Methods and Systems for Determining a Gunshot Sequence or Recoil Dynamics of a Gunshot for a Firearm
An apparatus, device, or method may detect aim or pointing direction of a firearm, and may display aim directions of the firearm for gunshots fired at a target. Sequence of bullet strikes by multiple gunshots may be determined. A method may comprise detecting gunshots of the firearm discharging live ammunition; measuring aim directions of the firearm substantially at times of detecting the gunshots; recording the times of the gunshots and/or sequence order of the gunshots; and generating output for displaying an image that includes bullet strike icons that represent bullet strikes on the target. Locations of the bullet strike icons in the image may be based, at least in part, on the measured aim directions of the gunshots.
This patent application is a Continuation-in-Part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/522,913, filed on Oct. 24, 2014, which is a Continuation of, and claims benefit of and priority to U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/831,926, now U.S. Pat. No. 8,887,430, filed on Mar. 15, 2013, which claims benefit of and priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 61/751,242, filed on Jan. 10, 2013, entitled “Firearm Aim Detection and Warning System”, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.
BACKGROUND1. Field
Subject matter disclosed herein relates to a system and method for providing aim detection of a firearm, and more particularly, a system and method for aim detection that allows for determination of recoil of a firearm or a sequence of a group of gunshots.
2. Information
Firearms, such as handguns or rifles, are used by millions of people for any of a number of reasons, such as for law enforcement, military use, defense, hunting, competition, or recreational use. Firearm users, from beginners to experts, often spend effort and time to improve their shooting skills and firearm-handling skills. For example, firearm users may shoot at a target (target practice) to practice their aim. Firearm users may also practice handling and operating their firearm so as to improve their familiarity with the firearm and to improve their efficiency at handling the firearm.
Among other things, practicing or improving shooting skills and firearm-handling skills may help reduce firearm accidents. For example, firearms are involved in a number of accidental deaths or injuries per year in the United States. One feature of firearms that may lead to a number of accidents is that aiming or pointing a firearm in any direction may be effortless: A user holding a firearm may easily, inadvertently point the firearm toward an adjacent shooter at a firing range just as easily as the user may aim at an intended target in the firing range, for example. Accordingly, many firing ranges, where shooters practice their skills at using a firearm, have strict rules regarding how to orient a firearm at all times. For example, a user inadvertently, even for a moment, pointing a firearm in a direction other than downward or at a target of a firing range may result in the user being dismissed from the firing range.
Handguns may be particularly problematic compared to rifles: It may be extremely easy to wave a handgun in any direction. Unless a user has, over years perhaps, developed careful habits for handling a firearm, a user may often need to apply extra effort while handling a firearm to ensure that the firearm is never pointing in an unintentional direction. This may hold truer for younger shooters or beginners first handling a firearm. However, more experienced shooters may become lackadaisical, careless, or even just tired.
Non-limiting and non-exhaustive embodiments will be described with reference to the following figures, wherein like reference numerals refer to like parts throughout the various figures unless otherwise specified.
Reference throughout this specification to “one embodiment” or “an embodiment” means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment is included in at least one embodiment of claimed subject matter. Thus, the appearances of the phrase “in one embodiment” or “an embodiment” in various places throughout this specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, or characteristics may be combined in one or more embodiments.
In an embodiment, a method may be used to detect aim or pointing direction of a firearm while the firearm is held and operated by a user (e.g., shooter). Aim direction of a firearm may mean a direction that a round (e.g., a bullet or shot, etc.) would travel from the firearm upon or after being discharged. The method, which may be performed by an aim-detector-safety-device (ADSD), a recoil measuring system (RMS), or a shot sequencing system (SSS) attached to a firearm, may comprise detecting a gunshot made by the firearm. In another implementation, an ADSD, RMS, or SSS may comprise an aim-detector-device, wherein aim may be a primary concern over safety (though, practically speaking, safety of firearms is desirably of utmost importance). Though a shooter may be in control of an aim direction of a firearm, the shooter may inadvertently, from time to time, point the firearm in a dangerous direction. An ADSD may detect such a direction and warm the shooter or people near the shooter of such a dangerous direction.
In some embodiments, an RMS may perform a number of operations to measure various parameters associated with recoil or kickback of a firearm, such as when the firearm discharges live ammunition. Live ammunition includes a bullet or projectile projected into motion by gun powder or other substance in an explosive reaction. Embodiments may also include bullet or projectiles projected into motion by mechanical techniques, such as compressed springs, for example. Operations for measuring various parameters associated with recoil or kickback of a firearm may include detecting a gunshot of a firearm; sensing an aim direction of the firearm substantially at the time of detecting the gunshot; setting a reference direction based, at least in part, on the aim direction; sensing subsequent aim directions of the firearm after the time of detecting the gunshot; comparing any of the subsequent aim directions to the reference direction; and generating one or more recoil measurements based, at least in part, on the comparing. In some implementations, a microphone may be used to sense a gunshot by detecting the sound or sound signature of the gunshot. In some implementations, a 3D sensor (or more than one 3D sensor) may be used to sense a gunshot by detecting recoil or kickback of the gunshot. In some implementations, a combination of a microphone and 3D sensor may be used to detect a gunshot.
In some embodiments, shooting at a target may involve firing multiple gunshots from a firearm at the target, which may be some distance away from the shooter. Often, the target may be far enough away that personnel, such as the shooter and any bystanders, may not be able to see bullet strike marks on the target. Accordingly, in some cases, results of target practice may be determined only after personnel walk up to the target to closely inspect bullet strike marks on the target. Bullet strike marks on a target may comprise holes, colored spots or rings (e.g., in color-reactive targets), a distorted spot, or a visible mark, just to list a few examples.
Another challenge facing determination of results of target practice may be that for a sequence of gunshots, it may be difficult or impossible to determine which bullet strike marks on a target correspond to which of the gunshots in the sequence. Moreover, a shooter may fire a dozen or so rounds (gunshots) in a span of a few seconds. Such a grouping of gunshots may make it difficult or impossible to determine the sequence of bullet strikes. Questions may be, for example, which bullet strike mark corresponds to the first gunshot? What part of the target did the fourth gunshot strike? And so on.
A knowledge of sequence of shots may be useful for determining if a gun sight (e.g., scope 510) is positioned inaccurately on the firearm, or if a shooter tends to visualize the target with a bias that leads to inaccurate shots at the target. For example, if the first gunshot of a group is further from a bull's eye than subsequent gunshots, and such first shots are consistently to the left (for example) for a number of gunshot groups, then a correction to the firearm and/or the shooter may be needed to remove a bias (due to the firearm, the shooter, or both) so that shooting accuracy may be improved.
In such an example, a useful ability is to be able to determine which of a number of gunshots is the first gunshot. In some embodiments, an SSS may perform a process that indicates which bullet strike marks on a target correspond to which gunshots in a sequence of gunshots. Such a process may include generating a display to be displayed on a display device, where the display includes bullet strike location information and corresponding shot sequence order for each of the bullet strikes. The process may include detecting gunshots of the firearm discharging live ammunition; measuring aim directions of the firearm substantially at times of detecting each of the gunshots (e.g., the time of detecting a gunshot is substantially the same as the time that the gunshot occurs); recording the times of each of the gunshots and/or recording the sequence of the gunshots and associating the times and/or the sequence with the measured aim directions; and generating output for rendering a display image that includes bullet strike icons that represent bullet strikes on a target. Locations of the bullet strike icons in the display image may be based, at least in part, on the measured aim directions of each of the gunshots.
In various embodiments, functionality of an ADSD, an RMS, and an SSS may overlap, and need not be exclusive. In other words, for example, an ADSD may perform some functions of an RMS or an SSS, and vice versa. Even though some embodiments are described below for a particular one of an ADSD, an RMS, or an SSS, at least some of the descriptions of the embodiments may also apply to any of the other two of the ADSD, RMS, or SSS. For sake of convenience, the term “firearm accessory system” (FAS) will be used in the descriptions below for embodiments regarding an ADSD, an RMS, and/or an SSS.
An FAS may comprise a number of components, which may be integrated together, or may be separated and located at different places. For example, in one implementation, an FAS may comprise a processor and/or other electronics, a 3D sensor, and/or a touch sensor, which may all be integrated together and located on a firearm. In another implementation, an FAS may comprise a processor and/or other electronics, a 3D sensor, and/or a touch sensor, wherein the 3D sensor and touch sensor may be located on a firearm while the processor and/or other electronics is located remotely from the firearm. Such components may communicate among one another via wireless signals (e.g., Bluetooth), for example. In yet another implementation, an FAS may comprise a processor and/or other electronics, a 3D sensor, and/or a touch sensor, wherein the 3D sensor and touch sensor may be located on a firearm remotely from the processor and/or other electronics, which is also located on the firearm. Such components may communicate among one another via wireless signals (e.g., Bluetooth), or wired signals, for example.
Detecting a gunshot may comprise receiving sound waves or shock waves at a sensor (e.g., microphone, piezoelectric (PZT) device, or accelerometer, just to name a few examples), and determining whether the sound or shock waves were produced by a gunshot of the firearm. For example, the sound or shock waves may be converted (e.g., by a microphone, PZT device, accelerometer, or other transducer device) to an electronic signal comprising a sound signature. An accelerometer attached to a portion of a firearm, for example, may detect recoil of the shooting firearm. Such recoil may comprise an identifiable motion signature (e.g., firearm suddenly accelerated backward). A processor, or other electronics, of the FAS, for example, may compare a sound signature with a number of sound signatures stored in a memory of an FAS. Amplitude and/or frequency distribution in time or frequency space may be analyzed using code executable by a processor, for example. The particular firearm to which the FAS (or a portion thereof) is attached may produce a particular sound signature that is different from a sound signature produced by discharge of another firearm, even if the firearms are firing the same types of rounds, for example. In one implementation, a sound signature of a gunshot of the firearm to which the FAS is attached may be different from a gunshot of another firearm because the intensity of a shock or sound wave may be greater from the gunshot produced by the firearm to which the FAS is attached compared to other firearms in the vicinity, for example. Further, a gunshot of one firearm will not produce recoil of another firearm.
The method may further comprise sensing the aim direction of the firearm substantially at the time of detecting a gunshot (e.g., when a shooter fires the firearm). A gunshot means discharge of a firearm, so that a round (e.g., bullet or shot) is activated or discharged and the firearm fires the bullet or shot out of the firearm in the aim direction set forth by the shooter. Aim direction may be sensed by a position sensor using 3D sensing technology, such as that used in Wii gaming, by Nintendo Corporation of Japan, for example. 3D sensing technology may use gyroscopic or accelerometer techniques in some examples. Single- and multi-axis models of accelerometers may detect magnitude and/or direction of acceleration (e.g., g-force), as a vector quantity, and may be used to sense orientation (e.g., because direction of weight changes), coordinate acceleration (e.g., if it produces g-force or a change in g-force), vibration, shock, and falling in a resistive medium (a case where the proper acceleration changes, since it starts at zero, then increases). In an implementation, an accelerometer, such as a micro-machined accelerometer, may be used in or by an FAS to detect the position and/or orientation of the device.
The method may further include setting a reference aim direction based, at least in part, on the aim direction sensed when the gunshot was detected, for example. In other implementations, a reference aim direction may be manually selected by a user, or a reference aim direction may be reset upon or after a subsequent gunshot is detected. Such resetting based, at least in part, on subsequent gunshots may help to avoid undesirable accumulation errors that 3D sensors may experience over time. Accumulation errors may involve loss of accuracy of orientation with respect to a reference direction, for example.
In the method, a shooter's current aim direction of the firearm may be sensed continuously or from time to time. For example, aim direction may be sensed about a few times per second. A processor or other types of electronics in the FAS may compare current aim direction to the reference aim direction (e.g., the aim direction of the firearm when a gunshot was fired). An alarm, which may be audible or visible to a user or other people in the vicinity, may be initiated if a current aim direction is beyond a threshold angle of displacement from the reference aim direction. Threshold angles of displacement may be defined by criteria a priori established and stored in a memory of the FAS. Threshold angles may define aim violation directions. Threshold angles may comprise horizontal angles of displacement from a reference aim direction and may comprise angles of displacement from horizontal, as defined by gravity, for example. Herein, angles of displacement from horizontal are called azimuthal angles. For a numeric example, if a reference aim direction is defined to be at zero degrees, an aim violation may be considered to occur if the aim direction of the firearm is greater than 60 degrees horizontally to the right or to the left of the axis of the firearm. It may be clear that a gun pointing greater than 60 degrees toward the right or left of a shooter may be dangerous for persons standing to the sides of a shooter. Thus, in this case, a horizontal threshold angle may be 60 degrees. A horizontal threshold angle may depend, at least in part, on azimuthal angle. For example, if a firearm is pointing downward, than a horizontal threshold angle may increase from 60 degrees to 80 degrees, just to give some numeric examples. Different venues (e.g., shooting clubs, shooting ranges, parent teaching children to shoot, instructors teaching adults to shoot, and so on) may develop different criteria and different horizontal and azimuthal threshold angles. In such cases, dangers of a shooter aiming a firearm in a direction that violates a particular shooting club's rules, for example, may be questionable or debatable. However, an FAS may nevertheless be useful for enforcing such rules regarding how a shooter operates or controls his firearm.
In one embodiment, an intensity of an alarm may be based, at least in part, on horizontal and/or azimuthal angles of displacement from a reference aim direction. For example, an alarm may sound at a first intensity if a current aim direction just exceeds threshold angles (e.g., if the firearm is determined to be violating aim criteria). The intensity of the alarm may increase as a horizontal and/or azimuthal angle of displacement from the reference aim direction increases. In other words, the more a firearm is violating aim criteria, the louder an alarm may be.
In one embodiment, an FAS may be capable of, and a method may include, detecting a sound signature of a round being loaded into a chamber of a firearm. Detecting a round being loaded into a chamber may comprise receiving sound waves or shock waves at a sensor (e.g., microphone or piezoelectric (PZT) device, just to name a few examples), and determining whether the sound or shock waves were produced by a round being loaded into a chamber of the firearm. For example, the sound or shock waves may be converted (e.g., by a microphone, PZT device, or other transducer device) to an electronic signal comprising a sound signature. A processor, or other electronics, of the FAS, for example, may compare a sound signature with a number of sound signatures stored in a memory of an FAS. Amplitude and/or frequency distribution in time or frequency space may be analyzed using code executable by a processor, for example. The particular firearm to which the FAS is attached may produce a particular sound signature that is different from a sound signature produced by a round being loaded into a chamber of another firearm, even if the firearms are being loaded with the same types of rounds, for example. In one implementation, a sound signature of a round being loaded into a chamber of the firearm to which the FAS is attached may be different from a round being loaded into a chamber of another firearm because the intensity of a shock or sound wave may be greater from the round being loaded into a chamber of the firearm to which the FAS is attached compared to that of other firearms in the vicinity, for example.
In one implementation, the intensity of an alarm may be based, at least in part, on detecting that a round is in a chamber of the firearm (e.g., detecting a sound signature of a round being loaded into a chamber of a firearm). For example, an alarm may be louder if a round is determined by the FAS to be in the chamber of the firearm compared to the case of an empty chamber.
In one embodiment, an FAS may be capable of, and a method may include, detecting if a finger of a user is on or near a trigger of the firearm to which the FAS is attached. For example, as explained below, an FAS may include a trigger finger rest pad comprising a touch sensor that a user touches while the user is not intending to touch a trigger of the firearm. In one implementation, the intensity of an alarm may be based, at least in part, on detecting if a finger is on or near a trigger of the firearm. For example, an alarm may be louder if a finger is on the trigger compared to the case where the finger is not on or near the trigger.
In some embodiments, a reference aim direction may be set by a user, and an FAS need not have a capability to detect sounds or shocks. For example, an FAS may initiate an alarm if a shooter's aim direction of a firearm is in an unsafe angular range, relative to a reference aim direction a priori set manually by a user.
In an embodiment, a sensor, herein called a 3D sensor, may comprise one or more accelerometers, one or more inertial sensors, and/or one or more gyroscopes (e.g., MEMS gyroscopes). Such a sensor, which may comprise a solid state chip and/or integrated circuit package may sense the following of an object that it is attached to, such as a firearm: tilt and rotation up and down; tilt and rotation left and right; rotation along a main axis (e.g., as with a screwdriver twist); acceleration up and down; acceleration left and right; acceleration toward a point and away from the point; and so on. A sensor may comprise, for example, three accelerometers to measure acceleration or displacement in each of the three orthogonal axes. Accordingly, a sensor affixed to a firearm may sense such motions or orientations relative to a reference direction, such as a particular target at a firing range, for example.
In an embodiment, MEMS inertial accelerometers may comprise a mass-spring system, which may reside in a vacuum. Exerting acceleration on the accelerometer may result in a displacement of the mass in the spring system. The displacement of the mass may depend, at least in part, on the mass-spring system, so a calibration may be needed. Read-out may be via a capacitive system. MEMS accelerometers may be available in 1D, 2D and 3D versions.
In an embodiment, inertial gyroscopes may be found in various classes, such as Ring Laser Gyroscopes (RLG), Fiber Optic Gyros (FOG), and MEMS Gyroscopes. MEMS gyroscopes may comprise a small vibrating mass that oscillates at e.g. 10's of kHz. The mass may be suspended in a spring system, and readout may be via a capacitive system as it is in accelerometers. If the gyroscope is rotated, the rotation may exert a perpendicular Coriolis-force on the mass that may be larger if the mass is further away from the center of rotation. The oscillating mass thus may lead to a different read-out on either side of the oscillation, which may be a measure for rate of turn.
In an embodiment, some commercial devices, such as piezoelectric, piezoresistive, and/or capacitive components may be used to convert mechanical motion into an electrical signal. Piezoelectric accelerometers may use piezoceramics (e.g. lead zirconate titanate) or single crystals (e.g. quartz, tourmaline). Piezoceramics may be desirable in terms of their upper frequency range, low packaged weight and high temperature range. Piezoresistive accelerometers may be desirable for high shock applications. Capacitive accelerometers may use a silicon micro-machined sensing element. Their performance may be desirable in a low frequency range and they may be operated in servo mode to achieve high stability and linearity, for example.
In an embodiment, accelerometers may comprise relatively small micro electro-mechanical systems (MEMS), and may include a cantilever beam with a proof mass (also known as seismic mass). Damping may result from residual gas sealed in the device. As long as the Q-factor is not too low, damping need not result in a lower sensitivity. Under the influence of external accelerations the proof mass may deflect from its neutral position. This deflection may be measured in an analog or digital manner. For example, the capacitance between a set of fixed beams and a set of beams attached to the proof mass may be measured. Integrating piezoresistors in the springs to detect spring deformation, and thus deflection, may be a good alternative, although a few more process steps may be involved during a fabrication sequence.
In an embodiment, micromechanical accelerometers may operate in-plane, that is, they may be designed to be sensitive only to a direction in a plane of the die. By integrating two devices perpendicularly on a single die, a two-axis accelerometer may be made. By adding an additional out-of-plane device three axes may be measured. Such a combination may have lower misalignment error than three discrete models combined after packaging. Micromechanical accelerometers may be commercially available in a wide variety of measuring ranges, reaching up to thousands of g's. A designer may face a compromise between sensitivity and maximum acceleration that may be measured.
A 3D sensor may be relatively small, and mountable on a firearm. The 3D sensor may include a transmitter to transmit wireless electronic signals to an FAS. For example, a 3D sensor may be about the size of a thick coin (e.g., about 2 centimeters diameter and about 0.5 or 1.0 centimeters thick), or about the size of a small cube (e.g., about 2.0 cubic centimeters), just to give a few examples. Of course, a sensor may have any dimensions, and claimed subject matter is not so limited to any particular sizes or shapes. A 3D sensor may include a self-adhesive portion so that the 3D sensor may be affixed to a portion of a firearm using an adhesive, such as illustrated in
An FAS may provide a number of benefits. For example, beginning shooters at firing ranges may have a dangerous habit or lack of discipline of pointing a gun in directions other than a general direction of a target. An FAS may reinforce good habits of shooters by sounding an alarm if the shooter aims the firearm in a dangerous direction. Moreover, an FAS may help to reinforce good habits of a shooter by silencing an alarm in response to the shooter correcting his/her aim to a safe direction (e.g., toward a target of a shooting range). Accordingly, interaction of the behavior of an FAS with the behavior of a shooter may teach the shooter safe firearm practices.
An FAS may be considered as a teaching tool for teachers or a self-teaching tool for students or beginning shooters. An FAS may provide a benefit to shooting instructors in teaching safe shooting skills to students. For example, an instructor's attention need not be mostly limited to observing a single student's aim of a firearm. An FAS may assist an instructor by sounding an alarm if one of one or more students aims a gun in a dangerous direction: The instructor may hear the alarm of a dangerous aim of a gun even if the instructor did not see such an aim occur. Also, in another example, an FAS may record aim violations (e.g., number of occurrences) so that an instructor may evaluate a student at the “end of a day”. Of course, such benefits are merely examples, and claimed subject matter is not so limited.
Handgun 650, for example, need not include a mounting rail. Handgun 650 may include a trigger guard 670, and a trigger 680. An FAS/FAS sensor 660 may include a bracket or clamp 665 or other connection means to be mounted on any portion of a firearm, such as on trigger guard 670. In another implementation, an FAS/FAS sensor need not include a mounting bracket or such hardware: an FAS/FAS sensor may be self-adhesive, or associated sensors (e.g., 3D sensor, touch sensor, etc.) may be self-adhesive.
An output port 1170 may comprise a wireless transmitter, mini- or micro-USB port or other wired connection, or a headphone jack (e.g., monaural or stereo). The device may further comprise electronics 1131 configured to perform processes of detecting a shooter's aim direction of a firearm and initiating a warning of an aim violation. For example, electronics 1131 may comprise a processor configured to execute code to perform processes, such as 1700, described herein. FAS 1100 may be capable of monitoring positions, aim directions, and so on of more than one shooters' firearm at a time, for example, and claimed subject matter is not limited in this respect. For example, FAS 1100 may be able to keep track of more than one shooters' firearm at a time, and maintain respective data associated with individual firearms.
FAS 1100, comprising a Smartphone, for example, may include an application (e.g., executable code) to enable the Smartphone to perform tasks and process, such as 1700. FAS 1100 may further communicate with a touch sensor mounted on a firearm (or touch sensors mounted on multiple firearms), in addition to position sensors mounted on the firearm (or firearms). As mentioned above, an FAS need not involve a touch sensor, but if an FAS does involve a touch sensor, a Smartphone operating as an FAS may wirelessly receive signals from a touch sensor that indicate whether a user's trigger finger is touching the sensor.
In the embodiment described above, a shooter may operate a firearm that includes a position sensor mounted on the firearm. Then an FAS may be placed in a pocket of the shooter or on a person near the shooter (e.g., a shooting instructor). Though a Smartphone was described above in example embodiments, an FAS need not comprise a Smartphone, but may comprise an electronic device dedicated to operating as an FAS, for example.
An FAS may use a combination of azimuthal and horizontal angles to define a shooter's aim direction of a firearm. Accordingly, for example, an aim direction of a firearm may be defined using both azimuthal and horizontal angles. A shooter's aim violations may be defined by the combination of both azimuthal and horizontal angles—merely one of these angles may not be sufficient to determine whether a firearm is pointed in a dangerous direction, for example. In an implementation, for an individual value of azimuthal angle, there may be a range of horizontal angles that may be considered in a safe zone for particular criteria. For example, at azimuth of zero degrees (e.g., firearm at horizontal aim direction), safety criteria may specify that a safe range of horizontal angles is between 70 degrees to the left and 70 degrees to the right. However, at azimuth of 80 degrees below horizontal, safety criteria may specify that a safe range of horizontal angles is between 90 degrees to the left and 90 degrees to the right. For example, the range of safe horizontal angles may increase as a firearm is pointed increasingly downward.
Different shooting venues (e.g., different shooting clubs, shooting ranges, open area, outdoors, and so on) may abide by different safety criteria. For example, one shooting club may forbid a shooter's firearm to be pointed upward as a “neutral” position, preferring instead to have a firearm pointed downward toward the ground. On the other hand, another shooting club may allow a shooter to point a gun upward or downward as a “neutral” position. One shooting range may prefer a shooter's firearm aim to be limited to a horizontal angular range within 60 degrees of a target, while another shooting range may relax such a limitation to a horizontal angular range up to 80 degrees of a target, just to name some examples. An FAS may store in its memory multiple safety criteria for a number of types of venues. A user may manually select the proper safety criteria for the current shooting venue. In another implementation, an FAS may automatically (e.g., without user input or action) select proper safety criteria by determining where the FAS is located. For example, an FAS, for example if the FAS comprises a Smartphone, may determine its location using a satellite position system, WiFi, Bluetooth, wireless signal strength heatmaps, triangulation of access point signals, and so on. The FAS may correlate its determined position with locations of particular venues stored in its memory. Thus, for example, an FAS may determine that it is located at particular latitude/longitude coordinates, find a match of these coordinates with a location of a shooting range, and select safety criteria for the shooting range. In another implementation, an FAS may receive wireless signals transmitted by an access point or other transmitter at a venue: the wireless signals may comprise information regarding safety criteria used at the venue. The FAS may download the safety criteria to its memory or may receive a code that indicates to the FAS which criteria (which may already be stored in memory of the FAS) to use for the venue.
In one implementation, subsequent shots may be fired, but the reference aim direction will not change. In another implementation, the reference aim direction may be reset with each subsequent shot, or perhaps every third shot, or every tenth shot, etc., just to give a few examples. Thus, at T2, a subsequent shot may be used to reset the reference aim direction: the new reference aim direction may comprise the aim direction at the time of the subsequent gunshot, for example. At T3, another subsequent shot may again be used to reset the reference aim direction.
As explained for FAS 1500, FAS 1600 may include one or more buttons 1620 to allow a user to reset reference aim direction, select safety criteria, hush or test alarms, and so on. An output 1625 may comprise an alarm, which may in turn comprise a speaker or a light, such as a light emitting diode (LED), for example. Output 1625 may also comprise a display or LED indicator lights to allow a user to determine various status issue of the FAS, such as battery life, on/off, safety criteria being used, memory contents, and so on. Input 1630 may comprise a speaker to receive sound or shock waves from gunshots, sounds of a round being loaded into a chamber of a firearm, and so on. FAS 1600 may include a USB port 1601 for transferring electronic signals representing shooting history, shooting statistics, safety criteria, and so on.
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An accelerometer 2418 may be used to sense or detect orientation or position of a firearm. An accelerometer 2418 may also be used to sense kickback or shock from discharging a round (e.g., gunshot). For example, accelerometer 2418 may sense a position displacement of a firearm resulting from the firearm firing a round. Processor 2412 may use electronic signals generated by accelerometer 2418 to determine that the firearm discharged a round. In some implementations, sound sensor 2411 may be used by a processor to sense a gunshot using sound signatures stored in memory 2413, for example. In some implementations, accelerometer 2418 and sound sensor 2411 may comprise a single element, such as if sound sensor 2411 detects shock waves, for example. In one implementation, an FAS, which may comprise a portion of system 2400, may learn a sound signature of gunshots. For example, a user may set a particular operation mode where the FAS “listens” for a gunshot and records the sound signature of the gunshot. The FAS may quantify the sound into a signature that is stored in memory and used to compare with subsequent gunshot sounds, for example. In another implementation, an FAS may learn a sound signature of a round being loaded into a chamber of a firearm. For example, a user may set a particular operation mode where the FAS “listens” for a round being loaded into a chamber of a firearm and records the sound signature of the round being loaded. The FAS may quantify the sound into a signature that is stored in memory and used to compare with subsequent sounds of rounds being loaded, for example.
Touch sensor 2417 may comprise a trigger finger rest pad and may detect whether a finger is touching it. Touch sensor 2417 may provide electrical signals to processor 2412 that indicate to the processor whether or not a finger is touching the touch sensor. Processor 2412 may then execute code to respond any of a number of particular ways. For example, if an aim direction violates safety criteria but a finger is touching touch sensor 2417, which may mean that there is no finger on a trigger, then processor 2412 need not initiate an alarm. On the other hand, if an aim direction violates safety criteria and a finger is not touching touch sensor 2417, which may mean that there is a finger on a trigger, then processor 2412 may initiate an alarm. In one implementation, touch sensor 2417 may comprise part of a trigger so that a signal from such a touch sensor may indicate whether a finger is touching the trigger or not.
Display/alarm 2416 may comprise an audio alarm, such as a speaker. 2416 may also comprise one or more LEDs so that a visual alarm may comprise a lit LED, for example. Display/alarm 2416 may comprise a visual display, such as an LCD display, which may be used to display various things, such as battery level, system status, aim angle relative to a reference aim angle, number of shots fired (e.g., number of shots detected), and so on. If a portion of system 2400 comprises a smartphone, then Display/alarm 2416 may comprise a touchscreen display and speaker of the smartphone, for example.
Memory 2413 may store sound signatures, such as for rounds being loaded into a firing chamber of a firearm, gunshots from one or more firearms, and so on. Memory 2413 may also store safety criteria for a number of venues or circumstances. Memory 2413 may also store details of shooting history, for example.
A user interface 2415 may include a keypad, mouse, or touchscreen by which a user may provide operational instructions to system 2400. UI 2415 may comprise a visual display, such as an LCD display, which may be used to display various things, such as battery level, system status, aim angle relative to a reference aim angle, number of shots fired (e.g., number of shots detected), and so on. UI 2415 may also comprise buttons, switches, etc., such as buttons 1520 and 1620 illustrated in
An actuator 2414, which may be operated by processor 2412, may be used to manipulate a firing mechanism of a firearm so as to prevent the firearm from being able to fire a round. Some embodiments are illustrated in
In one embodiment, at least a portion of system 2400 may record gunshots to develop a firing history. For example, time of day and aim direction of individual shots may be recorded and saved in memory to develop a shooting history. Aim violations may also be recorded to develop a history of aim violations, which may include time of day and aim angle of individual violations. In one implementation, for example, portions of system 2400 may comprise a smartphone, touchpad, laptop, etc. In one example, a smartphone, laptop, server, etc. may be used to monitor shooting of multiple shooters at the same time. For example, Bluetooth technology may be used to wirelessly transmit signals among multiple sensors respectively attached to multiple firearms and one or more FASs, comprising a server, laptop, or smartphone or dedicated unit. Acting as an FAS, a smartphone may be located remotely from a firearm, such as in a shooter's pocket, and so on. The smartphone may include a microphone comprising a sound or shock sensor 2411. An accelerometer 2418 may be located (e.g., attached) to the firearm. The accelerometer may communicate to the smartphone wirelessly. In one implementation, an initial gunshot may be used to set a reference aim direction. For example, the smartphone may detect a gunshot and also receive electronic wireless signals from an accelerometer attached on the firearm. A processor of the smartphone may set a reference aim direction based, at least in part, on the aim direction of the firearm at the time the gunshot was fired. The smartphone may detect subsequent gunshots from the firearm, identifying the gunshots, perhaps, by their sound signature. The smartphone may record the time of day of the individual gunshots and the aim direction of the individual gunshots. The aim direction may be ascertained since the smartphone may receive electronic wireless signals from the accelerometer (at some sampling rate) indicating orientation, and thus aim angle, of the firearm. The smartphone may save such measurements in memory 2413. Shooting history may be displayed via UI 2415, for example. Shooting history data may be uploaded from a smartphone via a micro-USB port or any other type of communication port, for example.
In one embodiment, an FAS, which may comprise at least a portion of system 2400, may record gunshots to develop a firing history. For example, time of day and aim direction of individual shots may be recorded and saved in memory to develop a shooting history. Aim violations may also be recorded to develop a history of aim violations, which may include time of day and aim angle of individual violations. An FAS may be located remotely from a firearm, such as in a shooter's pocket, and so on. The FAS may include a microphone comprising a sound or shock sensor 2411. An accelerometer 2418 may be located (e.g., attached) to the firearm. The accelerometer may communicate to the FAS wirelessly. In one implementation, an initial gunshot may be used to set a reference aim direction. For example, the FAS may detect a gunshot and also receive electronic wireless signals from an accelerometer attached on the firearm. A processor of the FAS may set a reference aim direction based, at least in part, on the aim direction of the firearm at the time the gunshot was fired. The FAS may detect subsequent gunshots from the firearm, identifying the gunshots, perhaps, by their sound signature. The FAS may record the time of day of the individual gunshots and the aim direction of the individual gunshots. The aim direction may be ascertained since the FAS may receive electronic wireless signals from the accelerometer (at some sampling rate) indicating orientation, and thus aim angle, of the firearm. The FAS may save such measurements in memory 2413. Shooting history may be displayed via UI 2415, for example. Shooting history data may be uploaded from an FAS via a USB port or any other type of communication port, for example.
In one embodiment, an FAS, which may comprise at least a portion of system 2400, may record gunshots to develop a firing history of multiple shooters at the same time. For example, time of day and aim direction of individual shots may be recorded and saved in memory to develop a shooting history of multiple users at the same time. Aim violations may also be recorded to develop a history of aim violations, which may include time of day and aim angle of individual violations. An FAS may be located remotely from multiple firearms, such as at an observer station of a shooting range, and so on. The FAS may include a microphone comprising a sound or shock sensor 2411. Accelerometers 2418 may be located (e.g., attached) to respective firearms. The accelerometers may communicate to the FAS wirelessly. Individual accelerometers may be identified by unique electronic serial numbers or other coding, for example. In one implementation, an initial gunshot of individual firearms may be used to set a reference aim direction for the respective individual firearms. For example, the FAS may detect a gunshot and also receive electronic wireless signals from an accelerometer attached on the firearm. A processor of the FAS may set a reference aim direction based, at least in part, on the aim direction of the firearm at the time the gunshot was fired. The FAS may detect subsequent gunshots from the particular firearm, identifying the gunshots, perhaps, by their sound signature. The FAS may record the time of day of the individual gunshots of individual firearms and the aim direction of the individual gunshots. The aim direction may be ascertained since the FAS may receive electronic wireless signals from the accelerometer (at some sampling rate) indicating orientation, and thus aim angle, of the firearm. The FAS may save such measurements in memory 2413. Shooting history of multiple shooters on multiple firearms may be displayed via UI 2415, for example. Shooting history data may be uploaded from an FAS via a USB port or any other type of communication port, for example.
In one implementation, which may be useful for practice aiming a firearm, an alarm may indicate if the firearm is aimed substantially toward a target. For example, after a reference aim direction is set and stored in memory, an LED may light if the aim direction is within a range of angles from the reference aim direction. For example, if the aim direction is within 2.0 degrees of the reference aim direction (which may be assumed to be the direction of a target), then an LED may light. Of course, other variables may be that an LED lights if aim direction is not in the angle range, etc. In one further implementation, a brightness of an LED may be based, at least in part, on aim direction relative to a reference aim direction. For example, the more true an aim is to a target, the brighter the LED may be. Of course, such details of system 2400 are merely examples, and claimed subject matter is not so limited.
It is recognized that all or part of the various devices illustrated in system 2600, and the processes and methods as further described herein, may be implemented using or otherwise including at least one of hardware, firmware, or software, other than software by itself. Thus, by way of example, but not limitation, computing device 2604 may include at least one processing unit 2620 that is operatively coupled to memory 2622 through a bus 2640 and a host or memory controller 2615. Processing unit 2620 is representative of one or more devices capable of performing at least a portion of a computing procedure or process, such as process 2000, for example. By way of example, but not limitation, processing unit 2620 may include one or more processors, microprocessors, controllers, application specific integrated circuits, digital signal processors, programmable logic devices, field programmable gate arrays, and the like, or any combination thereof. Processing unit 2620 may include an operating system to be executed that is capable of communication with memory controller 2615.
In one embodiment, processing unit 2620 may execute code to receive signals from a sound sensor and detect a sound signature of a gunshot from a firearm based, at least in part, on the signals from the sound sensor; receive signals from a 3D sensor, such as an accelerometer, and detect an aim direction of the firearm substantially at the time of detecting the sound signature of the gunshot; set a reference direction based, at least in part, on the aim direction; periodically receive signals from the 3D sensor to detect a current aim direction of the firearm; compare a current aim direction to the reference direction; and initiate an alarm if the current aim direction is beyond a threshold angle of displacement from the reference direction.
An operating system may, for example, generate commands to be sent to memory controller 2615 over or via bus 2640. Commands may comprise read or write commands, for example.
Memory 2622 is representative of any information storage mechanism. Memory may store rules or criteria, signals applied to a subject, output from detectors measuring parameters of a subject, and so on, as explained above. Memory 2622 may include, for example, a primary memory 2624 or a secondary memory 2626. Primary memory 2624 may include, for example, a random access memory, read only memory, etc. While illustrated in this example as being separate from processing unit 2620, it should be understood that all or part of primary memory 2624 may be provided within or otherwise co-located or coupled with processing unit 2620.
Secondary memory 2626 may include, for example, the same or similar type of memory as primary memory or one or more other types of information storage devices or systems, such as a disk drive, an optical disc drive, a tape drive, a solid state memory drive, etc. In certain implementations, secondary memory 2626 may be operatively receptive of, or otherwise capable of being operatively coupled to a computer-readable medium 2628. Computer-readable medium 2628 may include, for example, any medium that is able to store, carry, or make accessible readable, writable, or rewritable information, code, or instructions for one or more of device in system 2600. Computing device 2604 may include, for example, an input/output device or unit 2632.
Input/output unit or device 2632 is representative of one or more devices or features that may be capable of accepting or otherwise receiving signal inputs from a human or a machine, or one or more devices or features that may be capable of delivering or otherwise providing signal outputs to be received by a human or a machine. By way of example but not limitation, input/output device 2632 may include a display, speaker, keyboard, mouse, trackball, touchscreen, etc.
In some embodiments, general-purpose processor(s) 2711, memory 2740, DSP(s) 2712 and/or specialized processors (not illustrated) may also be utilized to process signals acquired via transceivers 2721.
Also illustrated in
In one implementation, for example, one or more machine-readable instructions stored in memory 2740 may be executable by a processor(s) 2711 to perform processes such as process 1700. In another implementation, for example, one or more machine-readable instructions stored in memory 2740 may be executable by a processor(s) 2711 to: receive signals from a sound sensor and detect a sound signature of a gunshot from a firearm based, at least in part, on the signals from the sound sensor; receive signals from a 3D sensor, such as an accelerometer, and detect an aim direction of the firearm substantially at the time of detecting the sound signature of the gunshot; set a reference direction based, at least in part, on the aim direction; periodically receive signals from the 3D sensor to detect a current aim direction of the firearm; compare a current aim direction to the reference direction; and initiate an alarm if the current aim direction is beyond a threshold angle of displacement from the reference direction.
Memory 2740 may comprise a non-transitory processor-readable memory and/or a computer-readable memory that stores software code (programming code, instructions, etc.) that are executable by processor(s) 2711 and/or DSP(s) 2712 to perform functions described herein.
Also illustrated in
FAS 2700 may also comprise sensors 2760 coupled to bus 2701 which may include, for example, inertial sensors and environment sensors that may be used to detect sounds, firearm orientations, and so on, as described above. Inertial sensors of sensors 2760 may comprise, for example accelerometers (e.g., collectively responding to acceleration of a firearm in three dimensions), one or more gyroscopes, or one or more magnetometers (e.g., to support one or more compass applications). Environment sensors of FAS 2700 may comprise, for example, temperature sensors, capacitive touch sensors, ambient light sensors, camera imagers, and microphones, just to name few examples. Sensors 2760 may generate analog or digital signals that may be stored in memory 2740 and processed by DPS(s) or general purpose processor 2711 in support of one or more applications such as, for example, applications directed to positioning or navigation operations.
In a particular implementation, FAS 2700 may comprise a dedicated modem processor 2766 capable of performing baseband processing of signals received and downconverted at wireless transceiver 2721 or SPS receiver 2755. Similarly, modem processor 2766 may perform baseband processing of signals to be upconverted for transmission by wireless transceiver 2721. In alternative implementations, instead of having a dedicated modem processor, baseband processing may be performed by a general purpose processor or DSP (e.g., general purpose/application processor 2711 or DSP(s) 2712). It should be understood, however, that these are merely examples of structures that may perform baseband processing, and that claimed subject matter is not limited in this respect.
First device 2802, second device 2804 and third device 2806, as illustrated in
Similarly, wireless communications network 2808, as illustrated in
It is recognized that all or part of the various devices and networks illustrated in system 2800, and the processes and methods as further described herein, may be implemented using or otherwise including hardware, firmware, software, or any combination thereof.
Thus, by way of example but not limitation, second device 2804 may include at least one processing unit 2820 that is operatively coupled to a memory 2822 through a bus 2828. In one implementation, for example, one or more machine-readable instructions stored in memory 2822 may be executable by processing unit 2820 to: receive signals from a sound sensor and detect a sound signature of a gunshot from a firearm based, at least in part, on the signals from the sound sensor; receive signals from a 3D sensor, such as an accelerometer, and detect an aim direction of the firearm substantially at the time of detecting the sound signature of the gunshot; set a reference direction based, at least in part, on the aim direction; periodically receive signals from the 3D sensor to detect a current aim direction of the firearm; compare a current aim direction to the reference direction; and initiate an alarm if the current aim direction is beyond a threshold angle of displacement from the reference direction.
Processing unit 2820 is representative of one or more circuits configurable to perform at least a portion of a data computing procedure or process. By way of example but not limitation, processing unit 2820 may include one or more processors, controllers, microprocessors, microcontrollers, application specific integrated circuits, digital signal processors, programmable logic devices, field programmable gate arrays, and the like, or any combination thereof. In certain embodiments, processes such 1700, for example, may be performed by processing unit 2820. In other embodiments, input/output 2832 may provide a means for obtaining measurements of one or more sensors located on a firearm via wireless signals by an FAS while located in a signal environment.
Memory 2822 is representative of any data storage mechanism. Memory 2822 may include, for example, a primary memory 2824 or a secondary memory 2826. Primary memory 2824 may include, for example, a random access memory, read only memory, etc. While illustrated in this example as being separate from processing unit 2820, it should be understood that all or part of primary memory 2824 may be provided within or otherwise co-located/coupled with processing unit 2820.
Secondary memory 2826 may include, for example, the same or similar type of memory as primary memory or one or more data storage devices or systems, such as, for example, a disk drive, an optical disc drive, a tape drive, a solid state memory drive, etc. In certain implementations, secondary memory 2826 may be operatively receptive of, or otherwise configurable to couple to, a computer-readable medium 2840. Computer-readable medium 2840 may include, for example, any non-transitory medium that can carry or make accessible data, code or instructions for one or more of the devices in system 2800. Computer-readable medium 2840 may also be referred to as a storage medium.
Second device 2804 may include, for example, a communication interface 2830 that provides for or otherwise supports the operative coupling of second device 2804 to at least wireless communications network 2808. By way of example but not limitation, communication interface 2830 may include a network interface device or card, a modem, a router, a switch, a transceiver, and the like.
Second device 2804 may include, for example, an input/output device 2832. Input/output device 2832 is representative of one or more devices or features that may be configurable to accept or otherwise introduce human or machine inputs, or one or more devices or features that may be configurable to deliver or otherwise provide for human or machine outputs. By way of example but not limitation, input/output device 2832 may include an operatively configured display, speaker, keyboard, mouse, trackball, touch screen, data port, etc.
The methodologies described herein may be implemented by various means depending upon applications according to particular examples. For example, such methodologies may be implemented in hardware, firmware, software, or combinations thereof. In a hardware implementation, for example, a processing unit may be implemented within one or more application specific integrated circuits (“ASICs”), digital signal processors (“DSPs”), digital signal processing devices (“DSPDs”), programmable logic devices (“PLDs”), field programmable gate arrays (“FPGAs”), processors, controllers, micro-controllers, microprocessors, electronic devices, other devices units designed to perform the functions described herein, or combinations thereof.
Some portions of the detailed description included herein are presented in terms of algorithms or symbolic representations of operations on binary digital signals stored within a memory of a specific apparatus or special purpose computing device or platform. In the context of this particular specification, the term specific apparatus or the like includes a general purpose computer once it is programmed to perform particular operations pursuant to instructions from program software. Algorithmic descriptions or symbolic representations are examples of techniques used by those of ordinary skill in the signal processing or related arts to convey the substance of their work to others skilled in the art. An algorithm is here, and generally, is considered to be a self-consistent sequence of operations or similar signal processing leading to a desired result. In this context, operations or processing involve physical manipulation of physical quantities. Typically, although not necessarily, such quantities may take the form of electrical or magnetic signals capable of being stored, transferred, combined, compared or otherwise manipulated. It has proven convenient at times, principally for reasons of common usage, to refer to such signals as bits, data, values, elements, symbols, characters, terms, numbers, numerals, or the like. It should be understood, however, that all of these or similar terms are to be associated with appropriate physical quantities and are merely convenient labels. Unless specifically stated otherwise, as apparent from the discussion herein, it is appreciated that throughout this specification discussions utilizing terms such as “processing,” “computing,” “calculating,” “determining” or the like refer to actions or processes of a specific apparatus, such as a special purpose computer, special purpose computing apparatus or a similar special purpose electronic computing device. In the context of this specification, therefore, a special purpose computer or a similar special purpose electronic computing device is capable of manipulating or transforming signals, typically represented as physical electronic or magnetic quantities within memories, registers, or other information storage devices, transmission devices, or display devices of the special purpose computer or similar special purpose electronic computing device.
Wireless communication techniques described herein may be in connection with various wireless communications networks such as a wireless wide area network (“WWAN”), a wireless local area network (“WLAN”), a wireless personal area network (WPAN), and so on. The term “network” and “system” may be used interchangeably herein. A WWAN may be a Code Division Multiple Access (“CDMA”) network, a Time Division Multiple Access (“TDMA”) network, a Frequency Division Multiple Access (“FDMA”) network, an Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (“OFDMA”) network, a Single-Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (“SC-FDMA”) network, or any combination of the above networks, and so on. A CDMA network may implement one or more radio access technologies (“RATs”) such as cdma2000, Wideband-CDMA (“W-CDMA”), to name just a few radio technologies. Here, cdma2000 may include technologies implemented according to IS-95, IS-2000, and IS-856 standards. A TDMA network may implement Global System for Mobile Communications (“GSM”), Digital Advanced Mobile Phone System (“D-AMPS”), or some other RAT. GSM and W-CDMA are described in documents from a consortium named “3rd Generation Partnership Project” (“3GPP”). Cdma2000 is described in documents from a consortium named “3rd Generation Partnership Project 2” (“3GPP2”). 3GPP and 3GPP2 documents are publicly available. 4G Long Term Evolution (“LTE”) communications networks may also be implemented in accordance with claimed subject matter, in an aspect. A WLAN may comprise an IEEE 802.11x network, and a WPAN may comprise a Bluetooth network, an IEEE 802.15x, for example. Wireless communication implementations described herein may also be used in connection with any combination of WWAN, WLAN or WPAN.
In another aspect, as previously mentioned, a wireless transmitter or access point may comprise a femto cell, utilized to extend cellular telephone service into a business or home. In such an implementation, one or more FASs may communicate with a femto cell via a code division multiple access (“CDMA”) cellular communication protocol, for example, and the femto cell may provide the FAS access to a larger cellular telecommunication network by way of another broadband network such as the Internet.
In some embodiments, an FAS may perform a number of operations to measure various parameters associated with recoil or kickback of a firearm. The aim direction of the firearm at the time of the gunshot may be used as a reference direction, which is the direction at which the firearm was aimed for the gunshot. A 3D sensor may sense or detect subsequent aim directions of the firearm. For example, aim directions of the firearm may be sensed from time to time or at some frequency. For particular examples, aim directions may be sensed at a frequency of every tenth of a second, every hundredth of a second, or greater. A frequency may be used so that recoil (or kickback) motion of a firearm may be resolved. (Herein, recoil and kickback are used interchangeably unless otherwise specified.) In some implementations, it may be desirable to determine a maximum angle, as measured from the reference direction, that the firearm rotates during recoil. Accordingly, a frequency of detecting aim directions of the firearm may be high enough so that a maximum angle may be determined (e.g., as opposed to a relatively low frequency that provides relatively coarse aim direction measurements). Recoil measurements may include, among other things, such a maximum angle of rotation.
Angles of recoil may be measured in a plane that is parallel to the firearm. For example, a firearm may be considered to be in a plane that includes the trigger, trigger guard, grip, sights, and/or aim direction. Such a plane is hereinafter called a firearm plane. The firearm plane may be imagined as a “slice” that runs through the centers of the sites, trigger, trigger guard, and grip. Recoil motion may include rotation of the firearm at an angle that comprises a component in the firearm plane and a component perpendicular to the firearm plane, hereinafter called the lateral plane. Recoil measurements may include maximum recoil angle in the firearm plane and/or the lateral plane. Such measurements may be useful for determining, among other things, quality of hold or grip that a shooter has on the firearm. Such measurements may also be useful for determining characteristics of the firearm and/or ammunition being fired. Such characteristics may include, among other things, firing power of the firearm-ammunition combination, structure of the firearm (e.g., position or size of the grip with respect to the barrel axis), and so on. In some implementations, such measurements may be useful for determining or selecting a firearm for a particular user. For example, a firearm that tends to produce large recoil angles may be better-suited for a strong or large person, having shooting experience. Such a firearm may be undesirable for a small or inexperienced shooter.
In some embodiments, recoil measurements may include maximum recoil angles for each of multiple gunshots. For example, a shooter may fire a gun several times in a period of less than a few seconds. Recoil measurements may include maximum recoil of all shots fired or maximum recoil of each shot fired, for example.
In an example embodiment involving multiple gunshots (e.g., a group of shots), a technique for measuring recoil may include detecting multiple gunshots of the firearm; sensing aim directions of the firearm substantially at the times of each of the gunshots (e.g., the time when a gunshot is detected is at least approximately the same as when the gunshot occurs); sensing aim directions of the firearm after each of the times subsequent to the gunshots (e.g., aim direction of the firearm may be measured continuously, from time to time, or at a frequency, such as a frequency sufficient to resolve maximum recoil angle for each of the gunshots); comparing the aim directions to the aim direction of the first gunshot (e.g., used as a global aim-direction reference for all the subsequent shots in the group) or each of the gunshots (e.g., wherein each gunshot of the group has its own aim-direction reference); and generating one or more recoil measurements based, at least in part, on the comparing.
In various embodiments, one or more recoil measurements may be displayed in a display device. In some implementations, an FAS may be solely located on a firearm. In such a case, the FAS may include a display device located on the firearm. In other implementations, a portion of an FAS may be located on a firearm and other portion(s) of the FAS may be located remotely from the firearm. Communications between or among the portions may be wireless, for example. In such a case, the FAS may include a display device located remotely from the firearm, such as in a mobile computing device.
In some embodiments, an FAS may record a history of one or more recoil measurements. For example, recoil measurements, or data associated with or representative of recoil measurements, may be stored in a memory, which may be located in a portion of the FAS on the firearm or in a portion of the FAS that is remote from the firearm. History may span several seconds, minutes, hours, days, or years. For example, relatively short histories (e.g., a few seconds) may reveal recoil motions that include recoil angles as a function of time (which may be plotted in a displayed graph). Graphs or plots of such motions may be beneficial in that shapes of curves in the plots may indicate various parameters of dynamics of the recoil motion, as described below.
In
In
Recoil tends to rotate a firearm in the firearm plane. At least one reason for this is because the barrel where the ammunition is discharged is along an axis that is offset from the grip of the firearm. For example, such recoil rotation need not occur if grip was directly behind the location of discharge, along the axis of the barrel.
Shooters wishing to improve their shooting and firearm-handling skills may consider details about their grip of a firearm. The amount of recoil rotation 3100 and/or a maximum recoil angle 3110 may depend, at least in part, on the shooter's grip. Well-placed hands on the grip of the firearm, for example, may lead to relatively small maximum recoil angle, whereas poor grip may lead to relatively large maximum recoil angle. Grip may involve positioning of the palms and fingers of one or both hands with respect to the firearm, and the direction and magnitude of forces applied by the palms and fingers of one or both hands on the firearm, for example. Generally, an experienced and skilled shooter may avoid relatively large recoil angles. However, such an experienced shooter able to apply a good grip may experience large recoil angles when shooting a relatively large caliber firearm (e.g., .40 or .50 calibers) if the shooter is more familiar with small caliber firearms (e.g., 9 mm), for example.
A measurement of maximum recoil angle may be a useful metric for a shooter to determine the quality of their grip on the firearm. A controlled and effective grip against recoil may be challenging. One reason is that a shooter initiates and settles into a grip before the gunshot and the resulting recoil. In other words, the grip to resist recoil is established before the recoil occurs. Accordingly, the grip must anticipate forces of recoil. A measurement of maximum recoil angle may be useful while a shooter practices shooting and grip. For example, a shooter may adjust grip for subsequent gunshots in attempt to reduce maximum recoil angle.
In
In
From time T5 to time T7, the aim direction of the firearm is detected or sensed repeatedly at short time intervals as the firearm rotates due to recoil. A frequency of detection may be high enough to detect a rotation turning point where the firearm reverses rotation direction. Rotation turning point may occur when a shooter's grip on the firearm overcomes the recoil dynamics resulting from the gunshot. The turning point occurs at the maximum recoil angle, at time T6. The FAS may discontinue detecting aim direction subsequent to determining that a rotation turning point occurred. At time T8, the FAS may display and/or record the value of the maximum recoil angle.
At time T1 (T1, T2, T3 . . . of
Between times T2 and T3, the shooter rotates the firearm back toward the initial aim direction as the shooter continues, at least in part, to counter the recoil motion. At time T3, the shooter fires another gunshot. In this particular example, the second gunshot occurs before the firearm is aimed in the same direction of the first gunshot (e.g., curve 3810 does not drop to zero at time T3).
From time T3 to time T4, the recoil angle rapidly increases as the firearm rotates from the recoil of the second gunshot. During this time span, however, the rate of increase of recoil angle decreases (e.g., slope of curve 3810 decreases) as the shooter, via the grip on the firearm, begins to control and overcome the rotation form the recoil. At time T4, the rotation reaches a turning point 3830 where a maximum recoil angle occurs. The maximum recoil angle may be stored in memory and/or displayed by a display device. The maximum recoil angle for the second gunshot may be with respect to the zero angle of the reference aim direction established by the first shot at time T1, for example. However, in another implementation, the maximum recoil angle may be with respect to the angle of a new reference aim direction established by the second shot at time T3.
In this example, the shooter appears to have a better (e.g., more controlled) grip on the firearm as compared to the grip for the first shot, because the turning point 3830 (maximum recoil angle) occurs at a smaller recoil angle as compared to the maximum recoil angle of the first gunshot. Another reason for the smaller maximum recoil may be that the shooter is more familiar with the recoil behavior of the firearm for the second gunshot due to their experience with the recoil of the first gunshot.
Between times T4 and T5, the shooter rotates the firearm back toward the initial aim direction. At time T5, the shooter fires another gunshot. In this particular example, the third gunshot occurs before the firearm is aimed in the same direction of the first gunshot (e.g., curve 3820 does not drop to zero at time T5), but aim of the third gunshot is closer to the aim of the first gunshot compared to the aim of the second gunshot.
From time T5 to time T6, the recoil angle rapidly increases as the firearm rotates from the recoil of the third gunshot. During this time span, however, the rate of increase of recoil angle decreases (e.g., slope of curve 3810 decreases) as the shooter, via the grip on the firearm, begins to control and overcome the rotation form the recoil. At time T6, the rotation reaches a turning point 3840 where a maximum recoil angle occurs. The value of the maximum recoil angle may be stored in memory and/or displayed by a display device. The value of the maximum recoil angle for the third gunshot may be with respect to the zero angle of the reference aim direction established by the first shot at time T1, for example. However, in another implementation, the value of the maximum recoil angle may be with respect to the angle of a new reference aim direction established by the third shot at time T5. For example, determining what reference angle to use may be an option selectable by a user of the FAS.
In some embodiments, the three gunshots depicted in plot 3800 may be a group of gunshots that occur over a relatively short time span (e.g., less than a few seconds). In such a case, it may be beneficial for a FAS to display or record the largest of the three maximum recoil angles, relative to the aim direction at the first gunshot (e.g., time T1). In some embodiments average maximum recoil angle over multiple gunshots may be determined, recorded (stored), and/or displayed. For example, maximum recoil angles for each of the three shots in the above example embodiment may be averaged. In some implementations, maximum recoil angles for each of the gunshots may be with respect to a reference aim direction for each of the gunshots. In other implementations, maximum recoil angles for each of the gunshots may be with respect to the reference aim direction of the first gunshot.
In some embodiments maximum recoil angle over multiple gunshots may be determined, recorded (stored), and/or displayed. For example, a global maximum value (e.g., a single maximum value) of the maximum recoil angles for each of the three gunshots in the above example embodiment may be determined, recorded (stored), and/or displayed.
In some embodiments, after firing a group of gunshots (e.g., the three gunshots in the above example), a user of the FAS may manually reset the FAS for a subsequent gunshot or group of gunshots. In this way, determinations of averages or maxima of recoils need not consider history of gunshots and recoil that occurred prior to the current group of gunshots.
In
In some embodiments, an FAS (e.g., an SSS) may perform a process that indicates which bullet strike marks on a target correspond to which gunshots in a sequence of gunshots discharged by a firearm. Such a process may include generating a display to be displayed on a display device, where the display includes bullet strike location information and/or corresponding shot sequence order for each of the bullet strikes. Locations of the bullet strike icons in a display image may be based, at least in part, on measured aim directions of each of the gunshots. In some implementations, the display image may include sequence numbers associated with the bullet strike icons, wherein the sequence numbers are based, at least in part, on the recorded times and/or sequence order of the gunshots.
In some embodiments, motion of the firearm may be measured, such as by a 3D sensor (or more than one 3D sensor), substantially at the times of detecting each of the gunshots. In such a case, the rendered display image may include display elements indicative of and based, at least in part, on the measured motion of the firearm at the times of detecting each of the gunshots. For example, the measured motion may include respective speeds of translation and/or rotation (e.g., due to recoil and/or kickback) of the firearm at the times of detecting each of the gunshots. In some implementations, the display elements may comprise ellipses having radii based, at least in part, on the respective speeds of translation and/or rotation of the firearm at the times of detecting the respective gunshots.
In some embodiments, an FAS, at least a portion of which may be located remotely from the firearm, may perform a process that includes receiving data representative of respective aim directions of the firearm measured substantially at times of the gunshots; recording sequence order and/or time of the respective gunshots; and generating output for displaying an image that includes respective bullet strike icons that represent bullet strikes on a target, wherein locations of the bullet strike icons in the display image are based, at least in part, on the measured aim directions of the respective gunshots.
The FAS may determine aim directions for each of the gunshots by detecting sound and/or recoil of the firearm as it discharges live ammunition, for example. In some implementations, a microphone and/or 3D sensor of the FAS may detect such effects of a gunshot. Note that the gunshot corresponding to aim direction 4050 missed the target, while the gunshot corresponding to aim direction 4060 came relatively close to the bull's eye of the target. Herein, a bull's eye is generally considered to be in a central region of a target, but claimed subject matter is not limited in this respect. The five gunshots depicted in
A bull's eye 4120 is drawn at the center of target 4020, and is at the intersection between the target and dashed line 4080, which is the reference direction to the center of the target, as illustrated in
In an embodiment, any of the aim directions for each of the five gunshots may be used as a reference aim direction for the other four gunshots. For example, the second aim direction 4040 of the second gunshot may be used as a reference direction for the first, third, fourth, and fifth gunshots. A number of parameters may be determined from the aim directions for each of the five gunshots. For example, the distribution of bullet strikes on the target may be determined from the aim directions for each of the five gunshots. Also, if the distance between the firearm and the target is known, then distances between and among the bullet strikes on the target may be determined. For example, using trigonometry, a separation distance D1 between the first bullet strike 4035 and the second bullet strike 4045 may be determined from the relative aim directions of the first and second gunshots and the distance between the firearm and the target. Distances D2, D3, and D4 between respective bullet strikes may be similarly determined. In the example embodiment of
The following description continues with the example embodiment of the five gunshots fired at target 4020, illustrated in
For example, bullet strike icon 4201 represents bullet strike 4035 on target 4020, bullet strike icon 4202 represents bullet strike 4045, bullet strike icon 4203 represents virtual bullet strike 4110, and so on.
Each bullet strike icon has a number adjacent to it to indicate what number of the gunshot sequence the bullet strike icon corresponds to. For example, bullet strike icon 4201 corresponds to the first gunshot, bullet strike icon 4202 corresponds to the second gunshot, bullet strike icon 4203 corresponds to the third gunshot, and so on. Note that, in the example, the third gunshot missed target 4020. Nevertheless, bullet strike icon 4203 indicates where, relative to the other bullet strikes on the target, a bullet strike from the third shot would be if the target were larger, for example.
Positions of the bullet strike icons are displayed relative to one another based, at least in part, on aim directions of each of the gunshots. The bullet strike icons form a shot pattern. Such a shot pattern may match a shot (bullet strike) pattern on the actual target 4020 (except for the missed third shot). For example, after a shooter fires the five gunshots, the shooter may walk up to the target and see a particular shot pattern on the target. The shooter may look at display 4210 and observe the same (except for the missed third gunshot) particular shot pattern on the display. The similarity between the displayed shot pattern that includes sequence numbers and the shot pattern on the target may allow the shooter to determine the order that the bullet strikes of the shot pattern were made. For example, the shooter may notice that the fourth shot was closest to the bull's eye (e.g., 4120, which is on the actual target 4020), the shot that missed the target was the third shot, the second shot was up and left of the first shot, and so on. Without such sequence numbers, for example, the shooter would observe the shot pattern on the target but may not be able to determine which shot was the first shot, the closest shot, the missed shot, and so on.
For example, in one implementation, a bullet strike icon for a gunshot (e.g., corresponding to a bullet strike on a target) may indicate the direction of rotation (and/or speed) of the firearm prior to the gunshot. In particular, the firearm may have a particular direction of rotation milliseconds or microseconds before the gunshot, and before recoil from the gunshot affects the direction of rotation. The direction of rotation of the firearm may be measured and recorded with a frequency that is sufficiently high so as to have such a measurement just before a gunshot occurs, for example. Accordingly, the bullet strike icon may indicate the direction of rotation just before the gunshot occurred.
In another implementation, a bullet strike icon for a gunshot may indicate the direction of rotation (and/or speed) of the firearm a predetermined time subsequent to the gunshot. In particular, the firearm may have a particular direction of rotation milliseconds after the gunshot, when recoil from the gunshot begins to affect the direction of rotation. The direction of rotation of the firearm may be measured and recorded with a frequency that is sufficiently high so as to have such a measurement just after a gunshot occurs, for example. Accordingly, the bullet strike icon may indicate the direction of rotation just after the gunshot occurred.
Referring to
Positions of the bullet strike icons are displayed relative to one another based, at least in part, on aim directions of each of the gunshots. The bullet strike icons form a shot pattern. Such a shot pattern may match a shot (bullet strike) pattern on the actual target 4020 (except for the missed third shot).
The bullet strike icons are oriented based, at least in part, on direction of rotation of the firearm just before, during, or just after the gunshot corresponding to each of the bullet strike icons. For example, bullet strike icon 4304 for the fourth gunshot is oriented substantially horizontally to indicate that the rotation direction of the firearm was horizontal just before, during, or just after the fourth gunshot. As another example, bullet strike icon 4301 for the first gunshot is oriented diagonally toward the upper left portion of display 4310 to indicate that the rotation direction of the firearm was upward and toward the left just before, during, or just after the first gunshot. A shooter may use such information to determine details of a group of gunshots (e.g., the five gunshots, which may have occurred over a span of a few second) that would otherwise be difficult or impossible to determine without an FAS, for example.
For example, in one implementation, a bullet strike icon for a gunshot (e.g., corresponding to a bullet strike on a target) may indicate the direction of rotation (and/or speed) of the firearm prior to the gunshot and subsequent to the gunshot. In particular, the firearm may have a particular direction of rotation milliseconds or microseconds before the gunshot, and before recoil from the gunshot affects the direction of rotation. The direction of rotation of the firearm may be measured and recorded with a frequency that is sufficiently high so as to have such a measurement just before a gunshot occurs, for example. Accordingly, the bullet strike icon may indicate the direction of rotation just before the gunshot occurred.
A bullet strike icon for a gunshot may also indicate the direction of rotation (and/or speed) of the firearm a predetermined time subsequent to the gunshot. In particular, the firearm may have a particular direction of rotation milliseconds after the gunshot (e.g., when recoil from the gunshot begins to affect the direction of rotation). The direction of rotation of the firearm may be measured and recorded with a frequency that is sufficiently high so as to have such a measurement just after a gunshot occurs, for example. Accordingly, the bullet strike icon may indicate both the direction of rotation just before and just after the gunshot occurred.
Referring to
In further examples, the bullet strike icon for the third gunshot comprises (i) ellipse 4403B that indicates the direction of rotation of the firearm a fraction of a second before the time of the third gunshot and (ii) ellipse 4403A that indicates the direction of rotation of the firearm a fraction of a second after the time of the second gunshot. Relative lengths of the ellipses indicate that the rotation (or translation) speed of the firearm was greater before the third gunshot as compared to after the third gunshot. The bullet strike icon for the fourth gunshot comprises (i) ellipse 4404B that indicates the direction of rotation of the firearm a fraction of a second before the time of the fourth gunshot and (ii) ellipse 4404A that indicates the direction of rotation of the firearm a fraction of a second after the time of the fourth gunshot. Relative lengths of the ellipses indicate that the rotation (or translation) speeds of the firearm before and after the fourth gunshot are similar or substantially the same. The bullet strike icon for the fifth gunshot comprises (i) ellipse 4405B that indicates the direction of rotation of the firearm a fraction of a second before the time of the fifth gunshot and (ii) ellipse 4405A that indicates the direction of rotation of the firearm a fraction of a second after the time of the fifth gunshot. Relative lengths of the ellipses indicate that the rotation (or translation) speeds of the firearm before and after the fifth gunshot are similar or substantially the same.
Each bullet strike icon includes a number to indicate what number of the gunshot sequence the bullet strike icon corresponds to. For example, bullet strike icon 4401 corresponds to the first gunshot, bullet strike icon 4402 (comprising ellipses 4402A and 4402B) corresponds to the second gunshot, bullet strike icon 4403 (comprising ellipses 4403A and 4403B) corresponds to the third gunshot, and so on. Note that, in the example, the third gunshot missed target 4020. Nevertheless, bullet strike icon 4403 indicates where, relative to the other bullet strikes on the target, a bullet strike from the third shot would be if the target were larger, for example.
Positions of the bullet strike icons are displayed relative to one another based, at least in part, on aim directions of each of the gunshots. The bullet strike icons form a shot pattern. Such a shot pattern may match a shot (bullet strike) pattern on the actual target 4020 (except for the missed third shot).
As described above, the bullet strike icons are oriented based, at least in part, on direction of rotation of the firearm just before and just after the gunshot corresponding to each of the bullet strike icons. For example, ellipse 4404B of bullet strike icon 4404 for the fourth gunshot is oriented substantially horizontally to indicate that the rotation direction of the firearm was horizontal just before the fourth gunshot. Moreover, ellipse 4404A is oriented diagonally toward the upper left portion of display 4410 to indicate that the rotation direction of the firearm was upward and toward the left just after the fourth gunshot. As another example, bullet strike icon 4401 for the first gunshot is oriented diagonally toward the upper left portion of display 4410 to indicate that the rotation direction of the firearm was upward and toward the left just before, during, or just after the first gunshot (e.g., depending, at least in part, on a setting in the application). A shooter may use such information to determine details of a group of gunshots (e.g., the five gunshots, which may have occurred over a span of a few second) that would otherwise be difficult or impossible to determine without an FAS, for example.
In some embodiments, the application may have a capability of analyzing data so as to perform any of a number of functions, such as pattern recognition, position averaging, scaling, uncertainty determination, and various statistical analyses, for example. Such functions may determine a “center of mass” or distribution center of the bullet strikes on the target. In some implementations, a virtual bull's eye 4520 may be included in display 4510. The location of virtual bull's eye in the display may be based, at least in part, on locations of the bullet strikes. For example, virtual bull's eye 4520 may be located at a center of distribution of the five bullet strike icons in display 4510. Additionally, a virtual target 4530 may be drawn in the display. The application may apply scaling processes to adjust the locations of the bullet strike icons and/or the virtual target so as to have a best-fit and be centered in the display. In some implementations, the application may assume that the group of shots (e.g., the five gunshots) is at least approximately centered about the actual bull's eye of target 4020. Using such an assumption, the application may draw virtual target 4530 in the display.
In some embodiments, a user may provide information to an FAS so that the FAS may determine a direction of a target. For example, while a shooter (user) has a bull's eye of a target in sights or a scope of the firearm, the shooter may use a voice command to specify to the FAS at what direction the firearm is aimed when the firearm is aimed at the bull's eye of the target (or any target or portion thereof). In a particular example, the shooter may say “target” while the firearm is aimed at the bull's eye. In response to receiving such a voice command, the FAS may measure the aim direction of the firearm and set that measurement as the aim direction of the bull's eye. (In some implementations, the FAS may have already measured the aim direction at the time of the voice command. Thus, in this case, the FAS may store the aim direction measured at the time of the voice command as the aim direction of the bull's eye.) Aim directions of subsequent gunshots may then be referenced to the aim direction of the bull's eye by displaying strike icons located relative to a display icon that represents the bull's eye. If the sights or scope of the firearm is accurate, then this process may provide a display that is an accurate representation of the aim directions of the gunshots relative to the bull's eye.
In some implementations, the application may determine (e.g., statistically) outlying bullet strikes. For example, any bullet strikes relatively far from a center of distribution of the bullet strikes may be considered an outlier. In the example, the bullet strike for the third gunshot may be considered an outlier because it is relatively far away from virtual bull's eye 4520. If so then, in some implementations, the center of distribution of the bullet strikes may be updated or recalculated after excluding the outlying bullet strike. Here, for example, the third bullet strike is excluded as an outlier and a new center of distribution of the remaining bullet strikes becomes virtual bull's eye 4540. Accordingly, the application may draw an updated virtual target 4550 in the display. Thus, in this example, removing the third gunshot bullet strike may result in a shift in positions of the distribution of the remaining bullet strikes relative to a virtual target. In this fashion, locations of the bullet strikes on a virtual target may be relatively close to locations of actual bullet strikes on the actual target. In some implementations, a user may provide target information to the application to assist the application in more accurately determining how to draw a virtual target with respect to locations of the bullet strikes. Such target information may include distance between the firearm and the target, size of the target, shape of the target (e.g., circular, square, rectangular, etc.), and/or dimensions of the target. In some implementations, FAS may have an ability to capture an image of a target (e.g., via a camera) and use any of a number image analysis techniques to determine various characteristics of the target, such as size, shape, and/or distance.
As described above, an FAS may perform functions for a group of gunshots at a single target. In some embodiments, an FAS may perform such functions for groups of gunshots fired at respective multiple targets. For example, in Practical Shooting competitions, a shooter may proceed through a course by firing several gunshots at a first target, firing several gunshots at a second target, followed by firing several gunshots at a third target. An FAS may have the capability to keep track of all the gunshots. Information regarding the gunshots may be provided to an application that may display a “replay” of all the gunshots fired by the shooter including, for example, a display rendering of the course. Timing information in addition to aim directions (which may be displayed as bullet strike icons on every target) may be included in such a “replay”. Such a replay or recreation on a display may allow viewers to see the earlier performance of the shooter. For a particular illustrative example, viewers may be able to observe that the shooter's most accurate gunshots were the first and third on the first target, and the shooter fired seven gunshots at the second target but missed the fourth and fifth gunshots, and that all five of the gunshots fired at the third target hit the target. Any of a number of the gunshots may be associated with timing information so that a viewer may observe elapsed time between gunshots, and so on. Such information may be stored and retrieved as historical data listed in table form or rendered as a display, for example.
In some implementations, an FAS may include a capability to measure distance between the firearm and target. For example, such a capability may be provided by any of a number of techniques, such as techniques involving radar, lidar, or active sonar, where sound is emitted, reflected from an object, and detected to determine distance from the object. In some implementations, the sound of a gunshot may be used for a sonar signal to reflect from a target to detect a distance to the target at which the firearm is aimed at the time of the gunshot. For example, the sound (e.g., or sound signature, or portion thereof) from the gunshot may travel toward a target, reflect from the target, and be subsequently detected by the FAS. Distance to the target may be determined using time-of-flight of the gunshot sound. Such an FAS may include, among other things, a sonar module to determine distance based, at least in part, on elapsed time of sound travel. A sonar module of the FAS may receive information from clocks or timers of the FAS, and may include executable code to calculate distance to a target using received timer or clock information for when the gunshot occurs and when the reflected sound of the gunshot is detected, for example. In some implementations, a gunshot sound used for a distance measurement (e.g., using sonar) may also be used to initiate a measurement of aim direction of the firearm.
An icon or other symbol or display element for a bullet strike of a gunshot may be located in a display according to aim direction of the gunshot (e.g., aim direction of the firearm at the time of the gunshot). Such icons may be the same as or similar to bullet strike icon 4201 illustrated in
At block 4610, an FAS, or a portion thereof, may receive data representative of respective aim directions of the firearm measured substantially at times of the gunshots. As described above, such measurements of aim directions may involve acoustic and/or 3D sensors included in an FAS, for example At block 4620, the FAS, or a portion thereof, may record (e.g. store in memory) a sequence order of the respective gunshots and/or times of the respective gunshots. At block 4630, the FAS, or a portion thereof, may generate output for displaying an image that includes respective bullet strike icons that represent bullet strikes on the virtual target. Locations of the bullet strike icons in the display image may be based, at least in part, on the measured aim directions of the respective gunshots.
In some embodiments, an FAS may generate a signal that is transmitted to an earpiece or set of headphones that produces, in response to receiving the signal, an audible alarm or alert. For example, dynamic headphones block sounds from entering a user's ear(s) (the user being the person wearing the dynamic headphones), while electronically transmitting relatively low intensity sounds (e.g., people talking, ambient sounds) to the ear(s). Loud sounds, such as gunshot sounds, are attenuated so that the user need not be subjected to such loud sounds. Such headphones may include electronics that receive a wireless signal from an FAS, and transform the received signal to a sound audible to the user.
In some embodiments, an FAS, or a portion thereof, may be mounted to a portion of a clip or magazine that is used to hold ammunition and can be inserted into a firearm. For example, an FAS, or a portion thereof, may be located on a firearm via the clip or magazine of the firearm. In a particular example, referring to
In some embodiments, an FAS, or a portion thereof, may generate a signal that is transmitted (wired or wirelessly) to a scope (e.g., scope 510, illustrated in
In some embodiments, an FAS, or a portion thereof, may generate a signal that is transmitted (wired or wirelessly) to wearable glasses worn by a person. The wearable glasses may include electronics to display information conveyed by the signal. Such information may include aim direction of the firearm, recoil information (such as that described above, for example), shot sequence information, motion information of the firearm, distance-to-target, and any other type of information that may be displayed as described for
In some embodiments, an FAS may be remote from a firearm while two or more beacons may be located on the firearm. For example, such beacons may be relatively small and be placed on or near distal regions of a firearm (e.g., one beacon located near the grip and the other beacon located near the muzzle). Beacons may emit a radio signal or a sound signal. Such a signal may be encoded with a system-global clock, beacon identity, and/or a carrier signal, for example. The FAS may receive signals from respective beacons and use the signals to determine distances between the FAS and the respective beacons. Techniques to determining distances may involve Doppler, multilateration, time-of-flight, and so on. Knowledge of distances to the respective beacons may allow a determination of orientation and/or motion of the firearm, for example.
It will, of course, be understood that, although particular embodiments have just been described, claimed subject matter is not limited in scope to a particular embodiment or implementation. For example, one embodiment may be in hardware, such as implemented on a device or combination of devices, for example. Likewise, although claimed subject matter is not limited in scope in this respect, one embodiment may comprise one or more articles, such as a storage medium or storage media that may have stored thereon instructions capable of being executed by a specific or special purpose system or apparatus, for example, to lead to performance of an embodiment of a method in accordance with claimed subject matter, such as one of the embodiments previously described, for example. However, claimed subject matter is, of course, not limited to one of the embodiments described necessarily. Furthermore, a specific or special purpose computing platform may include one or more processing units or processors, one or more input/output devices, such as a display, a keyboard or a mouse, or one or more memories, such as static random access memory, dynamic random access memory, flash memory, or a hard drive, although, again, claimed subject matter is not limited in scope to this example.
The terms, “and” and “or” as used herein may include a variety of meanings that will depend at least in part upon the context in which it is used. Typically, “or” or “and/or” if used to associate a list, such as A, B or C, is intended to mean A, B, and C, here used in the inclusive sense, as well as A, B or C, here used in the exclusive sense. Embodiments described herein may include machines, devices, engines, or apparatuses that operate using digital signals. Such signals may comprise electronic signals, optical signals, electromagnetic signals, or any form of energy that provides information between locations.
In the description herein, various aspects of claimed subject matter have been described. For purposes of explanation, specific numbers, systems, or configurations may have been set forth to provide a thorough understanding of claimed subject matter. However, it should be apparent to one skilled in the art having the benefit of this disclosure that claimed subject matter may be practiced without those specific details. In other instances, features that would be understood by one of ordinary skill were omitted or simplified so as not to obscure claimed subject matter.
While there has been illustrated and described what are presently considered to be example embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various other modifications may be made, and equivalents may be substituted, without departing from claimed subject matter. Additionally, many modifications may be made to adapt a particular situation to the teachings of claimed subject matter without departing from the central concept described herein. Therefore, it is intended that claimed subject matter not be limited to the particular embodiments disclosed, but that such claimed subject matter may also include all embodiments falling within the scope of the appended claims, and equivalents thereof.
Claims
1. A method for displaying aim directions of gunshots of a firearm discharging live ammunition at a target, the method comprising:
- detecting the gunshots of the firearm discharging live ammunition;
- measuring aim directions of the firearm substantially at times of detecting the gunshots;
- recording times of the detected gunshots and/or sequence order of the gunshots; and
- generating output for displaying an image that includes bullet strike icons that represent bullet strikes on the target, wherein locations of the bullet strike icons in the image are based, at least in part, on the measured aim directions of the gunshots.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the image further includes sequence numbers associated with the bullet strike icons, wherein the sequence numbers are based, at least in part, on the recorded times and/or sequence order of the gunshots.
3. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
- measuring motion of the firearm substantially at the times of detecting the gunshots.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein the image further includes display elements indicative of and based, at least in part, on the measured motion of the firearm at the times of detecting the gunshots.
5. The method of claim 3, wherein the measured motion includes speeds of translation and/or rotation of the firearm at the times of detecting the gunshots.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein the bullet strike icons comprise ellipses having radii based, at least in part, on the speeds of translation and/or rotation of the firearm at the times of detecting the gunshots.
7. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
- measuring a time span between (i) the time of detecting at least one of the gunshots and (ii) a time when the sound of the at least one of the gunshots returns to the firearm after reflecting from the target; and
- determining a distance between the firearm and the target based, at least in part, on the time span.
8. A method for displaying aim directions of gunshots of a firearm discharging live ammunition at a target, the method comprising:
- receiving data representative of aim directions of the firearm measured substantially at times of the gunshots;
- recording sequence order and/or times of the gunshots; and
- generating output for displaying an image that includes bullet strike icons that represent bullet strikes on the target, wherein locations of the bullet strike icons in the display image are based, at least in part, on the measured aim directions of the gunshots.
9. The method of claim 8, wherein the image further includes sequence numbers associated with the bullet strike icons, wherein the sequence numbers are based, at least in part, on the recorded times and/or sequence order of the gunshots.
10. The method of claim 8, further comprising:
- receiving data representative of motion of the firearm measured substantially at the times of detecting the gunshots; and
- recording the motion of the firearm measured substantially at the times of detecting the gunshots.
11. The method of claim 10, wherein the image further includes display elements based, at least in part, on the motion of the firearm measured substantially at the times of detecting the gunshots.
12. The method of claim 10, wherein the motion of the firearm measured substantially at the times of detecting the gunshots includes speeds of translation and/or rotation of the firearm at the times of detecting the gunshots.
13. A method comprising:
- detecting a gunshot of a firearm;
- sensing an aim direction of the firearm substantially at the time of detecting the gunshot;
- setting a reference direction based, at least in part, on the aim direction;
- sensing subsequent aim directions of the firearm after the time of detecting the gunshot;
- comparing any of the subsequent aim directions to the reference direction; and
- measuring recoil of the firearm, wherein the measuring is based, at least in part, on the comparing.
14. The method of claim 13, wherein measuring recoil of the firearm generates one or more recoil measurements that include an angle of any of the subsequent aim directions with respect to the reference direction.
15. The method of claim 13, wherein the angle with respect to the reference direction is in a plane that is parallel to the firearm.
16. The method of claim 13, wherein measuring recoil of the firearm generates one or more recoil measurements that include a maximum angle of the subsequent aim directions with respect to the reference direction.
17. The method of claim 13, further comprising:
- detecting a second gunshot of the firearm;
- sensing a second aim direction of the firearm substantially at the time of detecting the second gunshot;
- sensing a second set of subsequent aim directions of the firearm after the time of detecting the second gunshot;
- comparing any of the second subsequent aim directions to the reference direction; and
- generating one or more recoil measurements based, at least in part, on the comparing.
18. The method of claim 13, further comprising displaying the recoil measurement on a display.
19. The method of claim 13, further comprising recording a history of the recoil measurement.
20. The method of claim 13, further comprising updating the reference direction based, at least in part, on a subsequent gunshot.
Type: Application
Filed: Nov 25, 2014
Publication Date: Sep 10, 2015
Inventor: Brian Donald Wichner (Otter Rock, OR)
Application Number: 14/554,004
