HIGH-RESISTANCE CONSTRUCTION AND METHOD FOR IMPLEMENTING SAME

Abstract

The invention relates to a high-resistance construction and to the method for implementing same, said construction comprising at least one rigid structure (1) erected on at least one bearing element (10), characterised in that the bearing element (10) comprises at least one supporting point, known as the pivot (11). The rigid structure (1) comprises at least one lower frame (12) suspended in an articulated manner about the pivot (11) by suspension means (2). The rigid structure (1) is also connected to the bearing element (10) by stabilisation means (3) comprising a plurality of pairs of shafts (30) mounted in an articulated manner between the rigid structure (1) and the bearing element (10).

Description

This invention relates to the field of construction, in particular anti-quake construction and relates to all types of buildings or structures. This invention relates more particularly to a high-resistance construction, in particular anti-quake. In this application, the term “construction” designates any type of building, bridge or edifice erected, but this definition can also simply extend to “foundations” as the invention can be implemented in the form of a foundation and as such form for example a substructure whereon it is possible to erect any type of structure.

A first problem in the field of constructions relates to the resistance, in particular in terms of stability and flexibility (resistance to deformation). Indeed, the conventional constructions and foundations of prior art often have a lack of resistance to difficult conditions, in particular at the climate level (violent winds and storms for example) and/or geological (earthquakes and landslides for example). In general, conventional constructions have an insufficient absorption of vibratory phenomena. Anti-quake foundations and constructions are known in prior art that have the advantage of being more resistant than conventional foundations and constructions. A second problem in the field thus concerns the complexity of the arrangement and implementation of constructions and of their foundations in order to satisfy the first resistance problem. Indeed, the foundations and constructions that are able to withstand high stresses are generally complex and expensive. A third problem relates to the forces that are exerted on the constructions, and in particular the foundations, by erected structures which bear down with all of their weight and exert primarily vertical forces. This problem leads to complexity and substantial construction costs as the constructions must be able to withstand these direct vertical forces. The latter problem is moreover aggravated in difficult conditions.

Constructions (called here “sustained”) are known in prior art in which an erected structure rests on a bearing structure that supports the erected structure, as for example in U.S. Pat. No. 5,359,821, or constructions (called here “suspended”) wherein the erected structure is suspended from a bearing structure which retains the erected structure in suspension, as for example in patent applications U.S. Pat. No. 3,789,174, FR2736671A1 or U.S. Pat. No. 2,035,009A. Constructions are therefore generally not suspended and sustained at the same time. In addition, constructions are known in prior art wherein bracing is used, i.e. bars or shafts arranged obliquely in relation to the elements that they stabilize, for example thanks to a triangulation or a cross (for example a cross of Saint Andrew, in particular in the case of frames). However, this type of bracing generally uses, as for example in U.S. Pat. No. 5,359,821, shafts or supports (braces) which are arranged in a vertical plane (according to an oblique orientation between the horizontal plane and the vertical plane of the construction). This type of arrangement has the advantage of stabilizing the construction by providing resistance to the lateral forces. The shafts are generally arranged in pairs and each pair is arranged in a plane parallel or perpendicular to the other pairs. This type of arrangement has the disadvantage of requiring many shafts or supports and of not optimizing the stabilization in the various directions of space and of not satisfactorily responding to the problems mentioned hereinabove. Finally, the shafts are generally fixed by rigid fasteners, at least on one of the erected or bearing structures, as for example in U.S. Pat. No. 5,359,821 wherein the lower fastener is articulated while the upper fastener is rigid. This type of fastener has the disadvantage of risks of breaking under the stresses exerted.

On the other hand, suspended anti-quake constructions are known in prior art wherein absorbers are used which limit the oscillations. Indeed, the systems of construction of prior art, as for example in applications U.S. Pat. No. 3,789,174A, FR2736671A1 or U.S. Pat. No. 2,035,009A, often use absorbers formed by cylinders or other elastic means in order to slow down any oscillations that the suspended structure is subjected to. This type of elastic means has the disadvantage of only absorbing or slowing down the oscillations but of not providing a satisfactory stabilization.

In this context, it is interesting to propose a construction or a foundation that is resistant and stable, while still being simple, inexpensive and easy to implement. In this regard, it can also be interesting to propose a construction that allows a load offset.

This invention therefore has for purpose to overcome at least one of the disadvantages of prior art by proposing a high-resistance construction.

This purpose is achieved by a high-resistance construction comprising at least one rigid structure erected on at least one bearing element, characterized in that the bearing element comprises at least one bearing element, known as the pivot, said rigid structure comprising at least one lower frame suspended in an articulated manner about said pivot by suspension means, said rigid structure also being connected to said bearing element by stabilization means comprising a plurality of pairs of shafts mounted in an articulated manner between said rigid structure and said bearing element.

Preferably, the stabilization means also form means of support of the rigid structure. As such, the shafts are more preferably sufficiently rigid in order to support a portion of the load of the rigid structure, contrary to elastic means. It is understood that the notions of rigidity and of elasticity, which are generally relative, here have their definition in the capacity of rigid means in supporting a load, contrary to absorbers that only offer an elasticity that is not able to bear a load and only able to absorb the movement of the latter. As such, the rigid means defined here can naturally have a certain elasticity (according to the type of material used), in particular (and no solely) in the case where the stabilization means are associated with means for maintaining which provide a pre-stress, but which offer a resistance that is sufficient in order to support at least a portion of the load that the suspension means is subjected to.

Details on other particularities and advantages of such constructions are provided in this application.

Another purpose of this invention is to overcome at least one of the disadvantages of prior art by proposing a method of implementing a high-resistance construction or foundation.

This purpose is achieved by a method of implementing a high-resistance construction according to the invention, characterized in that it comprises the following steps:

• • installing at least one pivot on the bearing element,
  • installing suspension means on the pivot,
  • suspending the lower frame on the suspension means,
  • installing joints of the stabilization means on the bearing element,
  • installing joints of the stabilization means on the rigid structure,
  • installing shafts of the stabilization means between their corresponding joints on the bearing element and the rigid structure.

Details on other particularities and advantages of such methods are provided in this application.

Other particularities and advantages of this invention shall appear more clearly when reading the description hereinafter, made in reference to the annexed drawings, wherein:

FIG. 1 shows a perspective view of a construction according to certain embodiments,

FIG. 2a shows a perspective view of a bearing element whereon the construction is erected according to certain embodiments with the cutting plane 3-3 of FIGS. 3 and 4, and the FIGS. 2b and 2c show perspective views of constructions according to various embodiments,

FIGS. 3a, 3b, 3c and 3d show cross-section views according to the plane 3-3 of FIG. 2a, of suspension means of constructions according to certain embodiments,

FIGS. 4a and 4b show cross-section views according to the plane 3-3 of the FIG. 2a, of suspension means of constructions according to certain embodiments and the FIGS. 4c, 4d, 4e, 4f and 4g show cross-section views, according to the plane 3-3 of FIG. 2a, of various embodiments of anchoring of suspension means of constructions,

FIG. 5a shows a perspective view of a portion of the interior of a construction according to certain embodiments, with a cutting plane 5-5 of FIGS. 5d, 5e and 5f which show cross-section views, according to this plane 5-5, of the lower portion of the stabilization means according to different embodiments, FIG. 5b shows a simplified diagrammatical view, in perspective, of stabilization means of a construction according to certain embodiments and FIG. 5e shows a perspective view of the upper portion of stabilization means according to certain embodiments,

FIGS. 6a, 6b, 6c and 6d show bottom views of constructions according to various embodiments,

FIG. 7a shows a perspective view of a construction according to certain embodiments, FIG. 7b shows a partial view in perspective of the anchoring of suspension means and of stabilization means according to certain embodiments and FIGS. 7c and 7d show, respectively, a top view and a cross-section view according to the plane 7-7 of FIG. 7C, of a construction according to the embodiments of FIG. 7a,

FIGS. 8a, 8b, 8c, 8d and 8e show cross-section views according to a vertical plane identical to the plane 7-7, of different constructions according to various embodiments,

FIGS. 9a and 9b show, respectively, a top view and a cross-section view according to the plane 9B-9B of FIG. 9A, of a construction integrating various arrangements of suspension means and of stabilization means according to various embodiments,

FIGS. 10a and 10b show, respectively, a top view and a cross-section view according to the plane 10B-10B of FIG. 10a, of a construction according to certain embodiments and FIG. 10c shows a cross-section view, according to a vertical cutting plane identical to the plane 10B-10B, of another construction according to certain embodiments.

This invention relates to a construction, generally of high resistance, as well as its method of implementation (e.g., method of construction). The construction is designated here as being of high resistance because it is able in particular to withstand difficult atmospheric and/or geological conditions, as for example earthquakes and/or violent winds. This invention discloses in particular suspension means and stabilization means (and means of support) for a construction, that provide a relative flexibility for the construction and which allow it to be resistant. The invention can therefore also relate to each of these elements separately, which can consequently be claimed as such. In this application, the term “construction” designates any type of building, bridge or edifice erected, but this definition can also simply extend to “foundations” as the invention can be implemented in the form of a foundation whereon it is possible to erect any type of structure. Indeed, constructions comprise generally at least one structure erected on substructures (i.e., the emerged portion of the foundations). As such, the definition of the invention also extends to foundations, in particular anti-quake foundations, whereon it is possible to erect any type of structure and the term “construction” is used here to designate either the foundations or the structure erected on the foundations. Most of the figures do not show details of the erected structure but simply the peripheries as it is possible to consider any form, for the interior as well as for the exterior. Indeed, constructions and foundations can have various forms, with for constructions, a top with a tip or sharp edge, even a plateau, and the periphery of the construction can be polygonal or curved (for example circular), by defining at least one structure slope. The shape can be square, rectangular, round, polygonal, regular or irregular, etc. This invention is also adapted to these various forms of constructions, as can be seen in particular in the non-restricted examples for the purposes of illustration of FIGS. 6a, 6b, 6c and 6d. The constructions according to the invention can be carried out in any material, although wood and/or steel and/or masonry are generally preferred.

Constructions include generally at least one rigid structure (1) erected on at least one bearing element (10), for example as shown in FIGS. 1, 2b and 2c. In the high-resistance constructions according to the invention, said bearing element (10) comprises at least one point of rest, known as the pivot (11) and said rigid structure (1) comprises at least one lower frame (12) suspended in an articulated manner on said pivot (11) by suspension means (2). In addition, said rigid structure (1) is also connected to the bearing element (10) by means (3) of stabilization comprising a plurality of pairs of shafts (30) mounted in an articulated manner between said rigid structure (1) and said bearing element (10). Note that reference is made to pairs of shafts as it is preferable to have at least 2 shafts per slope or portion of the construction, but it is possible however to put only one or more than two per slope or portion. The term pair must therefore not be interpreted as being restrictive, unless mention is made of several shafts and then it must be understood as meaning at least two (not strictly two). The suspension means (2) in general allow for a slight movement of the rigid structure (1) in relation to the bearing element (10) and the shafts (30) of the stabilization means connect the rigid structure to the bearing element by making it possible to limit these movements. The stabilization means therefore form sorts of bracing that stabilize the rigid structure (1) on the bearing element (10). These shafts (30) are sometimes designated in this application by the term “cross-lath” in reference to the terminology of bracing in frames. Nevertheless, these shafts (30) or cross-laths can be purlins, posts or rods (for example solid or hollow tubes with any shape of section) of any rigid material (wood, metal, etc.), but they can also be flexible, as for example chains, cables or any type of flexible resistant link made of any material (as long as the shaft is provided according to the forces exerted).

Bearing Element:

The term “bearing element (10)” can designate both a one-piece and continuous element around the perimeter or inside the perimeter of the edifice, as well as a row of posts (or columns, pilasters, pillars, piers, pylons), of stilts or of portions of discontinuous walls arranged around the perimeter or inside the perimeter of the edifice. This bearing element (10) is arranged to support the structure (1) and makes it possible to distribute the loads in the ground (or the water in the case of a floating structure). Preferably, in the case of a plurality of posts or of discontinuous walls forming spans, a bracing is carried out in order to solidify the edifice. A bent is as such obtained (i.e., braced vertical surface located between two supporting points), for example by crosses of Saint Andrew, a diaphragm tie beam, a chaining or by top plates and posts as detailed hereinafter in reference to FIG. 2a. The size of the spans (separation of the supporting points formed for example by columns) is stabilized either on the ground by a diaphragm, or on the chaining that connects the top portion of the components of the bearing element, or both. Corner posts (102) can also be arranged at the angles of the edifice, as for example shown in FIG. 2a wherein the posts (101) are arranged between an upper beam (103) and a beam (104) each forming a chaining and corner posts (102) that provide the link between the slopes of the structure of the bearing element (10). The bracing is in general carried out in all of the vertical and horizontal planes of the bearing element. The bearing element (10) can be limited in height to at least one simple wall that forms a chaining at the base of the construction, whereon said structure (1) can be mounted, in particular thanks to the fact that this construction offers a substantial amount of useable volume under the structure by limiting the encumbrance and by making it possible to recover the inside volume of the structure. The notion of bearing element is therefore substantially functional since it designates here an arrangement capable of supporting a structure (an edifice). Also note that in this description, in order to define elements of this invention, terms of which the acceptance is generally recognized in the field of constructions are used, but that they must not be interpreted in a limited manner and that they are in fact used to designate a function and that this application uses this acceptance considered in its functional definition, independent of the structural elements concerned and independent of other elements that are possibly associated with them. The bearing element (10) is more preferably stabilized by a natural or artificial ground beam. For example in the case where there is a central bearing element supporting the construction, it can be anchored in the natural ground or stabilized using an artificial ground beam, for example formed by a slab or aggregates, according to the type of ground whereon the construction is erected. In certain embodiments, the construction comprises a plurality of separate bearing elements (10) stabilized by a natural or artificial ground beam, for example as shown in the FIGS. 7a, 8e, 9a and 10a. For example, when a bridge comprises several piers (for example as shown in the FIGS. 10a and 10b) which each form a bearing element, these piers can be anchored in the natural ground or stabilized using an artificial ground beam, for example formed by a slab or aggregates, according to the type of ground whereon the construction is erected. In certain embodiments, the bearing element (10) (whether there is one or several in fact) comprises a plurality of load-bearing walls of which the relative separation is stabilized. For example, when a construction is erected on an enclosure of load-bearing walls forming the bearing element, for example as shown in FIGS. 1, 2b and 2c, these walls can be anchored in the natural ground or stabilized using an artificial ground beam, for example formed by a slab (as shown for example in FIG. 10c wherein the bearing element comprises posts connected together by a slab), or encore stabilized by other means such as a diaphragm tie beam on the ground and/or on storeys, bracing, a chaining or corner posts (as shown for example in FIG. 2a). According to the support (type of ground, even an extent of water) whereon the construction is erected, the stabilization of the bearing element will be adapted.

Rigid Structure:

The term “rigid structure (1)” designates here any type of edifice that has, through its nature and/or its arrangement, rigidity and a stability that are sufficient to be erected on a bearing element. As such, the rigid structure (1) generally comprises a chaining, bracing or any mechanism making it possible to provide for its structural rigidity, at least on the lower frame (12) whereon are transferred the loads of the structure (1). Indeed, at least one lower frame (12) is suspended from at least one bearing element (10) and the lower frame (12) must therefore be able to support the rest of the rigid structure (1) by providing for its integrity (i.e. it must be stable in the various directions of the plane or planes in which it is located). The means allowing for this integrity are designated here by the term “chaining”, but once again, in its functional acceptance (therefore whether it is a chaining or any other means). This structure (1) can have various forms according to the construction or the foundation (as shown in the non-restricted examples of FIGS. 6a, 6b, 6c and 6d) and, according to the form and the arrangement of the structure, various mechanisms known for transferring loads can therefore be implemented. The rigid structure (1) generally comprises side walls (13), vertical (for example as shown in the FIGS. 1 and 2c) or oblique (for example as shown in the FIGS. 2b and 10b), which are at least integral with the lower frame (12). “Integral” here means that the elements are blocked in relation to one another in the various directions, in particular of the plane or planes of the lower frame, but also of the plane or planes of the side walls possibly. This term therefore covers means of fastening that provide a physical link between separate elements or elements carried out in a single piece. The term side wall must not be interpreted in a limited manner and can here designate a discontinuous wall, and even open on at least one slope or a portion of slope of the structure. On the other hand, the rigid structure (1) in general comprises (at least) one ridge beam (14) which is the top portion of the construction (or foundation). This term of ridge beam is not restrictive and is used here to designate the top portion, but it is understood in this application that it can be in fact the top of a foundation and that an edifice can be built on this ridge beam.

Reference is made in this application to a pivot (11) and a lower frame (12), with the latter also able to be called the walking beam (12), but this is in fact at least one pivot and at least one walking beam and the designation is more functional than structural, which is valid for all of the elements described and for most of the terms used in this application. In particular, the pivot, generally placed on each pane of the roof of the edifice can structurally have as many sides as the structure comprises slopes, or in certain cases as many sides as the edifice, but as the pivot is not necessarily a continuous structure, it can in fact be distributed into several supporting points on the element or the bearing item(s). Indeed, the term “pivot” is used here to show the fact that a bearing element is provided for the suspension means that transfer the load of the structure on the walls and/or in the foundations of the edifice. It is therefore understood that a continuous pivot can be provided, or a pivot comprised of a plurality of supporting points whereon each of which a means of suspension (2) rests can be provided. Likewise, it is understood from the various examples of suspension means (2) provided in this application that the anchoring of the suspension means (2) can form a pivot and that it is not required to provide a particular structure in order to fulfil this function, although it is generally preferred to provide a supporting structure that redistributes the loads exerted by the suspension means on the bearing element.

The lower frame, forming a walking beam in suspension, which is generally a continuous frame at the base of the structure, can structurally have as many sides as the edifice. The term “walking beam” is used here to represent the principle of balancing which is created by closing the frame that forms this walking beam, in order to then redistribute the loads in the bearing element of the edifice thanks to suspension means (2).

In certain embodiments, the walking beam (12) comprises purlins or beams or reinforcements, more preferably parallel to the walls of the bearing element (for example the load-bearing walls of the edifice), but it is possible to orient them differently. The walking beam is either a single piece or is comprised of elements assembled together by means of fastening, more preferably rigid, in such a way as to form a frame. The angles between the purlins, or the slops or portions of the edifice are for example reinforced by means of linking that provide for the rigidity of the angle and the continuity of the frame over the entire periphery of the edifice (circle, square, curve, polygonal or irregular).

Means of Suspension:

The structure (1) suspended from the bearing element (10) by the suspension means (2), and by the intermediary of the lower frame (12), is offset outside of the planes of the periphery of the bearing element (10) and at a level located lower than that of pivots (11). The rigidity of the structure and the disposition of the suspension means (2) make it possible indeed for the structure to be around the perimeter of the bearing element (10) or inside the perimeter of the bearing element (10). The structure comprises at least one slope (several slopes if there are several walls and several portions of slopes if there is only one continuous wall).

The frame of the walking beam (12) is offset outside of the plane or planes of the periphery of the load-bearing walls (10) of the edifice. The structure (1) can cover as such the bearing element by surrounding and covering its top portion (whether façade walls or foundations or others). As mentioned hereinabove, the structure can have various forms and can in particular have a circular periphery and it is understood that the notion of parallelism is then overused and that the walking beam (12) will in fact be concentric to the structure (1). In addition, in certain embodiments, the walking beam (12) is offset outside of the periphery of the bearing element (the walking beam surrounds the bearing element), but in other embodiments, of which a non-restricted example for the purposes of illustration is shown in FIG. 2C, the walking beam is offset inside the periphery of the bearing element. In addition, in other embodiments not shown but of which those skilled in the art will understand the arrangement using considerations provided in this application, the rigid frame suspended from the pivot by the suspension means (2) can in fact form one or several structures located between several bearing elements (10), for example in a manner similar to the arrangement shown in 8e. In certain cases, a portion of the frame can overhang at least one bearing element, but in general, the frame is in fact offset outside of the plane of the periphery of at least one bearing element from which it is suspended (via the suspension means, and generally the pivot).

The suspension means (2) are generally arranged at regular intervals in order to distribute the loads in the walls and in the ground. Preferably, the suspension means (2) are arranged to suspend the walking beam (12) in relation to the pivot (11) (or at least one supporting point or surface on the bearing element) and to offset it outside of the vertical plane of the bearing element (i.e., of the wall) while still allowing for the distribution of the loads of the structure in the height of the bearing element (i.e., of the load-bearing walls), as for example in diaphragms (wind beams, slabs, or any structures that cannot be deformed) and in the foundations. The offset of the walking beam can be obtained by the arrangement of the rigid structure and/or by the suspension means. In certain embodiments, of which a non-restricted example for the purposes of illustration is shown in FIG. 3a, the suspension means (2) comprise a rigid lever (L), to assist in the offsetting of the walking beam outside of the edifice. This rigid lever (L) is then associated with a tie beam (121) articulated between the lever (L) and the walking beam (12). This here is an inter-support lever of which the bearing element is located between the force exerted par the structure (own weight, snow, wind, earthquakes, etc.) and the resistance exerted in the walls, the diaphragms (wind beams, slabs, or any structure that cannot be deformed) and the foundations. The lever (L) in general comprises a leg (L1), more preferably with an anchoring (L10) in the walls of the edifice and/or an anchoring (L100) in the foundations (100) whereon the edifice rests, with an elbow (L2) hugging the pivot (11) and an arm (L3) offsetting the suspension of the walking beam (12) at a distance from the bearing element (10). The tie beams (121) connected to the walking beam (12) are suspended from the arms (L3) of the levers. The tie beams of the walking beam can be rigid or flexible and there are as many tie beams as there are levers. For the purposes of illustration and in a non-restricted manner, the tie beams can be made of steel, textile fibers, of metal, of carbon fibers, of synthetic fibers or any other suitable material, and an elasticity in the tie beams (121) can be admitted according to the need for flexibility of the overall system. The tie beams (121) are articulated at the two ends (on the walking beam and on the lever). In the case where the tie beams are rigid, more preferably an articulated fastening is therefore provided and in the case where they are flexible, the joint is supplied by their flexibility. In practice, the levers are more preferably anchored in the walls, in a slab (diaphragm, wind beam) or in the foundations (ground beam or longitudinal beam) whereon the walls rest. The levers comprise more preferably a bar forming the leg (L1), the elbow (L2) and the arm (L3) and are rigid, generally thanks to a composition made of steel, metal alloy or composite materials of the carbon, resin, etc. type. The lowest end of the leg (L1) is anchored in the ground slab (on the ground floor or at a storey in the case of buildings) or in a diaphragm (in the case of engineering works) same generic term. This foundation anchoring (L100) is arranged in such a way that the thrust exerted in the slab cancels out with the resistance of the slab. If there is no ground slab (farm buildings, shelters, etc.), a device for blocking on the ground is more preferably provided in order to provide for the resistance. In these embodiments with a rigid lever, the anchoring (L10) of the levers in the walls of the edifice makes it possible to thrust the lever against these walls and as such distribute the loads. A series of anchorings (L10) is generally chosen of which the number is determined according to the loads of the roof and to the nature of the materials that comprise the wall. These vertical anchorings (L10) can be made of wood, steel, forged iron, stainless steel, textile strap, plant fiber, or any other material, in particular a composite material. According to the type of load-bearing wall of the edifice, the anchoring (L10) of the suspension means (2) will be adapted in order to prevent damage to them and/or risk a pulling off. For example, in the case of a wall made of masonry, an anchoring is generally chosen in the shape of a T of which the large branch is arranged perpendicularly to the leg of the lever and of which the small branch is embedded in the masonry, for example as shown in FIG. 4e. It can however be chosen that the small branch of the T be outside of the wall, on the side opposite that of the lever, for walls made of masonry as well as walls made of wood, for example as shown in FIG. 4f. In the case of a composite load-bearing wall (with several layers, for example of composite materials), an anchoring with larger dimensions is generally preferred in order to avoid passing through the wall and pulling off and an abutment will be placed inside the wall, for example as shown in FIG. 4g.

In certain embodiments, of which a non-restricted example for the purposes of illustration is shown in FIG. 3b, the suspension means (L, P) are flexible. This is rather a pulley device (P). Such a pulley device (P) comprises a rigger (P2) (wheel provided with a groove, according to the terminology used in the maritime field) and a flexible link (P1) such as a cordage, a chain or another linkage element. This rigger generally comprises a head, often formed by a flat portion whereon passes the link and flanges on the sides of the head in order to prevent the link from escaping. In certain embodiments, a becket can also be provided. The rigger doubles as a pivot (11) and the link (P1) is anchored in the ground, thanks to a lower anchoring means (P100) at one end and connected to the walking beam (12) at the other end (more preferably directly as the flexible line makes it possible to avoid a tie beam since it already forms a joint thanks to its flexibility). The lien is anchored in the bottom of the load-bearing wall then goes around the top of the wall by bearing against the pulley which is fixed to the top of the wall in order to take the loads of the lower frame. The link is flexible in order to absorb the vibrations between the rigid structure and the bearing element or elements. The rolling of the pulley makes it possible to suppress the friction forces between the link and the load-bearing wall. This here is a pulley, as the sole function of a fixed pulley is to modify the orientation of the forces without modifying the value of the effort, identical to the value of the load that it is supporting. A “pulley system” can also be mentioned when the fixed pulley is associated with one or several mobile pulleys with the purpose of stepping down the effort required to support the load of the roof (own weight, snow, wind, earthquakes), for example as shown in FIG. 8c. In these embodiments with pulley, the orientation of the anchoring differs from that of the embodiments with a rigid lever. In the case of a lever, on the one hand, the anchoring is inclined in the direction of the resistance to be exerted in the arm of the lever (called leg here), while the resistance to be exerted is vertical with the pulley. In addition, the separation between the bearing element (pivot) and the wall is provided in both cases by the rigid frame of the walking beam. In the case of levers, this separation is maintained at a distance by the relative rigidity of the tie beams articulated at each end between the walking beam and the arms of the levers cantilevered on the walls, which reduces the forces exerted on the rest of the structure (bracing and chevrons), while with the pulley, this separation is only provided by the rigid frame that forms the walking beam (12) dimensioned according to the periphery of the bearing element (10) and by the stabilization means (3) which assist in maintaining the structure in place. According to the desired applications, the system of levers (L) or the system of pulleys (P) will be preferred according to the type of forces that are permissible in the walking beam, the walls, the diaphragms and the foundations.

The suspension means (2) therefore rest on the pivot (11) and advantageously offset the loads of the rigid structure (1) on the bearing element. Each pivot (11), or bearing element, is anchored on the bearing element (10) of the edifice in order to provide support for the structure. Preferably, in certain embodiments, the anchoring of the pivot (11) on the bearing element (10) of the construction (1) is arranged to allow for a slight tipping of the pivot perpendicularly to the plane of the wall, more preferably absorbed by a sealed joint with an absorbing material separating the point of anchoring of the pivot arranged between the anchoring (or rather the load-bearing wall) and the pivot. The pivot (11) can as such remain flexible around the anchoring at the top of the wall and offer a (slight) freedom of movement which facilitates its bearing element function for the offsetting of loads. An anchoring that offers an absorbing of the vibrations in the pivot is therefore more preferably chosen. In order to provide good anchoring, an embedding is generally preferred, which can be provided by sealing in the masonry, via a rigid bolting that is not articulated in the wood, or by a rigid straining piece system, in particular in the case of a pivot as rigger. The pivot will then be provided to be loose around the embedded fastener. For example, a piercing in the pivot with a diameter that is slightly greater than that of the embedded fastener will offer good anchoring while still retaining a slight clearance, for example as shown in FIG. 4c (the clearance between the anchoring and the pivot is absorbed by a flexible joint making it possible to prevent the anchoring from breaking under the efforts of the pivot). In addition, in certain embodiments, in order to prevent the erosion between the pivots and the walls, the lower face of the pivots can be slightly curved and maintained by flexible joints places on either side of the bearing element or of the loose anchoring point, in order to provide for the sustainability of the system in the event of swinging of the roof (for example in the case of strong winds or recurring earthquakes), for example as shown in FIG. 4c.

In certain embodiments, the suspension means (2) comprise at least one link articulated between the lower frame (12) and the pivot (11). For example, at least one tie beam (121) can be attached to means of anchoring (L4) forming the pivot (11) in the bearing element (10) and be connected to the lower frame (12), for example as shown in FIG. 3d, wherein the loop (L4) anchored in the bearing element to which is attached the tie beam (121). In certain cases, as for example a bridge pier made of concrete, the anchoring pivots, because the iron reinforcement which is in the concrete will be designed in such a way as to distribute the loads in reinforcement according to an angle opposite the load. The anchoring (L4) can therefore pivot, in order to modify the angle of the load, as for example shown in FIG. 7b wherein anchoring loops of the suspension means (and of the stabilization means) made of iron reinforcements are sealed in a concrete pier and form a pivot by the possible pivoting of the links attached thereon, while still making it possible to change the orientation of the loads.

In certain embodiments, the lever (L) forming at least one portion of the suspension means (2) can be simplified, in particular at the level of its anchoring, as for example shown in FIG. 3c. Such a lever (L), to which is attached a tie beam (121) articulating the lever (L) and the lower frame (12), comprises a leg (L1) directly anchored in the bearing element (10) of the construction, thanks to anchorings (L10). The elbow (L2) of this lever forms the pivot (11) and the arm (L3) offsets the suspension of the lower frame (12) outside of the plane of the bearing element (10) and below the bearing element on the pivot.

In certain embodiments not shown, the suspension means (2) simply comprise a continuous link that hugs the pivot and that connects the bearing element (10) to the lower frame (12). The link is anchored to the foot (at least in the bottom portion) of the bearing element, by going around the top by bearing against the pivot in order to take the loads of the lower frame. Such a link is flexible in order to absorb the vibrations between the rigid structure and the bearing element or elements.

In certain embodiments, the suspension means (2) comprise elastic means. Such elastic means form absorbers in order to absorb the stresses exerted by the walking beam, in particular when it moves. A first non-restricted example for the purposes of illustration of such an absorbing suspension means (2) is shown in FIG. 4a. In this example, the lever (L) comprises, instead of an elbow (L2), at least one loop (L2) which, through the rigidity of the lever and its winding on itself, allows for a slight deformation that offers an absorbing function. Another non-restricted example for the purposes of illustration of such absorbing suspension means (2) is shown in FIG. 4a. In this example, the lever (L) comprises a spring (or another elastic means) between the arm (L2) of the lever and the bearing element, in order to absorb the flexing of the arm (L3) around the elbow (L2). With such a case of an absorbing suspension means, a reinforced anchoring in the bearing element is more preferably provided, for the bearing of the elastic means, as for example shown in FIG. 4d.

Means of Stabilization:

Generally, the stabilization means are often mounted between the chaining of the bearing element (10) and the chaining of the rigid structure (1) which is borne, whether this chaining is located at the top, at the bottom or in the middle of the rigid structure (1) borne (and of the bearing element). The shafts (30) of the stabilization means (3) can be mounted between the bearing element (10) and the side walls (13) and/or the ridge beam (14) of the rigid structure, and even on the bottom portion (top plate for example) of this rigid structure but it is generally preferred that the link of the stabilization means be offset in relation to the link of the suspension means. In addition, it can be provided to mount the stabilization means over several different portions of the rigid structure. The ridge beam (14) is generally integral with at least the lower frame (12). It can be made integral with the lower frame via a separate fastener but it is in general integral with the side walls (13) and/or with the bottom portion if it is the only one connected to the stabilization means (3). On the other hand, it may not be integral with these side walls (13) and/or with the bottom portion if the latter are connected to the stabilization means (3). Likewise, if stabilization means are provided between the bearing element and each one of the elements (12, 13, 14) of the rigid structure, it can be considered that these various elements (12, 13, 14) of the rigid structure not be integral with one another, although it is preferred that they be integral for better integrity and resistance of the construction. Preferably, the stabilization means are fixed on the rigid structure at the junction between the side walls (13) and the ridge beam (14), for example as shown in FIGS. 1, 2b, 2c, 5a, 5b, 7a, 7c and 7d. However, it is possible and advantageous to fix stabilization means both on the side walls and the ridge beam, for example as shown in the various examples of arrangements of FIGS. 9a and 9b, which show in a non-exhaustive manner the diversity of the possible arrangements. On the other hand, the two shafts (30) of each pair of shafts of the stabilization means (3) have a non-parallel orientation between them and the pairs of shafts (30) are each distributed over a different portion of said rigid structure (1). The means (3) of stabilization comprise more preferably, for a portion (or slope) of the rigid structure (1), at least two shafts (30), known as cross-laths, which are crossed but free in relation to one another and mounted in an articulated manner in relation to the rigid structure (1) and to the bearing element (10). For example, in FIG. 9a, each one of the bearing elements (10) is surrounded by a frame (12) and, in most of the examples of these frames, the shafts connected to one side of the frame are crossed. In the rectangular frame surrounding three bearing elements (located on the right) in FIG. 9a, the large sides are provided with several shafts which cross between themselves from one bearing element to the other, while on the small sides, the shafts of each pair are not parallel but do not cross (as can be seen particularly in FIG. 9b, on the left: the shafts connected to the small side cross the shafts connected to the large side, but each one of the shafts of the small side does not cross its counterpart). The shafts of a pair can also be defined as the two shafts that converge (instead of defining them as those that cross and therefore diverge). In this definition, note that the point of convergence of a pair is more preferably offset in relation to the point of convergence of another pair. As such, the shafts form triangles (at least virtual) which are arranged in planes that are inclined in relation to the vertical and to the horizontal and of which the tops are at a distance from one pair to another. This arrangement provides the advantage of offering optimum stabilization by limiting the number of shafts required in these stabilization means.

In certain preferred embodiments of the invention, the stabilization means (3) include means for maintaining (32) that connect each of the shafts (30) to the bearing element (10). In certain embodiments, these means for maintaining (32) comprise elastic means that exert a pre-stress on said shafts (30). As such, the shafts (30) or cross-laths can be pre-stressed or not and exert on the structure forces that make it possible to stabilize it. The absorbing means for maintaining (32) can exert at least one force of thrust, but are more preferably able to exert also a restoring force, in such a way that the cross-laths can exert their stabilizing action regardless of the direction of the force that the structure is subjected to. The stabilization means (3) are more preferably rigid, in order to be able to better transmit the restoring and/or thrust forces exerted by the elastic means for maintaining (32).

As explained in the preamble of this application, the stabilization means form, more preferably, also means of support of the rigid structure. As such, the shafts are more preferably sufficiently rigid to support a portion of the load of the rigid structure, contrary to elastic means. Recall that the notions of rigidity and of elasticity, which are generally relative, here have their definition in the capacity of the rigid means in supporting a load, contrary to absorbers which offer only an elasticity that is not able to bear a load and only capable of absorbing the movement of the latter. As such, the rigid means defined here can naturally have a certain elasticity (according to the type of material used), in particular (and not solely) in the case where the stabilization means are associated with means for maintaining supplying a pre-stress, but that they offer sufficient resistance to support at least one portion of the load that the suspension means are subjected to. Indeed, rigid shafts (30) are generally used as a stabilization means, so that they support the rigid structure in addition to retaining any movements of it. As such, such articulated shafts provide a flexibility to the edifice and retain its movements by fighting against the lateral forces (at least not vertical) but also fight against the load of the rigid structure (of which the force is at least approximately vertical). As such, stabilization means (3) are obtained that form means of support that reinforce the stability and the support supplied by the suspension means. As such, the rigid stabilization means (3) can support a portion of the weight of the rigid structure (1), while still allowing for slight movements thanks to their articulated mounting. In certain embodiments, the means for maintaining (32) comprise rigid elements that support said shafts (30). These elements make it possible to relieve the stabilization means in their support function of the rigid structure. These rigid elements of the means for maintaining (32) are more preferably mounted in an articulated manner between said shafts (30) and said bearing element (10), for example as legs of force of the type of those shown in FIGS. 5a and 5f. This joint makes it possible to preserve the flexibility of the construction providing it with good resistance to difficult conditions. FIG. 5a shows in particular the fact that absorbing means of maintaining (32) can be provided for some of the stabilization means (3) and rigid means of maintaining (32) for other stabilization means (3). Indeed, the support function of the stabilization means (3) can be provided by separate means of support because in certain embodiments, the construction comprises means of support that support a portion of the weight of the rigid structure. Such means are more preferably mounted in an articulated manner on the rigid structure in order to preserve the mobility of the whole. These means of support are not shown but the various arrangements possible are understood using in particular examples of arrangements of the stabilization means. These means of support can be arranged between any portion of the bearing element (10) and any portion of the rigid structure (1) (side walls and/or ridge beam and/or walking beam or any combination). In addition, these means of support can be arranged between the rigid structure (1) and the bearing element (10) whereon is suspended the rigid structure but also or as an alternative between the rigid structure and another bearing element or another structure. Note that the means for maintaining can be elastic or not and that they can in both cases exert a pre-stress on the stabilization means, although it is generally preferred that this pre-stressing be exerted by elastic means for maintaining (32).

In certain embodiments, the shafts (30) of two contiguous portions or slopes of the construction are fixed on the same joint support (33) whereon rests the joint (31) of the shaft (30), as for example shown in FIG. 5a. In certain embodiments, the shafts (30) are anchored on the bearing element (10) by the intermediary of ground beams (33) which are themselves anchored in the bearing element (10) by an anchoring (330) of which the orientation opposes the pulling off of the ground beam (33) (an orientation that in general is not parallel and more preferably perpendicular to the orientation of the shaft).

The stabilization means (3) stabilize the structure which is suspended by the intermediary of the walking beam and the suspension means (2). Indeed, the suspension means (L, P) generally offer a flexibility to the structure which is preferable to stabilize horizontally and vertically. In addition, the stabilization means participate more preferably in the elasticity (or flexibility) of the construction (thanks to their articulated mounting of which details are provided hereinafter) and as such complement the suspension means. The terms of elasticity or of flexibility of the construction are used here to refer to the fact that it is particularly adapted (thanks to the suspension and stabilization means) for tolerating a deformation, in particular under the effect of high stresses such as violent winds or earthquakes, but that it tends to naturally return to its original configuration. The stabilization means are sorts of bracing, generally intended to provide for the overall stability with regards to the horizontal, vertical and transverse effects coming from stresses exerted on a construction (for example by winds, earthquakes, landslides, etc.). Here therefore the term of bracing is used to refer to the stabilization function (the elements fight against the forces exerted), although in the field of frames, various types of bracing are generally provided and a distinction is generally made between vertical bracing (intended to transmit the horizontal, vertical and transverse efforts in the closed items and the load-bearing walls) and horizontal bracing (wind beams intended to oppose the effects of flexing or of torsion due to these forces).

In this invention, the stabilization means (or cross-laths or bracing) cross more preferably as a cross-lath over a portion of each slope (bent), but they are generally free in relation to one another and the assembly between two bracing cross-laths is done at the junction between two portions of slope of a roof (in particular in the case of roofs of which the periphery is circular) or at the angle between two slopes (with the two assembled cross-laths forming the tip of an articulated triangle). Preferably, this assembly between two cross-laths is articulated (by a joint (34), referred to as top) on the structure (1) and each cross-lath is also articulated on the bearing element (10) (by a joint (31), referred to as bottom), in order to offer flexibility to their entire structure, making it possible to prevent the rupture stresses. Preferably, the joint (34) of a cross-lath on the ridge beam (14) and/or a side wall (13) is also used for assembly with an adjacent cross-lath (i.e., extending over another portion of a slope, even over another slope), as shown in most of the figures except the examples of FIGS. 9a and 9b). In addition, each cross-lath is more preferably pre-stressed thanks to elastic means (32), arranged at a distance from the joint and connecting the cross-lath to the ground beam fixed to the wall. FIGS. 5d and 5e show that the distance of the fastening of the elastic means and therefore the axis of the force exerted can vary according to the choice (according to the stresses to be borne). As such, the cross-lath, the ground beam (33) and the elastic means (32) form a triangle of which one side is elastic and flex the cross-lath. The force of thrust (or of restoring) exerted by the elastic means (32) makes it possible to under-stress the structure which can be designated under the name of under-stressed structure. The flexion exerted in the cross-laths makes it possible to absorb the impacts which could occur in the system in the event of strong winds or earthquakes for example. This flexion also makes it possible to prevent the rising of the structure, due to the pressure exerted in the cross-laths. The flexing also makes it possible to reinforce the stability by exerting a force directed on the building. It is the degree of force exerted in the cross-laths that makes it possible to vary the inclination of each bracing and the form of two opposite slopes that would not have the same slope, or the same length, or the same level of transferring the loads exerted on the structure. The number of cross-laths, as well as their arrangement on the slopes of the structure (or the portions of slopes of the structure), are variable according to the shape of the roof, as can be seen in particular in the non-restricted examples for the purposes of illustration of FIGS. 6a, 6b, 6c and 6d. Note that it is also possible to provide, as a supplement or as a replacement, pre-stressed elastic means on the joint (34) of the shafts (30) on the rigid structure. There can for example be rigid means for maintaining (32) between the bearing element (10) and the shaft (30) and elastic means between the shaft (30) and the rigid structure (1), in such a way as to combine the functions of support and under-stress.

In certain embodiments, the stabilization means (3) forming a support comprise cross-laths (30) mounted (“as cross-lath”) between the walls (10) of the edifice (1) and the ridge beam (14) or the side walls (13) of the structure or even the bottom portion of the structure. In this invention, the means of support (3) only support a portion of the load, and the cross-laths (30) can therefore be arranged independently from one another. However, in certain preferred embodiments, the means of support (3) comprise more preferably cross-laths (30) which are crossed as cross-lath two-by-two over at least one portion of each slope, while still remaining free in relation to one another (they cross but are not linked on their crossing). This crossing of two cross-laths (30) per portion of slope of the roof, arranged in a plane substantially parallel (i.e. approximately parallel) to the plane of this slope, provides for the support of the top of this slope (or at least this portion of slope of the roof) by transferring the loads of this top (i.e., a portion of the ridge beam) on the load-bearing walls (10). It is understood that a plane is spoken of but that the cross-laths that cross on a slope are necessarily slightly offset in relation to one another and are not exactly in the same plane (unless one of the two is curved and of a greater length).

As can be seen particularly in FIGS. 5b, 5c, 5d, 5e and 5f, the cross-laths (30) are mobiles on the load-bearing walls (10) of the edifice (1) by the intermediary of joints (31) and are retained by elastic means (32). Such elastic means can comprise a spring, a tie beam, an absorber or any type of sufficiently resistant and elastic element to support the forces exerted on the cross-laths (30) and provide a force that is sufficient for the bracing of the frame. These joints (31, 34) are more preferably arranged in order to allow for movement of the cross-lath (30) in rotation around a ball joint articulated in the three degrees of freedom of the space.

As can be seen particularly in 5b and 5c, the cross-laths (30) of two contiguous slopes of the roof (or of two contiguous portions of a slope) can be fixed on ridge beam on the same joint (34). Such a joint (34) more preferably authorizes the movements of the cross-laths (30) in rotation around a ball joint articulated in the three degrees of freedom of the space.

The joints (31, 34) of the cross-laths (30) authorize in fact more preferably the movements of rotation of the cross-laths (30) according to the three degrees of freedom of the space, and three degrees of links in the three translations of the space. Such joints (34) can for example be formed by a ball joint connection of which the male portion is integral with the socket wherein one end of the cross-lath (30) is embedded and of which the female portion is linked by embedding to the plate fixed under the ridge beam or on the wall. In certain embodiments of the joints (31) au ridge beam, the female portions of the ball joints can be fixed individually under the same plate and be connected to the male portions of the cross-laths in such a way that each cross-lath can be articulated independently of the others. This is the case in particular for the structures with a tip, regardless of the number of pans. In certain embodiments, a connecting rod articulated horizontally under the plate is used as a fastener for the finger ball joint (three translations and a rotation are linked, leaving free two degrees of freedom) whereon are fixed two cross-laths that are mobile between themselves. This is the case in particular for the joints of which the cross-laths are two-by-two on the same slope of the roof, or on the sharp edge between two adjacent slopes, or over two opposite slopes.

In certain embodiments, the ground beam (33) of the links of the cross-laths on the bearing element comprises a plate fixed by embedding (330) on the purlin top plate or on the chaining of the wall (10) by any means of embedding, such as chemical or mechanical sealing (plates, bolts, frame keys, etc.) of which the orientation opposes the pulling off of the ground beam (33). Such an anchoring (330) can comprise rods integral with the ground beam and arranged in the wall (10) according to an axis symmetrical to the angle of the cross-lath and of the horizontal plane at the top of the wall (30), as for example shown in FIGS. 5d, 5e and 5f. The joint (31) on the walls (10) is comprised of a ball joint that authorizes more preferably the movements of rotation of the cross-laths (30) according to the three degrees of freedom of the space. The joints (31, 34) can for example be formed by a ball joint connection of which the male portion is integral with the socket wherein one end of the cross-lath (30) is embedded and of which the female portion is linked by embedding to the plate of the ground beam fixed on the wall. In certain embodiments, the plate of the ground beam whereon the female portion of the ball joint is fixed is separate from the plate linked by embedding in the wall in such a way that the two plates are linked together by an absorbing system that makes it possible to reduce the horizontal efforts of the cross-laths in the load-bearing walls of the edifice.

Also note that the ground beam (33) and pivot (11) functions can be provided by the same structural means, for example when the ground beam (33) and the pivot (11) are continuous over the entire length of the wall. However, a pivot (11) is preferred comprised of a plurality of supporting points for the suspension means (L, P), separate from one or several ground beam(s) (33) each supporting a cross-lath (30). Indeed, even if a continuous beam (which is not necessarily a single piece) anchored on the top of a wall can form both the pivot (11) and the ground beam (33), the anchoring for these two means is not necessarily the same because the stresses in translation and rotation that they are subjected to are different.

In certain embodiments, the two ends of the cross-laths (30) are mounted in sockets (35) arranged to protect them, as for example can be seen in FIGS. 5d, 5e and 5f. As such, the elastic means (32) and the joint (31) of the cross-laths (30) on the walls (10) and/or the joint (34) of the cross-laths (30) on the ridge beam (4) and/or the joint of the means for maintaining (32) are fixed on the sockets (35) in such a way that the forces are not directly exerted on the cross-laths (30) and in that the integrity of the cross-laths (30) is preserved.

It is understood in this application that the invention comprises suspension means and stabilization means. According to various preferred embodiments of the invention, these stabilization means comprise advantageously at least one of the following aspects:

• • An arrangement in pairs forming triangles (at least virtual) of which the tops are offset from one pair to the next, which has the advantage of providing substantial stability (via triangulation), at least cost, by distributing the loads over several locations. In addition, the forces distributed as such over several dimensions allow for a reduction in the number of shafts required and a shaft of one pair can offset the force of the other shaft of the same pair or at least of another axis of another pair.
  • An arrangement forming means of support of the rigid structure, for example by rigid shafts (as defined in this application), even if they are articulated and offer a relative flexibility to the edifice. This arrangement makes it possible to reduce the loads supported by the suspension means while still strengthening the stabilization provided.
  • A mounting with means for maintaining (32), maintaining the stabilization means (3) in relation to the bearing element (10) (and/or possibly the rigid structure) and exerting more preferably a pre-stress on the stabilization means. Such a maintaining makes it possible to reinforce the support function of the stabilization means and the pre-stress makes it possible to provide work of the stabilization means in flexing, in addition to the compression and/or the traction that they are able to undergo thanks to their arrangement.

In addition, it is understood that the invention can also take advantage of the combination of these various aspects because the use of stabilization means that form means of support allow for a distribution of the efforts on rigid oblique elements that provide a support and which limit the oscillations even further than an absorber. In addition, the use of means of maintaining on the stabilization means oriented in oblique planes reinforces the stability of these planes of stabilization means. On the other hand, the use of means for maintaining in combination with the stabilization means forming a support allows the means for maintaining to stabilize and support the stabilization means. Finally, the combined use of these 3 aspects provide an optimal solidity and stability, while still offering a flexibility that is able to withstand extreme conditions (such as wind or earthquakes).

Method:

In certain embodiments, the method of implementing a high-resistance construction according to the invention comprises the following steps:

• • installing at least one pivot (11) on the bearing element (10),
  • installing suspension means (2) on the pivot, suspending the lower frame (12) on the suspension means (2 L, P),
  • installing joints (31) of the stabilization means (3) on the bearing element (10),
  • installing joints (34) of the stabilization means (3) on the rigid structure (1),
  • installing shafts (30) of the stabilization means (3) between their corresponding joints (31, 34) on the bearing element (10) and the rigid structure (1).

In certain embodiments, the method comprises a step of installing ground beams (33) in order to anchor the stabilization means on the bearing element (10).

In certain embodiments, the method comprises a step of fastening means for maintaining (32) stabilization means on the ground beams (33). In some of these embodiments, the step of fastening the means for maintaining is followed by a step of compression or of tensioning elastic means (32) between the shafts (30) and the ground beams (33) (compression in the case of the means for maintaining that exert a thrust force or tensioning in the case of the means for maintaining that exert a restoring force).

In certain embodiments, the method comprises a step of installing means of support between said bearing element and the rigid structure. As explained hereinabove, these means of support can be arranged between any portion of the bearing element (10) and any portion of the rigid structure (1).

It is understood when reading this application that a construction, referred to as under-stressed, is obtained that offers a stable structure and has the advantage of being particularly resistant to difficult conditions such as violent winds or earthquakes, in particular thanks to its elasticity (i.e., flexibility).

This application describes various technical characteristics and advantages in reference to the figures and/or to various embodiments. Those skilled in the art will understand that the technical characteristics of a given embodiment can in fact be combined with characteristics of another embodiment unless the contrary is explicitly mentioned or unless it is obvious that these characteristics are incompatible or that the combination does not provide a solution to at least one of the technical problems mentioned in this application. In addition, the technical characteristics described in a given embodiment can be isolated from the other characteristics of this embodiment unless the contrary is explicitly mentioned, in particular because the possible structural adaptations required for such an isolation are within the scope of those skilled in the art thanks to the functional considerations supplied in this description.

It is obvious for those skilled in the art that this invention allows for embodiments in many other specific forms without leaving the scope of the invention as claimed. Consequently, these embodiments must be considered for the purposes of information, but can be modified in the field defined by the scope of the attached claims, and the invention must not be limited to the detailed provided hereinabove.

Claims

1. High-resistance construction comprising at least one rigid structure erected on at least one bearing element, wherein the bearing element comprises at least one point of rest, known as the pivot, said rigid structure comprising at least one lower frame suspended in an articulated manner about said pivot by suspension means, said rigid structure also being connected to said bearing element by means of stabilization comprising a plurality of pairs of shafts mounted in an articulated manner between said rigid structure and said bearing element, said stabilization means forming means of support for the rigid structure.

2. High-resistance construction according to claim 1, wherein the stabilization means include means for maintaining connecting each one of the shafts to said bearing element.

3. High-resistance construction according to claim 2, wherein the means for maintaining comprise elastic means that exert a pre-stress on said shafts.

4. High-resistance construction according to claim 2, wherein the means for maintaining comprise rigid elements that support said shafts.

5. High-resistance construction according to claim 4, wherein the rigid elements of the means for maintaining are mounted in an articulated manner between said shafts and said bearing element.

6. High-resistance construction according to claim 1, further comprising means of support that support a portion of the weight of said rigid structure, with these means of support being formed at least partially by the stabilization means.

7. High-resistance construction according to claim 1, wherein said bearing element is stabilized by a natural or artificial ground beam.

8. High-resistance construction according to claim 1, further comprising a plurality of separate bearing elements stabilized by a natural or artificial ground beam.

9. High-resistance construction according to claim 1, wherein said bearing element comprises a plurality of load-bearing walls of which the relative separation is stabilized.

10. High-resistance construction according to claim 1, wherein the two shafts of each pair of shafts of the stabilization means have a non-parallel orientation between them and the pairs of shafts are each distributed over a different portion of said rigid structure.

11. High-resistance construction according to claim 1, wherein the means of stabilization comprise, for a portion of the rigid structure, at least two shafts, known as cross-laths, which are crossed but free in relation to one another and mounted in an articulated manner in relation to the rigid structure and to the bearing element.

12. High-resistance construction according to claim 1, wherein the rigid structure comprises side walls integral with the lower frame and at least one portion of the means of stabilization are mounted between the bearing element and these side walls.

13. High-resistance construction according to claim 1, wherein the rigid structure comprises a ridge beam integral with the lower frame and at least one portion of the means of stabilization are mounted between the bearing element and this ridge beam.

14. High-resistance construction according to claim 1, wherein the lower frame is offset, by the suspension means, outside of the planes of the periphery of the bearing element and at a level located lower than that of the pivot or pivots.

15. High-resistance construction according to claim 1, wherein the suspension means comprise at least one link articulated between the lower frame and the pivot.

16. High-resistance construction according to claim 1, wherein the suspension means comprise at least one lever and a tie beam articulated between the lever and the lower frame.

17. High-resistance construction according to claim 1, wherein the suspension means comprise at least one pulley and a link between the pulley and the lower frame.

18. High-resistance construction according to claim 1, wherein the shafts of two contiguous portions or slopes of the construction are fixed on the same joint.

19. High-resistance construction according to claim 1, wherein the shafts are anchored on the bearing element by the intermediary of ground beams which themselves are anchored in the bearing element by an anchoring of which the orientation opposes the pulling off of the ground beam.

20. Method for implementing a high-resistance construction according to claim 1, comprising the following steps:

installing at least one pivot on the bearing element,

installing suspension means on the pivot,

suspending the lower frame on the suspension means,

installing joints of the stabilization means on the bearing element,

installing joints of the stabilization means on the rigid structure,

installing shafts of the stabilization means between their corresponding joints on the bearing element and the rigid structure.

21. Method according to claim 1, further comprising a step of installing ground beams in order to anchor the stabilization means on the bearing element.

22. Method according to claim 1, further comprising a step of fastening the means for maintaining stabilization means on the ground beams.

23. Method according to claim 1, wherein the step of fastening the means for maintaining is followed by a step of compression or of tensioning elastic means between the shafts and the ground beams.

24. Method according to claim 1, further comprising a step of installing means of support between said bearing element and the rigid structure.