ACTUATION MECHANISM FOR WATER HAMMER VALVE
The present invention discloses an actuation mechanism for a water hammer valve. The water hammer valve is initially prevented from operating, and an actuation mechanism for the water hammer valve is actuated by dropping one or more balls or other objects onto the valve. Once actuated, the pilot and piston mechanism in the water hammer valve operate to produce hydraulic pulses from an upstream pressurized fluid.
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The present application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/890,684, filed on Oct. 14, 2013, which is herein incorporated by reference in its entirety.
BACKGROUND1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to an actuation mechanism for a downhole water hammer valve.
2. Description of the Related Art
Fluid is commonly pumped through a workstring of tubing (such as coiled tubing, or jointed tubing) inserted into a well to drill or to provide intervention services such as stimulation or milling of obstructions. U.S. Pat. No. 6,237,701 and U.S. Pat. No. 7,139,219 disclose hydraulic impulse generators incorporating self-piloted poppet valves designed to periodically stop the flow of fluid at the bottom end of the tubing. U.S. Pat. No. 8,528,649 (“the '649 Patent”) describes a percussive water hammer that generates axial loads on a workstring and pressure pulsations in the annulus between the workstring and the borehole or completion tubing. Each of these patents is incorporated herein by reference.
The percussive loads generated by the water hammer increase the lateral range of a workstring and improve the effectiveness of milling and drilling tools located at the end of a long workstring, particularly in extended reach horizontal wells. These pulses can also be used to generate a signal that can be used for seismic processing. The annulus pressure pulsations help to remove debris from the wellbore.
Workstrings often incorporate a jar that is actuated when the tubing becomes stuck. These tools incorporate a latch that releases when a tension or compression load is applied at some level that is higher than the normal levels required for operations. In the case of an up jar, a pull load releases a latch that allows the tool to extend freely over a fixed travel until it hits a hard stop. There are up jars and down jars and bidirectional jars. These tools were developed primarily for vertical drilling operations and are designed to be deployed near the neutral point where the drill collars transition from tension to compression during drilling operations. Locating and actuating jars is much more difficult in an extended reach horizontal well. The pull force must be transmitted to the tool through a curve where the borehole transitions from vertical to horizontal and through a long section of borehole that may have additional twists and turns. In the case of coiled tubing, the pull forces required to actuate the jar commonly exceed the design limits for the tubing and the fatigue life of the coil is reduced.
The water hammer valve can also be used to free downhole equipment including stuck workstring, downhole valves or obstructions in a borehole. As disclosed in the '649 Patent, the amplitude of the percussive load is limited by bypassing a portion of the flow through the valve in order to limit wear and tear on other downhole components such as motors, releases and measurement while drilling tools. If a tool becomes stuck the flow rate can be increased to increase the percussive force, and this commonly works to free the workstring.
The tool described in the '649 Patent, however, operates continuously and may be subject to wear on extreme reach well interventions or while operating on poor quality fluid laden with abrasive particles or abrasive weighted drilling mud. There would be a significant advantage if one were able to prevent a water-hammer valve, such as that described in the '649 Patent, from operating while running into the heel of a horizontal well, and actuating the valve only when it becomes difficult to feed the tubing into the well.
Directional drilling (DD) requires the use of measurement while drilling (MWD) tools that may be sensitive to downhole vibration. The water hammer valve pulsations may also interfere with the mud pulse data telemetry employed by DD systems. For this reason as well, it would be a substantial advantage if one were able to actuate the valve only when drilling progress slows or if the workstring (drillstring) becomes stuck.
A water hammer valve can also generate a seismic signal that can be used for seismic-while-drilling applications. This application requires operation on heavy mud that can cause increased wear of the tool. The seismic signal is only needed as the drill approaches a formation that requires a casing change. An actuation mechanism would allow the water-hammer valve to be turned on when needed for seismic work.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTIONThe present invention discloses an actuation mechanism for a water hammer valve. The water hammer valve is initially prevented from operating and an actuation mechanism for the water hammer valve is actuated by inserting one or more balls or other objects into pressurized fluid flow. The ball or balls once seated onto the valve actuate it, and the poppet assembly, containing a pilot and piston mechanism, in the water hammer valve operates to produce hydraulic pulses from and within an upstream pressurized fluid.
Various aspects and attendant advantages of an exemplary embodiment will become better understood by reference to the following detailed description, when taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings:
It is to be understood that the invention is not limited in its application to the details of construction and the arrangement of components set forth in the following description or illustrated in the drawings. While a preferred embodiment of the invention is described herein, the invention is capable of other embodiments and of being practiced or of being carried out in various ways. Also, it is to be understood that the phraseology and terminology used herein is for the purpose of description and should not be regarded as limiting. The use of “including,” “comprising,” or “having” and variations thereof herein is meant to encompass the items listed thereafter and equivalents thereof as well as additional items. Unless limited otherwise, the terms “connected,” “coupled,” and “mounted,” and variations thereof herein are used broadly and encompass direct and indirect connections, couplings, and mountings. In addition, the terms “connected” and “coupled” and variations thereof are not restricted to physical or mechanical connections or couplings.
The operation and configuration of the poppet valve and pilot shift mechanism are described in U.S. Pat. No. 8,528,649.
As shown in
With reference to both
As seen in
It is common for well service fluids to contain particulate contamination such as sand, fragments of iron oxide, and other intentionally added particles. An annular cavity B is formed between the upper portion of upper manifold 18 and pin holder 4 and ball catcher 3. Passages j are provided to allow debris to pass through cavity B and prevent it from accumulating during operation.
At this point, if force due to pressure differential acting on the upper end of the ball catcher and balls and acting against the inertia of all the slidable components of the tool exceeds the shear strength of shear pin 45, then shear pin 45 will shear and allow the components of lock assembly 2 to slide to their final positions and allow the pulse valve to actuate. If this force is lower than the shear strength of shear pin 45, the lock assembly and poppet assembly will move together to the location shown in
With the pulse valve open, pressurized fluid flows through passages h, D, E, flow restriction G, and outlet passage H. The piston 33 reaches its upper position when a radially extending step on the piston 33 reaches the lower surface of the upper stop ring 20. In this configuration the flow passages are reconfigured. Pressure differential then acts on annular area between D1 and D2 (shown in
Once the actuation mechanism as described above has been actuated, the poppet assembly 12 is used to create a water hammer effect.
In another embodiment of the actuation mechanism, shear pins 44 are omitted and pressure forces are employed to restrain the movement of lock assembly 2. Seal friction force due to slidable seal 42 engaging pin holder 4 aids in restraining the lock assembly against inertial forces (accelerations and vibrations) experienced during handling and during normal downhole operations such as milling. As in the embodiment described above, shear pin 45 restrains stop rod 5 from moving axially within pin holder 4. This embodiment is similarly actuated by the dropping of one or more balls 41 into ball seat 3, as shown in
The pressure forces that restrain lock assembly 2 can be described as follows. Minor diameter D5 forms a piston area A1 within slidable seal 42. Diameter D5, shown in
Other release mechanisms may be employed. For example, as an alternative to using shear pins, or in combination with shear pins, a spring-dog detent mechanism may be used.
In yet another embodiment of the actuation mechanism, shown in
It should be noted that the latch mechanism comprising tee pin 52, strong spring 54, high deflection spring 51, and detent R may be one or more, preferably four, instances of said items, as can be seen in
As with previously described embodiments, the stop rod 5 and bumper 8, while held in the locked position by the tee pins 52, restricts the axial movement of pilot 36 to its lower position and prevents water hammer valve from operating. When balls 41 are pumped to the tool, and the pressure force acting on the ball catcher exceeds the latch release force, the slidable components of the tool will begin move axially. Those skilled in the art of common mechanisms such as latches will readily understand that
Other configurations of a ball seat, piston, release mechanism and trap mechanism may be possible, and the configurations shown herein are not meant to be limiting. Although the concepts disclosed herein have been described in connection with the preferred form of practicing them and modifications thereto, those of ordinary skill in the art will understand that many other modifications can be made thereto. Accordingly, it is not intended that the scope of these concepts in any way be limited by the above description.
Claims
1. A flow-actuated valve comprising:
- a housing with an inlet and an outlet, wherein the flow-actuated valve is configured to periodically actuate and at least partially interrupt fluid flow through the housing; and
- a releasable lock configured to initially prevent actuation of the flow-actuated valve, wherein the releasable lock is released by increasing the differential pressure through flow passages in the releasable lock.
2. The flow-actuated valve of claim 1, wherein the releasable lock is released by increasing the differential pressure through flow passages in the releasable lock until the differential pressure exceeds a threshold.
3. The flow-actuated valve of claim 1, wherein the flow passages in the releasable lock include one or more flow restrictions wherein the differential pressure is increased by increasing a fluid flow rate though the flow passages.
4. The flow-actuated valve of claim 1, wherein the releasable lock comprises one or more shear pins that initially prevent actuation of the flow-actuated valve.
5. The flow-actuated valve of claim 1, wherein the releasable lock comprises a spring-loaded detent that initially prevents actuation of the flow-actuated valve.
6. The flow-actuated valve of claim 1, wherein the releasable lock comprises a friction detent that initially prevents actuation of the flow-actuated valve.
7. A flow-actuated valve comprising:
- a housing with an inlet and an outlet, wherein the flow-actuated valve is configured to periodically actuate and at least partially interrupt fluid flow through the housing; and
- a releasable lock configured to initially prevent actuation of the flow-actuated valve,
- wherein the releasable lock is released by increasing the differential pressure through flow passages in the releasable lock, wherein increasing the differential pressure causes the releasable lock to move from a first position to a second position.
8. The flow-actuated valve of claim 7, wherein the flow passages of the releasable lock are open when the releasable lock is in the first position, wherein the flow passages are at least partially closed when the releasable lock is shifting from first position to second position, wherein the flow passages are open when the releasable lock is in the second position.
9. The flow-actuated valve of claim 7, wherein the differential pressure is increased by seating one or more obstruction objects in the flow passages.
10. The flow-actuated valve of claim 9, wherein the one or more obstruction objects are one or more balls.
11. The flow-actuated valve of claim 9, wherein the one or more obstruction objects are one or more darts.
12. The flow-actuated valve of claim 7, wherein the releasable lock is released by increasing the differential pressure through flow passages in the releasable lock until the differential pressure exceeds a threshold.
13. The flow-actuated valve of claim 7, wherein the flow passages in the releasable lock include one or more flow restrictions wherein the differential pressure is increased by increasing a fluid flow rate though the flow passages.
14. The flow-actuated valve of claim 7, wherein the releasable lock comprises one or more shear pins that initially prevent actuation of the flow-actuated valve.
15. The flow actuated valve of claim 7, wherein the releasable lock comprises a spring-loaded detent that initially prevents actuation of the flow-actuated valve.
16. The flow-actuated valve of claim 7, further comprising:
- a pilot, the pilot initially being held in a first position by the releasable lock, the pilot able to move axially into a second position when not being held by the releasable lock; and
- a poppet, wherein axial movement of the pilot from the first position to the second position causes the poppet to at least partially close, and axial movement of the pilot back into the first position causes the poppet to open,
- wherein the pilot is released from the first position after the releasable lock is released.
17. The flow-actuated valve of claim 16, wherein axial movement of the poppet into the at least partially closed position causes the pilot to move into the first position.
18. A method of operating a flow-actuated valve, comprising:
- restricting actuation of a valve using a releasable lock, the releasable lock comprising flow passages to permit fluid flow;
- increasing the differential pressure through the flow passages in the releasable lock;
- releasing the releasable lock, wherein the releasable lock is released when the differential pressure through the flow passages in the releasable lock is increased above a threshold pressure; and
- actuating the valve periodically when the releasable lock has released.
19. The method of claim 18, wherein the releasable lock comprises one or more shear pins that initially restrict actuation of the valve.
20. The method of claim 18, wherein the releasable lock comprises a spring-loaded detent that initially restricts actuation of the valve.
21. The method of claim 18, wherein the releasable lock comprises a friction detent that initially restricts actuation of the valve.
22. The method of claim 18, wherein the differential pressure through the flow passages is increased by receiving one or more released obstruction objects into a seat in the flow passages.
23. The method of claim 22, wherein the obstruction objects are balls.
24. The method of claim 22, wherein the obstruction object are darts.
Type: Application
Filed: Oct 13, 2014
Publication Date: Apr 16, 2015
Applicant: TEMPRESS TECHNOLOGIES, INC. (RENTON, WA)
Inventors: JACK J. KOLLE (SEATTLE, WA), ANTHONY THEIMER (AUBURN, WA), SCOTT FLETCHER (SEATTLE, WA)
Application Number: 14/512,949
International Classification: E21B 34/08 (20060101);