MUSICAL NOTATION SYSTEMS AND METHODS
A musical notation system employing a dozenal, or base-12 approach to representing musical notes and compositions in a dynamic, clock-face format is described. A static, lined notation system derived from the base-12 radial notation system is also described.
This application claims priority from U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/742,630 filed Aug. 15, 2012. The disclosures of the previously filed provisional patent application, is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.
TECHNICAL FIELDThe present invention relates to methods and systems for musical notation.
BACKGROUNDThe commonly used music notation system uses a five-line staff, most commonly both a treble and a bass staff. The lines are spaced equi-distant from one another and note pitch is shown by placement of notes with respect to each line of the staff, with notes being located both on and between the lines. Notes representing a pitch outside the five line staff are represented using ledger lines, and some notes are indicated using flat and sharp indications.
A staff of written music generally begins with a clef. The treble or G clef identifies the second line up on the five line staff as the note G above middle C. The bass or F clef shows the position of the note F below middle C. Following the clef, the key signature on a staff indicates the key of the piece by specifying that certain notes are flat or sharp throughout the piece, unless otherwise indicated. Note duration is indicated by different note values and additional symbols such as dots and ties. The musical notation is read from left to right, and measures (bars) divide the composition into groups of beats. The time signature specifies those groupings. Directions to the player regarding tempo, dynamics and expression appear above or below the staff(s).
Learning this conventional musical notation system is difficult and time consuming. Many years of training and substantial knowledge of music theory are required to play complex musical compositions. Many attempts to develop simplified musical notation systems that are more accessible to students, and particularly young students, have been made. Some recent examples of alternative musical notation systems are shown and described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 8,039,722, 7,439,438, 6,288,316, 6,124,540, 7,253,349 and U.S. Patent Publication 2008/0072738. Alternative musical notation systems have also been developed for creating and performing a musical score using electronic and computer-implemented techniques and tools.
Despite many and varied efforts to simplify the traditional musical notation system, there is, to applicant's knowledge, no simplified musical notation system in wide usage. Applicant has therefore developed the new musical notation systems described and shown herein in an effort to provide musical notation systems that are easy to learn, easy to use, and amenable to representing music of all types and for all instruments.
In one aspect, a musical notation system of the present invention utilizes a dynamic dozenal or base-12 system, graphically presented in a radial or clock-face format, for representing musical notes and musical compositions. In this dynamic musical notation system, various aspects and embodiments of which are illustrated in the accompanying figures, each of 12 equally spaced radial locations (such as those marking hours on the conventional clock face) represents one of the 12 pitches of the scale. Each of the 12 note pitches is thus represented as a radius of the clock face extending from the center to the perimeter at a location corresponding to an hour on the base-12 clock, with successive musical notes and pitches located in successive radial locations. Musical notes are expressed as colored markings located at radial locations corresponding to the individual notes. In some embodiments of the radial, clock-face base-12 notation system, the note located at a designated location, such as at the upper central 0 or 12 position, designates the musical scale key of the composition and the other notes (or keys) are arranged, sequentially, in a predetermined orientation, such as a clockwise orientation, with respect to the musical scale key.
The base-12 radial (clock face) format musical notation system is dynamic and is typically presented using an interactive, computer- and/or microprocessor-implemented system. Colored note indicators move dynamically from one area of the radial representation, or clock face, to another area as the music progresses, such as from outer perimeter regions of the clock face toward the center, or from the center or an inner location outwardly. In one embodiment, the notes and chords that are in the central location at any point in time are the notes being played, while in another embodiment, the notes and chords that are in a peripheral location at any point in time are the notes being played. Thus, musical compositions are “read” as note indicators move, dynamically, from one area of the clock face (e.g., the center) to another area (e.g. a peripheral area), rather than from left to right along a staff, as is done in the conventional musical notation system.
The introduction of “My heart will go on” is shown, in the key of E, in the traditional 5 line staff notation system
The base-12 clock face format musical notation system is a dynamic system in which the orientation of the clock face and the orientation of the note locations with respect to one another remain constant, while notes, which are represented as colored indicators (e.g., as lines or bars) positioned at note/pitch locations (e.g. on lines radiating from the center of the clock), move dynamically from one area of the radial representation to another area as music progresses, such as from outer regions of the clock inwardly, until they reach the center of the clock face. In the embodiment in which note indicators move dynamically from an outer region of the clock face to a central location, the distance of notes from the center reflects the time until a note is played.
Thus, in the notation shown in
The duration of notes may be indicated by the degree of elongation of the line or bar, or in other ways. The radial location of notes in any composition or key remains constant and different colors may be used to indicate different octaves, as schematically illustrated in
The user will have the ability to control many aspects of the dynamic system, including the graphics, the tempo at which musical compositions are displayed, starting and stopping features, and the like. The musical composition may be played at the same time the musical notation is displayed to facilitate learning. Computer- and/or microprocessor-implemented methods and systems for converting musical compositions expressed in the traditional musical notation system(s) to the base-12 musical notation systems described herein will be developed.
The lines corresponding to these five notes (the pentatonic scale) of the diatonic scale are used in one embodiment of the dozenal-based lined musical notation. This lined notation shows the lines corresponding to notes 0, 2, 4, 7 and 9, spaced in accordance with the spacing of the 12 line equidistant spacing. Thus, lines 0, 2 and 4 are equidistantly spaced from one another, as are lines 7 and 9 (with space corresponding to one note line between each pair), while space corresponding to two note lines is provided between the lines corresponding to notes 4 and 7 and the lines corresponding to lines 9 and 0. This notation is shown at the top of
The base-12 lined musical notation representing “My Heart Will Go On” is shown in
The primary change when the base 12 radial system is adapted to lined notation is that the number of lines used to express a musical composition is flexible rather than fixed, and the line notation used to express compositions using different scales is different. As mentioned above, each line used in a line notation of this base 12 system, expressing any particular scale, corresponds to the line representing the note having the corresponding position in the twelve possible note/line positions. Different scales use different numbers of notes, and different notes, and the base 12 lined notation for any particular scale uses the lines corresponding to the notes of the scale. This typically results in a line notation system in which the lines are not equally spaced from one another, as they are in the traditional lined notation.
The C chromatic scale is expressed as 12 equidistantly spaced lines, each line representing a successive note of the scale (i.e., notes 1-12), with lines corresponding to the “0” defining the boundaries of the notation. (See, C Chromatic scale, left-most representation of
In alternative embodiments of the base-12 line notation system of the present invention, traditional musical note representations such as those used in the traditional five-line staff musical notations (e.g., whole notes, half notes, quarter notes, etc.), may be used with the novel base-12 line notation system. In this type of hybrid system, note pitch is expressed as the location of the note in the lined system (e.g., line locations 1-12), pitch octave may be expressed as color, and note duration is expressed by the note type and representation (e.g. whole note, half note, quarter note, etc.).
There are many ways to illustrate melody notes and chords in the dynamic clock mode musical system.
In another exemplary embodiment shown in
In yet another exemplary representation shown in
In yet another exemplary embodiment, multiple radial elements may be combined to illustrate music played by different hands, or to illustrate both melody notes and chords. In the diagram shown in
Display devices for displaying musical compositions, and musical instruments or accessories incorporating display devices are contemplated. Libraries of musical compositions may be made available to and selectable by a user, for example, through an interactive user interface device. The interactive user interface device may be a computer terminal and display (e.g., a personal computer or kiosk or the like), a personal digital assistant (PDA), a digital device such as a telephone, smart phone, tablet, camera, a musical instrument having a display associated with it, or the like. The interactive user interface device may additionally be provided as a digital watch or wall-type clock having a generally circular face. Digital devices having a generally round configuration are especially suitable for displaying the base 12 musical notation in the radial format, as described herein.
The interactive user interface device typically communicates with a host system, or a content engine, via a communications network such as a local area network (LAN), a wide area network (WAN), a wired or wireless network, an intranet, an internet, a cell network, a satellite network, or the like. The content engine(s) is generally maintained by someone other than the user, and is configured to provide users with user-selectable content. Computer- and/or microprocessor-implemented methods and systems for converting musical compositions expressed in the traditional musical notation system to one or more of the musical notation systems described herein are also contemplated.
It will be appreciated that the methods and systems of the present invention may be embodied in a variety of different forms, and that the specific embodiments shown in the figures and described herein are presented with the understanding that the present disclosure is considered exemplary of the principles of the invention, and is not intended to limit the invention to the illustrations and description provided herein.
Claims
1. A musical notation system utilizing a base-12 system, graphically represented in a clock-face format.
2. The musical notation system of claim 1, Wherein successive notes and chords are expressed as colored indicators located at radial locations corresponding to individual notes.
3. The musical notation system of claim 2, wherein colored note indicators move dynamically from outer perimeter regions of the clock-face toward the center as a musical composition progresses.
4. The musical notation system of claim 2, wherein colored note indicators move dynamically from inner regions of the clock-face toward outer perimeter regions as a musical composition progresses.
5. The musical notation system of claim 1, wherein colored note indicators representing both melody notes and chords are expressed in a clock-face format.
6. The musical notation system of claim 1, wherein one area of the clock-face format expresses right hand notes and another area of the clock-face format expresses left-hand notes.
7. The musical notation system of claim 6, wherein one area of the clock-face format is an inner circular area and another area of the clock-face format is an annular area that is peripheral to the inner circular area.
8. A musical notation system utilizing a base-12 lined notation system, wherein equal and distinct name-values (numbers 0 through 11) are assigned to each of the twelve possible notes and line positions, and the number of lines used in the notation system is flexible based on the seale(s) in which a composition may be expressed.
9. The musical notatation system of claim 8, wherein the tom line of the lined notation system represents the key signature of the musical composition.
10. The musical notation system of claim 8, wherein the number of lines shown and the spacing between the lines used to express a musical composition corresponds to the scale in which the composition is expressed.
11. The musical notation system of claim 8, in which the notes of the pentatonic scale (notes 0, 2, 4, 7 and 9) are represented as a 5-lined notation and additional dotted lines represent notes outside the pentatonic scale.
12. The musical notation system of claim 8, in which notes are expressed as lines or bars and the duration of the note corresponds to the length of the line or bar.
13. The musical notation system of claim 8, in which notes are expressed as traditional notes (e.g., whole notes, half notes etc.) and the duration of the note corresponds to the traditional notation.
14. (canceled)
Type: Application
Filed: Aug 15, 2013
Publication Date: Aug 6, 2015
Inventor: Tanate Ua-Aphithorn (Bangkok)
Application Number: 14/421,810