CONTINUOUS FLUID DELIVERY SYSTEM AND METHOD
The continuous fluid delivery systems includes a fluid pumping device comprising a pump housing comprising a base member with a plurality of inlet ports and at least one outlet port and at least two pairs of opposing pistons movably associated with the housing. Each pair of opposing pistons at least in part defines a respective pumping chamber of the fluid pumping device. The pistons in each pair of opposing pistons may be independently controlled such that any one of the plurality of inlet ports or the at least one outlet port is independently selectable to be in fluid communication with one of the respective pumping chambers. A drive system may be interfaced with the respective pistons to at least reciprocally operate the pistons relative to the base member. The pump housing and the at least two pairs of opposing pistons may comprise a disposable unit.
This application is a divisional application of U.S. Ser. No. 12/745,849 having a date under 35 U.S.C. §371 of Sep. 15, 2010, which is a U.S. National Phase application from International Application No. PCT/US2008/086209, filed Dec. 10, 2008 which claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 61/012,626 filed Dec. 10, 2007, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION1. Field of the Invention
The invention described herein is directed to a fluid delivery system comprising a fluid pumping device and an associated drive system for continuous fluid delivery applications in medical diagnostic and therapeutic procedures wherein one or more fluids are infused/injected into a patient.
2. Description of Related Art
In the medical field, fluid delivery devices used to provide fluids to patients are generally well-known and exist in many different forms. A system commonly used for this purpose is a gravity-feed system wherein a fluid containing bag is supported above the level of the patient's body and wherein the flow rate to the patient is controlled by the gross pressure of a clamp upon the flexible tube extending between the bag and the patient. It will be readily apparent that the flow rate of fluid through the tube is a function of the amount of constriction of the tube. Manually operated devices are known in the medical field for delivery of fluid under pressure to a patient. Examples of such manually-operated pumping devices are known from U.S. Pat. No. 3,464,359 to King et al.; U.S. Pat. No. 2,062,285 to Bergman; and U.S. Pat. No. 1,748,810 to Wandel, as examples.
Syringe-based infusion pumps and peristaltic pumps have also been used in the medical field for delivering fluids to patients under pressure and provide more precise control over the flow rate and volumetric delivery of fluids to patients. An example of a syringe pump adapted to deliver fluid to a patient is described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,529,463 to Layer et al., which discloses a multi-syringe pump for this purpose. A peristaltic pump system suitable for delivering a constant flow of fluid under pressure to a patient is described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,558,125 and 6,488,660, both to Futterknecht.
There are a number of medical procedures which require the delivery of fluids to a patient in a precisely controlled manner. One such application involves the delivery of contrast media fluid to a patient during a diagnostic computed tomography (CT) scan to provide enhanced x-ray images. Traditionally, such contrast media fluid has been delivered to the patient using a syringe-based injection system. Such injection systems require the contrast media fluid to be transferred from its original container to a disposable syringe. The injection system then pressurizes the fluid within the syringe to deliver the fluid to the patient at a controlled flow rate, precisely when needed. Some syringe-based injection systems are capable of accommodating two separate syringes to facilitate sequential or simultaneous delivery of two different types of fluid.
One limitation of a syringe-based fluid injection system is the need to refill and replace the disposable syringes prior to each patient procedure. U.S. Pat. No. 5,806,519 to Evans, III et al. describes a fluid delivery system which could be used to deliver fluid to multiple patients in succession without the need to refill and replace syringes for each patient. Another fluid delivery system that purports to overcome this limitation is disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,558,125 and 6,488,660 (Futterknecht). These latter patents disclose a fluid delivery system that utilizes a peristaltic pump to deliver fluid directly from contrast media bottles to the patient. While this system eliminates the need to replace disposable syringes after each patient, the use of a roller-type peristaltic pump inherently limits the pressure capability of the system to approximately 200 psi. Unfortunately, many CT procedures and virtually all angiographic procedures require fluid to be delivered at higher pressures.
In order to provide more precise control of flow rates and volumetric delivery of fluids to patients, positive displacement pump platforms have been developed in the medical field. These devices eliminate the use of syringes and provide increased pressure ranges over peristaltic pumps. One such positive displacement pump device is disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,916,197 and 6,197,000 to Reilly et al., which describe a system for the continuous delivery of contrast media fluid to a patient that uses a cam-driven multi-piston pump. Such a pump is capable of delivering fluids at relatively high pressures in a controlled manner. Another example of a positive displacement pump platform intended for use in delivering fluid to a patient undergoing a medical procedure is disclosed in International Publication No. WO 2006/056828, which discloses a volumetric pump with reciprocating and rotating pistons that are adapted to deliver a controlled and continuous flow rate of fluid during a medical procedure. Japanese Publication Nos. JP 61-42199 and JP 61-42200, both assigned to Nemoto Kiyourindou K K, disclose another multi-piston cylinder pump which enables the controlled and continuous delivery of fluids during a medical procedure.
Examples of positive displacement pumps for non-medical applications are well-known. For example, U.S. Pat. No. 5,961,303 to King and U.S. Pat. No. 3,168,872 to Pinkerton disclose positive displacement pumps that comprise rotational and reciprocally operable pistons. Other non-medical positive displacement pumps are known that comprise multiple working pistons for dispensing fluids such as U.S. Pat. No. 5,639,220 to Hayakawa which discloses an “ink” pump with two pistons; Japanese Reference No. JP 4-241778 to Takashima et al. which discloses an automatic metering device for a viscous fluid that utilizes multiple pistons; and U.S. Pat. No. 4,405,294 to Albarda which discloses a dosing pump with two pistons. An older example of a positive displacement pump with multiple pistons is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 1,689,419 to Bronander. All of the foregoing listed patents and publications are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.
There are several disadvantages present in the foregoing positive displacement pump platforms known in the medical field for fluid delivery to a patient. One disadvantage is that these pump platforms are, typically, limited to pumping a single fluid type. Many medical procedures, such as CT procedures, often involve the use of a combination of contrast media fluid and saline delivered precisely to the region of interest within a patient's body. For example, after an initial injection of contrast media fluid is performed, a bolus of saline fluid may be administered to move the contrast fluid into the region of interest. In order to have the capability of delivering two or more different types of fluids, an external selection valve (such as a stopcock) must be added upstream of the pump inlet to allow the fluid delivery system to select from one of the two available fluid sources or possibly both if a mixing device is also provided. If two interconnected pumps are present in the fluid delivery system, the system may be capable of delivering a controlled mixture of two fluids. However, each of the two pumps must be independently controlled to provide the required flow rate of its respective fluid type. Downstream mixing devices may also be used in such a two-pump system.
Another disadvantage present in the foregoing positive displacement pump examples, particularly multi-piston positive displacement pumps, is that as the pistons in multi-piston positive displacement pumps sequentially deliver pressurized fluid to the pump outlet, there are fluctuations or “pulsatility” in the flow rate as the fluid source transitions from one piston to the next. This pulsatility can be reduced with the inclusion of additional pistons but can never be completely eliminated. Moreover, multi-piston pumps often include passive check valves and like devices which are used to direct fluid into and out of piston chambers. Such passive valves are often unable to respond quickly enough at high cycle rates and this can lead to volumetric inefficiencies and leakage at high pressures.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTIONIn view of the foregoing, there is a need for a positive displacement pump platform which can continuously deliver fluids at positively controlled flow rates and which is suitable for use in medical procedures involving infusing/injecting fluid into a patient. A continuous fluid delivery system in accordance with this disclosure and which meets the foregoing need comprises, at least in part, a fluid pumping device comprising a pump housing comprising a base member comprising a plurality of inlet ports and at least one outlet port and a pair of opposing pistons movably associated with the base member housing and at least in part defining a pumping chamber of the fluid pumping device. The pistons may be independently controlled such that any one (or more) of the plurality of inlet ports or the at least one outlet port is independently selectable to be in fluid communication with the pumping chamber.
The base member supports the pistons to at least reciprocally operate relative to the base member. The base member may comprise a manifold portion defining the plurality of inlet ports and the at least one outlet port. A manifold cap may be provided on the manifold portion and define the plurality of inlet ports and the at least one outlet port desirably in combination with the manifold portion. The manifold portion may comprise a plurality of fluid passageways respectively connected to the plurality of inlet ports and the at least one outlet port. The base member may comprise at least one opening in each fluid passageway to enable fluid communication between the pumping chamber and the plurality of inlet ports and the at least one outlet port via the passageways. The base member may comprise a manifold portion defining the plurality of inlet ports and the at least one outlet port, and the plurality of inlet ports and the at least one outlet port may be disposed on lateral sides of the manifold portion.
One of the pistons may comprise a sleeve portion and the other of the pistons is at least partially disposed in the sleeve portion to define the pumping chamber. The sleeve portion defines an opening for fluid communication with a selected inlet port or the at least one outlet port to establish fluid communication between the selected inlet port or the at least one outlet port and the pumping chamber. A fluid seal element may be disposed between the base member and the sleeve portion.
In another embodiment, the fluid pumping device comprises a pump housing comprising a base member comprising a plurality of inlet ports and at least one outlet port and at least two pairs of opposing pistons may be movably associated with the base member. Each pair of opposing pistons at least in part defines a respective pumping chamber of the fluid pumping device. The pistons in each pair of opposing pistons may be independently controlled such that any one (or more) of the plurality of inlet ports or the at least one outlet port is independently selectable to be in fluid communication with one of the respective pumping chambers.
The base member supports the at least two pairs of opposing pistons to reciprocally operate relative to the base member. The base member may comprise a manifold portion defining the plurality of inlet ports and the at least one outlet port. A manifold cap may be provided on the manifold portion and define the plurality of inlet ports and the at least one outlet port desirably in combination with the manifold portion. The manifold portion may comprise a plurality of fluid passageways respectively connected to the plurality of inlet ports and the at least one outlet port. The base member may comprise at least one opening in each fluid passageway to enable fluid communication between the pumping chamber and the plurality of inlet ports and the at least one outlet port via the passageways. The base member may comprise a manifold portion defining the plurality of inlet ports and the at least one outlet port, and the plurality of inlet ports and the at least one outlet port may be disposed on lateral sides of the manifold portion.
One of the pistons in each pair of opposing pistons may comprise a sleeve portion and the other of the pistons in each pair of opposing pistons is at least partially disposed in the sleeve portion to define the respective pumping chambers. The sleeve portion defines an opening for fluid communication with a selected inlet port or the at least one outlet port to establish fluid communication between the selected inlet port or the at least one outlet port and the respective pumping chambers. Respective fluid seal elements may be disposed between the base member and the sleeve portion in each pair of opposing pistons.
Another embodiment is directed to a fluid delivery system, comprising the fluid pumping device and a drive system. The fluid pumping device comprises a pump housing comprising a base member comprising a plurality of inlet ports and at least one outlet port, and a pair of opposing pistons movably associated with the base member. The pistons at least in part define a pumping chamber of the fluid pumping device and the pistons are independently controlled such that any one of the plurality of inlet ports or the at least one outlet port is independently selectable to be in fluid communication with the pumping chamber. The drive system is interfaced with the pistons to at least reciprocally operate the pistons relative to the base member.
The drive system may comprise respective piston positioning devices interfaced with each piston. The piston positioning devices may be disposed on opposite sides of the base member to interface with the respective pistons. The piston positioning devices may each be disposed on the same side of the base member to interface with the respective pistons. Additionally, the piston positioning devices may be disposed commonly on a carriage. The carriage may be movable by a carriage drive system. The carriage may be bi-directional linearly movable by the carriage drive system.
A position sensor may be associated with the drive system to interface with the carriage to ascertain at least one position of the carriage. A support device may be used to support at least one of the pistons in the drive system. A position sensor may also be associated with the drive system to interface with at least one of the piston positioning devices to ascertain at least one position of the piston positioning device.
In another aspect, a method is disclosed for operating a fluid pumping device. Such a method comprises providing a fluid pumping device comprising a pump housing comprising a base member comprising plurality of inlet ports and at least one outlet port and a pair of pistons movably associated with the base member and at least in part defining a pumping chamber of the fluid pumping device. The pistons may be independently controlled pistons such that any one (or more) of the plurality of inlet ports or the at least one outlet port is independently selectable to be in fluid communication with the pumping chamber.
One of the pistons may comprise a sleeve portion defining an opening and the other of the pistons is at least partially disposed in the sleeve portion to define the pumping chamber, and the method may further comprise establishing fluid communication between the opening and a selected inlet port or the at least one outlet port to establish fluid communication between the selected inlet port or the at least one outlet port and the pumping chamber.
Additionally, the method may comprise independently controlling the pistons to select one of the plurality of inlet ports to be in fluid communication with the pumping chamber, moving one of the pistons relative to the opposing piston to draw fluid into the pumping chamber from a fluid source associated with the selected inlet port, and moving both pistons to select another inlet port or the at least one outlet port to be in fluid communication with the pumping chamber. The method may further comprise moving one of the pistons relative to the opposing piston to eject fluid from the pumping chamber into the at least one outlet port.
In still a further aspect, the fluid pumping device may comprise at least two pairs of opposing pistons movably associated with the base member, with each pair of opposing pistons at least in part defining a respective pumping chamber of the fluid pumping device, and the method may further comprise independently controlling the pistons in each pair of opposing pistons such that any one (or more) of the plurality of inlet ports or the at least one outlet port is independently selectable to be in fluid communication with one of the respective pumping chambers. The method may further comprise independently controlling the pistons in the respective pairs of opposing pistons in a sequence comprising: independently controlling the pistons to select one of the plurality of inlet ports to be in fluid communication with one of the respective pumping chambers, moving one of the pistons relative to the opposing piston to draw fluid into the pumping chamber from a fluid source associated with the selected inlet port, and moving both pistons to select another inlet port of the at least one outlet port to be in fluid communication with the pumping chamber. The method may further comprise moving one of the pistons relative to the opposing piston to eject fluid from the pumping chamber into the at least one outlet port. The respective pairs of opposing pistons may operate in a substantially staggered sequence such that substantially continuous fluid flow is delivered by the fluid pumping device at the least one outlet port.
A drive system may be interfaced with the pistons and the method may comprise the drive system at least reciprocally operating the pistons relative to the base member. The method may further comprise at least reciprocally operating the pistons from opposite sides of the base member. Additionally, the method may comprise at least reciprocally operating the pistons from a same side of the base member.
The drive system may comprise respective piston positioning devices interfaced with each piston and disposed on opposite sides of the base member and the method may comprise at least reciprocally operating the pistons from opposite sides of the base member with the respective piston positioning devices. Alternatively, the drive system may comprise respective piston positioning devices interfaced with each piston and disposed on a same side of the base member and the method may comprise at least reciprocally operating the pistons from the same side of the base member with the respective piston positioning devices. The piston positioning devices may be disposed commonly on a carriage movable by a carriage drive system and the method may comprise moving the carriage with the carriage drive system. The carriage may move in a bi-directional linear movement.
Further details and advantages will become clear upon reading the following detailed description in conjunction with the accompanying figures.
For purposes of the description hereinafter, spatial orientation terms, as used, shall relate to the referenced embodiment as it is oriented in the accompanying drawing figures or otherwise described in the following detailed description. However, it is to be understood that the embodiments described hereinafter may assume many alternative variations and configurations. It is also to be understood that the specific devices, features, and components illustrated in the accompanying drawing figures and described herein are simply exemplary and should not be considered as limiting.
An embodiment of a fluid pumping device 100 is shown in
The following discussion initially sets forth the general structure and arrangement of fluid pumping device 100, after which a discussion of drive system 600 is provided along with a discussion of the interaction between fluid pumping device 100 and drive system 600 to effect operation of fluid pumping device 100. Fluid pumping device 100 is a multi-component device comprising a pump housing 102 and one or more fluid pumps 160 which constitute the movable components of fluid pumping device 100 for delivering fluid under pressure to a desired end point, such as a patient fluid path 12 delivering fluid to a patient undergoing a fluid infusion/injection procedure. An exemplary patient fluid path 12 is shown in
Pump housing 102 typically includes a base member 104 to which a separate manifold cap 132 is secured. Manifold cap 132 may be considered to be a component or part of pump housing 102 in accordance with the disclosure and optionally may be formed integral with base member 104 in this and other embodiments described herein. In the present embodiment, pump housing 102 may be considered to be a multi-piece component comprising at least base member 104 and manifold cap 132. Base member 104 and manifold cap 132 may be injection-molded plastic components or pieces which are assembled together to form or complete pump housing 102 by suitable assembly methods such as ultrasonic welding, laser welding, adhesive, solvent bonding, by direct mechanical attachment, and like methods. Manifold cap 132 may be a unitary or a multi-piece component as discussed herein.
Base member 104 may have any desirable configuration and one such configuration is that of a generally plate-shaped component or element that defines one or more, and desirably at least two adjacent and generally parallel cavities 106. Cavities 106 are adapted to accept two identical fluid pumps 160 which form the movable components of fluid pumping device 100 as identified previously and which are described in detail herein. While the illustrated configuration of base member 104 comprises two adjacent cavities 106 defined in base member 104 for accepting two like fluid pumps 160, this illustration is not intended to restrict the possibility of base member 104 forming an additional or several additional cavities 106 to accept an additional or several fluid pumps 160 respectively therein. For simplicity and expediency, the following discussion describes fluid pumping device 100 with two like fluid pumps 160 as a non-limiting embodiment of the fluid pumping device 100. Cavities 106 define a generally concave shape to receive fluid pumps 160 therein and, as illustrated, a typical or desirable shape of cavities 106 for such a purpose is that of two generally half-cylindrical cavities for accepting generally cylindrical-shaped fluid pumps 160 therein. For purposes of explaining the spatial orientation of additional features or components of fluid pumping device 100, base member 104 may be considered to have a first side or top side 108, a second side, bottom side, or underside 110, and opposing lateral sides 112.
To maintain the association of fluid pumps 160 with base member 104, base member 104 comprises a plurality of individual securing members 114 depending from bottom side or underside 110 of the base member 104. Securing members 114 are provided as opposed and spaced apart pair sets so that the securing members 114 are provided on opposite sides of cavities 106 to support both lateral sides of the individual fluid pumps 160. Securing members 114 are adapted to support fluid pumps 160 to base member 104 while permitting movement of fluid pumps 160 relative to base member 104 and, desirably, sliding reciprocal movement of fluid pumps 160 relative to base member 104. Securing members 114 each define a slot 116 for receiving a cooperating structure, such as a lip, rib, flange, and the like, on fluid pumps 160 to allow sliding reciprocal movement of the fluid pumps 160 relative to base member 104 and, thus, pump housing 102 generally. Securing members 114 depend or extend from the underside 110 so that slots 116 face inward toward one another. While securing members 114 are generally illustrated as a plurality of depending tab-like structures that are adapted to cooperate with corresponding structure on lateral sides of fluid pumps 160, these may be replaced by a series of rings (not shown) depending from the bottom side 110 of base member 104 and which are adapted to coaxially receive the fluid pumps 160. For example, two such rings may depend from the underside 110 of base member 104 below each cavity 106 at the locations currently occupied by securing members 114 and through which the two fluid pumps 160 may extend, respectively. It is also within the scope of this disclosure to provide continuous securing members 114 on both lateral sides of each cavity 106, or replace the depending securing members 114 with two completely formed cylindrical structures defined by base member 104 and which define barrels which accept the respective fluid pumps 160 therein.
Referring, in particular, to
Base member 104 generally comprises two opposing ends 122, 124. Typically, securing members 114 depend from the underside 110 of base member 104 immediately adjacent opposing ends 122, 124 of the base member 104. However, if desired, securing members 114 may be continuous along the opposing lateral sides 112 of base member 104 as explained previously. Base member 104 further comprises a manifold portion 126 on top side 108, generally centered between opposing ends 122, 124 of base member 104. Manifold portion 126 extends upward or is generally upstanding from the top side 108 of base member 104 and defines one or more banks 128 of fluid channels and associated ports. In the illustrated embodiment, two individual banks 128(1), 128(2) of fluid channels are provided. Each fluid channel bank 128(1), 128(2) is defined by an individual upstanding, circumferential wall 130(1), 130(2) formed as part of manifold portion 126. An area of separation S is defined between the adjacent fluid channel banks 128(1), 128(2) and which separates the fluid channel banks 128(1), 128(2). It will be apparent that the provision of two distinct circumferential walls 130(1), 130(2) to form distinct fluid port banks 128(1), 128(2) may be replaced by a single wall 130 that forms the perimeter of both fluid channel banks 128(1), 128(2). As will be further appreciated from inspection of
From
A pair of manifold openings or apertures 142 is defined in base member 104 within each fluid passageway 140 to provide fluid communication between each fluid passageway 140 and the respective fluid pumps 160 disposed in cavities 106. As noted previously, the illustrated embodiment of fluid pumping device 100 comprises two fluid pumps 160 and two manifold openings 142 are, therefore, needed in each fluid passageway 140 to register with the respective fluid pumps 160 as explained further herein. However, as indicated previously, this configuration is for exemplary purposes only and may be expanded beyond two fluid pumps 160. In such an arrangement, base member 104 may define an additional or several additional cavities 106 and manifold portion 126 may be expanded to encompass this additional or several additional cavities 106 and the accompanying or associated fluid pump(s) 160 disposed therein. For example, if one additional fluid pump 160 is associated with base member 104 in a third cavity 106 (not shown), manifold portion 126 will comprise a third manifold opening or aperture 142 in each fluid passageway 140 to register with the additional fluid pump 160. As manifold portion 126 is typically integrally-formed with base member 104 such as during an injection molding process, in this variation manifold portion 126 would be formed on base member 104 to extend and encompass the additional fluid pump 160.
As explained previously, fluid seal elements 120 are disposed in each cavity 106 to provide a generally fluid tight seal between base member 104 and fluid pumps 160 during operation of the fluid pumps 160. Fluid seal elements 120 define a series of openings or apertures 144 which are positioned to generally coincide with the manifold openings 142 in base member 104 so that the fluid seal elements 120 may seal against the base member 104 and, thereby, allow generally fluid-tight communication between fluid ports 138 and associated fluid passageways 140 and fluid pumps 160. Further, it will be apparent from the accompanying figures, particularly
As shown in
Turning next to fluid pumps 160, fluid pumps 160 are located within the respective cavities 106 defined in base member 104, as generally described previously. Fluid pumps 160 each comprise two opposing pistons 162, 164, which may be referred to herein as a first piston or sleeve piston 162 and a second piston or insertion piston 164 for identification purposes. As each fluid pump 160 is identical having identical pistons 162, 164, the following discussion outlines the structure of one such fluid pump 160 used in fluid pumping device 100. A suitable configuration for pistons 162, 164 of fluid pump 160 is shown, for example, in
A further feature of sleeve piston 162 is the provision of alignment tabs or ribs 182 on sleeve portion 170 and generally coextensive with the sleeve portion 170. Alignment tabs or ribs 182 are provided in a suitable location and configuration to engage the pair of longitudinally-directed alignment slots or channels 118 in base member 104 and, more particularly, within each cavity 106 in the base member 104. Alignment tabs 182 define the cooperating structures mentioned previously which engage alignment channels 118. The engagement of alignment tabs 182 in alignment channels 118 acts to orient fluid pump 160 within cavity 106, maintains axial alignment between the fluid pump 160 and cavity 106 and, more particularly, between sleeve piston 162 and base member 104 during sliding reciprocal movement of the sleeve piston 162 in cavity 106 in base member 104 during operation of fluid pump 160, and operate as a keying feature as noted previously.
Interface portion 172 on sleeve piston 162 comprises a drive interface portion 184 which is adapted to engage piston drive elements of drive system 600 (described herein) to effect motion of sleeve piston 162 relative to base member 104. Interface portion 172 may be formed with an open or hollow cross-sectional shape or space 186, for example, of generally semi-circular transverse or vertical cross-section. Interface portion 172 defines an interface or attachment aperture 188 which provides a location or structure for interfacing with a piston drive element or component of drive system 600. In particular, interface aperture 188 may be adapted to provide a location whereby sleeve piston 162 may physically interface or connect with a piston drive element or component of drive system 600 used to operate sleeve piston 162 and move the sleeve piston 162 relative to base member 104 and relative to insertion piston 164. Interface portion 172 may comprise one or more depending flanges 190 that depend or extend downward from interface portion 172 and enhance the structural strength of interface portion 172 and may have additional functions in this embodiment and other embodiments described herein. Interface aperture 188 may be located proximal of flanges 190 (e.g., behind) and axially between the flanges 190.
As noted previously, insertion piston 164 is adapted to access internal cavity 174 defined by sleeve portion 170 of sleeve piston 162. Insertion piston 164 is reciprocally movable within sleeve portion 170 of sleeve piston 162 and, with piston 164 disposed within sleeve portion 170, pistons 162, 164 cooperate to form or define a fluid pumping chamber of 192 of each fluid pump 160. Piston 164 comprises a piston head 194 and a proximally extending piston rod 196. Piston head 194 and piston rod 196 may be an integral structure as illustrated or be separate structures that are joined together by the joining methods outlined previously. Piston rod 196 comprises a generally X-shaped configuration and terminates at a proximal end thereof with a drive interface portion 198 defining a second interface aperture or attachment aperture 200 of similar configuration to first interface aperture or attachment aperture 188. In a similar manner to first drive interface portion 184 and first interface aperture 188, second drive interface portion 198 and second interface aperture 200 provide a location whereby insertion piston 164 may physically interface or connect with a piston driving element or component of drive system 600 used to operate piston 164 and move the piston 164 relative to sleeve piston 162 and, further, base member 104.
Piston head 194 desirably exhibits a generally curved or arcuate-shaped distal end 202. A polymeric cover or layer 204 is desirably provided on piston head 194 to form the arcuate-shaped distal end 202 thereof. Polymeric layer 204 desirably defines one or more circumferential sealing ribs 205 to form a fluid seal with the inner wall of sleeve portion 170 of sleeve piston 162. The curved, arcuate shape of distal end 202 of piston head 194 is desirably shaped to cooperate or engage with a correspondingly curved or arcuate-shaped internal end wall 206 within sleeve portion 170 and opposing the piston head 194 when piston 164 is disposed in sleeve portion 170 of sleeve piston 162. The corresponding shapes of distal end 202 of piston head 194 and end wall 206 are desirable for several reasons including because the curved shape of end wall 206 permits sleeve portion 170 to withstand high pressures without significant deformation due to its domed shape. While only a single sealing rib 205 is shown on piston head 194 in the present embodiment, additional spaced sealing ribs may be on polymeric cover or layer 204 as desired, and as provided for herein in connection with other embodiments.
Piston rod 196 may have a generally X-shaped cross-section defined by individual flange elements 207 and is desirably reinforced with a proximal disc element 208 located distally forward of second drive interface portion 198 as illustrated. Proximal disc element 208 may have a polymeric layer 209 provided on the outer circumferential edge of disc element 208. Polymeric layer 209 is desirably a similar material to polymeric layer 204 on piston head 194. Proximal disc element 208 enhances stability of piston 164 as it operates within sleeve portion 170 of sleeve piston 162. It will be appreciated that polymeric layer 204 and, particularly, sealing rib(s) 205 forms a generally fluid tight seal between piston head 194 and the inner wall of sleeve portion 170 of sleeve piston 162 such that pumping chamber 192 is a generally fluid tight chamber during a static, non-moving situation of pistons 162, 164 or during a dynamic, operational movement of pistons 162, 164. Polymeric layer 204 and polymeric layer 209 may be formed of any of the materials detailed previously in connection with fluid seal elements 120 and are desirably overmolded polyurethane layers and the like. Proximal disc element 208 and the applied polymeric layer 209 provide additional fluid sealing assistance as piston 164 operates in sleeve portion 170 and aids in keeping pumping chamber 192 sealed and free from external sources of contamination. Other embodiments described herein disclose that a polymeric layer may also be provided on the outward edges of individual flange elements 207 for additional sealing and stability advantages. Any polymeric layer on the outward edges of flange elements 207 is typically a result of an injection molding process used to apply polymeric material to form polymeric cover 204 and polymeric seal layer 209 and may or may not engage the inner wall of sleeve portion 370 in accordance with this disclosure.
As noted previously, in one desirable embodiment of fluid pumping device 100, fluid pumping device 100 may be provided in a cassette or cartridge form that is optionally disposable after a single or a multiple number of discrete uses. In such an embodiment, fluid pumping device 100 may be part of fluid delivery system 10 comprising fluid pumping device 100 and drive system 600, as schematically illustrated in
Piston positioning devices 604 could be provided in several different forms to effect movement, typically linear reciprocal movement, of pistons 162, 164 in fluid pumps 160. For example, piston positioning devices 604 could be a ball screw shaft driven by a motor, a voice coil actuator, a rack-and-pinion gear drive, a linear motor, and the like. While it is often desirable that piston positioning devices 604 be identical devices, this should not be considered as foreclosing the possibility that different configurations may be used to effect movement of pistons 162, 164 in each fluid pump 160. For example, it is possible to use a rack and pinion gear drive to effect movement of sleeve piston 162 while using a linear motor to effect movement of insertion piston 164 in each fluid pump 160 and vice versa. In other words, various types of controlled mechanical devices may be mixed and matched for piston positioning devices 604 in fluid pump actuators 602 of drive system 600.
It is also be possible for pistons 162, 164 in each fluid pump 160 to share a single or common piston positioning device 604 which would form the fluid pump actuator 602. For example, such a common or single piston positioning device 604 could be in the form of a single ball screw shaft that has two ball nuts attached, permitting pistons 162, 164 to be positioned independently on a single screw in each fluid pump 160. No matter what format is used for piston positioning or movement devices 604 in fluid pump actuators 602, a desirable feature is that the position, velocity, and acceleration of each piston positioning or movement device 604 may be controlled independently, for example, by a control device interfaced with the respective piston positioning devices 604. Such a control device (not shown) may be a controller or computer with an algorithm that can operate the individual piston positioning devices 604 associated with fluid pump actuators 602. Such a control device may receive inputs from piston positioning devices 604 relating to the position of piston positioning member 606 associated with each piston positioning device 604 and this information is used to effect controlled movement of pistons 162, 164 in each fluid pump 160.
Referring further to
As noted previously, fluid pumps 160 are configured such that, under the action of drive system 600, pistons 162, 164 in each fluid pump 160 may be separately controlled and, therefore, are separately positionable relative to one another. Stated another way, each insertion piston 164 is movable relative to its opposing sleeve piston 164 and vice versa. Base member 104 forming pump housing 102 forms a static support structure from which pistons 162, 164 may move relative to one another during the operation of fluid pumping device 100. Accordingly, it is possible for insertion piston 164 to move while the opposing sleeve piston 164 remains stationary and vice versa as desired. For clarity in explaining operation of fluid pumps 160 in fluid pumping device 100, the following discussion will describe the operation of one fluid pump 160, namely, the fluid pump 160 immediately below and adjacent manifold inlet ports 146a; 146c; 146e. It will be appreciated that the additional or “second” fluid pump 160(2) in fluid pumping device 100 may be operated in the same manner and, additionally, in a staggered mode from the “first” fluid pump 160(1) so that continuous fluid delivery may be provided at patient administration manifold outlet port 146g, as described herein.
The ability of pistons 162, 164 to move independently under the motive force provided drive system 600 allows, for example, sleeve piston 162 to remain stationary proximate to one of manifold openings 142 in base member 104 so that sleeve opening or sleeve port 176 in sleeve portion 170 of sleeve piston 162 is associated with a selected manifold opening 142 or, possibly, two or more adjacent manifold openings 142 with proper (elongated) sizing of sleeve port 176. As a reminder, it is noted that manifold openings 142 coincide with the respective openings 144 in fluid seal elements 120. As a further reminder, it is noted that each manifold opening 142 is in fluid communication or connection with one of the manifold ports 146, respectively, via an associated connecting fluid port 138 and fluid passageways 140. In the present example, it may be assumed that sleeve piston 162 is positioned such that sleeve port 176 in sleeve portion 170 is located proximate to manifold opening 142a connecting to fluid passageway 140a and associated fluid port 138a, as shown in
As described previously, fluid port 138a and manifold connector port 136a together define manifold inlet port 146a which, in the instant example, is associated with a bulk “saline” source 14 contained in fluid container 16 identified as saline S1 in
Once the next manifold port 146 is selected, for example, manifold inlet port 146b, sleeve piston 162 is halted with sleeve portion 170 positioned such that sleeve port 176 aligns with manifold opening 142b to allow fluid communication between pumping chamber 192 and the manifold inlet port 146b. At this location, fluid communication is present between pumping chamber 192 and manifold inlet port 146b via fluid passageway 140b, manifold opening 142b, and sleeve port 176 in the manner described previously. As sleeve piston 162 is held positioned at the selected manifold opening 142b, opposing piston 164 may again be moved axially and generally linearly away from sleeve piston 162. As this movement occurs, fluid, now contrast media from bulk “contrast A1” container 16 is drawn into pumping chamber 192 under the negative pressure caused by the movement of piston 164. In particular, contrast A1 fluid is drawn into manifold inlet port 146b, passes to connecting fluid passageway 140b, and enters pumping chamber 192 via the alignment of sleeve port 176 and manifold opening 142b. As contrast A1 fluid enters pumping chamber 192, the contrast A1 fluid mixes with saline S1 present in pumping chamber 192 which dilutes the contrast A1 fluid. It will be appreciated that the amount of saline S1 and contrast A1 fluid drawn into pumping chamber 192 may be controlled by the distance piston 164 is retracted relative to sleeve piston 162 in each of the foregoing “fill” procedures; this retracted distance defines a specific volume of fluid drawn into pumping chamber 192. Accordingly, the proportion of the two fluids in pumping chamber 192 is controlled by the axial distance piston 164 is withdrawn within sleeve portion 170 of sleeve piston 162 in each of the foregoing “fill” procedures.
As the generally linear movement of piston 164 is incrementally controlled by fluid pump actuator 602 and fluid pump actuator 602 is typically controlled by the control device, and such a control device may be used to precisely control the amount of volume of contrast A1 fluid and the amount or volume of saline S1 that is present in pumping chamber 192 and, thereby, control the mixture or concentration of contrast media fluid to be delivered to a patient. Such a control device may include a user interface device such as a touch screen, keyboard, handcontroller, or a wireless device, for example, in the form of a personal data assistant, which is used to enter data inputs to the control device. The control device includes software programming that converts the data inputs into specific movements of pistons 162, 164 to arrive, for example, at specific contrast media concentrations or mixtures in pumping chamber 192. When a desired amount of contrast A1 fluid is drawn into pumping chamber 192 under the moving action of piston 164, both pistons 162, 164 may be moved substantially synchronously to establish another inlet fluid path, if desired, such as an inlet fluid path associated with manifold inlet port 146b to receive additional contrast media fluid (in this case “contrast A1” fluid) or another fluid altogether or, alternatively, pistons 162, 164 may be moved (substantially in synch for the reasons noted previously) to a selected manifold outlet port 146, such as manifold outlet port 146g which serves as a patient fluid administration port connected to patient fluid path 12 in the instant example.
If it is assumed that patient manifold outlet port 146g is selected, pistons 162, 164 move substantially in synch with one another to manifold opening 142g associated with manifold outlet port 146g, with sleeve piston 162 desirably stopping proximate to manifold opening 142g, thereby establishing an outlet fluid path from pumping chamber 192 to patient manifold outlet port 146g. In particular, at this location, sleeve port 176 in sleeve portion 170 of sleeve piston 162 substantially aligns with the selected “outlet” manifold opening 142g. As this alignment occurs, fluid communication is established between pumping chamber 192 and fluid passageway 140g. As described previously, fluid passageway 140g fluidly connects to fluid port 138g, and fluid port 138g and manifold connector port 136g together define patient manifold outlet port 146g. Desirably, a suitable fluid connection is made between patient manifold outlet port 146g and patient fluid path 12 leading to the patient. Once the foregoing fluid communication path is established, the piston positioning device 604 associated with sleeve piston 162 “fixes” the location of sleeve piston 162. As sleeve piston 162 is held substantially stationary, piston 164 may be moved by its associated piston positioned device 604 to begin a pumping or ejection stroke or movement. In the pumping or ejection stroke, as illustrated in
While the foregoing example describes how two fluids may be received and mixed in pumping chamber 192, this is only intended as a representative example of how fluid pumping device 100 may operate. As noted in the foregoing, additional fluids may be received into pumping chamber 192 by the method described hereinabove so that a multi-fluid mixture comprising at least three fluids may be present in pumping chamber 192. Moreover, it may be desirable only to load one type of fluid into pumping chamber 192. As an example, after the fluid mixture of contrast A1 fluid and saline S1 is injected into the patient according to the foregoing description, it may be desirable to clear the patient-connecting fluid path 12 of residual contrast media fluid. In such a circumstance, saline S1 alone may loaded into pumping chamber 192 by “selecting” only manifold inlet port 146a according to the foregoing method and injecting this saline bolus into the patient fluid path 12 via patient manifold outlet port 146g.
In actual practice, as illustrated in
Accordingly, in summary, staggered operation of fluid pumps 160 allows fluid to be supplied continuously. While one fluid pump 160(2) is filling with fluid (
From the foregoing, it will be appreciated that several distinct advantages are provided by fluid pumping device 100 over the prior art discussed previously. First, fluid pumping device 100 may deliver two or more types of fluid sequentially or as a mixture and it is possible to have one fluid delivery system 10 including fluid pumping device 100 with two fluid pumps 160 to deliver a large number of different types of fluid, again, either sequentially or as a mixture. Additionally, a controlled proportional mixture of two or more types of fluid may easily be delivered. The mixture may be a blend of two, three, or even four different fluids; the only limitation is the number of available manifold inlet ports 146. The proportion of each type of fluid may be controlled with substantial precision since the proportion is determined by the position of insertion piston 164 relative to sleeve piston 162 in each fluid pump 160. Moreover, since mixing occurs within each pumping chamber 192 of fluid pumps 160, the resulting mixture will be more homogenous than that delivered by a fluid delivery system in which mixing occurs in an outlet channel or means downstream of a pump as is conventional in art.
Further, it is also possible to pump fluid in both directions (i.e., reverse flow), if desired. This may be accomplished via suitable programming of the control device associated fluid pumping device 100 to allow sequencing of pistons 162, 164 through “reverse” operating steps in fluid pumps 160. This feature enables fluid pumping device 100 to flush and/or purge air from the respective fluid paths associated with each manifold port 146a-f described previously and patient fluid path 12 associated with patient manifold outlet port 146g, as well as waste manifold outlet port 146h if desired. Typically, saline is used as a flushing fluid and flushing and/or air purging may be accomplished at any time by drawing in saline from a saline fluid source such saline S1, S2 containers 16 depicted in
In operation, fluid pumping device 100 provides a smooth, generally uniform flow of fluid because each piston 162, 164 in fluid pumps 160 is independently controlled. By also synchronizing the motion of two fluid pumps 160 such that one fluid pump 160 is in a fill cycle while the other is in an ejection cycle, it is possible to deliver substantially non-pulsatile flow on a continuous basis with only two fluid pumps 160. As noted previously, the magnitude of deceleration of the insertion piston 164 in one fluid pump 160 ordinarily substantially matches the acceleration magnitude of the insertion piston 164 in the second fluid pump 160 to provide a seamless delivery of fluid at the selected manifold outlet port 146g, 146h. The ability to deliver fluids at a generally constant, uniform controlled flow rate may be effected regardless of outlet pressure because an actively-controlled manifold port system is provided. As a result, volumetric efficiency of fluid pumping device 100 does not vary as a function of outlet pressure and/or flow rate.
Moreover, because fluid pumping device 100 comprises an actively controlled manifold port system, the dimensions of manifold ports 146, connecting passageways 140, and manifold openings 142 may be optimized to minimize pressure losses and may be of virtually any shape or dimension. As a result, dimensions of the fluid paths formed by manifold ports 146, connecting passageways 140, and manifold openings 142 may be sized to minimize pressure drops and maximize the overall performance of the respective fluid pumps 160 and, further, minimize the potential for pump cavitation due to inlet port restrictions.
Another feature described previously is the provision of only a single access opening or port 176 to pumping chamber 192. This configuration has the benefit of isolating almost all of the manifold openings 142 in base member 104 from the effects of high pressures; only the manifold outlet ports 146g, 146h are subjected to the high pressures of the fluid ejection cycle. An accompanying benefit of the foregoing configuration is minimizing the potential for reverse flow due to leakage from high-pressure manifold outlet ports 146g, 146h to low-pressure manifold inlet ports 146a-f.
Furthermore, another advantage of fluid pumping device 100 and fluid delivery system 10 incorporating the same is the ability to discard or dispose of fluid pumping device 100 after a single use or a discrete number of uses. As a result, fluid pumping device 100 may be made from relatively inexpensive materials and by well-known processes so as to be disposable while a “permanent” drive system 600 is reused. As is evident from
As generally described in connection with
Piston positioning devices 604 could be provided in several different forms to effect movement, typically linear movement, of pistons 162, 164 in each fluid pumps 160, specific examples of which were detailed previously. Furthermore, as noted previously, it is also possible for pistons 162, 164 in each fluid pump 160 to share a single or common piston positioning device 604 which would form the fluid pump actuator 602. No matter what format is used for the respective piston positioning or movement devices 604 in fluid pump actuators 602, a desirable feature is that the position, velocity, and acceleration of each piston positioning or movement device 604 may be controlled independently, for example, by a control device interfaced with the respective piston positioning devices 604. Such a control device, as noted previously, may be a controller or computer with an algorithm which can operate the individual piston positioning devices 604 associated with each fluid pump actuators 602. Such a control device may receive inputs from piston positioning devices 604 relating to the position of the piston positioning member 606 associated with each piston positioning device 604 and this information used to effect movement of pistons 162, 164 in each fluid pump 160.
Referring now to
Piston drive element 618 is desirably hollow and is open at its proximal end 624 to interface with a linkage device 626 which is used to transfer the motive forces provided by drive motor 614 and drive shaft 616 to piston positioning member 606 generally and piston drive element 618 in particular. Linkage device 626 may take many known mechanical forms for converting the rotational drive output of drive motor 614 and drive shaft 616 to translational movement of piston positioning member 606 so that pistons 162, 164 may exhibit the linear movement described previously in this disclosure which, as should be clear from the foregoing discussion, is intended to be bi-directional linear movement. Linkage device 626 in the illustrated exemplary embodiment comprises a ball screw shaft 628 rotationally journaled in a ball screw nut 630, namely, by threaded engagement as is known in the mechanical arts. Ball screw nut 630 is connected to the proximal end 624 of piston drive element 618 of piston positioning member 606. As an example, ball screw nut 630 may be fixed internally in the open proximal end 624 of piston drive element 618, for example, by a threaded engagement. Ball screw shaft 628 extends through an opening in proximal or rear supporting wall 612. A thrust washer 632 (and bearing located behind the thrust washer 632) may be disposed in the opening in proximal or rear supporting wall 612 to support rotational movement of ball screw shaft 628 in the opening. An anti-rotation collar 634 is connected to ball screw nut 630 and, further, is connected to a fixed guide rail 636 extending between supports walls 610, 612 to prevent rotation of the ball screw nut 630 when ball screw shaft 628 is rotating. It is noted that four such fixed guide rails 636 are provided to enable operation of each of the four piston positioning devices 604. As illustrated, anti-rotation collar 634 is connected to guide rail 636 so as to slide along guide rail 636 such that ball screw nut 630 translates linearly under the threaded connection with ball screw shaft 628 when the ball screw shaft 628 is rotating. A proximal end 638 of ball screw shaft 628 extends through the opening in proximal support wall 612 for interfacing with drive motor 614 and drive shaft 616. In particular, a pulley 640 is mounted to ball screw shaft 628 and a timing belt 642 is reeved about pulley 640 and a second pulley 643 mounted to the end of drive shaft 616 and is used to rotationally interface the drive shaft 616 and the ball screw shaft 628. The pulley 640 and timing belt 642 permit rotational movement of drive shaft 616 to be imparted to ball screw shaft 628 as will apparent to those skilled in the mechanical arts. A sensor pin 644 desirably extends laterally outward from piston drive element 618 of piston positioning member 606 in each piston positioning device 604, which is positioned to engage a home sensor 646 provided on the pump-facing side or front side of distal support wall 610 to provide an indication of a “zero” or “home” position of pistons 162, 164 in each fluid pumping device 160. Accordingly, four such home sensors 646 are present in connection with drive system 600.
In operation, to effect movement of piston positioning member 606, motor drive shaft 616 is driven by drive motor 614 and this rotational movement is imparted to the pulley 640 mounted to ball screw shaft 628 via timing belt 642. As ball screw shaft 628 rotates, ball screw nut 630 translates (forward or backward) along the ball screw shaft 628 due to their threaded engagement. Ball screw nut 630 is prevented from rotating by the engagement of anti-rotation collar 634 with guide rail 636. As described previously, ball screw nut 630 is connected to piston drive element 618 of piston positioning member 606, for example, by a threaded connection. As ball screw nut 630 translates, piston drive element 618 and, hence, piston positioning member 606 generally, moves with the ball screw nut 630. By this translational movement of ball screw nut 630 on ball screw shaft 628, bi-directional linear movement of pistons 162, 164 may be effected. As noted previously, each of the two pump actuators 602 comprises a pair of piston positioning devices 604, one to interface with sleeve piston 162 and one to interface with insertion piston 164 for each of the two fluid pumps 160. In the previous discussion regarding the filling and ejecting cycles for the two fluid pumps 160 in fluid pumping device 100, it was noted that while one of the fluid pumps 160 is filling with fluid, the other will be ejecting fluid into patient fluid path 12 for delivery to a patient (and vice versa). In general, as noted in the foregoing, it is desirable for the fill cycle to occur at a slightly faster rate than the ejection cycle. This slightly faster rate allows sufficient time for the “filling” pistons 162, 164 to stop, reverse direction, and begin to accelerate before the “ejecting” pistons 162, 164 completely empty the associated pumping chamber 192 for the ejecting fluid pump 160. Drive system 600 allows each of the four piston positioning devices 604 to be independently controlled by a control device to effect such operation as described previously.
A basic operating sequence for the adjacent fluid pumps 160 will now be discussed. In operation, the pump actuator 602 associated with one of the fluid pumps 160 is controlled by the control device so that the drive motors 614 associated with the opposed piston positioning devices 604 are driven substantially synchronously (at the same speed) to move pistons 162, 164 associated with that fluid pump 160 substantially in unison. Since there is substantially no relative motion between pistons 162, 164, fluid will not be pulled into pumping chamber 192 as they move together. The pistons 162, 164 are moved until sleeve opening or port 176 in the sleeve portion 170 of sleeve piston 162 is aligned with a desired manifold inlet port 146. The position of sleeve piston 162 is held constant by its associated piston positioning device 604 while insertion piston 164 is retracted by its associated piston positioning device 604 by actuation of the drive motor 614 associated with this piston positioning device 604 in the opposite direction. This action causes pumping chamber 192 to fill with fluid from the selected manifold inlet port 146. If desired, pistons 162, 164 may be moved together to an additional manifold inlet port 146, again substantially in unison by substantially synchronous operation of the drive motors 614, so that fluid will not be pulled into pumping chamber 192 as they move together. Upon reaching the next manifold inlet port 146, only insertion piston 164 is moved by its associated piston positioning device 604 by reverse operation drive motor 614 to draw in fluid from the next source. The pistons 162, 164 are then moved substantially synchronously, again by substantially synchronous (at the same speed) operation of the drive motors 614 associated with the respective piston positioning devices 604 to a selected manifold outlet port 146. Again, since there is no relative motion between pistons 162, 164 during this translational movement, fluid will not be expelled from pumping chamber 192. Once sleeve port 176 in sleeve piston 162 is aligned with the selected manifold outlet port 146, movement of sleeve piston 162 is stopped by, for example, the associated control device stopping operation of the drive motor 614 associated with the piston positioning device 604 operating sleeve piston 162. The opposed insertion piston 164 is then moved into sleeve piston 162 to eject fluid through sleeve port 176 in sleeve portion 170 of sleeve piston 162 and out through the selected manifold outlet port 146. This movement is effected, for example, by operation of the drive motor 614 associated with piston positioning device 604 operating the insertion piston 164. It will be apparent that the adjacent or second fluid pump 160 operates in an identical manner but out of phase or “staggered” from the operation of the first fluid pump 160 so that substantially constant flow is provided by fluid pumping device 100 generally, as described previously.
For the associated control device to accurately control the staggered operation of fluid pumps 160, in an initial or start-up mode both pistons 162, 164 are actuated to move together until the sensor pin 644 associated with the piston positioning device 604 operating sleeve piston 162 engages and actuates its associated home sensor 646. The home sensor 646 may use, for example, an infrared LED and photosensor to detect the presence of sensor pin 644 mounted to the piston drive element 618 of the piston positioning member 606 of the piston positioning device 604. With sleeve piston 162 then held stationary, the opposing piston 164 is moved by its associated piston positioning device 604 until its home sensor 646 is actuated in the same manner. From this point on, the computer-based control device keeps track of the positions of pistons 162, 164 as the “zero” or “home” positions of both pistons 162, 164 are now known. As shown in
Referring to
In contrast to that discussed previously, sleeve piston 162 in the present embodiment is provided with a dual or double rim end flange 180 which is likewise formed as part of sleeve portion 170. End flange 180 comprises two spaced apart rim flange elements 212 which define an intervening space 214 for interfacing with piston attachment or interfacing elements (discussed herein) associated with drive system 700 and specifically suited to operation of fluid pumping device 100 according to the present embodiment. A distal or “interior” one of the two spaced rim flange elements 212 still forms an interfering structure at first end 166 of sleeve piston 162 to engage radial end flange 158 at end 122 of base member 104 to limit linear travel of the sleeve piston 162 relative to base member 104, as described previously in this disclosure.
Referring now to
As noted, each fluid pump actuator 702 in drive system 700 again utilizes two piston positioning devices 704, designated 704(1) and 704(2) hereinafter for convenience. As described herein, piston positioning devices 704(1) and 704(2) are concurrently supported on a movable support device. One of such piston positioning devices 704(1) is substantially identical to the piston positioning devices 604 described hereinabove in connection with drive system 600. This piston positioning device 704(1) is adapted in a similar manner to piston positioning device 604 to interface with insertion piston 164. Piston positioning device 704(1) comprises a drive motor 714 having a motor housing 715 and a drive shaft 716 to provide motive forces to the piston positioning device 704(1). Piston positioning device 704(1) comprises a piston positioning member 706 for interfacing with insertion piston 164. Piston positioning member 706 comprises a piston drive element 718 which terminates at a distal end 720 in a simple peg 722 for engaging with interface aperture 200 in drive interface portion 198 of piston rod 196 of piston 164. Such a simple “pegged” interface for associating piston positioning member 706 with piston 164 is again merely exemplary and numerous removable interface configurations may be substituted as indicated previously.
Piston drive element 718 is desirably hollow and may be open (not shown) at its proximal end 724 to interface with a linkage device 726 which is used to transfer the motive forces provided by drive motor 714 and drive shaft 716 to piston positioning member 706 generally and piston drive element 718 in particular. Linkage device 726 may again take many known mechanical forms for converting the rotational drive output of drive motor 714 and drive shaft 716 to translational movement of piston positioning member 706 so that the second piston 164 may exhibit the bi-directional linear movement described previously in this disclosure. Linkage device 726 in the illustrated exemplary embodiment again comprises a ball screw shaft 728 rotationally journaled in a ball screw nut 730, namely, by threaded engagement as described previously.
In contrast to drive system 600 discussed previously, piston drive element 718 now extends through an opening 732 in proximal or rear supporting wall 712 extending upward from support base 708 in pump compartment 24. An anti-rotation collar 734 is connected to ball screw nut 730 and, further, is connected to a guide rail 736 which passes through an opening 737 in proximal support wall 712. In drive system 600, a similar guide rail extended between supports walls 610, 612 to prevent rotation of ball screw nut 630 when ball screw shaft 628 is rotating. In the present embodiment, guide rail 736 is supported by a piston interface structure connected to the motor housing 715 of drive motor 714 as described herein. As illustrated, anti-rotation collar 734 may connect to guide rail 736 so as to slide along guide rail 736 such that ball screw nut 730 translates linearly under the threaded connection with ball screw shaft 728 when the ball screw shaft 728 is rotating. Ball screw shaft 728 comprises a proximal end portion 738 and the ball screw shaft 728 is operatively associated with a pulley 740 and a timing belt 742 combination. In particular, pulley 740 is mounted to the proximal end portion 738 of ball screw shaft 728 and timing belt 742 is reeved about pulley 740 and a second pulley 743 mounted to the end of drive shaft 716 and is used to rotationally interface the drive shaft 716 and the ball screw shaft 728; this arrangement is similar to ball screw shaft 628 and pulley 640 described previously and reference may be made to this previously discussed arrangement. The pulley 740 and timing belt 742 permit rotational movement of drive shaft 716 to be imparted to ball screw shaft 728 as will be apparent to those skilled in the mechanical arts. A sensor pin 744 desirably extends upward from a collar portion 747 provided at the proximal end 724 of piston drive element 718 of piston positioning member 706 in piston positioning device 704(1). Sensor pin 744 is positioned to engage a home sensor 746 mounted to proximal support wall 712 to provide an indication of a “zero” or “home” position of the insertion piston 164 in each fluid pumping device 160 of fluid pumping device 100. Accordingly, two such home sensors 746 are present in connection with drive system 700, one for each fluid pump actuator 702, to obtain sensor information of the “zero” or “home” position of insertion piston 164 in each fluid pump 160.
In contrast to drive system 600 described previously, each fluid pump actuator 702 comprises a modified or second piston positioning device 704(2) which is different from the piston positioning device 604 described previously and piston positioning device 704(1) described in the immediate foregoing disclosure. Second or modified positioning device 704(2) is substantially adapted to interface with sleeve piston 162 in the fluid pumps 160 of fluid pumping device 100. Piston positioning device 704(2) comprises a piston interface and support structure 748 for interfacing with sleeve piston 162 and, in particular, with dual or double rim end flange 180 associated with the sleeve piston 162. As noted in the foregoing, end flange 180 comprises two spaced apart rim flange elements 212 which define an intervening space 214. Piston interface structure 748 comprises a U-shaped saddle element 750 which is adapted to engage the intervening space 214 between rim flange elements 212. Saddle element 750 is connected to and supported at least on one side thereof by guide rail 736 which extends between the saddle element 750 and a rear support plate 752. Rear support plate 752 is desirably secured to the rear or proximal side of the motor housing 715 of drive motor 714 and may be considered to be part of the piston interface structure 748. Rear support plate 752 comprises cylindrical support portion 754 that defines a recessed cavity 756 sized to permit passage into or at least limited entry therein of the proximal end 724 of piston drive element 718. Rear support plate 752 defines an opening (not shown) in cavity 756 which permits passage of ball screw shaft 728 so the ball screw shaft 728 may operatively interface with pulley 740. Guide rail 736 is affixed at its distal end to cylindrical support portion 754 of rear support plate 752. In an analogous manner to that described in connection with drive system 600, a thrust washer 757, similar to thrust washer 632, and an associated bearing (not shown) located behind thrust washer 757 may be used to rotationally support ball screw shaft 728 in the opening (not shown) in rear support plate 752. Piston interface structure 748 further comprises a support rail 758 opposite from guide rail 736 and which extends between the opposite side of saddle element 750 and, desirably, extends proximally to be connected (not shown) to rear support plate 752 and may likewise be considered part of piston interface structure 748 in drive system 700.
Piston positioning devices 704(1), 704(2) are supported on a supporting sled carriage 760 which is provided to support the drive motor 714 and the components secured to the motor housing 715 of drive motor 714, for example, piston interface structure 748. Sled carriage 760 comprises a distal end 762 and a proximal end 764 and defines a central aperture 766 therethrough from the distal end 762 to the proximal end 764. As illustrated, drive motor 714 is mounted to sled carriage 760 by virtue of a mechanical connection between rear support plate 752 with the proximal end 764 of the sled carriage 760. A support block 765 is also used to mechanically secure the motor housing 715 of drive motor 714 to the sled carriage 760. Opposed lateral sides 768 of sled carriage 760 each comprise one or more rail elements 770, and a sensor plate 772 is provided on at least one lateral side 768 of the sled carriage 760. Sensor plate 772 is operable in combination with a home sensor, described herein and, possibly, additional position sensors which may be used to track positioning and movement of sled carriage 760 and/or for other purposes. Additionally, while not shown, a ball screw nut is provided or formed internally in central aperture 766 to interface with a sled ball screw shaft, also discussed herein, to cause translational movement of sled carriage 760 in this embodiment.
Sled carriage 760 is coupled to and driven by a sled drive system 780 for effecting translational movement of the sled carriage 760 and, hence, all the components supported by the sled carriage 760. Sled drive system 780 is likewise a component of the fluid pump actuator 702. Sled drive system 780 comprises a base portion 782 having two upstanding walls, namely, a distal wall 784 and a proximal wall 786. Base portion 782 is desirably securely affixed to support base 708 of pump compartment 24. Lateral side walls 788 connect the distal and proximal end walls 784, 786, and the end walls 784, 786 and side walls 788 define a receiving cavity 790 for reception of sled carriage 760 therein. Each lateral side wall 788 defines mating tracks 792 for engaging the rail elements 770 on the corresponding lateral sides 768 of sled carriage 760. A sensor support channel 794 desirably extends laterally outward from one lateral side wall 788. Sensor support 794 supports a sled drive home sensor 796 and a rear or proximal position sensor 798. It will be apparent that with sled carriage 760 received in receiving cavity 790, sensor plate 772 is disposed in an intervening space 800 defined between home sensor 796 and proximal sensor 798 and, hence, sufficient forward and backward movement of sled carriage 760 causes sensor plate 772 to actuate home sensor 796 and proximal sensor 772, respectively. In particular, sensor plate 772 may interface with home sensor 796 to determine a “zero” or “home” position of sled carriage 760 which, consequently, identifies the “zero” or “home” position of sleeve piston 162. Additionally, in a similar manner to that described in connection with sensor pin 644 and home sensor 646 in drive system 600, sensor pin 744 interfaces with home sensor 746 to identify the “zero” or “home” of insertion piston 164. Both home sensors 746, 796 and their interaction with sensor pin 744 and sensor plate 772, respectively, are described further herein.
A sled drive ball screw shaft 802 is supported in an opening (not shown) in rear or proximal wall 786 extending upward from base portion 782 by a bearing plate 804 disposed on the front side of the proximal wall 786. Sled ball screw shaft 802 is operatively engaged and driven by a sled drive motor 806 via a motor drive shaft (not shown) in a conventional manner. Sled drive motor 806 may be mounted to the rear side of proximal support wall 786 for driving sled ball screw shaft 802. A front opening 808 may be provided in front or distal wall 784 to permit passage of a distal end 810 of sled ball screw shaft 802 during operation of the sled ball screw shaft 802. When the sled carriage 760 is associated with the sled drive system 780, the sled ball screw shaft 802 extends into the central aperture 766 in sled carriage 760 and rotationally engages with the ball screw nut (not shown) provided in or formed internally in the central aperture 766; a schematic representation of sled carriage 760 comprising an internal ball screw nut is shown in
With specific reference to
In order to support fluid pumping device 100 during operation and, further, to maintain sufficient pressure on fluid seal elements 120 associated with fluid pumps 160 for a generally fluid tight seal to exist between base member 104 and the fluid pumps 160, a pump support and seal device 820 is incorporated into drive system 700. Pump support device 820 is positioned generally under fluid pumping device 100 to support the same from underneath. Generally, pump support device 820 comprises a two-tier platform 822, comprising a table-shaped support portion 824 and a top plate 826. Support portion 824 may be secured to support base 708 in pump compartment 24 by mechanical securing methods and the like.
A plurality of spring-backed rollers 830 are disposed in respective openings 832 defined in top plate 826. Spring-backed rollers 830 each comprise a roller holder 834, a roller element 836, and a supporting or backing spring 838. As illustrated, top plate 826 is spaced apart from a top surface 840 of table support portion 824 and support or backing springs 838 may be disposed in this open area 842. Desirably, individual spring support guides 844 are provided on the top surface 840 of support portion 824 to support the compression and extension of the individual support springs 838, which support the respective roller holders 834. Typically, the spring-backed rollers 830 are disposed so as to engage the depending flanges 190 that depend or extend downward from interface portion 172 of each of the sleeve pistons 162 in fluid pumps 160, particularly in fluid pumping device 100 described in connection with
In operation, the spring-backed rollers 830 apply force directly to the bottom surface of each of the sleeve pistons 162 in fluid pumps 160 via contact engagement with depending flanges 190. The spring-backed or loaded rollers 830 allow the sleeve pistons 162 to be moved in an axial direction with little friction. By using spring-loaded or loaded rollers 830, the effect of manufacturing tolerances within fluid pumping device 100 is minimized. The spring-backed or loaded rollers 830 are adapted to “push” upward until contact is made with sleeve pistons 162, regardless of the actual position of the sleeve pistons 162 or their wall thickness.
Moreover, to ensure that pump support device 820 applies sufficient pressure to fluid seal elements 120 associated with fluid pumps 160 during operation of the fluid pumps 160, a cover plate 846 may be placed in engagement with manifold cap 132 of fluid pumping device 100. Such a cover plate 846 ensures that the upward force applied by pump support device 820 and the spring-backed or loaded rollers 830 is applied directly to fluid seal elements 120. Without the presence of cover plate 846, this upward force may possibly misalign the insertion engagement between pistons 162, 164 and degrade operation of fluid pumps 160. Cover plate 846 may be secured to two lateral support beams 850, 852 extending between opposing support walls 710, 712 in pump compartment 24 and, thereby, support beams 850, 852 form part of the pump compartment 24. As illustrated, support beams 850, 852 may each define an inner ledge 854 to which the lateral sides 112 of base member 104 of pump housing 102 of fluid pumping device 100 may be secured by mechanical connection and the like. Cover plate 846, if desired, may be integrated as part of an enclosure cover for pump chamber 24 which seats against the top surface of manifold cap 132 when the enclosure cover is in a closed, covering position enclosing the pump compartment 24. Such an enclosure cover, for example, a hinged enclosure cover, ideally covers at least the open area defined between opposing support walls 710, 712 in pump compartment 24. Cover plate 846 additionally keeps manifold portion 126 from bowing upward under system pressure.
As noted previously, fluid pumping device 100, according to the embodiment shown in
Since piston position device 704(1) is also mounted to sled carriage 760 via rear support plate 752 and engagement of anti-rotation collar with guide rail 736, the various components of piston position device 704(1) also move in synchronous movement with piston positioning device 704(2), and pistons 162, 164 likewise exhibit synchronous translational movement. As there is no relative motion between pistons 162, 164, fluid will not be pulled into pumping chamber 192 as they move together. Sled carriage 760 is moved by operation of sled drive motor 806 until the sleeve opening or port 176 in the sleeve portion 170 of the sleeve piston 162 is aligned with a desired manifold inlet port 146. The position of sled carriage 760 is then held constant while insertion piston 164 is retracted by actuation of piston positioning device 704(1), which causes the pumping chamber 192 to fill with fluid from the selected manifold inlet port 146. As piston positioning device 704(1) is identical to the piston positioning device 604 discussed previously, operation of piston positioning device 704(1) is also the same. In brief, to effect movement of the piston positioning member 706, drive shaft 716 is driven by drive motor 714 and this rotational movement is imparted to pulley 740 mounted to ball screw shaft 728 via timing belt 742. As ball screw shaft 728 rotates, ball screw nut 730 translates along the ball screw shaft 728, which effects translational linear movement of piston 164 to draw fluid into pumping chamber 192 from the selected manifold inlet port 146.
If it is desired to select an additional manifold inlet port 146, sled carriage 760 may be moved, distally or proximally, in receiving cavity 790, by operation of sled drive motor 806 under the direction of the control device such that sleeve piston 162 is positioned with sleeve port 176 in sleeve portion 170 of the sleeve piston 162 aligned with the next desired manifold inlet port 146. Upon reaching the next desired manifold inlet port 146, only piston positioning device 704(1) is actuated, for example, by the control device, so that piston 164 withdraws in sleeve portion 170 of sleeve piston 162 to draw in fluid into pumping chamber 192 via the second selected manifold inlet port 146.
Once the desired fluid volumes of similar or dissimilar fluids are present in pumping chamber 192, sled carriage 760 may be moved by operation of sled drive motor 806 in the manner described in the foregoing such that sleeve port 176 in sleeve portion 170 of sleeve piston 162 is aligned with a desired manifold outlet port 146, typically the manifold outlet port 146 connected to patient fluid path 12. As described, as sled carriage 760 mounts the components of both piston positioning devices 704(1), 704(2), there is no relative motion between pistons 162, 164 during the translational movement of sled carriage 760 and fluid is not expelled from sleeve portion 170 in sleeve piston 162 during the translational movement of sled carriage 760. Upon reaching the desired manifold outlet port 146, only piston positioning device 704(1) is actuated by the control device so that piston 164 inserts into sleeve portion 170 of sleeve piston 162 to expel fluid from pumping chamber 192 via sleeve port 176 and into the selected manifold outlet port 146. It will be apparent that the adjacent or second fluid pump 160 operates in an identical manner but out of phase or “staggered” from the operation of the “first” fluid pump 160 as described in the foregoing so that substantially constant flow is provided by the fluid pumping device 100 generally.
For the control device to accurately control fluid pumps 160, in an initial or start-up mode or sequence both pistons 162, 164 are actuated to move together distally forward in cavity 790 until sensor plate 772 actuates home sensor 796. Home sensor 796 may use, for example, an infrared LED and photosensor to detect the presence of sensor plate 772. This actuation of home sensor 796 establishes a “zero” or “home” position of the sled carriage 760 and, hence, the “zero” or “home” position of sleeve piston 162 for the control device. With the sled carriage 760 held fixed by the operation of sled drive motor 806 by the control device and, thereby, with sleeve piston 162 held stationary, piston positioning device 704(1) is operated by the control device to move insertion piston 164 until sensor pin 744 engages and actuates its associated home sensor 746. The home sensor 746 may use, again, an infrared LED and photosensor to detect the presence of sensor pin 744 mounted to collar portion 747 on piston drive element 718 of piston positioning member 706 of piston positioning device 704(1). From this point on, the computer-based control device keeps track of the positions of pistons 162, 164 as the “zero” or “home” positions of both pistons 162, 164 are now known.
Drive system 700 has numerous advantages including that drive motors 714 and the pulley 740 and timing belt 742 combination associated with each piston positioning device 704(1) may be optimized for the high forces that are required to actuate insertion pistons 164 in each fluid pump 160 against high fluid pressures encountered during operation of fluid pumps 160. During operation of fluid pumps 160, peak forces may be as high as 600 lbs. Because the insertion pistons 164 move relatively slowly, their piston drives (drive motors 714 and the pulley 740 and timing belt 742 combinations) may use speed reduction (such as optimizing the pulleys and belts) to reduce the required motor torque. Additionally, the sled drive motors 806 may be optimized to drive the sled carriages 760 at high velocities, but with low force. The sled drive motors 806 only need to develop sufficient force overcome friction and inertia in the drive system 700; they are generally not subjected to the high forces that are required to actuate the insertion pistons 164 in fluid pumps 160. Since the required motor torque is low, the sled drive motors 806 are directly coupled to respective sled ball screw shafts 802 without any speed reduction. Accordingly, the drive elements associated with the insertion pistons 164 in fluid pumps 160 generally move with high force and low velocity, and the drive elements associated with the sleeve pistons 162 in fluid pumps 160 generally move with low force and high velocity. Further, the drive motor 714 and sled drive motor 806 do not have to be precisely synchronized because both piston positioning devices 704(1), 704(2) are mounted commonly on sled carriage 760 and there is no relative motion between pistons 162, 164 unless drive motor 714 is energized; this feature enhances volume accuracy of fluid pumping device 100 during operation.
Another embodiment of a fluid pumping device 300 is shown in
Fluid pumping device 300 is again a multi-component device generally comprising a pump housing 302 and one or more fluid pumps 360 which constitute the movable components of fluid pumping device 300 for delivering fluid under pressure to a desired end point, such as patient fluid path 12 shown in
Base member 304 may have any desirable configuration and one such configuration is that of a generally plate-shaped component or element that defines one or more and, desirably, at least two adjacent, generally parallel, and somewhat planar cavities 306. Generally planar cavities 306 are adapted to accept two identical fluid pumps 360. While the illustrated configuration of base member 304 comprises two adjacent planar cavities 306 defined in the underside or bottom side of base member 304 for accepting two like fluid pumps 360, this illustration is again not intended to restrict the possibility of base member 304 forming an additional or several additional planar cavities 306 to accept an additional or several fluid pumps 360 respectively therein. Such an alternative configuration was described previously in connection with the various embodiments of fluid pumping device 100 and reference may be made to the foregoing disclosure for implementing this alternative configuration. For simplicity and expediency, the following discussion describes fluid pumping device 300 with two like fluid pumps 360 as a non-limiting embodiment of fluid pumping device 300. In contrast to previous embodiments of fluid pumping device 100, planar cavities 306 are intended to interface with fluid pumps 360 having a slightly different configuration to fluid pumps 160 described previously which interfaced with generally concave cavities 106. For purposes of explaining the spatial orientation of additional features or components of fluid pumping device 300, base member 304 may again be considered to have a first or top side 308 and a second, bottom, or underside 310. Planar cavities 306 are each formed between two generally parallel side walls 312 depending from underside 310.
To maintain the association of fluid pumps 360 with base member 304, base member 304 comprises a plurality of individual securing members 314 depending from side walls 312 depending from the bottom or underside 310 of the base member 304. In the illustrated embodiment, each side wall 312 has two depending securing members 314 as an exemplary configuration and, therefore, four such securing members 314 are used to support each fluid pump 360 to base member 304 while permitting sliding reciprocal movement of the components of fluid pumps 360 relative to base member 304. Securing members 314 each comprise a distal tab element 316 for engaging a cooperating structure, such as a lip, rib, flange, edge, and the like, on fluid pumps 360 to allow sliding reciprocal movement of the components of fluid pumps 360 relative to base member 304. Tab elements 316 on securing members 314 face inward toward one another and the securing members 314 are spaced apart on the individual side walls 312. While securing members 314 are generally illustrated as depending tab-like structures, these may be replaced by other support configurations. For example, if desired, securing members 314 may be continuous along the opposing side walls 312 of base member 304 defining the planar cavities 306.
As in previous embodiments, fluid seal elements 320 are desirably provided within receiving recesses or grooves in each planar cavity 306 and are used to provide a sealing association between base member 304 and fluid pumps 360 disposed in the respective planar cavities 306. In this manner, a generally fluid seal engagement is provided between each fluid pump 360 and base member 304 within each planar cavity 306 during operation of fluid pumping device 300. In one desirable construction, fluid seal elements 320 may comprise a plurality of O-rings which, for example, may be over-molded to base member 304 within each planar cavity 306 in a subsequent over-molding process to the typical injection-molding process used to form base member 304. Base member 304, in like manner to that described previously, in this disclosure may be formed of rigid or stiff plastic material such as polycarbonate, acrylic, polyethylene terephthalate (PET), or cyclo-olefin polymer (COP). Fluid seal elements 320 are typically formed of elastomeric material such as thermoplastic elastomers (TPE's), thermoplastic polyurethanes (TPU's), or thermoformed rubbers such as nitrile rubber or ethylene propylene diene monomer rubber (EPDM). A soft plastic material may also be used for seal elements 320 such as polypropylene, polyethylene, ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMW), or fluoropolymers such as polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE). Further, a thermosetting rubber may be used for seal elements 320 such as nitrile rubber (acrylonitrile butadiene rubber) or ethylene propylene diene monomer rubber (EPDM).
Base member 304 further comprises an integral manifold portion 326 on top side 308, generally centered between opposing ends 322, 324 of base member 304. Manifold portion 326 extends upward or is generally upstanding from the top side 308 of base member 304 and defines a fluid channel bank 328 comprising a plurality of individual fluid channels. The individual channels in fluid channel bank 328 are defined by a series of individual upstanding walls 330 which generally define the manifold portion 326. As in previous embodiments, a manifold cap 332 is used to enclose fluid channel bank 328 but, as noted, in the present embodiment manifold cap 332 is formed integral with manifold portion 326 and, hence, with base member 304. However, if desired, manifold cap 332 may be formed as a separate component and joined to upstanding walls 330 to enclose the fluid channel bank 328. In contrast to previous embodiments, manifold cap 332 does not comprise a series of upward-opening or “top” fluid ports. In the present embodiment, manifold portion 326 comprises a series of side-opening fluid ports 336 defined by upstanding walls 330 and manifold cap 332; side fluid ports 336 are described further herein.
In the present embodiment, side fluid ports 336 in manifold portion 326 of base member 304 are adapted engage with a pair of manifold side caps 338. Such manifold side caps 338 are adapted to engage the generally open lateral sides of manifold portion 326 defined by upstanding walls 330 and seal the open lateral sides and manifold portion 326. Manifold side caps 338 may be joined to the manifold portion 326 of base member 304 by any of the joining techniques outlined previously, namely, ultrasonic welding, laser welding, adhesive, solvent bonding, by direct mechanical attachment, and like methods. It will be apparent from the accompanying figures that fluid channel bank 328 comprises a plurality of individual fluid passageways or channels 340 defined by the upstanding walls 330 and which are enclosed by manifold cap 332. Side fluid ports 336 provide lateral openings to the respective fluid passageways or channels 340. In the accompanying figures, each fluid passageway 340 is again given an identifier, in the present embodiment, related to the type of fluid to be associated with the fluid passageway, namely a first type, concentration, or brand of contrast A1, A2, a different type, concentration, or brand of contrast B1, B2, and two different sources of bulk saline S1, S2, for ease in discerning one fluid passageway 340 from an adjacent fluid passageway 340 and, accordingly, it will be clear that the basic operation of fluid pumping device 300 is unchanged from previous embodiments of fluid pumping device 100. A pair of manifold openings or apertures 342 is defined in base member 304 within each fluid passageway 340 to provide fluid communication between each fluid passageway 340 and the respective fluid pumps 360 engaged in planar cavities 306. As noted previously, the illustrated embodiment of fluid pumping device 300 comprises two fluid pumps 360 and, consequently, two manifold openings 342 are provided in each fluid passageway 340 to provide fluid communication with the respective fluid pumps 360. However, as indicated previously, this configuration is for exemplary purposes only and may be expanded beyond two fluid pumps 360. In such an arrangement, base member 304 may define an additional or several additional planar cavities 306 and manifold portion 326 may be expanded to encompass this additional or several additional cavities 306 and the accompanying or associated fluid pump(s) 360 disposed therein.
As explained hereinabove, manifold side caps 338 are adapted to engage the generally open lateral sides of manifold portion 326. More particularly, manifold side caps 338 are used to fluidly seal the open lateral sides of manifold portion 326. Manifold side caps 338 are not intended to be interchangeable and, therefore, left and right manifold caps 338 are provided but manifold portion 326 may certainly be constructed to accept interchangeable manifold side caps if desired. Nonetheless, the left and right manifold side caps 338 have generally similar constructions, each comprising a plurality of outward-facing or projecting cylindrical elements 344 forming or defining a series of manifold ports 346 with respective side fluid ports 336 in manifold portion 326 and a plurality of inward-facing or hollow projections 347 which engage the remaining side fluid ports 336 in manifold portion 326 to block or fluidly seal such remaining side fluid ports 336. Projections 347 also reduce “dead” volume present in the respective fluid passageways 340. Manifold ports 346 are given a fluid identifier (contrast A1, A2, a different type of contrast B1, B2, and bulk saline S1, S2,) corresponding to that assigned to the associated fluid passageways 340.
As will be appreciated from the accompanying figures, in the illustrated embodiment, with the manifold side caps 338 in place in association with the left and right lateral sides of manifold portion 326, three manifold ports 346 are provided on each lateral side of the manifold portion 326 while each of the remaining side fluid ports 336 are sealed with respective projections 347 on the manifold side caps 338. Manifold side caps 338 may be secured to base member 304 to fluidly seal the open lateral sides of manifold portion 326 by any of the various joining methods described previously in this disclosure.
As noted in the foregoing, in contrast to previous embodiments, fluid seal elements 320 may comprise O-rings. In the present embodiment, the plurality of fluid seal elements 320, namely O-rings, are desirably positioned within respective recesses or grooves 348 defined in the underside or bottom side 310 of base member 304. In particular, each circumferential or perimetrical recess or groove 348 is defined about a respective manifold opening or aperture 342 defined in base member 304 to receive one the fluid seal elements 320 to individually seal these openings or apertures 342. Base member 304 may comprise depending interior rim flanges 349 which, at least in part, define the respective manifold openings 342. It will be apparent, for example, from
Also in contrast to previous embodiments, a dedicated waste outlet port 352 and a pressure sensor port 354 may be defined in base member 304, desirably in a central support bridge 356 which connects lateral halves of base member 304 that define the respective planar cavities 306. Waste outlet port 352 is formed to extend or project from the underside 310 of base member 304 so as to connect or interface with a connector on waste fluid line 22 which leads to an appropriate medical waste fluid container (not shown). Pressure sensor port 354 is similarly configured on the underside 310 of base member 304 for connection to a connector on a fluid conduit line leading to a pressure sensor (not shown). As shown, for example, in
Turning to fluid pumps 360, fluid pumps 360 are located within the respective planar cavities 306 defined in base member 304, as generally described previously. Fluid pumps 360 each comprise two opposing pistons 362, 364, which may be referred to herein as a first piston or sleeve piston 362 and a second piston or insertion piston 364 for non-limiting identification purposes. As each fluid pump 360 is identical having identical pistons 362, 364, the following discussion again outlines the structure of one such fluid pump 360 used in fluid pumping device 300. In the illustrated embodiment, opposing pistons 362, 364 are configured such that piston 364 may be disposed or inserted at least partially into sleeve piston 362. For this purpose, sleeve piston 362 may have a generally cylindrical configuration with opposing first and second ends 366, 368. Sleeve piston 362 generally comprises a sleeve portion 370 wherein piston 364 may be inserted or disposed and which forms or defines first end 366 of the sleeve piston 362. Sleeve piston 362 further comprises an extended, somewhat triangular-shaped interface portion 372 that extends from sleeve portion 370. Sleeve portion 370 defines an internal cavity 374 accessible via a sleeve top opening or port 376.
Sleeve piston 362 further comprises a rectangular-shaped top portion 378 from which sleeve portion 370 depends. It will be apparent, for example, from
As noted previously, insertion piston 364 is adapted to access internal cavity 374 defined by sleeve portion 370 of sleeve piston 362. Insertion piston 364 is reciprocally movable within sleeve portion 370 of sleeve piston 362 and, with piston 364 disposed within sleeve portion 370, pistons 362, 364 cooperate to form or define a fluid pumping chamber 392 of fluid pump 360. Piston 364 comprises a piston head 394 and a proximally extending piston rod 396. Piston rod 396 comprises a generally X-shaped configuration and terminates at a proximal end thereof with a drive interface flange 398 comprising a flange lip 399 defining, in the illustrated embodiment, a generally U-shaped slot 400 for interfacing with drive system 900 described herein in connection with
Piston rod 396 is desirably formed of a generally rigid plastic material such as polycarbonate and piston head 394 is desirably formed of a polymeric material such as polyurethane and the like that is overmolded onto a distal end of piston rod 396. Piston head 394 exhibits a generally curved or arcuate-shaped configuration. The polymeric material defining piston head 394 desirably defines one or more circumferential sealing ribs 402 to form a fluid seal with the inner wall of sleeve portion 370 of sleeve piston 362. The curved shape of piston head 394 is desirably shaped to cooperate or engage with a correspondingly curved or arcuate-shaped internal end wall 404 within sleeve portion 370 and opposing the piston head 394 when piston 364 is disposed in the sleeve portion 370 of sleeve piston 362. The “matching” shape between piston head 394 and end wall 404 is desirable because the curved shape of end wall 404 permits sleeve portion 470 to withstand high pressures without significant deformation due to its domed shape. While a pair of sealing ribs 402 is shown on piston head 394, additional spaced ribs or a single such rib may be provided as desired.
The generally X-shaped cross-section of piston rod 396 may be formed by individual flange elements 406 and be reinforced with a proximal disc element 408 located distally forward of drive interface flange 398 as illustrated. Proximal disc element 408 may comprise an overmolded polymeric layer 409 in a generally similar manner the polymeric material forming piston head 394. Polymeric covered proximal disc element 408 generally provides stability to piston 364 as it operates within sleeve portion 370 of sleeve piston 362. It will be appreciated that sealing ribs 402 on piston head 394 form a generally fluid tight seal between piston head 394 and sleeve portion 370 of sleeve piston 362 such that pumping chamber 392 is a generally fluid tight chamber during a static, non-moving situation involving pistons 362, 364 or during dynamic, operational movement of pistons 362, 364 relative to base member 304. While specific materials for forming piston head 394 and polymeric layer 409 were identified in the foregoing, other suitable materials may be used such as those detailed previously in connection with fluid seal elements 120. Desirably, piston head 394 and polymeric layer 409 are the same material, for example, polyurethane. If desired, polymeric layer 409 may be formed onto flange elements 406 so that polymeric layer 409 encompasses the circumferential edge of disc element 408 and, optionally, the outward facing edges of the individual flange elements 406 defining piston rod 396 so that the surfaces contacting the inner wall of sleeve portion 370 of sleeve piston 362 are contacted by polymeric coated elements for sealing and contamination prevention purposes as generally described previously in this disclosure. Again, any polymeric layer on the outward edges of flange elements 406 is typically a result of an injection molding process used to apply polymeric material to form piston head 394 and polymeric layer 409 and may or may not engage the inner wall of sleeve portion 370 in accordance with this disclosure.
While not shown in
As mentioned in the foregoing, drive system 900 is to be described herein and comprises certain modifications to drive system 700 detailed previously. In order for sleeve piston 362 to operate with the drive system 900, sleeve portion 370 of sleeve piston 362 may comprise an end flange 410 as generally shown in
As described previously, pump support and seal device 820 is desirably incorporated into drive system 700 to support fluid pumping device 100 during operation and, further, to maintain sufficient pressure on fluid seal elements 120 associated with fluid pumps 160 for a generally fluid tight seal to exist between base member 104 and the fluid pumps 160. Pump support device 820 is positioned generally under fluid pumping device 100 to support the same from underneath.
Spring-backed rollers 830 discussed previously in connection with pump support device 820 are desirably used to press against the underside of pump support cradle 422. The force from spring-backed rollers 830 (not shown in
Referring to
Generally, fluid pumping device 300 has only certain structural difference over previously discussed embodiments of fluid pumping device 100. These structural differences do not change the substantive overall operation of fluid pumping device 300 as compared to previous embodiments of fluid pumping device 100. As will be clear from the foregoing, a non-exhaustive listing of the structural differences include: (1) changes in the shape of sleeve piston 362 and base member 304 of pump housing 302; (2) locating manifold ports 346 on side of manifold portion 326 and forming manifold ports 346 as part of manifold side caps 338; and (3) providing a dedicated waste outlet port 352 and pressure sensing port 354 at the bottom of the fluid pumping device 300 and a dedicated patient outlet port 358 at the top of the fluid pumping device 300. As indicated, these changes do not change the substantive overall operation of fluid pumping device 300 as compared to previous embodiments of fluid pumping device 100. Accordingly, previous descriptions relating to the operation of the previous embodiments of fluid pumping device 100 are equally applicable to fluid pumping device 300.
However, in contrast to the previously embodiments of fluid pumping device 100, manifold openings 342 in base member 304 forming the pump housing 302 of fluid pumping device 300 may not exhibit the uniform spacing founding in the manifold openings 142 in base member 104 of fluid pumping device 100. As best shown in
An advantage of fluid pumping device 100, 300 described in the foregoing is that devices 100, 300 may deliver precisely controlled volumes of fluid (same volume) with each ejection stroke regardless of outlet back pressure encountered at patient manifold outlet port 146g and patient outlet port 358, respectively, in the foregoing devices 100, 300 by proper control of the displacement of piston 164, 364 in each fluid pump 160, 360. Likewise, flow rate delivered is also very repeatable, regardless of the outlet back pressure encountered by proper control of the velocity of piston 164, 364 in each fluid pump 160, 360. In certain instances, for example, if the selected manifold opening 142, 342 is unexpectedly restricted or blocked, operation of piston 164, 364 in sleeve piston 162, 362 results in an incomplete fill in pumping chamber 192, 392 because the operation of piston 162, 362 in it opposing sleeve piston 164, 364 is unable to fully fill the pumping chamber 192, 392 with the desired fluid volume. Such a blockage situation can occur, for example, upstream of the manifold opening 142, 342 such as a restriction or occlusion being present in fluid line 18 connecting a fluid container 16 to the selected manifold inlet port 146, 346 associated with the selected manifold opening 142, 342. In this situation, the fluid pumps 160, 360 in fluid pumping devices 100, 300 will not deliver the “expected” volume of fluid.
The following discussion describes a process which may be used to detect this incomplete or under-fill condition, and
In a “normal” operational mode, meaning that a restriction or occlusion situation is not encountered, as piston 364 is retracted relative to a stationary sleeve piston 362, a known and substantially precise volume of fluid is pulled into the pumping chamber 392 and this known volume is ejected by reverse operation of piston 364 at a controlled velocity resulting in a desired and known flow rate. In a restriction or occlusion situation, retraction of piston 364 results in an incomplete or under-fill of pumping chamber 392 because the pumping chamber 392 does not fill quickly enough due to the restriction, for example, in the drawing fluid line 18. Because of the incomplete fill, air bubbles are likely present in pumping chamber 392 and pressure in the pumping chamber 392 is less than system pressure or under vacuum. As piston 364 moves in a pumping or ejection stroke, the air bubbles compress but the fluid volume ejected from pumping chamber 392 is less than expected and desired due to the presence of the air bubbles. One possible result of a vacuum condition is that contaminated fluid could be drawn into pumping chamber 392 via waste outlet port 352 and/or patient outlet port 358 when sleeve piston 362 is moved to place the pumping chamber 392 in fluid communication with one of these ports. Moreover, it is desirable to identify the under-fill situation and take corrective actions automatically or to alert an attendant operator of fluid delivery system 10.
To identify the foregoing restriction or occlusion situation,
In a general operating sequence for the foregoing arrangement in
It is possible to assess the degree of filling of pumping chamber 392. A first possibility is to use a force measurement sensor, such as a load cell in the drive system 900 to be described herein, to measure the force that is required to advance piston 364 a set, known distance. Such a force measurement sensor generally measures the force being applied to piston 364, and drive system 900 incorporates a load cell for this purpose. Alternatively, piston 364 may be advanced until the force measurement sensor registers a predetermined force level corresponding to a reasonably high pressure, for example, approximately 200 psi. The corresponding distance piston 364 advances may be obtained from home sensor 746. If it was possible to advance piston 364 a significant distance, for example, more than 0.020 or 0.030 inches, at a relatively low pressure, for example, less than 50 psi, then it may be concluded that pumping chamber 392 is not completely full of fluid. If piston 364 moved very little, for example, less than 0.020 or 0.030 inches, and developed a high force corresponding to a high fluid pressure, for example, more than 100-200 psi, then it may be concluded that pumping chamber 392 is completely full of fluid. If pumping chamber 392 is completely full of fluid, piston 364 may be returned to its original position by retracting the piston 364 by 0.020 or 0.030 inches or whatever distance the piston 364 was advanced. Pistons 362, 364 may be moved until sleeve port 376 in sleeve portion 370 of the sleeve piston 362 is aligned with manifold opening 342(P) associated with patient outlet port 358 and an ejection cycle may commence. If it is concluded that pumping chamber 392 is not full of fluid, the ejection cycle may be interrupted automatically by an associated control device and an error condition indicated. If the volume shortage is determined to be relatively small, an ejection cycle could continue, optionally with a warning message issued by the control device indicating the underdelivery of fluid. Other corrective action could include ejecting the contents of pumping chamber 392 to the waste outlet port 352.
Turning now to
In fluid pump actuator 902, piston positioning device 904 comprises a sleeve piston positioning device 906 and an insertion piston positioning device 950. Sleeve piston positioning device 906 comprises a sleeve outer drive tube 908 having a first or distal end 910 and a second or proximal end 912. Distal end 910 defines an open distal area 914 and comprises an inward extending radial flange 916 for engaging sleeve piston 362 as described herein. To aid in understanding the components of sleeve piston positioning device 906, it is noted that sleeve piston 362 is illustrated in various figures of
Interface element 926 is generally adapted to associate the sleeve positioning device 906 and the insertion piston positioning device 950 with a drive motor 928. In particular, interface element 926 comprises a distal end 930 extending into sleeve outer drive tube 908 and a proximal end 932 which is seated within the proximal end 912 of the sleeve outer drive tube 908 and which engages drive motor 928. Desirably, the proximal end 932 of interface element 926 is secured to the motor housing of the drive motor 928. Interface element 926 further comprises, in an intermediate location between the distal and proximal ends 930, 932, a radial flange 934 against which first spring 924 engages. Accordingly, first spring 924 acts between the proximal end portion 922 of sleeve inner drive tube 918 and radial flange 934. The proximal end 932 of interface element 926 comprises a proximal cylindrical portion 936 that seats into the open proximal end 912 of sleeve outer drive tube 908. Interface element 926 defines a central bore 938 therethrough and further comprises a slightly enlarged distal cylindrical portion 940.
In the assembled configuration, sleeve inner drive tube 918 is disposed within sleeve outer drive tube 908 with first spring 924 extending between the proximal end portion 922 of the sleeve inner drive tube 918 and radial flange 934 on interface element 926. A radial sensor flange 942 is desirably provided on sleeve outer drive tube 908 and may extend circumferentially about the sleeve outer drive tube 908. Radial sensor flange 942 may be formed integral with sleeve outer drive tube 908 or, if desired, be a separate component secured to the body of the sleeve outer drive tube 908. Radial sensor flange 942 is adapted to be associated with a first sensor 944 mounted to sled carriage 760. If desired, an additional or second sensor flange 946 may be provided on sleeve outer drive tube 908 distally forward of sensor flange 942 and which is associated with an additional or second sensor 948 mounted to sled carriage 760. Sensors 944, 948 provide inputs to an associated control device of the angular or rotational positioning of sleeve outer drive tube 908 relative to sled carriage 760; the position of sled carriage 760 may be obtained or known from sensor plate 772 and home sensor 794 as described previously.
Insertion piston positioning device 950 is generally disposed concentrically within sleeve inner drive tube 918 of sleeve positioning device 906. Insertion piston positioning device 950 comprises a piston outer drive tube 952 comprising a distal end portion 954 defining a central aperture 955 and a proximal end portion 956. Distal end portion 954 comprises a distal flange 958 adapted to engage or interface with drive interface flange 398 and, in particular, the U-shaped slot 400 defined by flange lip 399 of the drive interface flange 398 formed at the proximal end of piston rod 396 of insertion piston 364, described previously. Distal end portion 954 defines a perimetrical or circumferential recess 959 so that distal flange 958 and drive interface flange 398 may seat together in a corresponding mating engagement. A piston drive shaft 960 is disposed internally in piston outer drive tube 952 and comprises a solid distal end portion or tip 962, a generally hollow proximal end portion 964, and intermediate portion 966 which is desirably a force measurement sensor 968, such as a load cell, which allows an associated control device to measure total force applied to the insertion piston 362, for example, for the reasons noted previously in connection with
Sleeve outer and inner drive tubes 908, 918 respectively define a pair of top and bottom slots 972, 974 that accept a pair of anti-rotation pins 976 which extend through the slots 972, 974. While the slots 972, 974 are shown at the top and bottom locations of sleeve outer drive tube 908 and sleeve inner drive tube 918 this is intended to be merely exemplary and such slots 972, 974 may be oriented at other locations around the circumference of the sleeve outer drive tube 908 and sleeve inner drive tube 918 for accepting the anti-rotation pins 976. The anti-rotation pins 976 further extending radially inward and pass through opposed, top and bottom, radial openings 978 in piston outer drive tube 952 to engage and seat in registered radial openings 980 defined in the hollow proximal end 964 in piston drive shaft 960. The radial openings 978 in piston outer drive tube 952 are sized larger than the diameter of anti-rotation pins 976 to allow translational movement of the piston outer drive tube 952 relative to piston drive shaft 960 as described herein. Anti-rotation pins 976 generally prevent relative rotation between the sleeve outer and inner drive tubes 908, 918 and relative rotation between the piston outer drive tube 952 and piston drive shaft 960. Moreover, relative rotation of sleeve outer and inner drive tubes 908, 918 between the piston outer drive tube 952 and piston drive shaft 960 is likewise prevented.
The proximal end portion 956 of piston outer drive tube 952 has a slightly larger external diameter than the distal end portion 954 so as to form an external abutment shoulder 982 and an internal abutment shoulder 984. Correspondingly, sleeve inner drive tube 918 has a slightly smaller inner diameter at the distal end portion 920 than at the proximal end portion 922 so as to form an inner abutment shoulder 986 opposing external abutment shoulder 982 associated with piston outer drive tube 952. In a generally analogous manner to the foregoing, the proximal end portion 964 of piston drive shaft 960 has a slightly larger outer diameter than the distal end portion 962 of the piston drive shaft 960 to form a raised abutment shoulder 988 which is opposite from the internal abutment shoulder 984 associated with piston outer drive tube 952. It will be appreciated from the accompanying figures that the radial openings 980 in piston drive shaft 960 are formed just proximal of raised abutment shoulder 988.
Drive motor 928 comprises a drive shaft 990 engaged with a ball screw shaft 992 disposed concentrically within or generally coaxial with piston drive shaft 960, piston outer drive tube 952, and interface element 926. Ball screw shaft 992 is supported by a conventional thrust bearing 994 disposed within a bearing cavity 996 defined internally in interface element 926 just proximal of distal cylindrical portion 940 of interface element 926. Thrust bearing 994 rotationally and axially supports ball screw shaft 992 in central bore 938 in interface element 926 in a conventional manner. Accordingly, thrust bearing 994 is desirably secured within bearing cavity 996 by a mechanical connection, press-fit connection, and like connections. Ball screw shaft 992 extends distally into the hollow proximal end portion 964 of piston drive shaft 960. Ball screw shaft 992 may be similar to ball screw shafts 628, 728 discussed previously in this disclosure. Ball screw shaft 992 is rotationally engaged with a ball screw nut 998 seated in the hollow proximal end portion 964 of piston drive shaft 960. In particular, proximal end portion 964 defines an internal rim 1000 in which the forward or distal end of ball screw nut 998 is secured. A snap ring 1002 is disposed in an annular groove 1004 defined in the inner wall of piston outer drive tube 952 at the proximal end portion 956 of the piston outer drive tube 952. As illustrated, second spring 970 is secured within the piston outer drive tube 952 to act between the proximal end portion 964 of piston drive shaft 960 and snap ring 1002. As described previously, ball screw shaft 992 is in rotational threaded engagement with ball screw nut 998 and “forward” rotational movement of ball screw shaft 992 causes advancement of ball screw nut 998 which advances piston drive shaft 960.
As will be apparent from the foregoing, in fluid pump actuator 902, sleeve piston positioning device 906 generally comprises sleeve outer drive tube 908 interfacing with sleeve piston 362 and insertion piston positioning device 950 generally comprises piston outer drive tube 952 interfacing with insertion piston 364. With the various components of drive system 900 set forth in the foregoing, this disclosure now turns to an exemplary sequence for interfacing sleeve piston 362 with sleeve piston positioning device 906, and interfacing insertion piston 364 with insertion piston positioning device 950. This sequence is generally shown in
Before referring to
Similarly, with reference to
Referring further to
In
As shown in
The forward movement of ball screw nut 998 results in the solid distal end portion 962 of piston drive shaft 960 engaging the end wall 401 of drive interface flange 398 at the proximal end of piston rod 396 of piston 364. The force provided by first spring 924 substantially simultaneously urges sleeve inner drive tube 918 forward against the rear flange element 412 of the two flange elements 412 on end flange 410 of sleeve piston 362 and clamps this rear flange element 412 between the distal end of sleeve inner drive tube 918 and radial flange 916 at the distal end 910 of sleeve outer drive tube 908. This double engagement ensures a tight connection between sleeve piston 362 and sleeve outer drive tube 908 and sleeve inner drive tube 918 of sleeve piston positioning device 906 and a similarly tight connection or engagement between insertion piston 364 and piston outer drive tube 952 and piston drive shaft 960 of insertion piston positioning device 950.
While the foregoing discussion centered on the engagement of pistons 362, 364 with interfacing components of drive system 900, it will be appreciated that the foregoing components of drive system 900 may be adapted into a powered injector device used to operate a syringe plunger within a syringe body and the foregoing concepts may be used to secure such a syringe plunger and syringe body to the powered injector device comprising the foregoing described components of drive system 900. Accordingly, the foregoing components of drive system 900 may be used in a powered syringe injector platform, wherein such a syringe would have the structure of end flange 410 described previously and the corresponding syringe plunger would have the same general configuration as insertion piston 364 described previously.
Referring to
As in previous embodiments, fluid pumping device 500 is a multi-component device comprising a pump housing 502 and one or more fluid pumps 560 which again constitute the movable components of fluid pumping device 500 for delivering fluid under pressure to a desired end point such as to patient fluid path 12. Pump housing 502 serves as a support component or structure for the movable components of fluid pumping device 500, namely, fluid pumps 560, as well as a connection point for connecting the fluid path elements shown in
Base member 504 may have any desirable configuration but in this embodiment comprises a pair of cylindrical members 505, 506 desirably integrally coupled with each other along their respective longitudinal axes, thereby defining at least two adjacent and generally parallel receiving barrels 507. The configuration of base member 504 as a multi-barrel component is in keeping with previous discussion in this disclosure that base member 104 may include cylindrical formations to accept two cylindrical-type fluid pumps 160. Barrels 507 are adapted to accept two identical fluid pumps 560 which form the movable components of fluid pumping device 500 as identified previously and which are described in detail herein. While the illustrated configuration of base member 504 comprises two adjacent barrels 507 defined by base member 504 for accepting two like fluid pumps 560, this illustration is not intended to restrict the possibility of base member 504 forming an additional or several additional barrels 507 to accept an additional or several fluid pumps 560 respectively therein. Again, for simplicity and expediency, the following discussion describes fluid pumping device 500 with two like fluid pumps 560 as a non-limiting embodiment of fluid pumping device 500. As shown, barrels 507 define a generally cylindrical shape to receive generally cylindrical-shaped fluid pumps 560 therein. For purposes of explaining the spatial orientation of features or components of fluid pumping device 500, base member 504 may be considered to have a first or top side 508, a second, bottom, or underside 510, and opposing lateral sides 512. Base member 504 generally comprises two opposing ends 520, 522. First end 520 of base member 504 defines two barrel openings 524 to permit access to barrels 507 and barrels 507 are substantially closed by end walls 548 at second end 522 which define two small vent openings 525 therein. The purpose of vent holes 525 will be discussed in greater detail hereinafter.
With specific reference to
Manifold caps 532, 533 each define a series of fluid connector ports 536. Connector ports 536 are similar to connector ports 136 described previously and generally connector ports 536 and are adapted to interface with connectors 20 at the end of fluid lines 18 associated with the respective fluid containers 16 shown in
Fluid pumps 560 are located within the respective barrels 507 defined in base member 504, as generally described previously. Fluid pumps 560 each comprise two opposing pistons 562, 564, which may be referred to herein as a first piston or sleeve piston 562 and a second piston or insertion piston 564 for identification purposes. As each fluid pump 560 is identical having identical operating pistons 562, 564, the following discussion outlines the structure of one such fluid pump 560 used in fluid pumping device 500. A suitable configuration for pistons 562, 564 of fluid pump 560, in a similar manner to previous embodiments, comprises insertion piston 564 disposed or inserted at least partially into sleeve piston 562. For this purpose, sleeve piston 562 may have a generally cylindrical configuration comprising a cylindrical sleeve body 565 with opposing first and second ends 566, 568. Sleeve body 565 defines an internal cavity or chamber 570 wherein insertion piston 564 may be inserted or disposed. The second end 568 of sleeve body 565 defines an arcuate or curved end wall 572. A sleeve access opening or sleeve port 574 is defined in sleeve body 565 to provide access to internal cavity 570. A distal cylindrical portion 575 of sleeve body 565 encloses end wall 572 and provides a structure adapted to contact the closed end wall or end face 548 in each cylindrical member 505, 506 during operation of fluid pumps 560.
A sleeve-shaped elastomeric seal or sleeve 576 is desirably provided about sleeve body 565 to encompass a substantial portion of the sleeve body 565 from the closed second end 568 forward toward the open first end 566 of the sleeve body 565. Elastomeric sleeve 576 includes a plurality of intersecting ribs 578. Elastomeric sleeve 576 fluidly seals sleeve body 565 in its receiving barrel 507 in base member 504 of pump housing 502. Elastomeric sleeve 576 may be formed separately from sleeve piston 562 and then assembled to sleeve body 565 of sleeve piston 562 or the elastomeric sleeve 576 may be formed integrally with the sleeve body 565 during a subsequent overmolding technique and like processes. Elastomeric sleeve 576 generally replaces the fluid seal elements 120, 320 described previously in this disclosure, but such seals may be provided in association with manifold portions 526, 528 if desired.
Fluid pumping device 500 is generally adapted such that pistons 562, 564 for each fluid pump 560 may be “driven” from the same side of the fluid pumping device 500 utilizing drive system 700 described previously. More particularly, pistons 562, 564 for each fluid pump 560 are adapted to be driven from the same end 520 of base member 504 of fluid pumping device 500 by drive system 700. In like manner to previous embodiments, sleeve body 565 of sleeve piston 562 may comprise a dual or double rim end flange 580 which is formed as part of the sleeve body 565 and forms the first end 566 of the sleeve body 565. End flange 580 comprises two spaced apart rim flange elements 582 which define an intervening space 584 for interfacing with the U-shaped saddle element 750 associated with piston interface structure 748 discussed previously in connection with drive system 700 and now also suited to operation of fluid pumping device 500 according to the present embodiment. A distal or “interior” one of the two spaced rim flange elements 582 still forms an interfering structure at first end 566 of sleeve body 565 of sleeve piston 562 to engage radial end flange 558 at end 522 of base member 504 to limit linear travel of the sleeve piston 562 into base member 504, in a similar manner to that described previously in this disclosure. It will be appreciated that drive system 700 may be altered to effect both reciprocal linear movement and, desirably, at least limited rotational movement sleeve piston 562 within barrel 507 of base member 504 by appropriate modification to piston interface structure 748. One such modification could include providing a separate actuating device associated with piston interface structure 748 to allow at least limited rotation of U-shaped saddle element 750. A limited rotational movement capability of U-shaped saddle element 750, in turn, would effect limited rotational movement of sleeve piston 562 in barrel 507 of base member 504. For this purpose, intervening ribs 585 may be provided in intervening space 584 to engage structure on U-shaped saddle element 750 such that any limited rotational movement of U-shaped saddle element 750 is transmitted to sleeve piston 562 via engagement with ribs 585. With respect to drive system 900, at least a limited rotational capability may be provided to sleeve piston positioning device 906 and to sleeve outer drive tube 908 in particular which would interface with sleeve piston 562.
As noted previously, insertion piston 564 is adapted to access internal cavity 570 defined by sleeve body 565 of sleeve piston 562. Insertion piston 564 is reciprocally movable within sleeve body 565, and may be actuated in the manner described previously in connection with drive system 700 relating to insertion piston 164. As described herein, insertion piston 564 is desirably similarly configured to insertion piston 164 to interface with drive system 700 in the manner described previously. With insertion piston 564 engaged in sleeve piston 562 disposed within sleeve portion 570, pistons 562, 564 cooperate to form or define a pumping chamber 586 of fluid pumping device 500.
Piston 564 comprises a piston head 588 and a proximally extending piston rod 590. Piston rod 590 comprises a generally X-shaped configuration and terminates at a proximal end thereof with a disc element having a drive interface portion 592 extending therefrom. Drive interface portion 592 defines an attachment aperture 594. Drive interface portion 592 and attachment aperture 594 are desirably identical to drive interface portion 198 described previously in this disclosure, wherein an interface aperture or attachment aperture 200 is used to associate previously-described piston rod 196 with drive system 700 described previously. Accordingly, drive system 700 may also be used to operate piston 564 in fluid pumps 560 of fluid pumping device 500 in the manner detailed previously within this disclosure.
Piston rod 590 is desirably formed of a generally rigid plastic material such as polycarbonate and piston head 588 is desirably formed of a polymeric material, such as polyurethane and the like, that is overmolded onto a distal end of piston rod 590. The generally X-shaped cross-section of piston head 588 may be formed by individual flange elements 597. Piston head 588 exhibits a generally curved or arcuate-shaped configuration to engage end wall 572 of sleeve body 565 of sleeve piston 562 which desirably has a corresponding arcuate or “domed” shape for strength purposes as detailed previously in this disclosure. The polymeric material defining piston head 588 desirably defines one or more circumferential sealing ribs 596 to form a fluid seal with the inner wall of sleeve body 565 of sleeve piston 562. While a pair of sealing ribs 596 is shown on piston head 588, additional spaced ribs or a single such rib may be provided as desired.
As indicated, the generally X-shaped cross-section of piston rod 396 may be formed by individual flange elements 597 and is desirably reinforced with an additional disc element 598 located distally forward of drive interface portion 592 as illustrated. Additional disc element 598 may comprise an overmolded polymeric layer 599 in a generally similar manner to the polymeric material forming piston head 588. The polymeric-covered additional disc element 598 generally provides stability to piston 564 as it operates within sleeve body 565 of sleeve piston 562. It will be appreciated that sealing ribs 596 on piston head 588 form a generally fluid tight seal between piston head 588 and sleeve body 565 of sleeve piston 562 such that pumping chamber 586 is a generally fluid tight chamber during a static, non-moving situation involving pistons 562, 564 or during dynamic, operational movement of pistons 562, 564. Specific materials for forming piston head 588 and polymeric layer 599 may be any of those identified in the foregoing in connection with piston head 194, 394, other suitable materials may be used such as those detailed previously in connection with fluid seal elements 120. Desirably, the polymeric material forming piston head 588 and polymeric layer 599 are the same material, for example, polyurethane. If desired, polymeric layer 599 may be formed onto flange elements 597 so that polymeric layer 599 encompasses the circumferential edge of disc element 598 and the outward facing edges of the individual flange elements 597 defining piston rod 590 in the manner described previously in this disclosure. As in previous embodiments, end flange 580 on sleeve body 565 of sleeve piston 562 may be configured in a similar manner to end flange 410 described previously and drive interface portion 592 of piston rod 590 of insertion piston 564 may be configured in a similar manner to drive interface flange 398 described previously so that pistons 562, 564 are suitable for operation by drive system 900.
Referring further to
As noted previously, fluid pumps 560 are configured such that, under the action of drive system 700, pistons 562, 564 in each fluid pump 560 may be separately controlled and, therefore, are separately positionable relative to one another. Stated another way, each sleeve piston 562 is movable relative to its opposing insertion piston 564 and vice versa. Accordingly, it is possible for insertion piston 564 to move while the opposed sleeve piston 562 remains stationary and vice versa. In addition, in the present embodiment, each sleeve piston 562 is capable of being moved in both a linearly reciprocal and at least in a limited rotational manner. For clarity in explaining operation of fluid pumps 560 in fluid pumping device 500, the following discussion will describe the operation of one fluid pump 560. It will be appreciated that the additional or “second” fluid pump 560 in fluid pumping device 500 may be operated in the same manner and, additionally, in a staggered mode from the “first” fluid pump 560 so that continuous fluid delivery may be provided at patient connector port 536(7); staggered operation of fluid pumps 160 has been described in detail herein and such operation is applicable to fluid pumps 560. As will be appreciated and apparent from the accompanying figures, both fluid pumps 560 are capable of sharing inlet connector inlet ports 536(1)-536(6) and outlet connector ports 536(7) and 536(8) due to the configuration of fluid passageways 540 and associated fluid ports 538 in base member 504.
The ability of pistons 562, 564 to move independently under the motive forces provided by drive system 700 allows, for example, sleeve piston 562 to remain stationary proximate to one of inlet fluid ports 538(1)-538(6) so sleeve port 574 in sleeve body 565 of sleeve piston 562 is associated with a selected one of the inlet fluid ports 538(1)-538(6). For example, as illustrated in
If it is desired to eject fluid into patient fluid path 12, patient outlet port 538(7) may be selected and, with alignment of sleeve port 574 with patient outlet port 538(7), an outlet fluid path is established from pumping chamber 586 to connector port 536(7) as shown in
With reference to
Pistons 562, 564 are then substantially synchronously and linearly moved to select another port. Once the next port is selected, for example, inlet fluid port 538(1) as shown in
When a desired amount of saline is drawn into pumping chamber 586 under the moving action of piston 564, both pistons 562, 564 may be moved to another inlet fluid port 538(2), to receive a different contrast media fluid or another fluid altogether by the methodology described in the foregoing. Pistons 562, 564 may then be moved (desirably substantially in synch for the reasons noted previously) to an outlet fluid port 538, such as the patient outlet port 538(7) connected via fluid passageway 540(7) to patient connector port 536(7) which serves as the patient fluid administration port in the instant example.
With reference to
As illustrated in
As shown in
If it is assumed that patient outlet port 538(7) is selected, sleeve piston 562 is rotated such that it places sleeve port 574 in the “shut-off” position and then pistons 562, 564 are moved substantially in synch to patient outlet port 538(7). When pistons 562, 564 reach patient outlet port 538(7), sleeve piston 562 is rotated to align sleeve port 574 with patient outlet port 538(7), thereby establishing an outlet fluid path from pumping chamber 586 to patient connector port 536(7) via patient outlet port 538(7) and connecting fluid passageway 540(7). A suitable fluid connection is desirably present between patient connector port 536(7) and patient fluid path 12 to the patient. Once the foregoing fluid communication path is established, drive system 700 “fixes” the location of sleeve piston 562 and causes insertion piston 564 to begin a pumping or ejection stroke or movement to expel the fluid mixture in pumping chamber 586 to the patient fluid path 12.
While the foregoing operational examples were limiting to discussions of selecting respective bulk fluid sources connected to connector ports 536(1)-536(3) on the “top” manifold portion 526 and a patient connector port 536(7) also associated with top manifold portion 526, it will be understood that sleeve piston 562 may exhibit rotational movement to access the bottom fluid ports 538(4)-538(6) and 538(8) by drive system 700, modified to operate sleeve piston 562 in this rotational manner. For example, with reference to
It should be noted that fluid pumping device 500 is not intended to be limited to linearly arranged fluid ports 538 in the cylindrical members 505, 506 of base member 504. Various other arrangements may be provided in cylindrical members 505, 506 of base member 504. Several of exemplary options are illustrated in
With reference to
With reference to
With reference to
With reference to
With reference to
With reference to
The embodiment of cylindrical member 505 illustrated in
With reference to
The embodiments of cylindrical member 505 illustrated in
With reference to
While embodiments of a fluid pumping device and a fluid delivery system incorporating the fluid pumping device and associated drive systems were provided in the foregoing description, those skilled in the art may make modifications and alterations to these embodiments without departing from the scope and spirit of the invention. Accordingly, the foregoing description is intended to be illustrative rather than restrictive. The invention described hereinabove is defined by the appended claims and all changes to the invention that fall within the meaning and the range of equivalency of the claims are to be embraced within their scope.
Claims
1. A fluid pumping device, comprising:
- a pump housing comprising a base member comprising a plurality of inlet ports and at least one outlet port; and
- at least two pairs of opposing pistons movably associated with the housing, each pair of opposing pistons at least in part defining a respective pumping chamber of the fluid pumping device, the pistons in each pair of opposing pistons independently controlled such that any one of the plurality of inlet ports or the at least one outlet port is independently selectable to be in fluid communication with one of the respective pumping chambers.
2. The fluid pumping device of claim 1, wherein the base member supports the at least two pairs of opposing pistons to at least reciprocally operate relative to the base member.
3. The fluid pumping device of claim 1, wherein the base member comprises a manifold portion defining the plurality of inlet ports and the at least one outlet port.
4. The fluid pumping device of claim 3, further comprising a manifold cap on the manifold portion and defining the plurality of inlet ports and the at least one outlet port in combination with the manifold portion.
5. The fluid pumping device of claim 3, wherein the manifold portion comprises a plurality of fluid passageways respectively connected to the plurality of inlet ports and the at least one outlet port.
6. The fluid pumping device of claim 5, wherein the base member comprises at least one opening in each fluid passageway to enable fluid communication between the respective pumping chambers and the plurality of inlet ports and the at least one outlet port via the passageways.
7. The fluid pumping device of claim 1, wherein one of the pistons in each pair of opposing pistons comprises a sleeve portion and the other of the pistons in each pair of opposing pistons is at least partially disposed in the sleeve portion to define the respective pumping chambers.
8. The fluid pumping device of claim 7, wherein the sleeve portion defines an opening for fluid communication with a selected inlet port or the at least one outlet port to establish fluid communication between the selected inlet port or the at least one outlet port and the respective pumping chambers.
9. The fluid pumping device of claim 1, further comprising respective fluid seal elements disposed between the base member and the sleeve portion in each pair of opposing pistons.
10. A method of operating a fluid pumping device, comprising:
- providing a fluid pumping device comprising:
- a pump housing comprising a base member comprising a plurality of inlet ports and at least one outlet port; and
- a pair of opposing pistons movably associated with the base member and at least in part defining a pumping chamber of the fluid pumping device; and
- independently controlling the pistons such that any one of the plurality of inlet ports or the at least one outlet port is independently selectable to be in fluid communication with the pumping chamber.
11. The method of claim 10, wherein one of the pistons comprises a sleeve portion defining an opening and the other of the pistons is at least partially disposed in the sleeve portion to define the pumping chamber, the method comprising establishing fluid communication between the opening and a selected inlet port or the at least one outlet port to establish fluid communication between the selected inlet port or the at least one outlet port and the pumping chamber.
12. The method of claim 0 further comprising:
- independently controlling the pistons to select one of the plurality of inlet ports to be in fluid communication with the pumping chamber;
- moving one of the pistons relative to the opposing piston to draw fluid into the pumping chamber from a fluid source associated with the selected inlet port; and
- moving both pistons to select another inlet port or the at least one outlet port to be in fluid communication with the pumping chamber.
13. The method of claim 12, further comprising moving one of the pistons relative to the opposing piston to eject fluid from the pumping chamber into the at least one outlet port.
14. The method of claim 10, wherein the fluid pumping device comprises at least two pairs of opposing pistons movably associated with the base member, each pair of opposing pistons at least in part defining a respective pumping chamber of the fluid pumping device, and the method comprising independently controlling the pistons in each pair of opposing pistons such that any one of the plurality of inlet ports or the at least one outlet port is independently selectable to be in fluid communication with one of the respective pumping chambers.
15. The method of claim 14, further comprising independently controlling the pistons in the respective pairs of opposing pistons in a sequence comprising:
- independently controlling the pistons to select one of the plurality of inlet ports to be in fluid communication with one of the respective pumping chambers;
- moving one of the pistons relative to the opposing piston to draw fluid into the pumping chamber from a fluid source associated with the selected inlet port; and
- moving both pistons to select another inlet port or the at least one outlet port to be in fluid communication with the pumping chamber.
16. The method of claim 15, further comprising moving one of the pistons relative to the opposing piston to eject fluid from the respective pumping chamber into the at least one outlet port.
17. The method of claim 14, wherein the respective pairs of opposing pistons operate in a substantially staggered sequence such that substantially continuous fluid flow is delivered by the fluid pumping device at the least one outlet port.
18. The method of claim 10, further comprising a drive system interfaced with the pistons, and the method comprising the drive system at least reciprocally operating the pistons relative to the base member.
19. The method of claim 18, wherein the drive system comprises respective piston positioning devices interfaced with each piston and disposed on opposite sides of the base member, and the method comprising at least reciprocally operating the pistons from opposite sides of the base member with the respective piston positioning devices.
20. The method of claim 18, wherein the drive system comprises respective piston positioning devices interfaced with each piston and disposed on a same side of the base member, and the method comprising at least reciprocally operating the pistons from the same side of the base member with the respective piston positioning devices.
21. The method of claim 18, wherein the piston positioning devices are disposed commonly on a carriage movable by a carriage drive system, the method comprising moving the carriage with the carriage drive system.
22. The method of claim 21, further comprising the carriage moving in a bi-directional linear movement.
Type: Application
Filed: Jun 12, 2015
Publication Date: Oct 1, 2015
Inventors: CHRISTOPHER D. CAPONE (PITTSBURGH, PA), JAMES R. NEILL (OAKDALE, PA), JASON L. BAZALA (IRWIN, PA), ROGER V. DELONGA (PITTSBURGH, PA), RICHARD A. SEMAN (DELMONT, PA)
Application Number: 14/737,888
