules 20a, 20b), the mounting regions of the corresponding arm pairs (e.g., the mounting region 144a of the first arm 130a and the mounting region 180b (referenced generally) of the third arm 134b) are naturally or intuitively positioned by an installer such that the respective bores 146 (
The simplified array 210 is but one example of a PV module installation facilitated by the present disclosure. The PV module 20 constructions of the present disclosure allow for virtually any array installation configuration (e.g., in terms of number of PV modules 20 mounted to one another on a substantially flat commercial rooftop and/or overall “shape” or geometry of the resultant array). Regardless of the parameters of the desired array, the individual PV modules 20 are simply and quickly mounted to one another as described above, and can be placed at any location within the array. Thus, the PV module 20 has a universal configuration. East-west wiring (or other wiring) can be run “beneath” a line of mounted PV modules 20 as described above (e.g., in
As is evident from the above, the PV modules 20 of the present disclosure greatly simplify the rooftop installation process. Minimal on-site assembly is required in installing an array of tilted, non-penetrating PV solar tiles. An additional advantage is recognized in the context of upfront planning. Because the PV module 20 can effectively be installed (non-penetrating) “as is,” the upfront installation planning process essentially entails the step of ordering the number of PV modules 20 determined to be necessary for a particular installation site. Unlike conventional commercial rooftop PV solar tile formats, installers of PV modules 20 of the present disclosure are not required to estimate the number and type of auxiliary installation component parts ahead of time and hope that the correct estimate is made (and that the correct component parts are actually delivered). In fact, each PV module 20 can be provided to the installation site in a kit form, including the PV module 20 and a standard number of the coupling devices 220 (
In addition to promoting simplified, rapid installation, features of the PV modules 20 of the present disclosure greatly reduce packaging and shipping expenses. Returning to
Regardless of the material(s) used in forming the frame 24, identically formed ones of the PV modules 20 can be compactly arranged for shipping to an installation site. For example,
The PV modules of the present disclosure provide a marked improvement over previous designs. The frame allows for simple, rapid, non-penetrating installation of a PV module array to a flat commercial rooftop, with the corresponding PV laminate desirably being arranged at a tilted orientation. Further, the unitary construction of the frame and PV device (and in particular the PV laminate) greatly reduces ordering, shipping, and handling steps and expenses in a manner not previously considered possible. In sum, the PV modules of the present disclosure address most, if not all, of the drawbacks associated with conventional non-penetrating, tilted PV solar tile installations, thereby enhancing market viability of this environmentally imperative energy technology.
Although the present disclosure has been described with reference to preferred embodiments, workers skilled in the art will recognize that changes can be made in form and detail without departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure. For example, while the frame has been described as including four of the arms, in other embodiments, a lesser or greater number can be provided. Along these same lines, while the various arms have been described as being formed as part of certain frame members (e.g., the side frame members), in other embodiments, one or more of the arms can project from (or be formed as part of) other(s) of the frame members.
Claims
1. A photovoltaic module for non-penetrating installation at a substantially flat surface, the photovoltaic module comprising:
- a photovoltaic device including a photovoltaic laminate having a perimeter and a front face defining a major plane; and
- a frame assembled to and encasing the perimeter of the photovoltaic laminate, the frame including: opposing, leading and trailing frame members, opposing, first and second side frame members, a first arm projecting from the first side frame member and forming a support face opposite the front face for placement against a separate installation surface, wherein the support face of the first arm extends beyond the trailing frame member in a direction opposite the leading frame member, a second arm projecting from the second side frame member and forming a support face extending beyond the trailing frame member, a third arm projecting from the first side frame member and forming a support face beyond the leading frame member; and a fourth arm projecting from the second side frame member and forming a support face beyond the leading frame member.
2. The photovoltaic module of claim 1, wherein the frame is configured such that when the support face is placed on a flat surface, the major plane of the photovoltaic laminate is oriented at a non-parallel angle relative to the flat surface.
3. The photovoltaic module of claim 1, wherein the frame is configured such that when the support face is placed on a horizontal flat surface, the trailing frame member is vertically higher than the leading frame member.
4. The photovoltaic module of claim 1, wherein the major plane of the photovoltaic laminate and the plane of the support face combine to define an included angle in the range of 1°-30°.
5. The photovoltaic module of claim 4, wherein the included angle is in the range of 3°-7°.
6. The photovoltaic module of claim 1, wherein upon final assembly, the photovoltaic laminate and the frame combine to define a unitary structure, and wherein the unitary structure is configured such that the frame cannot be disassembled from the photovoltaic laminate without destroying at least one of the frame members.
7. The photovoltaic module of claim 1, further comprising an adhesive bonding the frame members to the photovoltaic laminate.
8. The photovoltaic module of claim 1, wherein the frame members are entirely formed of a polymeric material.
9. The photovoltaic module of claim 1, wherein the first arm is configured to permit stacking of the frame onto a corresponding frame of a second photovoltaic module assembly of identical construction.
10. The photovoltaic module of claim 9, wherein:
- the first side frame member defines: opposing, upper and lower surfaces, the photovoltaic laminate being located adjacent the upper surface, opposing, leading and trailing ends, an outer edge formed opposite the second side frame member; and
- the first arm includes a shoulder projecting from the first side frame member at an extension point adjacent the trailing end, an entirety of the shoulder below the lower surface and between the extension point and the trailing end being laterally spaced relative to the outer edge in a direction opposite the second side frame member.
11. The photovoltaic module of claim 1, wherein at least one of the frame members is I-shaped in cross-section.
12. The photovoltaic module of claim 1, wherein the first side frame member includes a first connector configured for press-fit assembly with a corresponding, second connector of the trailing frame member.
13. The photovoltaic module of claim 12, wherein:
- the first connector is one of: a female component defining a receptacle, a male component having a shape corresponding with a shape of the receptacle; and
- the second connector is another of the male and female components.
14. The photovoltaic module of claim 13, wherein the male component includes first and second segments, the segments intersecting one another and being approximately perpendicular.
15. The photovoltaic module of claim 13, wherein each of the frame members defines opposing, first and second ends and further including:
- one of the female and male components at the first end; and
- one of the female and male components at the second end.
16. The photovoltaic module of claim 1, wherein the first side frame member includes:
- an elongate frame body; and
- a C-shaped bracket extending from the frame body and forming a channel sized to receive the photovoltaic laminate.
17. The photovoltaic module of claim 16, wherein the bracket includes:
- a lower surface proximate the frame body;
- an upper surface opposite the frame body;
- an end surface extending between the upper and lower surfaces;
- wherein each of the upper and lower surfaces form an angle of not less than 91° in extension from the end surface.
18. The photovoltaic module of claim 16, wherein the first side frame member further includes:
- a plurality of spaced tabs each forming a tapered guide surface from the frame body to the channel for facilitating insertion of the photovoltaic laminate into the channel.
19. The photovoltaic module of claim 1, wherein the frame further includes a mounting region carried at a terminating section of the first arm, the mounting region configured for assembly to a corresponding mounting region associated with the third arm of a second photovoltaic module of identical construction.
20. The photovoltaic module of claim 1, wherein upon placement of the support faces onto a separate installation surface, the support faces are below the frame members.
21. The photovoltaic module of claim 1, wherein the frame members and the arms are each entirely formed of a polymeric material.
22. The photovoltaic module of claim 1, wherein the arms are configured to permit stacking of the frame against the corresponding frame of a second photovoltaic module of identical construction.
23. The photovoltaic module of claim 1, wherein the first arm is adapted to couple to a coupling site of an adjacent photovoltaic module.
24. A photovoltaic module for non-penetrating installation at a substantially flat surface, the photovoltaic module comprising:
- a photovoltaic device including a photovoltaic laminate having a perimeter and a front face defining a major plane; and
- a frame assembled to and encasing the perimeter of the photovoltaic laminate, the frame including: opposing, leading and trailing frame members, opposing, first and second side frame members, and a first arm projecting from one of the frame members and forming a support face opposite the front face for placement against a separate installation surface, wherein the first arm is configured to permit stacking of the frame onto a corresponding frame of a second photovoltaic module assembly of identical construction, and wherein the first side frame member defines: opposing, upper and lower surfaces, the photovoltaic laminate being located adjacent the upper surface, opposing, leading and trailing ends, an outer edge formed opposite the second side frame member, wherein the first arm includes a shoulder projecting from the first side frame member at an extension point adjacent the trailing end, an entirety of the shoulder below the lower surface and between the extension point and the trailing end being laterally spaced relative to the outer edge in a direction opposite the second side frame member.
25. The photovoltaic module of claim 24, wherein the frame is configured such that when the support face is placed on a flat surface, the major plane of the photovoltaic laminate is oriented at a non-parallel angle relative to the flat surface.
26. The photovoltaic module of claim 24, wherein the frame is configured such that when the support face is placed on a horizontal flat surface, the trailing frame member is vertically higher than the leading frame member.
27. The photovoltaic module of claim 24, wherein upon final assembly, the photovoltaic laminate and the frame combine to define a unitary structure, and wherein the unitary structure is configured such that the frame cannot be disassembled from the photovoltaic laminate without destroying at least one of the frame members.
28. The photovoltaic module of claim 24, wherein the first arm is adapted to couple to a coupling site of an adjacent photovoltaic module.
29. A photovoltaic module for non-penetrating installation at a substantially flat surface, the photovoltaic module comprising:
- a photovoltaic device including a photovoltaic laminate having a perimeter and a front face defining a major plane; and
- a frame assembled to and encasing the perimeter of the photovoltaic laminate, the frame including: opposing, leading and trailing frame members, opposing, first and second side frame members, a first arm projecting from one of the frame members and forming a support face opposite the front face for placement against a separate installation surface, wherein the first side frame member includes a first connector configured for press-fit assembly with a corresponding, second connector of the trailing frame member.
30. The photovoltaic module of claim 29, wherein:
- the first connector is one of: a female component defining a receptacle, a male component having a shape corresponding with a shape of the receptacle; and
- the second connector is another of the male and female components.
31. The photovoltaic module of claim 30, wherein the male component includes first and second segments, the segments intersecting one another and being approximately perpendicular.
32. The photovoltaic module of claim 30, wherein each of the frame members defines opposing, first and second ends and further including:
- one of the female and male components at the first end; and one of the female and male components at the second end.
33. The photovoltaic module of claim 29, wherein the first arm is adapted to couple to a coupling site of an adjacent photovoltaic module.
Type: Application
Filed: Jul 23, 2013
Publication Date: Jan 2, 2014
Inventors: Jonathan Botkin (El Cerrito, CA), Simon Graves (Berkeley, CA), Carl J. S. Lenox (Oakland, CA), Matthew Culligan (Berkeley, CA), Matt Danning (Oakland, CA)
Application Number: 13/949,073
International Classification: H01L 31/042 (20060101); E04D 13/00 (20060101);