NOVEL TURBINE BLADE AND TURBINE ASSEMBLY
A turbine assembly comprises an anchor plate, at least one turbine blade mounted to the anchor plate and having an elongated blade body having a longitudinal axis parallel to an axis of rotation, and the at least one turbine blade being operable to move between a first position relative to the axis of rotation and a second position relative to the axis of rotation.
This patent application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/658,215 filed on Jun. 11, 2013, incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
FIELDThe present disclosure relates to the field of power generation, and more particularly to a novel turbine blade and turbine assembly.
BACKGROUNDTurbines are the workhorse of the power generation industry. A turbine converts the kinetic energy of a fluid into the mechanical energy of its rotating blades. Typically consisting of a number of turbine blades mounted about a central rotating shaft, turbines are used to generate electricity from flowing wind, water, gas, steam, and other fluids. Turbines can be vertically mounted such as vertical axis wind turbines (VAWT) or horizontally mounted such as horizontal axis wind turbines (HAWT).
The Savonius turbine, invented by Sigurd Johannes Savonitjs, is a primarily drag-type vertical axis wind turbine disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 1,697,574. It typically uses two half-barrel shaped vanes which are mounted for rotation about a substantially vertical axis.
The Darrieus wind turbine is a primarily lift-type vertical axis wind turbine. This turbine consists of a number of straight or curved vanes typically vertically mounted about a rotating shaft. This turbine design was invented by Georges Jean Marie Darrieus for which he received a patent, U.S. Pat. No. 1,835,018.
Conventional turbine blade designs generally incorporate various modifications and improvement to the Darrieus and Savonius turbine concepts to achieve more efficiency and higher power-generating capacity. For example, a more recent improvement of a Darrieus-type turbine includes blades that are helically mounted about the center shaft, such as the Gorlov helicoid turbine invented by Alexander M. Gorlov in the late 1990's and disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,451,137. Another modified Darrieus-type vertical wind turbine was constructed by Edward Lenz, and includes three straight airfoil-shaped blades mounted about a central shaft.
SUMMARYA turbine assembly comprises an anchor plate, at least one turbine blade mounted to the anchor plate and having an elongated blade body having a longitudinal axis parallel to an axis of rotation, and the at least one turbine blade being operable to move between a first position relative to the axis of rotation and a second position relative to the axis of rotation.
A turbine assembly comprises at least one turbine blade having a blade body having a longitudinal axis parallel to an axis of rotation, and a cross-section that comprises a leading blade edge, a trailing blade edge, an inner blade face coupling the leading blade edge and the trailing blade edge, an outer blade face also coupling the leading blade edge and the trailing blade edge, and the trailing blade edge having inner and outer cup wings that define a cupped surface. The at least one turbine blade being operable to move between a first position relative to the axis of rotation to a second position.
As shown, the blades 12 and 13 of turbine assembly 10 may be displaced outwardly from the central rotational axis 14 to a second position illustrated by blades 12′ and 13′. The blades may be controllably and dynamically moved or tilted in this manner to achieve a predetermined degree of incline and/or distance outwardly from the central rotational axis 14 under certain wind and/or operating conditions. Although the blade movement shown is primarily focused in the top of the blades, it should be understood that both ends of the blades may be displaced to its respective second positions to the same or different distance from the central rotational axis 14. The blades 12 and 13 may be moved in this manner and controllably and securely locked in the second position until conditions are such that they should be moved again to achieve optimal operations.
Although turbine assembly 10 is shown with a pair of turbine blades 12 and 13, it should be noted that a turbine assembly may have any number of blades, including a single blade. The number of blades as well as the configuration of the blade displacement may be determined upon the particular application desired (energy generation, propulsion, etc.), the type of fluid environment (e.g., surf, ocean, river, wind), and the orientation of the blades (e.g., horizontal, vertical, or at an angle).
It is contemplated that a suitable mechanism is employed to achieve the displacement of the blades in various dimensions. The mechanism is operable to controllably move the blades in various degrees of displacement and/or to move the blades between one predetermined position and a second predetermined position. Further, the blades can be securely locked in position once the displacement is completed. The mechanism may achieve the blade movements while the turbine assembly is rotating, or while the assembly is stationary. The mechanism may include conventional electronic circuitry, and electro-mechanical and mechanical components including but is not limited to controllers, drives, solenoids, actuators, motors, pneumatic/hydraulic cylinders, linkages, springs, and sensors, for example.
It is contemplated that the turbine blades may have a predetermined shape that has a variable size from one end of the blade to the other end. For example, the diameter of a semi-circular shaped blade may be smaller at one end and larger at the second end, for example. Similarly, the thickness and configuration of the blades may vary from one end of the blade to the other end.
To facilitate the description of the various parts of a turbine blade, references are made to
The trailing blade edge 54 further comprises a cup 60, which is defined by an inner cup wing 62 and an outer cup wing 64. The cup 60 may comprise smooth contours or angular contours. Further, the inclination angle of the cup 60 may be acute or obtuse. The cup 60 may be symmetrical or asymmetrical in shape. The shape and curvature of the cup 60 are designed to reduce flow stagnation and improve fluid flow to the cup. As shown in
The turbine blade cross-section shown in
In the cross-sectional view shown in
In the cross-sectional view shown in
In the cross-sectional view shown in
In the cross-sectional view shown in
In the cross-sectional view shown in
In the cross-sectional view shown in
In the cross-sectional view shown in
In the cross-sectional view shown in
In the cross-sectional view shown in
The turbine assembly of the present disclosure may include one or more blades depending on the use, application, and target environment. The blades may be joined at one or both ends by end caps or plates. In addition or alternatively, one or more support members may be used to attach each turbine blade to the central shaft. The blade spacing, including placement and orientation may vary from that explicitly depicted and described herein to optimize turbine efficiency or other characteristics. Further, the turbine blade surfaces, the platform onto which the turbine blades are mounted, and other parts of the turbine assembly may incorporate solar panel technology to provide additional power generation capacity. In an alternate embodiment, the blade spacing, twist, angle of attack, and other configurations may be dynamically adjustable using microprocessor controllers according to dynamic environmental conditions and other criteria to optimize efficiency and other operating parameters.
The turbine blades described herein may comprise any suitable material or combination of materials (such as composites), including carbon fibers, glass fibers, polymers (epoxy, vinyl ester, nylon, etc.), plastics (acrylics, polyesters, polyurethanes, halogenated plastics, etc.), metals, carbon nanotubes, etc. The material may be selected to construct a rigid blade or a flexible (bendable or twistable) blade. The materials may be selected according to the characteristics of the moving fluid in which the turbine is expected to operate. For example, the turbine assembly may operate in open air, directional air, underwater, river, and tidal applications.
The turbine assembly of the present disclosure may comprise one, two, three, or more generally vertically or horizontally mounted, twisted helical or straight blades with a cup formation in the trailing blade edge. Alternatively, the turbine blades and central shaft may be mounted in an axis generally deviating from the horizontal or vertical axis. As described above, the blade spacing, configuration, and orientation may be modified to satisfy requirements in operational efficiency, aesthetic appearance, and noise generation for the given operating environment. A mechanical mechanism may be employed to vary the position and/or configuration of the turbine blades to optimize for wind and/or operating conditions. The change in position and/or configuration of the blades may effective expand or contract the volume swept by the turbine blades to achieve certain desired operations.
The rotating turbine blades can generate energy from a number of different fluids, including air, water and industrial process fluids. Traditionally these turbines are placed on the ground or stationary objects, such as a building, to generate energy from air movement. The defined turbines can also be placed on an object, such as a buoy or a boat, into the air to capture kinetic energy from the air's movement and also placed on the object into the water to capture kinetic energy from the water's movement due to current. The turbine can be used to harvest artificially created or secondary fluid movement, such as capture of wind created by moving objects such as cars and humans, water wake created by ships and fish, fluid movement created by mechanical movement of fluid such as an exhaust fan or industrial process, or secondary fluid movement created by a natural phenomenon such as air moving out of a cave or escaping from an underwater ground fissure.
The turbines can be used as a product component to generate energy used by the product, such as inclusion of turbine as a component in an overhead street light or in a cell tower to provide electrical energy for direct use within the street light or cell tower. In addition, the inclusion of a turbine within a product also allows for energy to delivered by the product to other uses, such as energy not used by the cell tower to be moved to a secondary storage facility for future use or onto the grid for delivery to other locations and uses.
The turbines also create a secondary flow as fluid leaves the turbine, creating the opportunity for the fluid and its kinetic energy to be directed for reuse, such as locomotion or propulsion of an object. The movement of the turbine blade, such as revolutions per minute, can be used to measure and detect fluid characteristics such as flow rate and viscosity.
The features of the present invention which are believed to be novel are set forth below with particularity in the appended claims. However, modifications, variations, and changes to the exemplary embodiments described above will be apparent to those skilled in the art, and the turbine assembly and blade described herein thus encompass such modifications, variations, and changes and are not limited to the specific embodiments described herein.
Claims
1. A turbine assembly comprising:
- an anchor plate;
- at least one turbine blade mounted to the anchor plate and having an elongated blade body having a longitudinal axis parallel to an axis of rotation; and
- the at least one turbine blade being operable to move between a first position relative to the axis of rotation and a second position relative to the axis of rotation.
2. The turbine assembly of claim 1, wherein the second position varies from the first position in the amount of inclination angle measured from the axis of rotation.
3. The turbine assembly of claim 1, wherein the second position varies from the first position in distance from the axis of rotation.
4. The turbine assembly of claim 1, wherein the second position varies from the first position in an amount of twist of the blade body.
5. The turbine assembly of claim 1, wherein the second position varies from the first position in an amount of helical twist of both blade bodies about the axis of rotation.
6. The turbine assembly of claim 1, further comprising a second anchor plate.
7. The turbine assembly of claim 1, wherein the blade body comprises a plurality of solar electricity-generating panels.
8. The turbine assembly of claim 1, wherein the turbine blades have semi-circular shape in cross-section.
9. The turbine assembly of claim 1, wherein a second end of the turbine blades comprises a scalloped edge.
10. The turbine assembly of claim 1, further comprising at least one second turbine blade mounted to the anchor plate at a predetermined configuration from the first turbine blade including a first off-set in a first axis and a second off-set in a second axis, having an elongated blade body having a longitudinal axis parallel to an axis of rotation, and the at least one second turbine blade being operable to move between a first position relative to the axis of rotation and a second position relative to the axis of rotation.
11. The turbine assembly of claim 1, wherein the blade body is generally helical along the longitudinal axis.
12. The turbine assembly of claim 1, wherein the blade body is generally twisted about the longitudinal axis.
14. The turbine assembly of claim 1, wherein the blade body comprises a plurality of modular sections.
15. The turbine assembly of claim 1, wherein the blade body is mounted along a generally vertically-oriented axis.
16. The turbine assembly of claim 1, wherein the blade body is mounted along a generally horizontally-oriented axis.
17. The turbine assembly of claim 1, wherein the blade body cross-section comprises:
- a leading blade edge;
- a trailing blade edge;
- an inner blade face coupling the leading blade edge and the trailing blade edge;
- an outer blade face also coupling the leading blade edge and the trailing blade edge; and
- the trailing blade edge having inner and outer cup wings that define a cupped surface.
18. A turbine assembly comprising:
- at least one turbine blade having a blade body having a longitudinal axis parallel to an axis of rotation, and a cross-section that comprises: a leading blade edge; a trailing blade edge; an inner blade face coupling the leading blade edge and the trailing blade edge; an outer blade face also coupling the leading blade edge and the trailing blade edge; and the trailing blade edge having inner and outer cup wings that define a cupped surface; and
- the at least one turbine blade being operable to move between a first position relative to the axis of rotation to a second position.
19. The turbine assembly of claim 18, wherein the blade body is generally helical along the longitudinal axis.
20. The turbine assembly of claim 18, wherein the blade body is generally twisted about the longitudinal axis.
21. The turbine assembly of claim 18, wherein the blade body comprises a plurality of modular sections.
22. The turbine assembly of claim 18, wherein the blade body is mounted along a generally vertically-oriented axis.
23. The turbine assembly of claim 18, wherein the blade body is mounted along a generally horizontally-oriented axis.
24. The turbine assembly of claim 18, wherein the blade body is mounted along an axis generally deviating from the horizontal and vertical axes.
25. The turbine assembly of claim 18, wherein the blade body comprises a plurality of solar electricity-generating panels.
26. The turbine assembly of claim 18, wherein the inner and outer cup wings resemble a swallow tail.
27. The turbine assembly of claim 18, wherein the second position varies from the first position in the amount of inclination angle measured from the axis of rotation.
28. The turbine assembly of claim 18, wherein the second position varies from the first position in distance from the axis of rotation.
29. The turbine assembly of claim 18, wherein the second position varies from the first position in an amount of twist of the blade body.
30. The turbine assembly of claim 18, wherein the second position varies from the first position in an amount of helical twist of both blade bodies about the axis of rotation.
Type: Application
Filed: Jun 11, 2013
Publication Date: Jan 9, 2014
Inventors: Danny FAJARDO (Albuquerque, NM), Joel GOLDBLATT (Santa Fe, NM), Edward B. WHITE (College Station, TX), Paul G.A. CIZMAS (College Station, TX)
Application Number: 13/915,493
International Classification: F01D 7/00 (20060101);