Exercise Machine With Controlled Motion and User Force Matching Resistance
An exercise machine with controlled motion and user force matching resistance. The machine includes a frame to which is rigidly mounted a motor driven reciprocating drive. A user engageable arm is pivotally mounted to the frame. The reciprocating drive is connected to the arm by a rigid connecting rod. The reciprocating drive drives the arm through a predetermined stroke following a pre-determined velocity profile. The user performs the exercise by applying force to the arm. The arm applies a generally equal counterforce to the force applied by the user. The pre-determined motion of the arm is generally independent of the force applied by the user. The stroke of the arm has a fixed fully contracted position and a user adjustable fully extended position. Adjustments to the fully extended position are made by changing the location of the joint between the connecting rod and the arm. Motion of the arm starts upon application of force applied by the user, and stops when the user force is removed.
Controlled movement exercise with user force matching resistance is recognized as a highly effective form of exercise since it allows the user to exert the maximum force he or she is capable of at each position throughout the full range of the exercise motion. It is also considered as among the safest forms of resistance exercise and is employed in machines used for physical therapy.
Despite these advantages, machines using controlled movement with user force matching resistance are rarely seen outside rehabilitation clinics due to their high cost, complexity and difficulty of adjustment and operation. Much of the complexity and cost comes from the motion and resistance controlling features themselves, as they include specialized electro-mechanical actuators, complex feedback features and often computer control in order to provide controlled movement resistance. Many make use of stepper or servo motors which in addition to being more expensive than a standard 120 volt single phase electric motor, have the additional expense of requiring a specialized power supply called an amplifier or driver.
Most of the prior art machines use some form of geared drive between the motor and the output arm. However, there have been some attempts made at producing a machine using a linkage between the motor and the output arm, but all have had shortcomings. U.S. Pat. No. 4,635,933 to Schnell (1987) shows one such attempt using a crank mechanism driven by an electric motor. However, the design specifies that the electric motor be a reversible variable speed/variable torque type motor, which will require a control circuit to control the motor thereby adding to the expense of the machine. The means of adjusting the output stroke shown, simply changing the length of the crank or rocker arms, will simultaneously change the starting and ending points of the exercise stroke, likely causing the user to have to change position. The starting and stopping of the machine is in control of the user and is performed by an action of a body part, such as a hand or foot, which is not being exercised.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,884,801 to Schnell (1989) shows another device using a flexible transmission member attached to a motor-driven crank to a user-actuated member. However, this device requires that the user activate the motor by the separate act of activating a switch either by hand or foot. There is also no provision to have the motor-driven crank stop or start in any particular position to allow for ease of adjustment or having a definite starting point to begin the exercise. Also, removal of the user force does not stop the motor. Furthermore, the stroke adjustment means shown will simultaneously change the starting and ending points of the exercise stroke, likely causing the user to have to change position.
AdvantagesAccordingly several advantages of one or more aspects are as follows: to provide an exercise device with controlled motion and user force matching resistance in which the motion and resistance features are driven by a standard 120 volt single phase electric motor, which supplies resistance in response to force generated by the user regardless of magnitude or fluctuation, which starts automatically on application of user force and stops automatically on removal of user force, which allows the user to perform both concentric and eccentric contractions, which does not require feedback or computer controls to provide resistance and maintain velocity, in which forced concentric contractions and eccentric contractions may be safely performed without a spotter, in which eccentric contractions only training is possible without a spotter, and which is simple for the user to adjust and operate. Other advantages of one or more aspects will be apparent from a consideration of the drawings and ensuing description.
A first embodiment of the exercise machine, designated broadly as 10, is illustrated in
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Once arm subassembly 16 is in the fully contracted position, seat subassembly 14 adjustment can be achieved. User 212 adjusts the vertical position of seat subassembly 14 to a comfortable position to grasp upper horizontal portions of tube 90. This will put user 212's shoulder joint generally even with the upper horizontal sections of tube 90. This adjustment is accomplished by removing pin 74 from bracket 60, moving seat bottom 70 and attached bar 64 up or down as required, and replacing pin 74 back through hole 62 in bracket 60 and hole 66 in bar 64 closest to the desired position. User 212 then adjusts the front to back position of seat subassembly 14 to a comfortable position to grasp upper horizontal sections of tube 90 as close to user 212's chest as is comfortable. This adjustment is accomplished by removing pin 88 from hole 78, moving seat subassembly 14 to the rear or front as required, and replacing pin 88 through hole 78 in carriage 76 and hole 26 in member 24B closest to the desired position. This type of adjustable seat is well known in the art.
The adjustments of seat subassembly 14 being completed, user 212 next adjusts the fully extended point of the stroke of arm subassembly 16. With control switch 190 in the adjustment mode position user 212 presses and holds adjustment switch 192A. This action supplies low voltage DC power to relay 198, which is activated and provides 120 VAC power to motor 118. At this point drive subassembly 18 resumes its cycle at whatever point it stopped at previously, meaning that it may first cause arm subassembly 16 to move towards the fully contracted position before moving towards the fully extended position. Once arm subassembly 16 moves near its fully extended position, carriage 142 contacts and activates limit switch 152A, opening the circuit, removing power from relay 198, which removes 120 VAC power from motor 118. There will be some rotational inertia of motor 118 that will continue to move drive subassembly 18 and hence arm subassembly 16 slightly further. The activation point of limit switch 152A can be adjusted to account for this additional motion, so that the final stopping point is as close to the fully extended position as possible. Alternately an electromagnetic brake may be added to quickly stop motor 118's rotation.
At this point user 212 adjusts the fully extended position of arm subassembly 16 to a comfortable position. Ideally this position will allow user 212, with his or her back firmly against back rest 52 and applying considerable force against the upper horizontal sections of tube 90, close to full extension of his or her arms without locking the elbows, as depicted in
Once seat subassembly 14 and arm subassembly 16 are adjusted, user 212 could choose to follow the steps outlined above and return arm subassembly 16 to the start position prior to beginning the exercise, or user 212 could begin the exercise from the fully extended position of arm subassembly 16. To begin the exercise, user 212 places control switch 190 into the ON position. With user 212's back against back rest 52, user 212 then grasps the two collinear upper horizontal sections of arm subassembly 16 and pushes them away from the his or her body. Seat subassembly 14 acts as a buttress to counter the user force applied to arm subassembly 16 and keep user 212 in place. The force applied by user 212 creates tensile force in rod 22 which transmits the force to lever 146. The force must be sufficient to overcome the pre-loaded tension in spring 156. This pre-load is selected to provide a means to automatically shut off power to electric motor 118 and hence the motion of arm subassembly 16 once user 212 removes force from arm subassembly 16, and to prevent inadvertent low force contact with arm subassembly 16 from starting the machine at an undesirable time. Once this initial force is overcome, rod subassembly 22 pulls lever 146 against stud 144D. This movement forces stud 148C into limit switch 152C. This completes the circuit supplying low voltage DC to relay 198 which thereby supplies 120 VAC to electric motor 118. This causes drive subassembly 18 to begin cycling through its motion, driving the stroke of arm subassembly 16. Arm subassembly 16 will continue to cycle between the positions of
A second embodiment of the exercise machine, designated broadly as 214, is illustrated in
A third embodiment of the exercise machine, designated broadly as 216, is illustrated in
Additional embodiments of some subassemblies of the machine can provide additional capabilities. For example, in
Similarly in machine 10 embodiment shown in
Additionally, mechanism 124 may be configured as shown in
Accordingly, the reader will see that the exercise machines of the various embodiments will provide exercise for the user that has both controlled motion that does not vary significantly regardless of the force applied by the user, and supplies a resistance as a consequence of the natural reactive force that matches the force applied by the user, regardless of magnitude or fluctuation. Furthermore, the exercise machine has the additional advantages in that:
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- it is powered by a standard 120 volt single phase electric motor;
- it starts automatically on application of user force and stops automatically on removal of user force;
- it allows the user to perform both concentric and eccentric contractions;
- it does not require feedback or computer controls to provide resistance and maintain velocity;
- it allows forced concentric contractions and eccentric contractions may be safely performed without a spotter;
- it allows eccentric contraction only training without a spotter;
- it is simple for the user to adjust and operate.
While the above description contains many specificities, these should not be construed as limitations on the scope of the embodiments but as merely providing illustration of some of several embodiments. For example frame 12 may include additional members, certain components may be formed from multiple pieces, motor 118 may be directly connected to speed reducer 120, or motor 118 may be integrated with speed reducer 120 forming a gearmotor. Thus the scope of the embodiments the should be determined by the appended claims and their legal equivalents, rather than by the examples given.
Claims
1. An exercise machine, comprising in combination:
- a frame;
- an arm pivotally connected to said frame, configured to engage an exercising user;
- a reciprocating drive means for driving said arm, said reciprocating drive means being fixedly mounted to said frame;
- a rigid connecting means for connecting said arm and said reciprocating drive means so that movement of said reciprocating drive means causes said arm to move in response thereto, said arm being constrained thereby to move along a stroke path between a fully contracted position closest to said user, and a fully extended position furthest from said user, said fully contracted position being fixed and said fully extended position being adjustable; and
- adjustment means for adjusting said fully extended position of said arm without changing said fully contracted position.
2. The exercise machine defined in claim 1, wherein said user achieves exercise by applying force against said arm during movement of said arm along said stroke path.
3. The exercise machine defined in claim 1, wherein said reciprocating drive means includes an electric motor operatively connected to a mechanical speed reducer which is operatively connected to a reciprocating mechanism, said reciprocating mechanism providing the output of said reciprocating drive means.
4. The exercise machine defined in claim 3, wherein the output power of said electric motor is predetermined such that a generally constant rotational speed is maintained, generally irrespective of the force applied to said arm by said user.
5. The exercise machine defined in claim 3 wherein said reciprocating mechanism includes a mechanism selected from the group consisting of a scotch yoke mechanism, a cam and cam follower, a face cam and cam follower, and a six bar linkage.
6. The exercise machine defined in claim 1, wherein said reciprocating drive means provides a predetermined generally equal duration of the extension and contraction strokes of said arm.
7. The exercise machine defined in claim 1, wherein said reciprocating drive means provides a predetermined unequal duration of the extension and contraction strokes of said arm.
8. The exercise machine defined in claim 1, wherein said reciprocating drive means is activated upon said user applying a predetermined force against said arm.
9. The exercise machine defined in claim 1, wherein said reciprocating drive means is deactivated upon said user removing applied force against said arm.
10. The exercise machine defined in claim 1, further including a bracing means for holding said user in a selected position relative to said arm and counteracting force exerted by said user upon said arm, said bracing means being slidably mounted to said frame, the position of said bracing means being adjustable in relation to said arm and fixable once desired position is reached.
11. The exercise machine defined in claim 1, wherein a positioning means allows the user to activate said reciprocating drive means to move said arm to either said fully extended position and have it stop there or to said fully contracted position and have it stop there.
12. The exercise machine defined in claim 1, wherein said adjustment means is comprised of a first attachment point of said rigid connecting means being pivotally connected to the output of said reciprocating drive means and a second attachment point of said rigid connecting means being slidably and pivotally connected to an element of said arm, said element having multiple attachment points laid out in a circular arc such that the radius of said circular arc is equal to the distance between said first attachment point of said rigid connecting means and said second attachment point of said rigid connecting means and the center point of said circular arc coincides with said connection between said first attachment point of said rigid connecting means and said output of said reciprocating drive means when said arm is in said fully contracted position, wherein adjustment is achieved by changing said connection of said second attachment point of said rigid connecting means from the existing said attachment point of said element of said arm to a nonidentical attachment point of said element of said arm selected from said multiple attachment points on said element of said arm.
13. An exercise machine, comprising in combination:
- a frame;
- an arm pivotally connected to said frame, configured to engage an exercising user;
- a reciprocating drive fixedly mounted to said frame, said drive including an electric motor operatively connected to a mechanical speed reducer the output of which is operatively connected a reciprocating mechanism, wherein said reciprocating mechanism provides the output of said reciprocating drive;
- a rigid connecting rod having a first attachment point and a second attachment point separated by a predetermined distance for connecting the output of said reciprocating drive to said arm so that movement of said reciprocating drive causes said arm to move in response thereto, said arm being constrained thereby to move along a stroke path between a fully contracted position closest to said user, and a fully extended position furthest from said user, said fully contracted position being fixed and said fully extended position being adjustable;
- a adjustment feature for adjusting said fully extended position of said arm without changing said fully contracted position, said adjustment feature comprising said first attachment point of said rigid connecting rod being pivotally connected to said output of said reciprocating drive and said second attachment point of said rigid connecting rod being slidably and pivotally connected to an element of said arm, said element having multiple attachment points laid out in a circular arc such that the radius of said circular arc equal to the distance between said first attachment point of said rigid connecting rod and said second attachment point of said rigid connecting rod and the center point of said circular arc coincides with said connection between said first attachment point of said rigid connecting rod and said output of said reciprocating drive when said arm is in said fully contracted position, wherein adjustment is achieved by changing said connection of said second attachment point of said rigid connecting rod from the existing said attachment point of said element of said arm to a nonidentical attachment point of said element of said arm selected from said multiple attachment points on said element of said arm; and
- a seat slidably mounted to said frame for receiving said user and countering force applied to said arm by said user, said seat including a seat bottom for said user to sit upon and a backrest for supporting the back of said user, the position of said seat being adjustable in a generally horizontal plane in a direction generally perpendicular to the pivotal axis of said arm and said seat bottom being adjustable in a generally vertical plane, said position of said seat being fixable once desired position is reached.
14. The device defined in claim 13, wherein the output power of said electric motor is predetermined such that a generally constant rotational speed is maintained, generally irrespective of the force applied to said arm by said user.
15. The device defined in claim 13 wherein said reciprocating mechanism includes a mechanism selected from the group consisting of a scotch yoke mechanism, a cam and cam follower, a face cam and cam follower, and a six bar linkage.
16. The device defined in claim 13, wherein said reciprocating drive provides a predetermined generally equal duration of the extension and contraction strokes of said arm.
17. The exercise machine defined in claim 13, wherein said reciprocating drive provides a predetermined unequal duration of the extension and contraction strokes of said arm.
18. An exercise machine, comprising in combination:
- a frame;
- an arm pivotally connected to said frame, configured to engage an exercising user;
- a reciprocating drive means for driving said arm, said reciprocating drive means being fixedly mounted to said frame;
- a rigid connecting means for connecting said arm and said reciprocating drive means by having a first attachment point connected to the output of said reciprocating drive and a second attachment point connected to an element of said arm, so that movement of said reciprocating drive means causes said arm to move in response thereto, said arm being constrained thereby to move along a stroke path between a fully contracted position closest to said user, and a fully extended position furthest from said user, said fully contracted position being fixed and said fully extended position being adjustable;
- adjustment means for adjusting said fully extended position of said arm without changing said fully contracted position, said adjustment means comprising said first attachment point of said rigid connecting means being pivotally connected to said output of said reciprocating drive means and said second attachment point of said rigid connecting means being slidably and pivotally connected to an element of said arm, said element having multiple attachment points laid out in a circular arc such that the radius of said circular arc is equal to said distance between said first attachment point of said rigid connecting means and said second attachment point of said rigid connecting means, and the center point of said circular arc coincides with said connection of said first attachment point of said rigid connecting means to said output of said reciprocating drive means when said arm is in said fully contracted position, wherein adjustment is achieved by changing existing said connecting of said second attachment point of said rigid connecting means from the existing said attachment point of said element of said arm to a nonidentical attachment point of said element of said arm selected from said multiple attachment points on said element of said arm; and
- a user support means for receiving said user and countering force applied to said arm by said user, said user support means being slidably mounted to said frame, the position of said user support means being adjustable in relation to said arm and fixable once desired position is reached.
19. The device defined in claim 18, wherein said reciprocating drive means provides a predetermined generally equal duration of the extension and contraction strokes of said arm.
20. The exercise machine defined in claim 18, wherein said reciprocating drive means provides a predetermined unequal duration of the extension and contraction strokes of said arm.
Type: Application
Filed: Sep 8, 2013
Publication Date: Mar 12, 2015
Inventor: John Frederick Kunstmann (King George, VA)
Application Number: 14/020,895
International Classification: A63B 24/00 (20060101);