WEAR MEMBER
A wear part for surfaces exposed to abrasive material. The wear part is particularly well suited for use on earth working equipment used in environments where dead bedding material is possible. The wear part in the form of a wear runner has stops to cause material to dead bed and at least one ramp to minimize the wear caused by the dead bed material.
This application claims priority benefits to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/924,575 filed Jan. 7, 2014 which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
FIELD OF THE INVENTIONThe present invention pertains to a replaceable wear element for protecting an underlying surface of earth working equipment from abrasive earthen material.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTIONIn mining and construction, wear parts, often called wear runners, are commonly provided along the faces of excavating equipment that engage abrasive material. The wear part protects the underlying equipment from undue wear and extends the life of the excavating equipment.
Typically the wear parts have a leading edge that initially contacts the abrasive material and a top surface over which the abrasive material travels as the excavating equipment engages the abrasive material. The movement of the abrasive material on the top surface wears the wear part such that the wear part needs replacement. The wear parts are often replaced a number of times due to the highly abrasive environment in which they are used. The wear parts may be welded to the excavating equipment, or the wear part may have multiple pieces such as a base that is secured to the excavating equipment and a wear member that is mechanically attached to the base.
In some cases, earthen material can be used to protect the wear parts and extend the life of the wear parts. As the wear parts travel through the material to be excavated, the material is encouraged to pile up and stick to portions of the wear part. As the earthen material builds up it covers portions of the wear part to act as an additional wear surface. This technique is known as dead bedding. Dead bedding can extend the useful life of a wear part with less cost than increasing the thickness of the wear part, and is generally lighter than the metal used for the wear part. Dead bedding is also desirable because, should the material be worn or washed away, new material will be built up to replace the displaced material. In many cases, to get material to dead bed, a tumble bar in the front of the excavating equipment and an abutment surface in the rear of the excavating equipment is used.
As one example, wear runners or wear parts 13a may be used inside a dipper bucket 3 (
The present invention pertains to a wear part for surfaces exposed to abrasive material. The wear part is particularly well suited for use on earth working equipment used in environments where dead bedding material is possible.
In one aspect of the invention, the leading surface is inclined forward such that the wear part has an included angle of less than 90 degrees between the leading edge and the attachment surface to encourage dead bedding as well as cause material tumble. Alternatively, the leading surface and the trailing surface may both be inclined so as to have an included angle of less than 90 degrees between the leading edge and the attachment surface and between the trailing edge and the attachment surface to encourage dead bedding as well as cause material tumble regardless of whether the leading edge faces the flow of material or the trailing edge faces the flow of material (or whether the material flows alternatively in either direction). In one preferred construction, the included angle is greater than about 50 degrees to lessen the hydraulic lift effect the material may impose on the wear part (i.e., to lift it from the attachment surface) and less than about 85 degrees to better capture the material between adjacent wear parts, although other inclinations outside the preferred range can be used.
In another aspect of the invention, the wear part generally tapers (i.e., narrows) from the leading end to the trailing end. Generally tapering the wear part from the leading end to the trailing end discourages the dead bed material from washing away or scouring the wear part, provides a ramp to create a skip effect (i.e., protecting areas rearward of the leading end of the wear part when the trailing end faces the flow of material), allows the wear part to wear more slowly (i.e., only the leading edge of the top surface of the wear part is exposed once the wear part begins to experience wear), and reduces the amount of throw away material once the wear part needs replacement.
In another aspect of the invention, the wear part has a raised trailing end. The raised trailing end gives the wear part a rear abutment surface and allows the wear part to dead bed itself (i.e., without other bars or parts capturing the earthen material to overlie the wear parts).
In another aspect of the invention, the trailing end of the wear part is provided with a ramp. In one preferred construction, the ramp is inclined away (i.e., rearward) from the trailing end. The ramp creates a skip effect protecting areas rearward of the upper end of the ramp when the lower end of the ramp faces the flow of material. This inclination can, then, also work more effectively as a leading end if the material flow is reversed.
In another aspect of the invention, the wear part is provided with a lifting eye spaced from the attachment surface without extending above the top surface of the wear part. Locating the lifting eye away from the attachment surface allows rigging to remain attached to the wear part until the wear part is fully installed. Also, locating the lifting eye so that it does not extend above the top surface of the wear part allows material to flow over the wear part without disrupting the flow of material over the wear part.
The present invention pertains to a wear part for protecting a surface that experiences wear and handles material that is suitable for dead bedding. The present invention is particularly well suited for use on various kinds of earth working equipment including, for example, excavating equipment and ground conveying equipment. Excavating equipment is intended as a general term to refer to any of a variety of excavating machines used in mining, construction and other activities, and which, for example, include dozers, loaders, dragline machines, cable shovels, face shovels, and hydraulic excavators. Excavating equipment also refers to the ground-engaging components of these machines such as the bucket. Ground conveying equipment is also intended as a general term to refer to a variety of equipment that is used to convey earthen material and which, for example, includes chutes and mining truck beds. For convenience of discussion, the wear part is discussed in terms of a wear member for protecting a surface on a cable shovel bucket; however, the wear member may be used to protect surfaces of other earth working equipment.
Relative terms such as front, rear, top, bottom and the like are used for convenience of discussion. The terms front or forward are generally used to indicate the usual direction of travel during use (e.g., while digging), and upper or top are generally used as a reference to the surface over which the material passes when, for example, it is gathered into the bucket. Nevertheless, it is recognized that in the operation of various earth working machines the wear member may be oriented in various ways and move in all kinds of directions during use. Further, the earthen material may flow in more than one direction. For example, in the example of some excavating machines the earthen material will flow into the bucket during digging and in the opposite direction when dumped from the bucket.
A cable shovel 1 is equipped with a bucket 3 for gathering earthen material 2 while digging (
In accordance with the invention, wear member 13 has a leading surface 15, a trailing surface 17, a top surface 19 to engage earthen material and protect the underlying equipment, an attachment surface 21 to secure the wear member 13 to excavating equipment, and a pair of side surfaces 23 extending between the top surface 19 and the attachment surface 21 (
Similar to wear members 13a, leading surface 15, trailing surfaces 17, and side surfaces 23 may have recesses 31. When multiple wear members 13 are attached to a bucket or truck tray, recesses 31 create pockets that allow material to build up between the wear members located to the sides of each wear member, in front of each wear member, and rearward of each wear member. Wear members 13 may be arranged in a pattern similar to the patterns 28 and 28a shown in
Similar to wear members 13a, top surface 19 may have one or more cavity or pocket 33 to collect earthen material. The presence of a cavity or cavities lessens the material usage and weight of the wear member, and better collects and maintains earthen material. Nevertheless, cavity 33 could be omitted. The cavity 33 may be rectangular, elliptical or any other shape. A hole 35 may extend between the cavity 33 and the attachment surface 21. Hole 35 generally matches the shape of a lock 37 used to secure the wear member 13 to a base 39 fixed to excavating equipment (as shown in
The use of an inclined leading (or trailing) surface with the pockets and other features of the wear member tend to cause the material to stay within the pockets formed within and between the wear members for effective dead bedding. In one preferred embodiment the included angle θ and θ′ is less than about 85 degrees to maximize the amount of material that is captured and maintained within the pockets.
Wear member 13 is generally tapered (i.e., gradually narrows) from the leading edge 25 to the trailing edge 27. As seen in
The wear member usually begins to wear initially along the leading edge 25 (i.e., along the intersection of leading surface 15 and top surface 19). Because the leading edge of the wear member 13 is initially exposed to wear, a portion of the leading surface 15 adjacent the leading edge 25 and a portion of the top surface 19 adjacent the leading edge 25 may be overlaid with a hardfacing material or made from a material having different properties than adjacent sections of the wear member (not shown) to extend the life of the wear member. Hardfacing and/or varying types of material may, of course, be provided at other locations of the wear member. The hardfacing may be, for example, tungsten carbide or spherical carbide.
Wear member 13 preferably includes a raised portion 41 adjacent the inclined top surface 19. The raised portion 41 projects above the top surface 19 and provides an abutment surface 43 to stop the tumbling of the earthen material and cause the material to dead bed the cavity 33, recesses 31, and the top surface 19 of the wear member 13. The wear member 13 is preferably also provided with an abutment surface 43′ at the front end of cavity 33 so that the wear member 13 can cause material to build up regardless of whether the trailing surface 17 or the leading surface 15 faces into the flow of material.
A ramp 45 may be provided adjacent the trailing surface 17 of the wear member. The ramp 45 is preferably inclined upward and away from the trailing edge 27, as shown in
Wear member 13 may be provided with a lifting eye 51 to ease handling during installation. Lifting eye 51 is preferably spaced from the attachment surface 21 to ease coupling and decoupling of the hook or other connection means, and preferably does not protrude above a plane extending along the top surface 19 of the wear part 13 to improve the flow of material over the wear members. The lifting eye 51 may be located within the recess 31 in leading surface 15 and be located adjacent the leading edge 25. Locating the lifting eye 51 away from the attachment surface 21 allows rigging (not shown) to remain attached to the wear member 13 until the wear part is fully installed. The location of the lifting eye allows material to flow over the wear member without disrupting the flow.
Attachment surface 21 may have a cavity 53 for accepting a base 39 that is secured to the excavating equipment. Cavity 53 generally matches the shape of base 39 (See
Base 39 may be generally rectangular and have dovetails 61 that correspond to dovetails 55 on the wear member 13. A hole 63 that aligns with the hole 35 in the wear member 13, when the wear member is installed on the base, may extend through the base to accept a lock 37 to secure the wear member to the base. The base 39 may have recesses (not shown) that correspond to projections 59 on wear member 13. The base may be welded or otherwise secured to the excavating equipment. For example, the base may be welded to front wall 10 of bucket 3 and wear member 13 may be installed on base 39. Alternatively, the wear member may be welded to the earth working equipment with or without the use of a base.
Lock 37 generally corresponds to the shape of hole 35 in wear member 13 and hole 63 in base 39. The lock, for example, may have a body and a resilient member as disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,241,765 or U.S. Pat. No. 7,144,183 which are each incorporated herein by reference.
Although the above discussion has discussed the invention in connection with a wear member for use on a cable shovel bucket, the wear member can be used on various types of buckets, for example, dragline buckets, hydraulic face shovel buckets, excavator buckets, and loader buckets. Moreover, a wear member of the present invention can also be used to dead bed material and protect the underlying surface on other kinds of earth working equipment such as chutes or truck trays or non-earth working equipment such as grain elevators. Although the wear member are disclosed in this application primarily in the context of wear runners, the inventive concepts could be incorporated into other kinds of wear parts.
The above disclosure describes specific examples of a wear member for use with earth working equipment. The wear member includes different aspects or features of the invention. The features in one embodiment can be used with features of another embodiment. The examples given and the combination of features disclosed are not intended to be limiting in the sense that they must be used together.
Claims
1. A wear member for earth working equipment, the wear member comprising a leading surface facing a primary direction of a flow of earthen material over the wear member, a trailing surface generally opposite the leading surface, a top surface to engage the earthen material and protect the earth working equipment, and an attachment surface to secure the wear member to a mounting surface of the earth working equipment, wherein the leading surface forms an included angle of less than 90 degrees to the mounting surface to cause the earthen material to dead bed on the earth working equipment.
2. A wear member in accordance with claims 1 wherein the wear member has a thickness that generally narrows from the leading surface to the trailing surface.
3. A wear member in accordance with claims 1 wherein the wear member has a raised end projecting above the top surface adjacent the trailing surface, wherein the raised end includes an abutment surface generally facing the primary direction of flow of earthen material over the wear member so that the abutment surface dead beds the wear member forward of the abutment surface.
4. A wear member in accordance with claim 1 wherein the trailing surface forms an included angle of less than 90 degrees to the mounting surface.
5. A wear member in accordance with claim 1 wherein the included angles formed by the leading surface and by the trailing surface are each less than about 85 degrees.
6. A wear member in accordance with claim 1 wherein the included angles formed by the leading surface and by the trailing surface are each greater than about 50 degrees.
7. A wear member in accordance with claim 1 wherein the leading surface generally creates a skip effect for the earthen material rearward of the leading surface.
8. A wear member in accordance with claim 1 including a lifting eye spaced from the attachment surface.
9. A wear member in accordance with claim 8 wherein the lifting eye extends no higher than the top surface.
10. A wear member in accordance with claim 1 wherein the top surface includes at least one cavity for collecting the earthen material.
11. A wear member in accordance with claim 1 wherein at least a portion of the wear member is overlaid with a hardfacing material.
12. A wear member in accordance with claim 1 wherein the leading surface is planer.
13. A wear member in accordance with claim 1 wherein the attachment surface defines a cavity to engage a base secured to the earth working equipment.
14. A wear member in accordance with claim 1 including a hole to receive a lock to secure the wear member to the earth working equipment.
15. A wear member for earth working equipment, the wear member comprising a leading surface facing a primary direction of a flow of earthen material over the wear member, a trailing surface generally opposite the leading surface, a top surface extending generally between the leading surface and the trailing surface to engage the earthen material and protect the earth working equipment, an attachment surface to secure the wear member to earth working equipment, and a raised end projecting above the top surface adjacent the trailing surface, wherein the raised end includes an abutment surface generally facing the primary direction of flow of earthen material over the wear member to cause the earthen material to dead bed on the wear member forward of the abutment surface.
16. A wear member in accordance with claims 15 wherein the wear member has a thickness that generally narrows from the leading surface to the trailing surface.
17. A wear member in accordance with claim 15 wherein the raised end includes a ramp inclined away from the trailing end in a direction toward the leading end.
18. A wear member in accordance with any one of the preceding claims wherein the trailing surface forms an included angle of less than 90 degrees to the mounting surface.
19. A wear member in accordance with claim 15 wherein the included angles formed by the leading surface and by the trailing surface are each less than about 85 degrees.
20. A wear member in accordance with claim 15 wherein the included angles formed by the leading surface and by the trailing surface are each greater than about 50 degrees.
21. A wear member in accordance with claim 15 wherein the leading surface generally creates a skip effect for the earthen material rearward of the leading surface.
22. A wear member in accordance with claim 15 including a lifting eye spaced from the attachment surface.
23. A wear member in accordance with claim 22 wherein the lifting eye extends no higher than the top surface.
24. A wear member for earth working equipment, the wear member comprising a leading surface facing a primary direction of a flow of earthen material over the wear member to cause the earthen material to dead bed on the earth working equipment, a trailing surface generally opposite the leading surface, a top surface to engage the earthen material and protect the earth working equipment, and an attachment surface to secure the wear member to a mounting surface of the earth working equipment, wherein the wear member generally narrows from the leading surface to the trailing surface.
25. A wear member in accordance with claims 24 wherein the wear member has a raised end projecting above the top surface adjacent the trailing surface, wherein the raised end includes an abutment surface generally facing the primary direction of flow of earthen material over the wear member so that the abutment surface dead beds the wear member forward of the abutment surface.
26. A wear member in accordance with claim 25 wherein the raised end includes a ramp inclined away from the trailing end in a direction toward the leading end.
27. A wear member in accordance with claim 24 wherein the trailing surface forms an included angle of less than 90 degrees to the mounting surface.
28. A wear member in accordance with claim 24 wherein the included angles formed by the leading surface and by the trailing surface are each less than about 85 degrees.
29. A wear member in accordance with claim 24 wherein the included angles formed by the leading surface and by the trailing surface are each greater than about 50 degrees.
30. A wear member in accordance with claim 24 wherein the leading surface generally creates a skip effect for the earthen material rearward of the leading surface.
31. A wear member in accordance with claim 24 including a lifting eye spaced from the attachment surface.
32. A wear member in accordance with claim 31 wherein the lifting eye extends no higher than the top surface.
33. A wear member for earth working equipment, the wear member comprising a leading surface facing a primary direction of a flow of earthen material during use of the earth working equipment, a trailing surface facing in a direction generally opposite the leading surface, a top surface extending generally between the leading surface and the trailing surface, an attachment surface to secure the wear member to earth working equipment, and an abutment above and rearward of the top surface, the abutment including a ramp inclined down and away from the leading surface.
34. A wear member in accordance with claim 33 wherein the leading surface generally creates a skip effect for the earthen material rearward of the leading surface.
35. A wear member in accordance with claim 33 including a lifting eye spaced from the attachment surface.
36. A wear member in accordance with claim 35 wherein the lifting eye extends no higher than the top surface.
37. A wear member for earth working equipment, the wear member including a leading surface facing a primary direction of a flow of earthen material during use of the earth working equipment, a trailing surface, and a top surface extending generally between the leading surface and the trailing surface, an attachment surface to secure the wear member to earth working equipment, and a lifting eye that extends no higher than the top surface.
38. A wear member in accordance with claim 37 wherein the top surface is inclined so that the wear member generally narrows from the leading surface toward the trailing surface.
39. A wear member in accordance with claim 37 including an abutment above and rearward of the top surface.
40. A wear member in accordance with any one of claims 37 wherein the abutment includes a ramp inclined downward away from the leading surface.
Type: Application
Filed: Jan 6, 2015
Publication Date: Jul 9, 2015
Inventor: Adam M. Jones (Wright, WY)
Application Number: 14/590,755