PORTABLE SELF POWERED LINE MOUNTABLE DEVICE FOR MEASURING AND TRANSMITTING RAINFALL MEASUREMENTS

Abstract

A device for attaching to an electric power line conductor an electrically conductive housing with an opening for accepting the power line conductor. The housing is configured to be grounded to the power line conductor. At least one magnetic core is configured to surround the power line conductor and power a power supply electronics module. An infrared optical rain sensor measuring device is located within the housing.

Description

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

The application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/740, 517 which was filed on Dec. 21, 2012.

BACKGROUND

The present disclosure relates to a multiple parameter sensor-transmitter/receiver unit which may be installed on or removed from an energized electric power line, such as an overhead power line. With the advent of Smart-Grid applications for electric power systems, there is an ever increasing need for a device that measures electric, mechanical, and environmental parameters of the power line.

In order to address the increasing need for monitoring power lines, devices have been developed that attach directly to the power line. These devices generally require a power source, such as batteries or solar panels. When utilizing batteries, regular maintenance must be performed to replace the batteries, which can become costly. When solar panels are used, the device may only be powered during sunny weather conditions and during daylight hours. Therefore, there is a need for a device which is low maintenance and can be constantly powered independent of weather conditions.

When it comes to measuring or sensing rainfall, both infrared and capacitive sensors can be used. For example, in the automotive industry, infrared optical rain sensors measure a rate of rainfall to control windshield wipers.

SUMMARY

A device for attaching to an electric power line conductor and an electrically conductive housing with an opening for accepting the power line conductor. The housing is configured to be grounded to the power line conductor. At least one magnetic core is configured to surround the power line conductor and power a power supply electronics module. An infrared optical rain sensor measuring device is located within the housing.

A method of measuring rainfall on a power line conductor including signal conditioning measured values of a rate of rainfall. The signal conditioned measured values are sent to a remote location with a transmitter-receiver unit located within a housing. A sensor electronics module and the transmitter-receiver unit are powered from current flowing in the power line conductor. The measured values are processed to determine a current carrying capacity of the power line conductor.

These and other features of the disclosed examples can be understood from the following description and the accompanying drawings, which can be briefly described as follows.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 illustrates a right side view of an example sensor transmitter receiver unit (“STR unit”).

FIG. 2 illustrates a front view of the STR unit of FIG. 1.

FIG. 3 illustrates a cross-sectional view taken along line A-A of FIG. 2.

FIG. 4 illustrates a cross-sectional view taken along line A-A of FIG. 2 with an example hotstick.

FIG. 5 illustrates another cross-sectional view taken along line A-A of FIG. 2 with the example hotstick.

FIG. 5a illustrates an enlarged view of a keyhole slot.

FIG. 6 illustrates another cross-sectional view taken along line A-A of FIG. 2 engaging a conductor.

FIG. 7 illustrates an example upper magnetic core subassembly.

FIG. 8 illustrates an expanded view of an example upper magnetic core and an example lower magnetic core surrounding the conductor and an example power supply transformer.

FIG. 9 illustrates a schematic view of the line mounted power supply, electronics and transmitter-receiver of the STR unit.

FIG. 10 illustrates an expanded view of the lower magnetic core, example lead screw assembly, and an example hotstick guide tube.

FIG. 11 illustrates the collapsed view of the lower magnetic core, the lead screw assembly, and the hotstick guide tube.

FIG. 12 illustrates a cross-sectional view taken along line B-B of FIG. 2.

FIG. 13 illustrates a cross-sectional view taken along line C-C of FIG. 1.

FIG. 14 illustrates an exploded view of example support blocks mounting the upper magnetic core subassembly and example upper and lower jaws.

FIG. 15 illustrates an exploded view of an upper magnetic core mount and the upper and lower jaws.

FIG. 16 illustrates an infrared optical rain sensor.

FIG. 17 illustrates the optical rain sensor of FIG. 16 with rain and electronics shielding.

FIG. 17a illustrates an enlarged portion of an electrostatic shielding mechanism.

FIG. 18 illustrates a right side view of the optical rain sensor of FIG. 16 mounted in a lower housing.

FIG. 19 illustrates a right side view of a bezel and a rain sensor shield.

FIG. 20 illustrates a cross-sectional view taken along line P-P of FIG. 19 including electrostatic and electromagnetic shielding.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

FIGS. 1 and 2 illustrate an example sensor transmitter receiver unit (“STR unit”) 1 installed on a power line conductor C for measuring and monitoring various parameters of the power line conductor C and its environment. The STR unit 1 is formed from a one piece upper housing 2 and a one piece lower housing 3. The lower housing 3 is accepted into a bead 4 formed on a distal end of the upper housing 2. In this example, the bead 4 which is an integral part of the upper housing 2 is formed by machining a portion of the upper housing 2 to form a groove on the inside of the bead 4. The lower housing 3 is secured to the bead 4 and the upper housing 2 by a collar 5. The collar 5 attaches to a hotstick guide tube 13 (FIG. 3) that is secured to the upper housing 2 and extends through the lower housing 3.

In one example, the upper housing 2 and the lower housing 3 are made of aluminum or other suitable electrically conductive material. The material chosen should accommodate subassembly installation without the use of external surface fasteners which could generate corona discharges due to high voltage being applied to the upper housing 2 and the lower housing 3. The upper housing 2 has the advantage of reducing the number of mating surfaces and eliminating mismatches between multiple cast parts which can generate corona discharges and audible noise due to slightly offset sharp edges of the mating surfaces of the adjacent castings.

Referring to FIGS. 3 and 4, before the STR unit 1 is clamped onto the conductor C, a lower jaw 7 is moved to its fully lowered position spaced from upper jaws 6. This allows the conductor C to pass from position “A” of FIG. 3 through a throat T on the left side of the upper housing 2 and onto the upper jaws 6 in position “B” as shown in FIG. 5.

With the lower jaw 7 of the STR unit 1 in its fully lowered position, a specially designed hotstick 10 is inserted into the bottom of the STR unit 1 and inside the hotstick guide tube 13. In this example, the hotstick 10 is made of an electrically insulated material such as fiberglass. The hotstick 10 includes a hotstick driver assembly 9 (FIG. 4) attached to the hotstick 10 with a pin 36. The hotstick 10 provides the required electrical insulation between the hands of the linemen and the energized conductor C. A flexible stirrup assembly 11 (FIG. 4) contains a flexible braided conductor 12 which bends out of the way to allow the hotstick driver assembly 9 to enter a hole in the collar 5. As mentioned earlier, the collar 5 secures the lower housing 3 to the bead 4 on the upper housing 2. The collar 5 is fastened to the hotstick guide tube 13 using the set screw 5a which is screwed into the collar 5 and into a hole in the hotstick guide tube 13.

With the hotstick 10 and the hotstick driver assembly 9 fully engaged inside the hotstick guide tube 13, the STR unit 1 can be lifted by the lineman with the hotstick 10 onto the conductor C while maintaining the STR unit 1 securely attached to the hotstick 10.

The upper housing 2 includes two jaw inserts 8, shown in FIGS. 5 and 14, located adjacent the throat T and the upper jaws 6. The two jaw inserts 8 include inclined surfaces 8a and the upper jaws 6 include inclined surfaces 6a. The angle of incline of the inclined surfaces 8a matches the angle of the incline of an inclined surface 2a on the upper housing 2.

The angle of the inclined surfaces 6a is steeper than the angle of the inclined surfaces 8a and the inclined surface 2a to aid in installing the STR Unit 1 on the conductor C. As the conductor C slides across the inclined surfaces 2a and 8a and reaches the steeper incline of the inclined surface 6a, the STR unit 1 will bounce slightly upward and land in a circular notch 6b of the upper jaws 6 (See FIG. 4). This allows a conductor temperature sensor to be mounted vertically and in the middle inside the upper jaws 6 and initially extends slightly below the circular notch 6b for the upper portion of the conductor C. The two different inclined surfaces 6a and 8a of the jaw inserts 8 and upper jaws 6 prevent the conductor temperature sensor S, shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, from becoming damaged since the conductor C firmly lands vertically in the circular notch 6b of the upper jaws 6 and pushes the conductor temperature sensor S up to the inside surface of the circular notch 6b.

In FIG. 3, the lower jaw 7 is located in a pocket P between two legs of a lower magnetic core 14. The lower jaw 7 is held in place with two spring pins 132 and 133 (FIG. 15) located in the lower jaw 7 that snap into two holes 15 in a lower jaw holder 16 (FIGS. 10 and 11) which is attached to a bottom block 19 using two screws 20 (FIG. 3). The bottom block 19 is located adjacent the base of the upper housing 2.

Two identical electrically conductive lower core covers 17 partially surround the two legs of the lower magnetic core 14. The lower core covers 17 are attached to the bottom block 19 on each side of the lower jaw holder 16 using screws 18 of FIG. 3 on the front right side and one set of the screws 18 on the back left side (not shown). The front and back lower jaw holders 16 are both held in place by the four screws 20, two in the front and two in the back. The two legs of the lower magnetic core 14 are totally encased by the two lower core covers 17 and the front and back lower jaw holders 16. Therefore, the lower magnetic core 14 is not exposed to any moisture, such as from rain, snow, and ice that could enter through the throat T of the upper housing 2 (FIG. 3).

The bottom block 19 contains a conical hole 21 in the center which provides a very low friction bearing surface for the semi-circular top of a lead screw 22 (FIG. 3). The lead screw 22 is held in the conical hole 21 with a retainer plate 23 which has a hole in the middle the size of the lead screw 22 diameter and is fastened to the bottom block 19. The lead screw 22 is threaded into the center of a threaded bushing 25. The threaded bushing 25 has a reduced diameter cylindrical lower portion which fits inside the hotstick guide tube 13 and a larger diameter cylindrical top portion of the threaded bushing 25 is supported on the upper end of the hotstick guide tube 13. Both the threaded bushing 25 and the hotstick guide tube 13 are attached to a hotstick guide support 26 using two large through bolts 27 and nuts which are placed through the holes in a bottom support 28.

Referring to FIG. 2, the upper jaws 6 include two spaced apart jaws and the lower jaw 7 includes a single jaw aligned between the two spaced apart upper jaws 6. When lower jaw 7 is clamped onto the conductor C, the conductor C is bent slightly upward as the lower jaw 7 extends upward between the upper jaws 6 creating a bending moment in the conductor C. The bending moment in the conductor C prevents the STR unit 1 from sliding down the conductor C, especially when the STR unit 1 is mounted at the point of attachment adjacent a utility pole or tower where the slope of the conductor C is at its maximum value. Preventing the upper jaws 6 and the lower jaw 7 from sliding down the conductor C at the point of attachment is necessary when the STR unit is being used to measure sag of the power line conductor.

Referring to FIGS. 5 and 5a, the bottom support 28 includes an upside down “U” shaped cross member and is fastened at each end to the upper housing with two large threaded screws 29 on each side. The threaded bushing 25 has two small vertical holes 25a drilled through the threaded bushing 25 on each side of the threaded hole in the middle for the lead screw 22. The vertical holes 25a are countersunk on the top and provide drainage paths for fluid, such as rain water, that can accumulate underneath the bottom block 19 and on top of the bottom support 28 (FIG. 5a). The water then drains through the two vertical holes 25a in the threaded bushing 25 and drops on the inside of the hotstick guide tube 13 and out the bottom of the STR unit 1. Therefore, water will not leak into the lower housing 3.

Referring to FIG. 6, the lead screw 22 has a small diameter hotstick guide 30 which is threaded on the inside and is screwed on the bottom of the lead screw 22. A pin 31 keeps the hotstick guide 30 from turning on the lead screw 22. The hotstick guide 30 prevents the inside of a hotstick lead screw driver 33 from coming into contact with the threads on the lead screw 22 and damaging the internal bore of the lead screw driver 33. It also guides the lead screw driver 33 onto the lead screw 22. When the pin 31 engages the lead screw driver 33 the STR unit 1 is ready for installation on the conductor C.

The hotstick driver assembly 9 includes the lead screw driver 33, a hotstick driver coupling 32, a rivet 34, a hotstick sleeve 35, the pin 36, and the hotstick 10. The hotstick 10 of FIG. 4 rests on the rounded portion of the hotstick driver coupling 32 and the rounded inside bottom of the hotstick guide tube 13. This prevents the lead screw driver 33 from applying pressure to the threaded bushing 25 upon installation of the STR unit 1 on the conductor C. The lead screw driver 33 and the hotstick driver coupling 32 are each fastened to the hotstick sleeve 35 by the rivet 34 and the hotstick sleeve 35 is attached to the hotstick 10 with the pin 36. A long narrow vertical slot in the lead screw driver 33 allows the pin 31 of the lead screw 22 to be engaged with the lead screw driver 33 and is free to slide up or down in the vertical slot 37 as the lead screw is turned to tighten the lower jaw 7 on the conductor C or to loosen the lower jaw 7 from the conductor C to remove the STR unit 1.

When the hotstick driver assembly 9 is engaged with the lead screw 22 as shown in FIG. 4, the STR unit 1 is raised to position “A” relative to the height of the conductor C. The STR unit 1 is then moved toward the conductor C so that the conductor C passes through the throat T of the upper housing 2 and into position “B” as shown in FIG. 5. Once the STR unit 1 is fully supported by the conductor C in position “B”, the hotstick driver assembly 9 is turned clockwise by the installer with the hotstick 10 and allowed to drop down from its position in FIG. 4 to a lower position as in FIG. 5. A horizontal keyhole slot 38 of the lead screw driver 33 is now engaged with the pin 31 of the lead screw 22. With the pin 31 in the horizontal keyhole slot 38, the hotstick driver assembly 9 and the hotstick 10 are secured to the STR unit 1.

In this example, an opening and closing mechanism 39 of FIG. 6 extends the lower jaw 7 upward to secure the STR unit 1 on the conductor C. Additionally, the opening and closing mechanism 39 can also retract the lower jaw 7 to remove the STR unit 1 from the conductor C. The opening and closing mechanism 39 includes the lower magnetic core 14, the lower core covers 17, the lower jaw holders 16, the lower jaw 7, spring pins 132 and 133, the bottom block 19, the retainer plate 23, two fasteners 24, the lead screw 22, the hotstick guide 30, and the pin 31.

FIG. 6 illustrates the keyhole slot 38 on the lead screw driver 33 engaged with the pin 31 on the lead screw 22. As the lead screw 22 is turned clockwise, the opening and closing mechanism 39 moves the lower magnetic core 14 toward an upper magnetic core 40. The upper magnetic core 40 has two large compression springs 41 to bias the upper magnetic core 40 downward. The compression springs 44 provide pressure to hold both the upper magnetic core 40 and the lower magnetic core 14 together to reduce the magnetic reluctance caused by air gaps 54 (FIG. 8) between the upper magnetic core 40 and the lower magnetic core 14.

The hotstick driver assembly 9 can continue to be turned clockwise even after the lower magnetic core 14 begins to mate with the upper magnetic core 40 because the compression springs 41 compress at the top of the upper magnetic core 40. The clockwise motion of the hotstick driver assembly 9 can be achieved either manually or with a battery powered drill or another rotating device, until the lower jaw 7 is tightened onto the conductor C. After the STR unit 1 is mounted on the conductor C, the hotstick 10 is turned slightly to the left, or counterclockwise, and the pin 31 will become disengaged from the horizontal portion of the keyhole slot 38. The hotstick 10 is then free to be removed when the pin 31 aligns with the vertical slot 37.

FIGS. 7 and 8 illustrate the bottom of the compression springs 41 are held in alignment in two cylindrical pockets 42 of two identical horizontal upper core blocks 43 which are each used to clamp the upper magnetic core 40 to two identical magnetic horizontal lower core blocks 44. The top of the compression springs 41 are held in place with two projections 49 extending downward on the inside of the upper housing 2. The compression springs 41 are totally enclosed by the upper housing 2 and are protected from the adverse weather which can cause corrosion. The air gaps 54 between the upper and lower magnetic cores 40 and 14 are totally enclosed by the upper housing 2 which prevents the air gaps 54 from becoming corroded due to moisture from the environment. The horizontal upper core blocks 43 and the horizontal lower core blocks 44 are clamped around the upper magnetic core 40 on each side using two through bolts 45 and two nuts 46 in the front and two through bolts 45 and two nuts 46 located in the back of the upper horizontal core blocks 43 and horizontal lower core blocks 44.

When the two large compression springs 41 push the upper core blocks 43 down, the upper magnetic core 40 is prevented from falling out of a left core shoe 50 and a right core shoe 51, by a step 52 located at the bottom of the right core shoe 51 and a step 53 located at the bottom of the left core shoe 50.

When the lower magnetic core 14 mates with the upper magnetic core 40, the lead screw 22 can be turned further clockwise to move the two upper core blocks 43 away from the steps 52 and 53 and further compress the compression springs 41. The lead screw 22 can continue to be turned clockwise and compress the compression springs 41 until the lower jaw 7 and the upper jaws 6 are tight on the conductor C.

Electrical insulating spools 47 are inserted over each of the through bolts 45 and electrical insulating washers 48 are inserted under the head of each through bolt 45 and under each nut 46. The insulating spools 47 and the insulating washers 48 on each of the through bolts 45 prevent shorted electrically conductive paths around the upper magnetic core 40 which is comprised of the four through bolts 45, four nuts 46, the two electrically conductive upper core blocks 43 and the two lower core blocks 44.

When the upper jaws 6 and the lower jaw 7 are firmly tightened on the conductor C, the compression springs 41 are compressed to their maximum distance, and thus the maximum compressive force is also applied to the lower magnetic core 14 and the upper magnetic core 40. This decreases the size of the air gaps 54 between the lower magnetic core 14 and the upper magnetic core 40 and the magnetic reluctance between the lower magnetic core 14 and the upper magnetic core 40. Depending on the size of the conductor C, varying amounts torque can be applied to the hotstick driver assembly 9 to tighten the opening and closing mechanism 39 on the conductor C.

The physical size and shape of the upper jaws 6 and the lower jaw 7 are designed such that approximately the same compressive force is applied to the upper magnetic core 40 and the lower magnetic core 14. In one example, there are five different sets of upper and lower jaws 6 and 7 that can fit different conductor sizes and types ranging from 0.162 inches in diameter and up to 1.17 inches in diameter. The opening and closing mechanism 39 allows the STR unit 1 to be installed on a wide range of conductor diameters without changing the upper jaws 6 and the lower jaws 7 while maintaining sufficient contact between the upper magnetic core 40 and the lower magnetic core 14 to complete the magnetic circuit of the power supply transformer 55 of the STR unit 1 which derives its power from the current flowing through the conductor C to power a power supply module 60 of FIG. 9. Because the STR unit 1 derives power from the conductor C, batteries or solar cells are not required to power the STR unit 1. The STR unit 1 is powered at all times when current is flowing in the conductor C, even at current levels as low as 6.8 amperes and still process data and transmit data at 1 watt power levels because of the low threshold of the power supply module 60.

Maintaining a minimum magnetic reluctance insures that a power supply transformer 55 (FIGS. 8 and 9) will provide the needed secondary voltage V₂ and secondary current I₂ to operate the power supply transformer 55, sensor electronics module 63, and transmitter/receiver 64. The power supply transformer 55 includes the upper magnetic core 40, the lower magnetic core 14, and a coil winding 56. The upper magnetic core and the lower magnetic core form a window W for accepting the conductor C.

The number of secondary turns N₂ of wire on the coil winding 56 are optimized to produce the required secondary voltage V₂ and secondary current I₂ with a minimum of current I₁ in the conductor C. The coil winding 56 is held in place by two coil bobbins 57 which are supported laterally by the two upper core blocks 43 and the two lower core blocks 44. Secondary leads 58a and 59a of coil windings 58 and 59, respectively, are connected to the power supply module 60 which maintains the same level of secondary voltage across leads 61 and 62 for the sensor electronics module 63 and the transmitter/receiver 64 even though the primary current may range from 34 amperes up to 1000 amperes. Lower primary currents of 6.8 amperes are achievable with the low threshold current power supply module 60. The power supply module 60 contains an energy storage device 256 (FIG. 13) which can power the transmitter/receiver 64 when the conductor C current ceases to flow. A transmitting and receiving antenna 81 for the on-board transmitter/receiver 64 is mounted on the upper housing 2 (FIG. 12).

Locating the coil winding 56, 58, and 59 on the upper magnetic core 40 allows the heat from the coil winding 56, 58, and 59 to escape through a vent 65 (FIG. 1) in the upper housing 2. When the conductor sensor S located within the STR unit 1 measures the temperature of the conductor C, it is important that the heat from the coil windings 56, 58, and 59 does not affect the temperature of the conductor C or the conductor temperature sensor S, which is in electrical communication with the sensor electronics module 63. As shown in FIG. 6, a thermally insulating barrier 66 located below the coil windings 56, 58, and 59, allows for a more accurate temperature reading of the conductor temperature by blocking heat from the coil windings 56, 58, and 59.

FIGS. 10-12 and 13 illustrate the lower magnetic core 14 with the lower core covers 17, the lead screw 22, the hotstick guide tube 13, and other related parts in both exploded and collapsed views. The hotstick guide tube 13 is anchored at the top with the through bolts 27 that extend through the bottom support 28 and the hotstick guide support 26. A round cylindrical milled slot 67 is located along opposing sides of the top of the hotstick guide tube 13 to accept the through bolts 27 that support the hotstick guide tube 13.

A central hole 70 extends through a base plate support 68 and a base plate 69 for accepting a bottom portion of the hotstick guide tube 13. The base plate support 68 and the base plate 69 are connected to each other with four identical threaded screws 71. The hotstick guide tube 13 is attached to the base plate support 68 and the base plate 69 with set screws 72 and 73. Left and right side panels 76 of FIG. 12 are attached to the base plate support 68 and the bottom support 28 for the lower core 14 with the use of two identical screws 74 extending through the bottom support 28 and the side panel 76 and at the bottom with two identical screws 75 extending through the side panel 76 and the base plate support 68.

The threaded bushing 25 rests on top of the hotstick guide tube 13 and is prevented from turning relative to the hotstick guide tube 13 using a set screw 77. The left and right side panels 76 not only provide added strength, but also provide the physical space to mount the power supply module 60, the transmitter/receiver 64, the sensor electronics 63, and support left and right lower core guides 78 and 79.

The left lower core guide 78 and a right lower core guide 79 are “U” shaped and guide the opening and closing mechanism 39 such that the lower magnetic core 14 is aligned with the upper magnetic core 40. Each of the left and right lower core guides 78 and 79 are attached to the left and right side panels 76 with four threaded screws 80. The lower housing 3 is placed over the hotstick guide tube 13 at the bottom and fitted up to the base plate 69 and held in place with the collar 5. This means that once the collar 5 is removed, the lower housing 3 can be removed thus allowing access to the power supply module 60, sensor electronics module 63, and the transmitter/receiver 64 of FIG. 9 mounted inside and on the left and right side panels 76 for easy maintenance and repair.

FIGS. 7 and 12-15 illustrate an upper magnetic core subassembly 40a mounted to the upper housing 2. The left and right core shoes 50 and 51 support the upper magnetic core 40 such that the upper magnetic core 40 can move freely up and down inside the left and right shoes 50 and 51. The left and right core shoes 50 and 51 are attached to the upper housing 2 using four support blocks 86 and 87 of FIG. 14, right and left upper core guides 90 and 93, and four vertical through bolts 94, 95, 96, and 97.

The upper magnetic core subassembly 40a can be inserted through the throat T and fastened to the inside of the upper housing 2. A top portion of the upper housing 2 is “C” shaped which provides a surface on the inside for mounting a current sensing device 156 for measuring the power line frequency current (60Hz or 50Hz) and a loop coil 157 for measuring lightning stroke current (FIGS. 13 and 16).

The right core shoe 51 has two identical threaded holes 82 and 83 on the front and back for a total of four, and left core shoe 50 has two identical threaded holes 84 and 85 on the front and back for a total of four as shown in FIGS. 7 and 14. As shown in FIG. 14, two identical support blocks 86 on the right side are placed on the front and back of the right core shoe 51 and two identical support blocks 87 are placed on the front and back of the left core shoe 50.

To align the two right side support blocks 86 with the two sets of threaded holes 82 and 83 on the right side of the right core shoe 51, threaded screws 88 and 89 are first inserted into the upper and lower holes in the right side upper core guide 90 and then through the two holes in the right support block 86 and screwed into the accommodating threaded holes 82 and 83 of the right core shoe 51. The two left side support blocks 87 are held in alignment with the left core shoe 50 by first inserting two threaded screws 91 and 92 through the other end of the right side upper core guide 90 and then through the holes in the left side support block 87 and screwed into the threaded holes 84 and 85 of the left core shoe 50. The same process is repeated on the back side by connecting support blocks 86 and 87 to the left upper core guide 93 with the backside of the right core shoe 51 and the back side of the left core shoe 50.

The purpose of the upper core guides 90 and 93 is to insure the two long vertical through bolts 94 and 95 placed through the vertical holes in the two right side support blocks 86 and two long vertical through bolts 96 and 97 placed through the vertical holes in the two left side support blocks 87 line up with the four threaded holes in four threaded inserts 98, 99, 100, and 101, which are embedded in the casting of the upper housing 2. The two right side support blocks 86 are prevented from falling down by inserting the back of a right side upper jaw holder 102 and the back of the left side upper jaw holder 103 over the vertical through bolts 94 and 95 and threading nuts 104 and 105 onto the two vertical through bolts 94 and 95 and tightening them down, respectively. The two left side support blocks 87 are held in place by inserting the vertical through bolts 96 and 97 through the front hole in the right side upper jaw holder 102 and the front hole in the left side upper jaw holder 103 and threading two nuts 106 and 107 on the vertical through bolts 96 and 97 and tightening them down, respectively.

Four threaded through standoffs 108, 109, 110, and 111 are screwed onto the four vertical through bolts 94, 95, 96, and 97, respectively. The thermal barrier 66 is placed over the four bottom holes of the standoffs 108, 109, 110, and 111 and screwed to the standoffs 110 and 111 on the front left side with two flat head screws 112 as shown in FIG. 15.

FIGS. 2 and 15 illustrate casting fillers 113 and 114 located on the back left and back right sides of the STR unit 1 and secured with round head screws 115 which are first inserted through holes in the casting fillers 113 and 114 and then through the two back holes on the right and left side of the thermal barrier 66 and into the standoffs 108 and 109, respectively.

After the upper magnetic core subassembly 40a is mounted, the left and right lower core guides 78 and 79 including the opening and closing mechanism subassembly 39 and the left and right side panels 76 are inserted through the bottom of the upper housing 2 (See FIG. 12). Four screws 29 are inserted through the two holes on the left and the two holes on the right of the bottom support 28 and screwed into the threaded holes of the upper housing 2. It should be noted that during the insertion process, the right lower core guide 79, shown in FIG. 12, slides around the outside surface of the right core shoe 51 and underneath a tab 116 at the top as a weldment on the right upper side of the right core shoe 51.

As shown in FIG. 12, the tab 116 insures that the right lower core guide 79 fits precisely around the outside of the right core shoe 51 to provide a near perfect alignment of the lower magnetic core 14 with the upper magnetic core 40. The precise alignment between the upper magnetic core 40 and the lower magnetic core 14 reduces magnetic reluctance by decreasing the air gaps 54. This results in a decrease in the threshold current for the operation of the power supply module 60.

Referring to FIGS. 14 and 15, the right side upper jaw holder 102 and the left side upper jaw holder 103 support the two upper jaws 6 and the jaw inserts 8. The long vertical through bolts 96 and 97 which are screwed into the threaded inserts 100 and 101 at the top and on the inside of the upper housing 2 fit through top holes 117 and 118 on the back and front of the right side upper jaw holder 102 on the right side. Also, flush mount screws 119 and 120 are inserted on the back and through corresponding holes in the right side upper jaw holder 102 and are screwed into the upper housing. The flush mount screws 119 and 120 are installed before the upper jaws 6 and inserts 8 are mounted to the right side upper jaw holder 102. The same arrangement for mounting the left side upper jaw holder 103 is followed using screws 121 and 122.

Right and left upper jaw keepers 123 and 124 prevent the upper jaws 6 from dropping down on the inside, because spring pins 126 and 127 are located on the outside and when depressed snap into the holes 128 and 129 of the right side upper jaw holder 102. The same procedure is followed with the left upper jaw keeper 124.

The jaw inserts 8 on the right and left sides of the STR unit 1 and in front of the upper jaws 6 are held in place by inserting threaded bolts 130 and 131 into each insert 8 and through the right and left keepers 123 and 124 and screwing into the upper jaw holders 102 and 103. The spring pins 132 and 133 are included in the lower jaw 7 which when depressed snap into the two holes 15 in the lower jaw holder 16.

The transmitting and receiving antenna 81 for the on-board transmitter and receiver 64 shown in FIG. 9 is mounted on the housing 2. The antenna 81 is displayed in FIGS. 1 and 2 and is installed on the top left side in FIG. 1. The solar sensor assembly 134 is located at the top of this housing and on its vertical centerline (FIG. 1). The small hole 140 located directly to the right of the conductor 1 allows access and adjustment of the electric power line sag sensor 140 (FIG. 1).

Referring to FIGS. 16 and 17, an optical rain sensor assembly 138 emits beams 328 of infrared light from an emitter diode 329, which is powered by the power supply module 60 of FIG. 9, through glass 330 at an angle of 45 degrees. The beams 328 are totally reflected by the outside surface of the glass 330 without water or ice on the outside surface of the glass 330 and return to a receiver diode 331 as shown in FIG. 16. A signal from the receiver diode 331 is amplified by an amplifier 332 and sent to the sensor electronics module 63 of FIG. 9.

When rain drops 333 or ice, as shown in FIG. 17, appear on the outside surface of the glass 330 some of the beams 328 emitted from the emitter diode 329 become scattered beams 334 thus reducing the intensity of the beams 328 reflected by the glass 330. The receiver diode 331 measures a reduction in intensity of beams when rain drops and ice 333 appear on the surface of the glass 330 and cause scattered beams 334.

Since the intensity of the ambient sun light can be as high as 100 watts per square foot and the emitter diode 329 only produces a few thousandths of a watt, the receiver diode 331 must distinguish between the light from the emitter diode 329 and the light from the sun. The energy from the sun is broad band and includes infrared, therefore two alternative solutions to this problem may be either to pulse the beams 328 from the emitter diode 329 or to use two channels of emitter diodes 329 and receiver diodes 331 to suppress the effect of external light.

An amount of rain drops 333 on the surface of the glass 330 is measured in milliliters and the receiver diode 331 is able to detect as little as 0.005 milliliters of water. In one example, the emitter diode 329 is an OSRAM SFH 4281 infrared 880 nm and the receiver diode 331 is an OSRAM BP 104 FAS.

The infrared optical rain sensor 337 of FIG. 17 installed in the STR unit 1 measures the rate of rainfall in milliliters per unit time. Measuring the rate rather than volume is more meaningful for determining the real time current carrying capacity of the conductor C and the formation of ice on the conductor C, because the convected heat from the conductor C due to the current flowing therein can increase more than 20 to 30 percent during average rainfall conditions. Also, rate of rainfall, ambient air temperature, wind velocity and conductor temperature are very important parameters to determine when ice will form on line conductors, and the rate of ice buildup.

Referring to FIGS. 17 and 17a, an electrostatic shield is provided by coating the inside of the glass 330 with a transparent electrically conductive substrate 297 such as indium-tin oxide. The transparent electrically conductive substrate is bonded at point 335 to an electrically conductive ground strap 336 which in turn is connected to a case ground 162 and the combination of the lower housing 3 and upper housing 2. The combination of the substrate 297 and the electrically conductive ground strap 336 connected to the upper and lower housings 2 and 3, which completely surround the infrared optical rain sensor 337, are at the same voltage as the conductor C. Therefore, the arrangement provides the electrostatic shield which prevents any of the components of the infrared optical rain sensor 337 from creating corona discharges when the STR unit 1 is installed on the conductor C.

The electromagnetic shielding is provided by enclosing the infrared optical rain sensor 337 within a ferrous electromagnetic shielding box 338. The ferrous electromagnetic shielding box 338 includes small aperture holes 339 which allow beams 328 from the emitter diode 329 to pass uninterrupted to the glass 330 and be reflected back to the receiver diode 331.

FIGS. 1 and 18 illustrate the optical rain sensor assembly 138 mounted in an opening in the lower housing 3 on the right side of the STR unit 1.

The infrared optical rain sensor 337 is electrostatically shielded by the upper and lower housings 2 and 3, an electrically conductive bezel 340, and the glass 330, which includes the transparent electrically conducting substrate 297 coated on the back side (inside) of the glass 330. The transparent electrically conducting substrate 297 includes the electrically conductive ground strap 336 shown in FIGS. 17 and 19 which is bonded to the transparent electrically conducting substrate 297 with an electrically conductive cement 335 shown in FIG. 17a. The electrically conductive ground strap 336 is connected to the case ground 162.

The electrostatic shielding completely surrounds the infrared optical rain sensor 337 and the electrical components contained therein thus preventing corona discharges from forming when the STR unit 1 is mounted on the conductor C.

The electrically conductive bezel 340 is used to mount both the glass 330 and the infrared optical rain sensor 337. The bezel 340 is located within a large hole 346 provided in the lower housing 3 of FIG. 18. As shown in the cross section along line P-P of FIG. 20, two radii comprise the cross-sectional shape of the bezel 340. The large inside diameter of the bezel 340 prevents the edges of the substrate 297 from producing corona discharges. For high voltage applications, a large radius 341 should be approximately equal to or larger than a radius of the largest size conductor C upon which the STR unit 1 is to be mounted upon. A small radius 342 must be designed to intersect the surface of the glass 330 at 90 degrees on the inside diameter of the bezel 340 and become flush with the surface of the large radius 341.

The ferrous electromagnetic shielding box 338 encloses the back side of the infrared optical rain sensor 337 and contains a cover with two identified apertures 339. The apertures 339 allow the emitted beams 328 and the received signal beams 328 to pass through and be reflected back to the receiver diode 331. The signal leads 344 and 345 return to the sensor electronics module 63 and the power supply leads 347 and 348 emanate from the power supply module 60.

The STR unit 1 measures rainfall on the conductor C by signal conditioning values of a rate of rainfall measured by the infrared optical rain sensor 337 with the sensor electronics module 63. The signal conditioned measured voltage values from the rain sensor 337 are directly proportional to the rate of rain fall. The signal conditioned measured values are sent to a remote location with the transmitter-receiver unit 64 via the antenna 81 on a real time basis. The measured values of the rate of rainfall are used to determine a current carrying capacity of the conductor C. An amount of current traveling through the conductor C is determined to prevent ice from forming on the power line conductor. Additionally, the STR unit 1 determines if ice will form on the power line conductor C based on conductor temperature, wind velocity, and an ambient temperature.

The preceding description is exemplary rather than limiting in nature. Variations and modifications to the disclosed examples may become apparent to those skilled in the art that do not necessarily depart from the essence of this disclosure. The scope of legal protection given to this disclosure can only be determined by studying the following claims.

Claims

1. A device for attaching to an electric power line conductor comprising:

an electrically conductive housing including an opening for accepting the power line conductor and configured to be grounded to the power line conductor;

at least one magnetic core configured to surround the power line conductor and power a power supply electronics module; and

an infrared optical rain sensor measuring device located within the housing.

2. The device of claim 1 wherein the infrared optical rain sensor measuring device is mounted on a vertical wall of the housing.

3. The device of claim 1 wherein the infrared optical rain sensor measuring device includes an infrared optical rain sensor located behind a transparent lens.

4. The device of claim 3 wherein the transparent lens is undercoated with a transparent electrically conductive substrate.

5. The device of claim 4 wherein the lens is mounted to an electrically conductive bezel, the electrically conductive bezel is attached to the housing and forms a Faraday cage completely surrounding the infrared optical rain sensor for preventing corona discharges when the device is exposed to the electric power line conductor.

6. The device of claim 4 wherein the transparent electrically conductive substrate is indium-tin oxide.

7. The device of claim 3 wherein the transparent lens includes an electrically conductive transparent undercoat that is electrically grounded to an electrically conductive corona free bezel mounted to the housing to completely surround the infrared optical rain sensor.

8. The device of claim 3 wherein the infrared optical rain sensor is enclosed inside a ferrous electromagnetic shielding enclosure, the enclosure includes two apertures configured to allow infrared beams to travel from a sensor emitter through a first aperture and to the outside of the transparent lens and then the infrared beams or a portion thereof are reflected back and pass through a second aperture to a receiver diode.

9. The device of claim 3 wherein the infrared optical rain sensor is configured to produce a voltage output proportional to a rate of rainfall falling upon an exterior portion of the transparent lens.

10. A method of measuring rainfall on a power line conductor comprising:

signal conditioning measured values of a rate of rainfall;

sending the signal conditioned measured values to a remote location with a transmitter-receiver unit located within a housing;

powering a sensor electronics module and the transmitter-receiver unit from current flowing in the power line conductor; and

processing the measured values to determine a current carrying capacity of the power line conductor.

11. The method of claim 10 wherein the signal conditioned measured values are transmitted by the transmitter-receiver unit to a remote location receiver.

12. The method of claim 11 wherein the measured values are transmitted by the said transmitter-receiver unit to the remote location receiver on a real time basis.

13. The method of claim 10 including:

determining if ice will form on the power line conductor based on conductor temperature, wind velocity, and ambient temperature.