INTERIOR SOLAR ENERGY COLLECTOR WITH FLUID-BASED HEAT TRANSFER SYSTEM
An interior solar energy collector system includes an interior heat exchanger unit for mounting on, or integral with, an interior surface of a roof or wall of a building. A heat transfer fluid system transfers collected heat from the interior heat exchanger to heat storage and heat disposal tanks from which the heat can be used or disposed as desired.
1. Technical Field of the Invention
The present invention is related to solar energy collection and use.
2. State of the Prior Art
Most solar collector systems are designed and implemented for maximizing or at least optimizing solar energy collection and efficiencies, which generally includes placing solar energy collection panels on roofs of buildings or on other structures that expose the solar collection panels directly to sunlight. Solar energy panels are available in a variety of technologies and configurations, several broad categories of which include: (i) Fluid-based heat exchangers that absorb solar energy from incident sunlight and heat a fluid, which is used for transport or storage of solar energy; and (ii) Solid state semiconductors that absorb solar energy from incident sunlight and convert the solar energy to electricity. For solar collection systems in which fluid-based heat exchangers are used for collecting the solar energy, various liquid storage and use apparatus and systems have been developed and studied, and some such systems have been available commercially for many years.
The foregoing examples of the related art and limitations related therewith are intended to be illustrative and not exclusive. Other limitations of the related art and other examples of related art will become apparent to those of skill in the art upon a reading of the specification and a study of the drawings.
SUMMARYThe following embodiments and aspects thereof are described and illustrated in conjunction with systems, tools and methods which are meant to be examples and illustrative, not limiting in scope. In various embodiments and implementations, one or more of the above-described problems have been reduced or eliminated, while other embodiments are directed to other improvements and benefits.
An interior solar energy collector system for collecting and utilizing energy derived from solar radiation that is incident on an external surface of a roof or exterior wall of a building comprises a plurality of heat exchanger panels. Each panel comprises at least one tube that has a high thermal conductivity in thermally conductive relation to a sheet of high thermal conductivity material for conducting heat from the roof or exterior wall of the building to a heat transfer fluid that flows through the tubes of the panels. The tubes are connected to one or more inlet headers that distribute the heat transfer fluid to the panels where the fluid is heated by heat in the roof or exterior wall and one or more outlet headers that collect the heated heat transfer fluid from the panels for transport though a primary piping system to an insulated primary heat storage tank, sometimes referred to as a primary fluid storage tank. A primary heat transfer fluid pump in the first primary pipe system is configured for pumping fluid from the primary fluid storage tank to the inlet header, and heated fluid from the panels generally flows by gravity back to the primary heat storage tank although pumping could be used if desired or needed.
In addition to the example aspects, embodiments, and implementations described above, further aspects, embodiments, and implementations will become apparent to persons skilled in the art after becoming familiar with the drawings and study of the following descriptions.
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated herein and form a part of the specification, illustrate some, but not the only or exclusive, example embodiments and/or features of or relating to interior solar energy collection systems. It is intended that the embodiments and figures disclosed herein are to be considered illustrative rather than limiting. In the drawings:
While most solar collector systems are designed and implemented for maximizing or at least optimizing solar energy collection and efficiencies, which generally includes placing solar energy collection panels on roofs of buildings or on other structures that expose the solar collection panels directly to sunlight, that kind of direct approach may not be practical for some buildings for a variety of reasons, e.g., deterioration of metals, plastics, and other materials in solar energy collection systems that are exposed directly to sunlight, rain, soil, leaves, and other natural and polluting elements in the atmosphere, potential hail damage, and the like. Roof-top solar collectors also present aesthetic challenges in building designs and may run afoul of some homeowner association covenants and architectural standards, and they may have to be cleaned periodically for optimal performance. In any event, the roofs and exterior walls of buildings themselves absorb substantial amounts of solar energy, which is often then lost, for example, by re-radiation as infrared radiation or by convection back into the atmosphere or into interior spaces of the buildings. To capture and use at least some of such solar energy, several example interior solar energy collection systems are illustrated in
In the example interior solar energy collection system 10 in
The heated heat storage medium 30 can then be used for various heating purposes in or around the building B. For example, a utility heat exchanger 34 in the heat storage medium 30 can be used to heat domestic water for various purposes, e.g., hot water faucets in lavatories, showers, sinks, and the like. In the example interior solar energy collection system 10 illustrated in
The heat storage tank 18 may be insulated, e.g., with insulation 23, to help maintain available heat in the heat storage medium 30 from unnecessary dissipation and loss. A supplemental heater 50 can be provided, if desired, to add heat, if needed, to the heat storage medium 30 during periods when solar energy collected from the roof R by the interior solar energy collection heat exchanger 12 may be inadequate for the heating needs in the building B.
A roof temperature sensor 52 and a heat storage medium temperature sensor 54 can be provided, if desired, for use in controlling the circulation of the heat transfer fluid through the interior solar energy collecting heat exchanger 12 and the heat storage tank 18. For example, a pump 56 can be started when the roof temperature sensor 52 senses that the temperature of the roof R is greater than the temperature of the heat storage medium 30, as sensed by the heat storage medium temperature sensor 54, to draw the heat transfer fluid from the heat storage tank 18 and to pump the heat transfer fluid through the pipe 58 to the interior solar energy collecting heat exchanger 12 as indicated by the flow arrows 19, 21, 22. A controller 60 can be provided to perform the functions of reading and comparing the outputs from the temperature sensors 52, 54, and of outputting a pump signal to start the pump 56 to circulate the heat transfer fluid through the interior solar energy collecting heat exchanger 12 when the roof temperature exceeds the temperature of the heat storage medium 30 by some predetermined amount. The controller 60 can also be programmed to prevent the pump 56 from circulating heat transfer fluid through the interior solar energy collecting heat exchanger 12 and into the heat storage tank 18 if desired, for example, when the heat storage medium temperature sensor 54 senses a temperature of the heat storage medium 30 that has reached or is higher than some predetermined maximum temperature for the heat storage medium. For example, but not for limitation, it might be desired to limit the temperature of the heat storage medium 30 to a temperature that will not burn or scald a person's skin in systems in which the heat storage medium is used to either provide or heat water for showers, hot water faucets, and the like. The signal connections 62, 64, 66 between the controller 60 and the respective roof temperature sensor 52, heat storage medium temperature sensor 54, and pump 56 can be hard wired or any other signal transmitting medium, including, but not limited to, light, infrared, radio frequency, sonic or sub-sonic, and either digital or analog, as would be understood by persons skilled in the art once they understand the principles of this invention.
An optional heat disposal subsystem 100 can also be provided, as illustrated for example in
The heat disposal fluid 104 can be the heat transfer fluid for transferring the heat from the interior solar energy heat exchanger assembly 12 to the heat disposal tank 102 by circulating the heat disposal fluid 104 directly from the heat disposal tank 102 through the interior solar energy heat exchanger assembly 12 with the heat transfer fluid pump 56 as indicated by the flow arrows 20, 21, 22, 24, 26, 29 in
The heat transfer fluid can be water, a water solution, or any liquid that is compatible with the system, e.g., not caustic so that it does not damage pipes and other components, reasonably high vapor pressure so that it does not evaporate too quickly, etc., as would be understood by persons skilled in the art. If water is used for the heat transfer fluid, it may be desirable in some applications to include an anti-freeze ingredient or other solute in solution with the water to either lower the freezing temperature of the solution to some temperature below the freezing temperature of water or to raise the boiling temperature of the solution to some temperature above the boiling point of water. Such solutes are well-known to persons skilled in the art and are available commercially with instructions that are easily understandable to persons skilled in the art. Also, all of the pipes that carry the heat transfer fluid in the system may be sloped to drain the heat transfer fluid to the insulated tank 18 or to the uninsulated heat disposal tank 102 or both.
An example interior solar energy heat exchanger assembly 12 illustrated in
An example operation of the interior solar energy collection system in
In the example operation illustrated in
In the example operation illustrated in
The example operation illustrated in
However, if either the sum of DIFFTEMP plus the temperature of the heat storage medium 54 (TEMPSTORAGE[54]) is not less than the roof temperature 52 (TEMPROOF[52]) at step 184 or the temperature of the heat storage medium 54 (TEMPSTORAGE[54]) is not less than the maximum desired heat storage medium temperature (MAXTEMPSTORAGE) at step 186, then DIFFTEMP is added to the temperature of the heat disposal fluid temperature 116 (TEMPDISPOSAL[116]) and the resulting sum is compared to the roof temperature 52 (TEMPROOF[52]) at step 194. If that sum is less than the roof temperature 52 (TEMPROOF[52]) at step 194, then the heat disposal fluid temperature 116 (TEMPDISPOSAL[116]) is compared to the maximum desired temperature for the heat disposal fluid 104 (MAXTEMPDISPOSAL) at step 196. If the heat disposal fluid temperature 116 (TEMPDISPOSAL[116]) is less than the maximum desired temperature for the disposal fluid 104 (MAXTEMPDISPOSAL) at step 196, then the secondary heat transfer fluid pump inlet valve 144 (VALVE144) and the secondary heat transfer fluid return valve 146 (VALVE146) are opened at step 198, the primary heat transfer fluid pump inlet valve 140 (VALVE140) and the primary heat transfer fluid return valve 142 (VALVE142) are closed at step 200, and the heat transfer fluid pump 56 (PUMP56) is activated at step 192.
However, if either the sum of DIFFTEMP and the heat disposal fluid temperature 116 (TEMPDISPOSAL[116]) is not less than the roof temperature 52 (TEMPROOF[52]) at step 194 or the heat disposal fluid temperature 116 (TEMPDISPOSAL[116]) is not less than the maximum desired temperature for the disposal fluid 104 (MAXTEMPDISPOSAL) at step 196, then the heat transfer fluid pump 56 (PUMP56) is deactivated at step 202, and the primary heat transfer fluid pump inlet valve 140 (VALVE140), the primary heat transfer fluid return valve 142 (VALVE142), the secondary heat transfer fluid pump inlet valve 144 (VALVE144), and the secondary heat transfer fluid return valve 146 (VALVE146) are all opened at step 204 to allow heat transfer fluid in the pipes to drain down and into the heat storage tank 18 or into the heat disposal tank 102 or both, especially if the heat transfer fluid is the same fluid as the heat storage medium 30 and the heat disposal fluid 104. In other words, if either the sum of DIFFTEMP and the heat disposal fluid temperature 116 (TEMPDISPOSAL[116]) is not less than the roof temperature 52 (TEMPROOF[52]) at step 194 or the heat disposal fluid temperature 116 (TEMPDISPOSAL[116]) is not less than the maximum desired temperature for the disposal fluid 104 (MAXTEMPDISPOSAL) at step 196, then the solar energy collection process is essentially shut down until either of those two conditions no longer exists.
After both of the steps 192 and 204, the logic returns to re-read the temperatures TEMPROOF[52], TEMPSTORAGE[54], TEMPDISPOSAL[116], and TEMPOUTSIDE[114] at steps 178, 180, 182, respectively, and then cycles through the logic again as described above. Of course, manual shut-off or timed shut-off features (not shown in
Another example interior solar energy heat exchanger 212 for the interior solar energy collection system 10 is illustrated in
In the example interior solar energy heat exchanger 212 illustrated in
As mentioned above, the interior solar energy heat exchanger assemblies 12, 212 can be used in walls of buildings as well as in the roofs.
The foregoing description provides examples that illustrate the principles of the invention, which is defined by the features that follow. Since numerous insignificant modifications and changes will readily occur to those skilled in the art once they understand the invention, it is not desired to limit the invention to the exact example constructions and processes shown and described above. Accordingly, resort may be made to all suitable combinations, subcombinations, modifications, and equivalents that fall within the scope of the invention as defined by the claims. The words “comprise,” “comprises,” “comprising,” “include,” “including,” and “includes” when used in this specification, including the features, are intended to specify the presence of stated features, integers, components, or steps, but they do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, components, steps, or groups thereof.
Claims
1. A solar energy collector system for collecting and utilizing energy derived from incident solar radiation on an external surface of a roof of a building that is absorbed by the roof and that is conducted through the roof to an interior surface of the roof, which is supported by a plurality of rafters, or that is radiated from the interior surface of the roof, wherein said solar energy collector apparatus comprises:
- a plurality of heat exchanger panels, each of which panels comprises at least one tube that has high thermal conductivity and extends in a generally longitudinal direction from a fluid flow connection with an inlet header to a fluid flow connection with an outlet header, and a sheet of material that has high thermal conductivity and that is sized and shaped to fit between the rafters for fastening to the interior surface of the roof between the rafters, wherein the tube is mounted in heat conducting contact with the sheet;
- a primary heat storage fluid tank;
- a first primary pipe system extending from the primary heat storage fluid tank to the inlet header and from the outlet header to the primary heat storage fluid tank; and
- a primary pump in the primary pipe system configured for pumping fluid from the primary heat storage fluid tank to the inlet header.
2. The solar energy collector system of claim 1, wherein the primary heat storage fluid tank is heat insulated and sized and shaped for location in the building.
3. The solar energy collector system of claim 2 including:
- a heat disposal fluid storage tank that is not heat insulated and that is sized and shaped for location in the building in heat conductive relation with a foundation of the building or with ground under or adjacent to the building;
- a secondary pipe system extending from the heat disposal fluid storage tank to the inlet header; and
- a secondary pump in the secondary pipe system configured for pumping fluid from the heat disposal fluid storage tank to the inlet header and from the outlet header to the heat disposal fluid tank.
4. The solar energy collector system of claim 3 including a utility heat exchanger in the primary heat storage fluid tank adapted for connection to a domestic water supply that serves the building and to a domestic water heater that supplies hot water to hot water furnishings in the building, wherein the utility heat exchanger conducts heat from a heat storage fluid in the primary heat storage fluid tank to domestic water from the domestic water supply before such domestic water flows to the hot water heater.
5. The solar energy collector system of claim 4, including a supplemental heater in the primary heat storage fluid tank for providing additional heat to the heat storage fluid in the primary heat storage fluid tank.
6. The solar energy collector system of claim 5, including a control system comprising:
- a roof temperature sensor positioned adjacent to the interior surface of the roof for detecting temperature at the interior surface of the roof;
- a primary heat storage fluid temperature sensor positioned in the primary heat storage fluid tank for sensing temperature of the heat storage fluid in the primary heat storage fluid tank;
- a controller that is programmed to receive signals from the roof temperature sensor and from the primary heat storage fluid temperature sensor and to output a signal to turn on the primary heat storage fluid pump to pump fluid from the primary heat storage fluid tank to the inlet header when the temperature at the interior surface of the roof is greater than the temperature of the heat storage fluid in the primary heat storage fluid tank.
7. The solar energy collector system of claim 6, wherein the secondary pipe system is connected and integrated in fluid flow relation with the primary pipe system such that the primary heat transfer fluid pump is also the secondary pump for pumping fluid from either the primary heat storage fluid tank or the heat disposal fluid tank or both to the inlet header.
8. The solar energy collector system of claim 7, including a building heating system that is configured to draw heated fluid from the primary heat storage fluid tank for transfer to and heating of an interior environment in the building.
9. The solar energy collector system of claim 8, including a building cooling system that is configured to draw cold fluid from the secondary fluid storage tank for transfer to and cooling of the interior environment of the building.
10. The solar energy collector system of claim 8, including a heat dissipation system that is configured to dissipate heat from the heat disposal fluid to surfaces or interior spaces that are desired to be heated.
11. The solar energy collector system of claim 8, including a ground source heat pump system that utilizes the heat disposal fluid as a source of heat or as a heat sink to dispose of heat.
12. A method of collecting heat from solar energy that is incident on a roof or exterior wall of building, comprising:
- circulating a heat transfer fluid through a tube that is connected in thermally conductive contact with an interior surface of a sheet that is in thermally conductive contact with, or that forms a part of, the roof or exterior wall of the building so that heat in the sheet transfers by conduction into the heat transfer fluid; and
- circulating the heat transfer fluid through a heat storage tank in the building.
13. The method of claim 12, including:
- comparing a temperature of the roof or exterior wall with a temperature of a fluid in the heat storage tank: and
- circulating the heat transfer fluid through the heat storage tank only when the temperature of the roof or exterior wall is higher than the temperature of the fluid in the heat storage tank.
14. The method of claim 13, including circulating the heat transfer fluid through the heat storage tank only when the temperature of the roof or exterior wall is higher than the temperature of the fluid in the heat storage tank and the temperature of the fluid in the heat storage tank is less than a predetermined desired maximum temperature.
15. The method of claim 14, including circulating the heat transfer fluid through a heat disposal tank when the temperature of the roof or exterior wall is higher than the temperature of the fluid in the heat storage tank and the temperature of the fluid in the heat storage tank is higher than the predetermined desired maximum temperature.
Type: Application
Filed: Aug 18, 2014
Publication Date: Feb 18, 2016
Inventor: Omar Lutfey (Loveland, CO)
Application Number: 14/462,413