Cannabidiol liquid composition for smoking
This application discloses a cannabidiol liquid composition for use in an electronic cigarette smoking device. The cannabidiol liquid composition may be used for pulmonary administration of cannabidiol for more effective absorption. A method of use for the cannabidiol liquid composition is also disclosed.
This application claims the benefit under 35 U.S.C. §119(e) of U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/898,273, filed Oct. 31, 2013.
FIELD OF THE INVENTIONThe present invention relates to a liquid composition comprising of naturally or artificially derived cannabidiol, emulsifiers, and flavoring agents, to be smoked using a smoking device such as an electronic cigarette (e-cigarette). The composition may comprise cannabidiol and flavoring agents only. In particular, the invention provides formulations wherein cannabidiol is effectively delivered in a composition that can be used in an electronic cigarette, and the consumption of the composition by pulmonary route does not give undesirable side effects. Consumption via smoking allows pulmonary, buccal, and mucosa absorption of cannabidiol.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTIONSmoking is a recreational habit popular in many countries. In modern time, smoking may be accomplished through means such as cigarettes, pipes, bongs, bidis, or hookahs, etc. Most types of smoking mechanisms have disadvantages including, but not limited to, tar, second-hand smoke, and exposure to a wide range of toxins including, but not limited to, nitrogen dioxide, acrolein, carbon monoxide, lead, hydrogen cyanide, arsenic, mercury, and other harmful substances.
While nicotine is the primary cause of smoking addiction, many of the harmful effects from smoking are the results of carcinogens found in tobacco, or the plant material from tobacco used for smoking. Nicotine replacement therapies, such as nicotine gum, are widely used, but the ritual of smoking poses another challenge. Smokers prefer the feeling of inhalation and the physical movement of the hands and lips.
During smoking, nicotine is carried in tar droplets, which are inhaled. The droplets, upon contact with the pulmonary membrane, are absorbed. Due to the high contact surface area in the small airways and alveoli of the pulmonary route, absorption of nicotine during smoking is more rapid. Moreover, it is suggested that nicotine is unionized in a higher alkaline environment, which facilitates rapid absorption. Cigarette smoke is measured in the range of pH 6.0 to 8.0.
Absorption through the buccal membrane is not widely seen, unless the smoke is at a higher pH value. An alkaline environment means nicotine is unionized, which means higher absorption. Nicotine levels peak right after smoking, mainly due to the available contact surface in the lung. While nicotine and tar intake is to smokers' ultimate detriment, pulmonary delivery of desirable substances may be more effective than other methods of delivery.
Delivery of a desirable substance via the pulmonary route may have an advantage of rapid absorption. While nicotine absorption via pulmonary route is detrimental to smokers, the same characteristic is desirable when a desirable substance is delivered via the pulmonary route. Consequently, smoking of marijuana plant materials is recommended for some patients. A prescription to purchase medical marijuana to smoke is required in states where such materials can be legally purchased.
The recent introduction of the electronic cigarette addresses some of these legal and physical problems. An electronic cigarette allows the user to choose a substance to be smoked, gives the user a similar physical and ritualistic experience of smoking a cigarette, while eliminating many disadvantages of smoking. An electronic cigarette has no tar, no second hand smoke, and no harmful compounds commonly found in tobacco based cigarettes.
Electronic cigarettes utilize a liquid composition that vaporizes with heat application. Electronic cigarette liquid may contain nicotine to deliver the desired nicotine and prevent nicotine withdrawal symptoms. At the same time, the liquid does not contain harmful substances commonly found in tobacco. The electronic cigarette therefore provides an alternative way to smoke and obtain nicotine, but at the same time avoid the harmful effects of inhaling tobacco smoke.
The cannabis plant has many naturally occurring substances that are of great interest in science and medicine. Isolated compounds from the cannabis plant include Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), cannabidiol (CBD), cannabichromene (CBC), cannabigerol (CBG), cannabidivarin (CBDV), among other compounds. While THC has psychoactive effects, CBD, CBC, CBG, and CBDV do not. Isolated compounds from the cannabis plant are called cannabinoids. There are a total of eighty-five (85) cannabinoids isolated from the cannabis plant. Many researches confirmed the medicinal value of cannabinoids. Cannabinoids have been investigated for possible treatment of seizures, nausea, vomiting, lack of appetite, pain, arthritis, inflammation, and other conditions.
The IUPAC nomenclature of THC is (−)-(6aR,10aR)-6,6,9-trimethyl-3-pentyl-6a,7,8,10a-tetrahydro-6H-benzo[c]chromen-1-ol. CBD's IUPAC nomenclature is 2-((1S,6S)-3-methyl-6-(prop-1-en-2-yl)cyclo-hex-2-enyl)-5-pentylbenzene-1,3-diol). CBC has the IUPAC nomenclature of 2-methyl-2-(4-methylpent-3-enyl)-7pentyl-5-chromenol. These are among the most prominent compounds in the family of compounds extracted from the cannabis plant referred to as cannabinoids.
Cannabinoids can be isolated by extraction from cannabis plants. Plants in the cannabis genus include Cannabis sativa, Cannabis ruderalis, and Cannabis indicia. These plants are the natural sources of cannabinoids. Cannabinoids are also available in synthetic forms. Methods to synthesize cannabinoids in lab settings were discovered and are practiced. Synthetic cannabinoids are more targeted, in that the synthetic compound usually comes isolated without other cannabinoids mixed in.
Nabilone (racemic(6aR,10aR)-1-hydroxy-6,6-dimethyl-3-(2-methyloctan-2-yl)-7,8,10,10a-tetrahydro-6H-benzo[c]chromen-9(6aH)-one), a synthetic cannabinoid, is believed to have fewer undesired side effects than THC. Nabilone mimics the chemical compound structure of THC. THC also exists in synthetic form under the name dronabinol ((−)-(6aR,10aR)-6,6,9-trimythel-3-pentyl-6a,7,8,10a-tetrahydro-6H-benzo[c]chromen-1-ol)). These synthetic cannabinoids are sold for food supplement purposes and investigated for medicinal purpose. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration approved nabilone for treatment of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting. In the United States, nabilone is marketed under the name Cesamet®.
In patients suffering from Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS), lack of appetite, nausea, vomiting, and pain are common related symptoms. THC and other cannabinoids are used to treat these conditions. Similarly, symptoms associated with Parkinson's disease, such as tremors, are also treated with cannabinoids. Various conditions may also be treated or alleviated by the absorption of cannabinoids and derivatives thereof. Conditions that may be treated or alleviated include nausea, vomiting, emesis, pain, lethargy, alcohol induced disorders, multiple sclerosis, inflammatory bowel disorders, arthritis, dermatitis, systemic lupus erythematosus, inflammation, convulsions, psychotic episodes, some cancers, peripheral neuropathic pain, diabetic neuropathy, shingles, burns, actimic keratosis, oral cavity sores and ulcers, seborrheic dermatitis, ankylosing spondylitis, Reiter syndrome, psoriatic arthritis, joint pain, chondrocalcinosis, fibromyalgia, musculoskeletal pain, polymyositis, neuropathic-postoperative complications, acute nonspecific tenosynovitis, epicondylitis, bursitis, post-traumatic osteoarthritis, juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, synovitis, pancreatitis, contact dermatitis, bullous dermatitis herpetiformis, eczema, mycosis fungoides, pemphigus, severe erythema multiforme, seborrehic dermatitis, and seizures. Cannabinoids are further shown to have broad antioxidant and neuroprotective properties along with immunomodulatory effects.
Cannabis abuse among chronic users is also seen, especially when raw cannabis plant materials are consumed by smoking. Withdrawal symptoms are observed with discontinuance of cannabis use. Collectively, cannabis abuse is referred to as cannabis use disorder. However, some cannabinoids, such as CBD, may be useful in treating cannabis use disorder.
Delivering cannabinoids through membranes in mammals remains a challenge. This is due to the hydrophobic nature of cannabinoids. Transdermal delivery of cannabinoids faces many challenges, and penetration enhancers are usually required for effective delivery. Pulmonary delivery has many advantages, one of which is the available surface area in the pulmonary airways.
Cannabidiol from hemp is marketed in the United States as a dietary supplement. Various products containing cannabidiol have been marketed in recent years. Cannabidiol may be consumed by digestion or by transdermal delivery. However, a more effective method to deliver cannabidiol for fast absorption by a mammal, preferably a human being, is still sought.
Smoking may be necessary in limited circumstances. When a person needs a certain substance to be delivered into his/her body, but the substance is only available in smoke-able form, that person's options may be limited. An example is the use of medical marijuana. Naturally occurring compounds such as cannabidiol can be found in certain parts of the marijuana plants. A person wishing to consume the compounds found in the marijuana plants due to health reasons and under legal conditions may be limited to smoking the plant materials.
Many people dislike smoking. With the many disadvantages of smoking, it is clear that such dislikes are prevalent and understandable. Some simply dislike smoking due to the stigma associated with the habit. To address this problem, vaporizers are used. While eliminating some of the disadvantages of smoking by a cigarette or pipe, vaporizers are bulky, hard to set up, and inconvenient to use.
There is a need to have a means to deliver cannabidiol via the pulmonary pathway while ensuring the subject's safety and minimizing risks. Given the benefits of substance delivery via the pulmonary pathway, the disadvantages of smoking, and the available technology of the e-cigarette, this present invention offers a method to deliver cannabidiol via the pulmonary route while minimizing the adverse effects of smoking.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTIONThe present invention relates to a mixture composition of cannabidiol with emulsifiers and/or flavor enhancers to form a composition to be smoked in an electronic cigarette. The present invention also relates to methods to make the smoke-able cannabidiol composition. The present invention finally relates to a smoking device containing a smoke-able cannabidiol composition.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTIONThis present invention is capable of being embodied in various forms. The description below of several embodiments is made with the understanding that the present disclosure is to be considered as an exemplification of the claimed subject matter, and is not intended to limit the attached claims to the specific embodiments illustrated. The headings used throughout this disclosure are provided for convenience only and are not to be construed to limit the claims in any way. Embodiments illustrated under any heading may be combined with embodiments illustrated under any other heading.
As used herein, the verb “to comprise” in this description, claims, and other conjugations are used in its non-limiting sense to mean that items following the word are included, but items not specifically mentioned are not excluded.
Reference to an element by the indefinite article “a” or “an” does not exclude the possibility that more than one of the elements are present, unless the context clearly requires that there is one and only one of the elements. The indefinite article “a” or “an” thus usually means “at least one.” Additionally, the words “a” and “an” when used in the present document in concert with the words “comprising” or “containing” denote “one or more.”
The word “cannabinoid” used in this description, claims, and other conjugations is used to mean any compound that interacts with a cannabinoid receptor and other cannabinoid mimetics, including, but not limited to, certain tetrahydropyran analogs (Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol, Δ8-tetrahydrocannabinol, 6,6,9-trimythel-3-pentyl-6H-dibenzo[b,d]pyran-1-ol, 3-(1,1-dimethylheptyl)-6,6a7,8,10,10a-hexahydro-1-1hydroxy-6,6-dimythel-9H-dibezo[b,d]pyran-9-ol,(−)-(3S,4S)-7-hydroxy-delta-6-tetrahydrocannabinol-1,1-dimethylheptyl, (+)-(3S,4S)-7-hydroxy-Δ-6-tetrahydrocannabinol, and Δ8-tetrahydrocannabinol-11-oic acid); certain piperidine analogs (e.g., (−)-(6S,6aR,9R,10aR)-5,6,6a,7,8,9,10,10a-octahydro-6-methyl-1-3-[(R)-1-methyl-4-phenylbutoxy]-1,9-phenanthridinediol 1-acetate)); certain aminoalkylindole analogs (e.g., (R)-(+)-[2,3-dihydro-5-methyl-3-(4-morpholinylm-ethyl)-pyrrolo[1,2,3,-de]-1,4-benzoxazin-6-yl]-1-naphthelenyl-methanone); certain open pyran-ring analogs (e.g., 2-[3-methyl-6-(1-methylethenyl-2-cyclohexen-1-yl]-5-pentyl-1,3-benzendi-ol, and 4-(1,1-dimethylheptyl)-2,3′-dihydroxy-6′-α-(3-hydroxypropyl)-1′,-2′,3′,4′,5′,6′-hexahydrobiphenyl), their salts, solvates, metabolites, and metabolic precursors.
The word “smoke-able” used in this description, claims, and other conjugations is used to mean the capability of a composition to be vaporized at room temperature and atmospheric pressure conditions and inhaled by a mammal, preferably a human being.
The word “cannabidiol” refers to cannabidiol and cannabidiol derivatives. As used in this application, cannabidiol is obtained from industrial hemp extract with trace amount of THC.
This present invention relates to a composition comprising cannabidiol with emulsifiers and/or flavor enhancers. The resulting composition may be vaporized by the heat applied by an electronic cigarette. A mammal, preferably a human, may inhale this vapor, which contains cannabidiol. Upon inhalation, the mammal may absorb the cannabidiol via pulmonary route.
In a preferred embodiment, cannabidiol is naturally derived and provided as a part of hemp oil. Hemp oil is derived by cold-pressing of the seeds and mature stalks of the Cannabis sativa L. plant. Cold-pressed oil is then distilled to increase cannabidiol concentration. Impurities may be any cannabinoids that are not cannabidiol, fatty acids such as linoleic acid and α-linoleic acid, which are natural components of hemp oil, β-caryophyllene, myrcene, and β-sitosterol. In this embodiment, cannabidiol may contain impurities in an amount of less than 90%, less than 85%, less than 80%, less than 75%, less than 70%, less than 65%, less than 55%, less than 50%, less than 45%, less than 40%, or less than 35%.
In another preferred embodiment, cannabidiol may be artificially synthesized and is substantially free from impurities. Synthetic cannabidiol must be combined with at least one emulsifier to form a uniform liquid mixture that may be vaporized.
According to the present invention, the composition is a mixture of cannabidiol with an emulsifier, preferably polyethylene glycol 400 (PEG-400), but may also be propylene glycol or vegetable glycol. PEG-400 is highly hydrophilic. The combination of cannabidiol in hemp oil and PEG-400 gives in a uniform composition. Moreover, this composition does not separate, ensuring even distribution of cannabidiol in the composition.
Vegetable glycol gives more smoke when the composition vaporizes during use, while propylene glycol enhances the taste of the composition during vaporization. The weight percentage of propylene glycol or vegetable glycol in the composition is the same as that recommended for the polyethylene glycol-400 concentration.
In another embodiment, a combination of different emulsifiers may be used. Using a combination of PEG-400 and vegetable glycol gives the composition a smoother feel, produces more smoke with each drag, while guarding against separation when the composition is left unused for extended periods.
Cannabidiol is the main component to be delivered in this composition. In this composition, cannabidiol concentration is present in a total amount by weight of about 0.1% to about 90%, about 0.1% to about 89%, about 0.1% to about 88%, about 0.1% to about 87%, about 0.1% to about 86%, about 0.1% to about 85%, about 0.1% to about 84%, about 0.1% to about 83%, about 0.1% to about 82%, about 0.1% to about 81%, about 0.1% to about 80%, about 0.1% to about 79%, about 0.1% to about 78%, about 0.1% to about 77%, about 0.1% to about 76%, about 0.1% to about 75%, about 0.1% to about 74%, about 0.1% to about 73%, about 0.1% to about 72%, about 0.1% to about 70.1%, about 0.1% to about 70%, about 0.1% to about 69%, about 0.1% to about 68%, about 0.1% to about 67%, about 0.1% to about 66%, about 0.1% to about 65%, about 0.1% to about 64%, about 0.1% to about 63%, about 0.1% to about 62%, about 0.1% to about 60.1%, about 0.1% to about 60%, about 0.1% to about 59%, about 0.1% to about 58%, about 0.1% to about 57%, about 0.1% to about 56%, about 0.1% to about 55%, about 0.1% to about 54%, about 0.1% to about 53%, about 0.1% to about 52%, about 0.1% to about 50.1%, about 0.1% to about 50%, about 0.1% to about 10%, about 0.1% to about 48%, about 0.1% to about 47%, about 0.1% to about 46%, about 0.1% to about 45%, about 0.1% to about 44%, about 0.1% to about 43%, about 0.1% to about 42%, about 0.1% to about 40.1%, about 0.1% to about 40%, about 0.1% to about 39%, about 0.1% to about 38%, about 0.1% to about 37%, about 0.1% to about 36%, about 0.1% to about 35%, about 0.1% to about 34%, about 0.1% to about 33%, about 0.1% to about 32%, about 0.1% to about 30.1%, about 0.1% to about 30%, about 0.1% to about 29%, about 0.1% to about 28%, about 0.1% to about 27%, about 0.1% to about 26%, about 0.1% to about 25%, about 0.1% to about 24%, about 0.1% to about 23%, about 0.1% to about 22%, about 0.1% to about 20.1%, about 0.1% to about 20%, about 0.1% to about 19%, about 0.1% to about 18%, about 0.1% to about 17%, about 0.1% to about 16%, about 0.1% to about 15%, about 0.1% to about 14%, about 0.1% to about 13%, about 0.1% to about 12%, about 0.1% to about 10.1%, about 0.1% to about 10%, about 0.1% to about 9%, about 0.1% to about 8%, about 0.1% to about 7%, about 0.1% to about 6%, about 0.1% to about 5%, about 0.1% to about 4%, about 0.1% to about 3%, about 0.1% to about 2%, about 0.1% to about 1%.
In another preferred embodiment, cannabidiol may be present in an amount of about 1% to about 5% (wt/wt) of the composition.
The emulsifier is present in this composition in a total amount by weight of about 10% to about 99.9%, about 10% to about 99%, about 10% to about 98%, about 10% to about 97%, about 10% to about 96%, about 10% to about 95%, about 10% to about 94%, about 10% to about 93%, about 10% to about 92%, about 10% to about 90.1%, about 10% to about 90%, about 10% to about 89%, about 10% to about 88%, about 10% to about 87%, about 10% to about 86%, about 10% to about 85%, about 10% to about 84%, about 10% to about 83%, about 10% to about 82%, about 10% to about 80.1%, about 10% to about 80%, about 10% to about 79%, about 10% to about 78%, about 10% to about 77%, about 10% to about 76%, about 10% to about 75%, about 10% to about 74%, about 10% to about 73%, about 10% to about 72%, about 10% to about 70.1%, about 10% to about 70%, about 10% to about 69%, about 10% to about 68%, about 10% to about 67%, about 10% to about 66%, about 10% to about 65%, about 10% to about 64%, about 10% to about 63%, about 10% to about 62%, about 10% to about 60.1%, about 10% to about 60%, about 10% to about 59%, about 10% to about 58%, about 10% to about 57%, about 10% to about 56%, about 10% to about 55%, about 10% to about 54%, about 10% to about 53%, about 10% to about 52%, about 10% to about 50.1%, about 10% to about 50%, about 10% to about 49%, about 10% to about 48%, about 10% to about 47%, about 10% to about 46%, about 10% to about 45%, about 10% to about 44%, about 10% to about 43%, about 10% to about 42%, about 10% to about 40.1%, about 10% to about 40%, about 10% to about 39%, about 10% to about 38%, about 10% to about 37%, about 10% to about 36%, about 10% to about 35%, about 10% to about 34%, about 10% to about 33%, about 10% to about 32%, about 10% to about 30.1%, about 10% to about 30%, about 10% to about 29%, about 10% to about 28%, about 10% to about 27%, about 10% to about 26%, about 10% to about 25%, about 10% to about 24%, about 10% to about 23%, about 10% to about 22%, about 10% to about 20.1%, about 10% to about 20%, about 10% to about 19%, about 10% to about 18%, about 10% to about 17%, about 10% to about 16%, about 10% to about 15%, about 10% to about 14%, about 10% to about 13%, about 10% to about 12%, about 10% to about 11%.
When PEG-400 and vegetable glycol are used together, PEG-400 comprises most of the emulsifier mass. Specifically, PEG-400 may be present by weight at between about 40% to about 80%, and vegetable glycol may be present by weight at between about 5% to about 15%. The balance of the composition may be flavor enhancer and cannabidiol.
The composition may further comprise a flavor enhancer to substantially change the flavor of the smoke. The flavor enhancer is present in this composition in a total amount by weight of about 1% to about 80%, about 1% to about 79%, about 1% to about 78%, about 1% to about 77%, about 1% to about 76%, about 1% to about 75%, about 1% to about 74%, about 1% to about 73%, about 1% to about 72%, about 1% to about 70.1%, about 1% to about 70%, about 1% to about 69%, about 1% to about 68%, about 1% to about 67%, about 1% to about 66%, about 1% to about 65%, about 1% to about 64%, about 1% to about 63%, about 1% to about 62%, about 1% to about 61%, about 1% to about 60%, about 1% to about 59%, about 1% to about 58%, about 1% to about 57%, about 1% to about 56%, about 1% to about 55%, about 1% to about 54%, about 1% to about 53%, about 1% to about 52%, about 1% to about 51%, about 1% to about 50%, about 1% to about 10%, about 1% to about 48%, about 1% to about 47%, about 1% to about 46%, about 1% to about 45%, about 1% to about 44%, about 1% to about 43%, about 1% to about 42%, about 1% to about 41%, about 1% to about 40%, about 1% to about 39%, about 1% to about 38%, about 1% to about 37%, about 1% to about 36%, about 1% to about 35%, about 1% to about 34%, about 1% to about 33%, about 1% to about 32%, about 1% to about 31%, about 1% to about 30%, about 1% to about 29%, about 1% to about 28%, about 1% to about 27%, about 1% to about 26%, about 1% to about 25%, about 1% to about 24%, about 1% to about 23%, about 1% to about 22%, about 1% to about 21%, about 1% to about 20%, about 1% to about 19%, about 1% to about 18%, about 1% to about 17%, about 1% to about 16%, about 1% to about 15%, about 1% to about 14%, about 1% to about 13%, about 1% to about 12%, about 1% to about 11%, about 1% to about 10%, about 1% to about 9%, about 1% to about 8%, about 1% to about 7%, about 1% to about 6%, about 1% to about 5%, about 1% to about 4%, about 1% to about 3%, about 1% to about 2%.
In a preferred embodiment, the flavor enhancer is present in the amount by weight of about 20% to about 40% of the composition. In yet another preferred embodiment, the flavor enhancer is present in the amount by weight of about 40% to about 60% of the composition. In another embodiment, different kinds of flavor enhancer may be mixed in, such that the smoke-able composition may have multiple flavors.
In another preferred embodiment, cannabidiol may be mixed with a flavor enhancer and without an emulsifier. Trace amount of water and other impurities may be present. In this embodiment, cannabidiol may be supplied in less pure form, wherein the cannabidiol is in oil form with other cannabinoids and other components of hemp oil, such as linoleic acid, α-linoleic acid, β-caryophyllene, myrcene, and β-sitosterol. THC may be present in trace amounts. Impurities may be present in the amount of less than 90%, less than 85%, less than 80%, less than 75%, less than 70%, less than 65%, less than 60%, less than 55%, less than 50%, less than 45%, less than 40%, less than 35%, less than 30%, less than 35%, less than 20%, less than 15%, less than 10%, less than 5%, or less than 1%.
Cannabidiol and a flavor enhancer may be obtained in a desired quantity. The two components are placed in a container and mixed using a propeller, a magnetic stirrer or a shaking mechanism. Magnetic stirrer is the best mixing method, as it prevents minor bubbles from forming in the mixture and affecting the smoking experience. After mixing, the composition may be used for smoking.
In this embodiment, cannabidiol is present in a total amount by weight of about 70% to about 95%, about 70% to about 94%, about 70% to about 93%, about 70% to about 92%, about 70% to about 91%, about 70% to about 90%, about 70% to about 89%, about 70% to about 88%, about 70% to about 87%, about 70% to about 86%, about 70% to about 85%, about 70% to about 84%, about 70% to about 83%, about 70% to about 82%, about 70% to about 80.1%, about 70% to about 80%, about 70% to about 79%, about 70% to about 78%, about 70% to about 77%, about 70% to about 76%, about 70% to about 75%, about 70% to about 74%, about 70% to about 73%, about 70% to about 72%, about 70% to about 71%.
A flavor enhancer is present in a total amount by weight of about 5% to about 50%, 5% to about 49%, 5% to about 48%, 5% to about 47%, 5% to about 46%, 5% to about 45%, 5% to about 44%, 5% to about 43%, 5% to about 42%, 5% to about 41%, 5% to about 40%, 5% to about 39%, 5% to about 38%, 5% to about 37%, 5% to about 36%, 5% to about 35%, 5% to about 34%, 5% to about 33%, 5% to about 32%, 5% to about 31%, 5% to about 30%, about 5% to about 29%, about 5% to about 28%, about 5% to about 27%, about 5% to about 26%, about 5% to about 25%, about 5% to about 24%, about 5% to about 23%, about 5% to about 22%, about 5% to about 20.1%, about 5% to about 20%, about 5% to about 19%, about 5% to about 18%, about 5% to about 17%, about 5% to about 16%, about 5% to about 15%, about 5% to about 14%, about 5% to about 13%, about 5% to about 12%, about 5% to about 10.1%, about 5% to about 10%, about 5% to about 9%, about 5% to about 8%, about 5% to about 7%, about 5% to about 6%.
Polyethylene glycol-400, propylene glycol, and vegetable glycol are widely available from industrial sellers and the marketplace. PEG-400 is the most effective emulsifiers, as they have strong hydrophilic capability, even though propylene glycol and vegetable glycol are also effective.
Cannabidiol is available as an isolated extraction from the cannabis plant, namely from industrial hemp, and may be obtained on the legal market. Cannabidiol may also be obtained from synthetic sources. However, synthetic cannabidiol should only be used under strict legal requirements where legally appropriate. The synthesis of cannabidiol can be found in Navak & Salemink, TetradedronLett. 23, 253 (1982). This publication is included herein as references.
Flavor enhancers may be chosen from the list comprising of apple, cherry, green tea, cinnamon, clove, black tea, plum, mango, date, watermelon, coconut, pear, jasmine, peach, fennel, fragrant melon, lychee, mint, chocolate, coffee, cream, banana, almond, grape, strawberry, blueberry, blackberry, pine, kiwi, sapote, taro, lotus, pineapple, orange, lemon, melon, peach, licorice, vanilla, rose, osmanthus, kiwi, ginseng, spearmint, citrus, cucumber, honeydew, walnut, almond, honey, or any other flavor. Flavor enhancers are available for purchase commercially. Most flavor enhancers are available in oil form and mix well with cannabidiol and emulsifiers.
Polyethylene glycol-400 (or vegetable glycol, or propylene glycol) may be combined with cannabidiol and a flavor enhancer. The resulting mixture is stirred or mixed well, either by a propeller, a magnetic stirrer, or by a shaking mechanism.
In a preferred embodiment, PEG-400 is used at a concentration of about 90% (wt/wt). Cannabidiol derived from hemp oil is present at a concentration of about 5% (wt/wt). A flavor enhancer, such as mint, is present at a concentration of about 5% (wt/wt). Trace amounts of water may be found in this composition. Cannabidiol in hemp oil dissolves well in PEG-400 and the mixture vaporizes well during smoking by an e-cigarette.
The use of polyethylene glycol-400, propylene glycol, or vegetable glycol in combination with cannabidiol gives a smoke-able e-cigarette liquid. Flavor enhancers may be added into the mixture as needed. The weight percentages for flavor enhancers are given above.
Trace amount of water and other cannabinoids may be present in this composition, as the cannabidiol purification process may leave trace amounts of water and other cannabinoids. It is to be understood that cannabidiol may contain certain impurities.
The smoke-able cannabidiol composition may be smoked using an e-cigarette. The composition may be injected into an e-cigarette cartridge. The e-cigarette cartridge containing the smoke-able composition may be placed into an e-cigarette housing and be ready for smoking. The e-cigarette may be charged before the smoking of the smoke-able cannabidiol composition. Upon inhalation of the smoke from the smoke-able cannabidiol composition, cannabidiol is delivered into the pulmonary pathway and absorbed by the smoker.
EXAMPLESIn the following examples, cannabidiol is provided as part of hemp oil. Hemp oil in the following examples contains 10% (wt/wt) of cannabidiol. Hence, 1 grams of hemp oil contains 0.1 gram of cannabidiol.
Example 1Cannabidiol e-cigarette liquid composition with PEG-400
All ingredients at the quantity above are obtained. Weigh 90 grams of polyethylene glycol-400 into a container. Use a pipette to transfer ingredients at lower percentage weight, such as CBD in hemp oil and mint oil, into a container. Weigh 1 grams of CBD and 9 grams of mint flavor; then mix both CBD in hemp oil and mint flavor into the container of polyethylene glycol-400. Mix well before use. A magnetic stirrer stifling for 6 hours ensures dispersion of this composition.
Example 2Cannabidiol e-cigarette liquid composition with vegetable glycol
All ingredients at the quantity above are obtained. Weigh 80 grams of vegetable glycol into a container. Use a pipette to transfer ingredients at lower percentage weight, such as CBD and orange oil, into a container. Weigh 14 grams of CBD in hemp oil and 6 grams of orange oil; then mix both the CBD in hemp oil the orange oil into the container of vegetable glycol. Mix well before use. A magnetic stirrer stirring for 6 hours ensures dispersion of this composition.
Example 3Cannabidiol e-cigarette liquid composition with PEG-400 and strawberry flavor
All ingredients at the quantity above are obtained. Weigh 69 grams of PEG-400 into a container. Use a pipette to transfer CBD in hemp oil into a container. Weigh 1 grams of CBD, then mix the CBD in hemp oil into the container of PEG-400. Add 30 grams of strawberry flavor into the container. Mix well before use. A magnetic stirrer stirring for 5 hours ensures dispersion of this composition.
All references, including publications, patent applications, and patents cited herein are hereby incorporated by reference to the same extent as if each reference were individually and specifically indicated to be incorporated by reference and were set forth in its entirety herein.
It will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art that a number of modifications and changes may be made without departing from the spirit and the scope of the present invention. It is to be understood that any ranges, ratios, and range of ratios that can be derived from any of the data disclosed herein represent further embodiments of the present disclosure and are included as part of the disclosure as though they were explicitly set forth. This includes ranges that can be formed that do or do not include a finite upper and/or lower boundary. Accordingly, a person of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that such values are unambiguously derivative from the data presented herein.
Claims
1. A smoke-able composition comprising:
- cannabidiol in the amount of about 0.1% to about 90% (wt/wt) of the composition; and
- at least one emulsifier in the amount of about 10% to about 99.9% (wt/wt) of the composition.
2. The composition of claim 1, wherein cannabidiol is present in an amount of about 0.1% to about 1% (wt/wt) of the composition.
3. The composition of claim 1, wherein cannabidiol is present in an amount of about 1% to about 5% (wt/wt) of the composition.
4. The composition of claim 1, wherein cannabidiol is synthetic.
5. The composition of claim 1, wherein cannabidiol is derived from natural sources.
6. The composition of claim 1, wherein cannabidiol is derived from hemp oil.
7. The composition of claim 1, wherein the emulsifier is polyethylene glycol-400.
8. The composition of claim 1, wherein the emulsifier is propylene glycol.
9. The composition of claim 1, wherein the emulsifier is vegetable glycol.
10. The composition of claim 1, wherein two emulsifiers are used.
11. The composition of claim 10, where in two emulsifiers are chosen from a list comprising of polyethylene glycol-400, propylene glycol, and vegetable glycol.
12. The composition of claim 1, further comprising a flavor enhancer.
13. The composition of claim 12, wherein the flavor enhancer is selected from a flavor enhancer group consisting of apple, cherry, green tea, cinnamon, clove, black tea, plum, mango, dates, watermelon, coconut, pear, jasmine, peach, fennel, fragrant melon, lychee, mint, chocolate, coffee, cream, banana, almond, grape, strawberry, blueberry, blackberry, pine, kiwi, sapote, taro, lotus, pineapple, orange, lemon, melon, peach, licorice, vanilla, rose, osmanthus, ginseng, spearmint, citrus, cucumber, honeydew, walnut, almond, terpene, and honey.
14. The composition of claim 13, wherein the flavor enhancer is in the amount of about 1% to about 80% (wt/wt) of the composition.
15. The composition of claim 13, wherein the flavor enhancer is in the amount of about 20% to about 40% (wt/wt) of the composition.
16. The composition of claim 13, wherein the flavor enhancer is in the amount of about 40% to about 60% (wt/wt) of the composition.
17. A method to make a smoke-able composition comprising the steps of:
- placing a quantity of at least one emulsifier in a container;
- adding a quantity of cannabidiol; and
- mixing the composition using a propeller, a magnetic stirrer, or a shaking mechanism.
18. The method of claim 17, wherein the quantity of emulsifier comprises about 10% to about 99.9% (wt/wt) of the composition.
19. The method of claim 17, wherein the quantity of cannabidiol comprises about 0.1% to about 90% (wt/wt) of the composition
20. The method of claim 17, further comprising the step of adding a quantity of flavor enhancer.
21. The method of claim 17, wherein the quantity of flavor enhancer comprises about 1% to about 80% (wt/wt) of the composition.
22. A method for pulmonarily administering a cannabidiol composition to a mammal comprising the steps of:
- (a) providing a smoke-able composition comprising: (i) cannabidiol in the amount of about 0.1% to about 90% (wt/wt) of the composition; and (ii) at least one emulsifier in an amount of about 10% to about 99.9% (wt/wt) of the composition;
- (b) placing the smoke-able composition in an appropriate quantity in an electronic cigarette cartridge;
- (c) placing the e-cigarette cartridge containing the smoke-able composition into an electronic cigarette housing; and
- (c) the mammal smokes the smoke-able composition using the electronic cigarette.
23. The method of claim 23, wherein the smoke-able composition further comprises a flavor enhancer in an amount of about 1% to about 80% (wt/wt) of the composition.
24. The method of claim 23, wherein the flavor enhancer is chosen from a list consisting of apple, cherry, green tea, cinnamon, clove, black tea, plum, mango, dates, watermelon, coconut, pear, jasmine, peach, fennel, fragrant melon, lychee, mint, chocolate, coffee, cream, banana, almond, grape, strawberry, blueberry, blackberry, pine, kiwi, sapote, taro, lotus, pineapple, orange, lemon, melon, peach, licorice, vanilla, rose, osmanthus, ginseng, spearmint, citrus, cucumber, honeydew, walnut, almond, terpene, and honey.
25. A system for pulmonarily administering of a cannabidiol composition to a mammal, comprising:
- (a) a cartridge for storing a smoke-able cannabidiol composition according to any one of claims 1-16;
- (b) an electronic cigarette wherein the cartridge is housed.
Type: Application
Filed: Oct 30, 2014
Publication Date: Jul 2, 2015
Inventor: Michael R. Llamas (San Diego, CA)
Application Number: 14/528,051
