PLATFORM SYSTEM FOR GREENHOUSE ROOF
A platform system useful for constructing, maintaining, or repairing greenhouse roofs comprises a platform section providing a working area surface formed with removable treads supported on left and right platform rails. The platform section is supported by downwardly projecting upper and lower support bases appointed to rest on structural members of the roof, thereby providing a clearance between the working area surface and the roof beneath. Guardrails extend along the sides of the platform section between guardrail posts attached at the upper and lower ends of the platform rails. The system is light-weight, minimizing the loading imposed on the roof and permitting it to be readily positioned by a small work crew. The support base may include retractable rollers that permit it to be slid upward across the eaves and onto the roof. A deployment assist cart may be used to erect, support, and access the platform system.
This application claims benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 62/053,277, filed Sep. 22, 2014, and entitled “Platform System For Greenhouse Roof,” which is incorporated herein in its entirety for all purposes by reference thereto.
FIELD OF THE INVENTIONThe present invention relates to a platform useful for safely constructing, maintaining, and repairing the roofs of greenhouses and other like building structures, which are relatively fragile and cannot sustain excessive loads.
TECHNICAL BACKGROUNDGreenhouses have long been used to provide a controlled climate for growing plants. Typically a greenhouse includes a skeletal structure made of metal (or possibly wood) supporting a roof formed of a material that is transparent to light but impervious to the passage of air or precipitation. Glass and plastic or polymeric materials are commonly used. Often the same materials are used to construct some or all of the walls of the greenhouse.
Light from the sun incident on a greenhouse includes radiation in both visible and infrared (heat) wavelengths. Some of this light passes through the walls and roof and is absorbed, heating the interior of the greenhouse and its contents. The walls and roof provide a closed construction that minimizes loss of that heat through unwanted circulation of the interior air to the exterior. Plants grown in a greenhouse can thus be kept warmer than they would be if simply situated in ambient air. Sometimes natural light is supplemented by artificial light. The inside air can also be heated and/or cooled and may be circulated by fans.
Greenhouses are used worldwide for a number of purposes, including their use to extend the typical growing season at both ends for plants and to permit plants to be cultivated in a given climate zone in which they otherwise could not be sustained. For example, in temperate climates, plants can be started from seed much earlier in the spring and may continue to produce flowers or fruit much later into the fall than they otherwise would. Many greenhouses are used to raise plants on a commercial scale that are either ornamental or produce edible fruits or vegetables. Greenhouses are also used to raise exotic or tropical plants for display in botanical gardens or to provide such plants to florists, and for horticultural and other botanical research projects.
Greenhouses are found in many configurations. For some, such as those in botanical parks and other public spaces, aesthetic appeal is a paramount design factor, so architects have included intricate, multi-planar or curvilinear roof shapes. On the other hand, utilitarian factors such as efficiency and minimizing costs of construction, operation, and maintenance govern the vast majority of designs for commercial greenhouses. The smallest sizes are sometimes built with a simple metal frame structure covered with a flexible film of material such as polyethylene. However, this construction has limited durability and resistance to wind and precipitation (rain, snow, hail, etc.), so roofs of larger commercial structures are commonly built with simple shapes having a limited number of large, planar surfaces formed with rigid panels of glass or comparable plastic materials.
For example, a common greenhouse structure is depicted generally at 10 in
The horizontal spacing between adjacent rafters 16 is ordinarily governed by the size of glass panels 26 that can be effectively supported just at their lateral edges 30 at the selected roof pitch. In a common configuration, the glass panels are installed in a shingled fashion, beginning from the eaves upward toward the ridge, with each successive ascending panel being lapped slightly over its lower predecessor to minimize the intrusion of precipitation and wind. The glass panels may be secured using a technique apparent in the detailed, cross-sectional view of
Frequently a ridge vent (not shown) is created at or near the ridge beam 18; it may be selectively openable to permit adjustment of the ventilation in the building. In some designs, some or all of the glass panels adjacent the ridge are mounted in openable frames to provide the ventilation. Additional glass panels elsewhere in the roof may also be made openable for additional ventilation. The structural members are almost always metal, although wood or other materials could be used.
Larger greenhouses are sometimes constructed by joining additional pairs of roof sections that alternate in slope, a form sometimes termed “ridge and furrow.” For example, a configuration having the shape of an inverted letter “W” (as seen in end view) could be formed using four planar sections. Such construction provides a structure having increased width, while maintaining the slope angle of the individual sections, but without increasing the overall height, as would be required for a single vee-shaped structure of the same roof slope and width.
It will be understood that the term “glass” is used herein to refer either to conventional glass panels of the types used ubiquitously in construction or to other frangible, transparent or translucent panel materials such as poly(methyl methacrylate) (e.g., PLEXIGLAS®) and polycarbonate (e.g., LEXAN®) that are also commonly used. Greenhouses are commonly constructed with ordinary soda-lime window glass, but more advanced tempered and laminated safety glasses are sometimes used. These advanced glass and plastic materials typically cost more but afford some advantages of improved safety and durability.
Society has increasingly recognized the importance of providing safety systems and equipment to mitigate or prevent injury to workers during building construction, operation, and maintenance. The prevalence of injuries in the past has prompted industry to voluntarily improve its own standards and practices. Regulations have also been imposed by governmental agencies. In general, safety practices that address these requirements are known and relatively easy to implement in many conventional construction and later maintenance and repair operations. However, the extensive use of frangible materials like glass in greenhouse roofs presents significant challenges that go beyond what is encountered with other, more common building types. For example, the hazard of falling off a roof is common to all buildings, but a worker on a greenhouse is additionally vulnerable to falling through a glass roof panel and being lacerated by broken glass or injured by hitting internal structural members or a hard ground surface attendant to the fall below. An even greater potential for serious, even life-threatening, injury is apparent.
Inevitably, glass roofs are vulnerable to damage during construction and during their ordinary use, whether resulting from inadvertent human actions or from external causes, like hail or other falling objects. Post-construction repairs often must be done quickly and under adverse conditions, which typically heighten the likelihood of accidents.
Repairs are sometimes made from a suitably positioned cherry picker crane that provides a worker access from a platform suspended above a work area. However, implementing this approach is typically costly, and a suitable ground location for the cherry picker close enough to the roof area may not be available.
Thus, workers often resort to planks or ladders placed directly onto the roof structure to form a makeshift working surface from which a worker can perform required repairs. However, these approaches do not afford acceptable safety, as safety equipment and precautions effectively used for conventional buildings are inadequate, inapplicable, or inoperable.
For example, fall protection is ordinarily required for persons such as roofers working more than a few feet off the ground. In some instances, railing systems associated with scaffold platforms or ladders are adequate, but often, workers must have mobility that makes these systems difficult or impossible to implement, so other approaches are needed.
Although various safety equipment and methods are known, including those described above, there nevertheless remains a need for systems that facilitate construction and repair of roofs of greenhouses and other buildings.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTIONAn aspect of the invention relates to a platform system elongated along a platform length direction between a lower end and an upper end and having opposing left and right sides separated along a platform width direction, the platform system being configured for placement on a roof structure and comprising:
(a) left and right upper-end guardrail posts and left and right lower-end guardrail posts;
(b) a platform section that extends along the platform length direction for a platform length and comprises:
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- (i) left and right platform rails that are disposed in spaced-apart, parallel relationship and extend horizontally along the length of the platform section between the upper and lower ends of the platform system, the upper-end guardrail posts and the lower-end guardrail posts being attached to the respective platform rails,
- (ii) a plurality of platform treads disposed along at least a portion of the platform length, each tread having left and right edges and spanning the left and right platform rails and being removably secured thereto, the treads collectively defining a working platform area having a platform width sufficient to accommodate a worker and a preselected working length defined by the number of treads present, and
- (iii) left and right guardrails that extend horizontally along the respective sides of the platform system for substantially the platform length, are attached to the respective left and right platform rails through the lower and upper guardrail posts, and are situated at a preselected height above the platform area;
(c) an upper support base proximate the upper end and comprising an upper horizontal member; and
(d) a lower support base proximate the lower end and comprising a lower horizontal member, and wherein the upper and lower support bases project downward from the platform section and are configured to rest on the roof structure to support the platform system and maintain a clearance between the roof structure and the platform section.
In some implementations, the present platform system is modularized, comprising a plurality of constituent parts or subassemblies that may be assembled and disassembled repeatedly. Modular construction facilitates convenient transportation and storage of the system, and permits the platform system to be adapted so it can be used to access roofs of different sizes and configurations.
Another aspect provides a platform erection system wherein the present platform system is used in conjunction with a deployment assist cart that comprises:
(a) a platform base section;
(b) a deployment support upstanding from the platform base section;
(c) deployment rails connected to the deployment support and configured to receive the platform system for deployment on the roof structure.
In an implementation, the deployment rails are rotatable between a loading position configured to accept the platform system and a deployment position configured to permit the platform system to be maneuvered from the deployment rails onto a surface of the roof structure. The deployment assist cart is beneficially employed in any of the transportation, erection, and support and stabilization of the platform system on a roof structure.
A further aspect provides a kit that comprises parts that, when assembled, are capable of forming the platform system of the present disclosure. In another implementation, the kit further comprises parts that, when assembled, are capable of forming the present deployment assist cart, which is configured to receive the platform system for deployment on a roof structure.
A still further aspect provides a method that provides access to a structure that may, without limitation, be a greenhouse roof structure. The method comprises providing the platform system of the present disclosure and disposing the platform system on a flat or sloped area of the structure, whereby access is provided to the area.
The present disclosure will be more fully understood and further advantages will become apparent when reference is made to the following detailed description of certain of the preferred embodiments and the accompanying drawings, wherein like reference numerals denote similar elements throughout the several views and in which:
An aspect of the present disclosure addresses the need for a platform system that allows a worker to construct and maintain roofs safely and conveniently, including especially the sloped roofs of greenhouses and like structures that are constructed of glass or other fragile materials. Embodiments of the platform system have a configuration that is adaptably sized and can be placed onto the roof, with the loading supported on appropriate structural members of the roof system. The platform system can be configured to permit a worker to easily access specific glass panels of a greenhouse roof for repair or replacement while providing a greatly improved level of security and protection.
Generally stated, embodiments of the present platform system include one or more of: (i) a platform section comprising a working surface having an adjustable working length; (ii) a railing system on one or both sides of the platform that protects a worker from inadvertently falling off the platform; (iii) support bases that allow the platform system to be supported with a clearance maintained between the working surface and the underlying roof; and (iv) anchorage points to which a worker's fall arrest system can be reliably secured. The platform system ordinarily is disposed on a sloped roof with its lower end approximately at the eaves of the roof and with its length direction extending along a line toward the roof ridge. It facilitates convenient and immediate access to any desired area of a roof structure underneath the platform system or adjacent to it.
The platform system is described herein with principal reference to its use in constructing and repairing glass-roofed greenhouses. However, it will be understood that embodiments of the platform systems provided herein are equally useful with roofs constructed with other fragile materials (e.g., slate or terra cotta tile) not capable of sustaining significant loads by themselves. More generally, the platform system and the optional deployment assist cart herein could be used beneficially in any other situation in which access to a horizontal or sloped area of a structure is desired but it is preferred, or probably necessary, that the loading that results be applied only in defined points or regions outside that immediate horizontal or sloped area.
The present platform system beneficially includes removable platform treads. They are ordinarily installed beginning at the lower end, with the total number of treads being preselected to provide access and define a working surface that extends just up to the roof area to be serviced, without obscuring it. Thus, the platform system provides great flexibility, with the working surface appointed to allow a worker to walk or crawl to gain access to the area of interest, and to sit, kneel, or lie close enough to carry out required activities in that area safely, conveniently, and comfortably. In an embodiment, the platform area and the associated platform treads are approximately 30 inches (75 cm) wide to afford easy passage and positioning of the worker, but other dimensions are also possible. Although not required, the platform system is typically constructed in sections that are at least 5 feet (1.5 m) long, but sections constructed in any convenient length, such as 10, 15, or 20 feet (3, 4.5, or 6 m) or more are also possible, especially if fabricated with lightweight materials that facilitate easy handling, as described in more detail below.
The terms “horizontal” and “vertical” are used herein to describe, in the conventional sense of those terms, the orientation of certain structural members of the present platform system when it is resting on a level, flat surface. Vertical members are thus ones that extend in a direction perpendicular to the plane of the level surface; horizontal members extend parallel to the plane of the level surface, and include ones oriented along either the platform length direction (e.g., platform rails 56 and guardrails 58 shown in
The present platform system and the working area provided thereby are described as elongated, meaning that they extend horizontally along a platform length direction with a platform length dimension that is ordinarily greater than a corresponding horizontal width dimension measured across the platform working area in a platform width direction perpendicular to the platform length direction. Hence, the platform system and certain components thereof are described as having “upper” and “lower” ends, which refer to the respective ends that are higher and lower in elevation when the system is disposed with its length extending generally along a direction between the eaves and the ridge of a sloped roof structure. Of course, other placements on a roof are also possible. Unless otherwise specified, “left” and “right” are used in reference to the sides of the platform system when viewed along the length direction from the lower end. As used herein, the term “working area” refers to the area of the present platform system that is accessible and configured to permit a worker to walk, stand, sit, kneel, or the like in the ordinary course of using the system. In general, the working area is provided by removable platform treads, though there may also be ancillary or peripheral areas that provide some additional amount of accessible space but are not covered with removable treads. The “full working area” is defined as the working area afforded when platform treads are installed in all available positions between the ends of the platform rails, whereby worker access is provided along the entire length of the platform system.
The present platform system and its various components may be constructed of any suitable structural materials that afford the requisite strength and other mechanical properties. Certain embodiments employ lightweight materials to minimize the loading imposed on structures on which the platform is situated during its ordinary use.
One possible embodiment of the present platform system is depicted by
One or more platform treads 78 span the left and right platform rails. In the
The guardrail system in some embodiments of the present platform system further comprises a sidewall to afford additional protection, inter alia, by inhibiting a prone worker from rolling off the side of the platform system through the space between the working surface and the guardrails. For example, the sidewall may be provided by screening or by one or more midrails that extend horizontally from the lower to upper guardrail posts and are located intermediate the working surface and the guardrail. Other implementations include optional bracing members in the guardrail system. For example, and without limitation, the sidewall in the embodiment of
Embodiments may also include toerails located contiguous to the working area. In the
The guardrail system, including the midrails and toerails if present, extends substantially the platform length, meaning that the railing coverage along the left and right sides of the platform system is sufficient to afford fall protection for a worker present anywhere on the working surface. In most embodiments, the guardrails extend continuously between guardrail posts that are attached to the platform rails at or near their respective opposite ends.
In some embodiments, the guardrail system is prepared as a unitary assembly, meaning that each horizontal guardrail and its associated upper and lower guardrail posts, and possibly other components, are formed as a single-piece assembly, such as by welding or otherwise permanently joining multiple components to form the single piece; by bending a single elongated member at its ends to form guardrail posts perpendicular to an intermediate guardrail section; or by any other suitable manufacturing process. A unitary guardrail assembly may also incorporate midrails, cross bracing, middle support posts, toerails, or other desired structural members. Alternatively, separate guardrail and guardrail post members may be connected in a non-unitary assembly by any suitable form of mechanical attachment, including, without limitation, bolted tube and socket connectors.
The present platform system can readily be equipped with suitable anchorage points for a personal fall arrest system. Such systems typically include a body belt or harness fitted to a worker and tethered by at least one rope, cable, chain, webbing strap, or the like to a suitable anchorage point. Once in the appointed working location, the worker attaches the tether to the anchorage point with a releasable locking clip, such as a carabiner or snap hook. However, the practical efficacy of any fall arrest system is completely dependent on having a conveniently positioned and anchorage point.
A functioning fall arrest system greatly reduces the likelihood of a serious injury to a worker from in the event of a fall, and may allow timely rescue and removal of the worker to safety. Many industry and governmental standards now require this or comparable protection for workers at elevated locations.
Adequate safety protection is particularly challenging for workers on a glass-panel greenhouse roof. The solid decking of many conventional roof constructions means a worker ordinarily is in danger only of falling only at the side or edge, whereas a worker on a greenhouse roof can also fall through the glass panels, with the potential of both lacerations from a broken panel and trauma from hitting structure on the way down and/or the floor or ground below. Suitable anchorage points readily be established on a conventional roof, e.g. by attachment to normal structural members or the roof deck itself, but are ordinarily unavailable or difficult to access on a glass roof.
An embodiment of the present platform system provides one or more anchorages for the tethers of a personal fall arrest system. Typically, these anchorages can be provided by any structure to which a locking clip, such as a carabiner or snap hook, can be removably attached. Ideally, the anchorages are adequate to sustain the load that might reasonably be expected in a fall or other like foreseeable emergency. In various embodiments, the anchorages of the present platform system comprise one or more discrete anchorage points that provide an aperture configured to render it capable of engaging a locking clip. Useful forms of such discrete anchorage points include, without limitation, eyebolts, and secured free rings having round, oval, d-ring, or other similarly functional shapes. They may be located at any accessible point. In a particularly convenient embodiment, the platform system comprises a plurality of discrete anchorage points disposed along both guardrails, thereby providing a worker using the platform system one or more anchorage points located in proximity to the working area with any possible tread configuration.
The structural integrity of the platform system shown in
The lower and upper horizontal members 60, 61 in
The present platform system employs platform treads that are removably secured to the platform rails. For clarity of illustration,
Any suitable form of tread attachment may be used to removably secure the platform treads. At least one attachment should be provided proximate the left and right edges of each tread, but two or more attachments may be used on each side to improve the stability and secure positioning of the attachment. In one simple form, the tread attachment comprises a threaded fastener system such as a bolt and nut arrangement, with the treads and platform rails having alignable apertures through which the fasteners can be passed and secured. Self-aligning arrangements are preferred for ease of configuration and assembly in the field.
For example, each platform rail may provide a U-shaped channel having an inwardly-facing opening sized to accept and support platform treads of a desired type. In this configuration, the treads either are slid in from the top or bottom end or are placed at the requisite level and rotated from an oblique orientation with respect to the platform length into horizontal orientation to effect engagement on both sides with the U-channel. Attachment can also be made using threaded fasteners such as a bolt and engaging nut or expanding toggles.
Another tread attachment method (shown in
Still another form of self-aligning tread attachment is depicted in
In the implementation depicted, each platform rail 56 comprises an inwardly-projecting support flange 57 configured to support the peripheral edges of platform treads 78a, 78b. In
Still referring to
Head 110 has a diameter such that it can pass through large-diameter portion 118 but not small-diameter portion 116 of slot 114, while shank 112 can slide through portion 116. Tread 78a is shown as being placed so that the large-diameter portion 118 of its keyhole-shaped slot 114 is oriented toward the lower end of the platform and with head 110 protruding through slot portion 118. Thereafter, tread 78a is secured by sliding it downward in the direction D into the position defined by dotted lines 119, so that shank 112 becomes located in portion 116. Tread 78b is shown in the resulting, fully-engaged configuration.
The platform treads are fabricated from any suitable material that provides sufficient strength, stiffness, and durability. Safety is promoted by a non-slip top surface on the treads, such as one that is suitably patterned, textured, or roughened. A gritty surface is especially beneficial for using the platform system in adverse weather. Metal or wood treads can be used, but strong, lightweight composite materials beneficially reduce weight. For example, a lightweight, non-skid platform tread can be fabricated using a KEVLAR® para-aramid-carbon fiber composite.
Some implementations of the present platform system include an inclined top platform tread as the uppermost tread. As depicted in
In another variant, some or all of the running platform treads may have an inclined configuration, so that the platform has the general appearance of a staircase and the platform treads function as stair steps on which the worker can ascend to the desired level, instead of walking up on an inclined, but generally planar, platform path.
The present platform system is appointed to be supported over a roof system in a manner that permits it to be used by a worker servicing an area of the roof beneath. Typically, one or both of the ends of the system are configured so that they may bear on capable structural members of the roof, such as the purlins depicted in
For example, the lower end of the
The present platform system optionally, but preferably, includes one or more retractable roller assemblies that facilitate rolling it into a desired position on a roof surface. The roller assemblies ordinarily provide for rolling motion along the platform length direction, but may permit lateral motion also. Various configurations are possible for the rollers, consistent with maneuverability and stability of the platform system.
In an implementation, the roller assembly comprises one or more retractable rollers having a retracted position and an extended position. The roller assembly is configured such that when the platform system is disposed on a roof structure with the rollers in the retracted position, at least one support base is in contact with the roof structure and the body of the platform system remains elevated above the roof structure; in the extended position, the rollers are in contact with the roof structure and bear against structural members (e.g., at least two of the glazing bars 32 shown in
For example, the exemplary embodiment of
As noted above, some greenhouses do not include structural members at the eaves to which the lower end of the present platform system can be secured. In such configurations, the lower end of the system can be secured to an external, temporary support such as a ladder, scaffold, or the deployment assist cart described below. Alternatively, the system can be configured with a lower support base 80 intended (like the upper support base 79) to rest on the roof itself. Such embodiments preferably include lower support pads and one or more rollers associated therewith, which are similar to upper support pads 86 and upper rollers 82. Of course, the platform system can employ both a lower support base and any suitable anchorage to an external support for added security.
Some roller assembly implementations employ a single, relatively wide roller at one or both ends of the platform system. For example, such a roller may extend laterally to at least the full width of the system, and preferably wider, so that the platform system itself is stable against tipping laterally and can be moved readily. Alternatively, at least two rollers, such as separate rollers included at both sides on of the one or both ends, are configured to provide similar stability.
In the
In any of these embodiments, each roller is ordinarily rotated on an axle supported at one or, preferably, both ends. In some implementations, the axle is supported by a fork having two prongs dependent from a central strut, with the ends of the axle attached to the respective prongs. Alternatively, one, or preferably both, ends of the axle are supported by independent struts. It is preferred, but not required, that the axle be in a fixed orientation along the width direction of the platform system.
A variety of actuation mechanisms can be employed to move the rollers between the extended and the retracted positions. In one option, the axle support mechanism is hingedly connected to some member of the platform structure, so that the roller assembly can be moved between the extended position and the retracted position. Various hinging arrangements are possible, including ones in which the roller assembly can be tilted downwardly from, and along the length of, the platform system (e.g., from a horizontal base member), or outwardly (e.g., from the platform rails). In another option, a lead screw or gear arrangement can be used to drive the axle support mechanism between the extended and retracted positions.
In still another option, the actuation relies on a spring mechanism associated with each roller. The spring mechanism urges the roller into the extended position, and may include a latching arrangement permitting the rollers to be locked in either or both of the extended and retracted positions. In other embodiments, the spring mechanism has a compliance such that imposing at least a predetermined weight on the platform system is sufficient to overcome the urging into the extended position and drive the rollers into the retracted position. Typically, the predetermined weight is some appreciable fraction of the expected weight of a worker, so that the rollers of an unloaded platform system are extended, but reliably move into retracted position once a worker mounts the platform.
In a related embodiment (not shown), a retractable roller assembly such as that of
In the embodiment depicted in
One possible modularized implementation is shown in
The locking connection is provided by connector arrangements that are disposed at each point of engagement between the end assemblies and the guardrails and platform rails. The
Generally stated, each connector arrangement comprises a first connector element attached to an end of the respective platform rail or guardrail, a second connector element attached to a respective one of the end assemblies, and a locking means. Typically, one of the connector elements is a connector pin; the other connector element is a socket having a complementary, mating shape adapted to receive the connector pin. The first and second connector elements are configured to be joined in mating relationship, with a locking pin securing the mutual engagement of the elements.
The detailed view of
Similar locking connections are made at each of points of engagement seen in
Locking engagements of the respective platform frame elements are readily implemented by using tubular members having round or rectangular internal passages to construct the guardrails and platform rails, with the connecting pins being of complementary size and shape. Other implementations are also suitable, including without limitation ones in which the respective disposition of the connector pins and sockets on the rails and end assemblies is reversed. In still another alternative, pins 96a and 97a are omitted and instead, sockets on the end assemblies are configured to directly receive the guardrails and platform rails with a locking connection.
The modular system of
In most modularized embodiments it is not intended that the components within the end assemblies be disassembled during ordinary operation of the platform system. Hence, the techniques used to assemble the end-assembly components can include welding, gluing, or other permanent methods, as well as other less permanent joining methods such as bolting the components together to permit repair or replacement of damaged parts. The guardrail and bracing elements of each side rail are ordinarily not intended for routine disassembly, and so are joined by similar methods.
In a further aspect, the modular concept of the
Implementations such as that of
In a still further aspect of the present disclosure, a deployment assist cart is used in conjunction with the platform system to provide a platform erection system. Such a cart may be used to facilitate the erection of the platform system onto a greenhouse roof. The cart may include wheels or tracks, so it can be moved to a desired site adjacent to a roof structure to be serviced. Preferably the cart is also used to transport the platform system components. It optionally provides a stable and secure attachment for the lower end of the platform system, since many greenhouses do not have a suitable structure to which the lower end can be secured.
Cart 160 is equipped with deployment support 168, which upstands from platform base section 169, and ordinarily is braced either by an optional access ladder 166 as shown in
Cart 160 further includes deployment rails configured to facilitate the erection of the platform on a roof. In a representative use, the cart is first positioned at the desired location. Then the platform system is staged on the deployment rails and thereafter deployed onto the adjacent roof. The entire system may be erected in one operation; alternatively, sections of a modular system may be positioned in a series of steps. The rails beneficially may be equipped with rollers, guides, slides, or the like that engage the platform components while they are being erected. (For clarity of illustration, the deployment rails are omitted from
Referring now to
In a first configuration shown in
Alternatively, the rails 170 might be disposed initially in deployment position 171b and then platform section 50 placed thereon, bypassing the rotation connecting the
It will be apparent that the cart embodiment seen in
It is desirable that the platform system be strong enough to accommodate the weight of a single worker and a desired payload of tools, equipment, and supplies needed for typical maintenance or repair operations. However, it is further preferred that the platform system be strong enough to support a second person, for example to assist or rescue the first worker in an emergency situation.
In certain embodiments, the present platform system beneficially has a strong but lightweight construction. Minimizing the platform's weight makes it easy to transport, assemble, and situate on a roof, while also reducing the load that is imposed onto the roof system during its use. Ideally the platform weight is a small fraction of the aggregate weight of a worker and their payload. It is further desirable that a platform system be light enough that a small work crew can readily erect and maneuver it into position, all without damaging a glass roof. Systems that can be handled by a two-person crew are beneficial, especially if the platform system can be erected on the roof without a crane or an elaborate or specialized hoist system.
In an embodiment, a platform system in accordance with the present disclosure is constructed with materials having high specific strength and stiffness. These characteristics are most readily attained with advanced composite materials, however it is to be understood that any structural material (e.g. metals) can also be employed in one or more components of low-weight embodiments. Suitable light-weight materials include, without limitation, composites with one or more of glass, carbon, or other polymers or polymeric fibers. Embodiments fabricated with members composed of a composite with KEVLAR® para-aramid/carbon fiber reinforcement in an epoxy matrix provide a beneficial combination of the required high specific strength and stiffness. Such composites can be manufactured in various shapes useful in constructing the present system, including without limitation round, square, and rectangular tubular forms and flat, planar panels. The various components can be joined using any suitable technique or joint hardware.
Certain embodiments of the present platform system are capable of supporting a rated load of at least 500 pounds or 200 kg while being light-weight. Such a platform system having an unloaded weight “W” (i.e., including a complete set of platform treads but excluding workers and other payloads) and a full platform working area “A” is considered to be light-weight if a value of the ratio W/A is at most 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10 pounds per square foot of working area.
The load of the platform system and its payload is supported over a roof area that may be larger than the platform working area, particularly for embodiments wherein the support bases include outrigger supports. The effective support area is at least as large as the area of a polygon having vertices defined by each of the points on which the platform system rests atop a roof or like structure. For example, the configuration depicted by
For example, a representative platform system embodiment of the form depicted by
The 230 pound weight of the platform system and treads of this embodiment is supported over an effective support area on the roof of 160 square feet (10 foot outrigger span×16 foot length), corresponding to an effective roof loading of about 1.44 pounds per square foot (69 N/m2) of effective support area. Even with a worker, tools, and materiel, the system thus imposes a roof loading far less than the building code requirement that a greenhouse in the Delaware location of the inventors must be capable of withstanding a snow loading of 20-25 pounds per square foot (˜958-1197 N/m2). In representative embodiments, the present platform system, including a full set of platform treads but without a user or any other payload, imposes an effective roof loading of at most 1.2, 1.4, 1.6, 1.8, 2, or 2.5 pounds per square foot of effective roof support area.
It is noted that design standards in the ladder and scaffold industries typically presume a safety factor of at least 5, meaning the device would be presumed able to withstand a loading of five times the rated nameplate load. The safety factor thus accounts for variations in strength of the actual device as constructed and possibly degraded during its lifetime and the need to support an additional worker who may be forced to aid the primary user in the event of an injury, medical emergency, fire, or other unforeseen circumstance.
Having thus described various embodiments of the invention in rather full detail, it will be understood that this detail need not be strictly adhered to but that further changes and modifications may suggest themselves to one skilled in the art, all falling within the scope of the invention as defined by the subjoined claims. For example, certain materials are identified herein as suitable for constructing components of the present platform system, but other materials known to a skilled artisan may also be used. Various structural configurations and assembly methods that are suitable are also known to the artisan.
In this specification, unless explicitly stated otherwise or indicated to the contrary by the context of usage, where an embodiment of the subject matter hereof is stated or described as comprising, including, containing, having, being composed of, or being constituted by or of certain features or elements, one or more features or elements in addition to those explicitly stated or described may be present in the embodiment. An alternative embodiment of the subject matter hereof, however, may be stated or described as consisting essentially of certain features or elements, in which embodiment features or elements that would materially alter the principle of operation or the distinguishing characteristics of the embodiment are not present therein. A further alternative embodiment of the subject matter hereof may be stated or described as consisting of certain features or elements, in which embodiment, or in insubstantial variations thereof, only the features or elements specifically stated or described are present. Additionally, the term “comprising” is intended to include examples encompassed by the terms “consisting essentially of” and “consisting of.” Similarly, the term “consisting essentially of” is intended to include examples encompassed by the term “consisting of.”
When any amount or other value or parameter is given as either a range, preferred range, or a list of upper preferable values and lower preferable values, this is to be understood as specifically disclosing all ranges formed from any pair of any upper range limit or preferred value and any lower range limit or preferred value, regardless of whether ranges are separately disclosed. Where a range of numerical values is recited herein, unless otherwise stated, the range is intended to include the endpoints thereof, and all integers and fractions within the range. It is not intended that the scope of the invention be limited to the specific values recited when defining a range.
In this specification, unless explicitly stated otherwise or indicated to the contrary by the context of usage, amounts, sizes, ranges, formulations, parameters, and other quantities and characteristics recited herein, particularly when modified by the term “about”, may but need not be exact, and may also be approximate and/or larger or smaller (as desired) than stated, reflecting tolerances, conversion factors, rounding off, measurement error, and the like, as well as the inclusion within a stated value of those values outside it that have, within the context of this invention, functional and/or operable equivalence to the stated value.
Claims
1. A platform system elongated along a platform length direction between a lower end and an upper end and having opposing left and right sides separated along a platform width direction, the platform system being configured for placement on a roof structure and comprising:
- (a) left and right upper-end guardrail posts and left and right lower-end guardrail posts;
- (b) a platform section that extends along the platform length direction for a platform length and comprises: (i) left and right platform rails that are disposed in spaced-apart, parallel relationship and extend horizontally along the length of the platform section between the upper and lower ends of the platform system, the upper-end guardrail posts and the lower-end guardrail posts being attached to the respective platform rails, (ii) a plurality of platform treads disposed along at least a portion of the platform length, each tread having left and right edges and spanning the left and right platform rails and being removably secured thereto, the treads collectively defining a working platform area having a platform width sufficient to accommodate a worker and a preselected working length defined by the number of treads present, and (iii) left and right guardrails that extend horizontally along the respective sides of the platform system for substantially the platform length, are attached to the respective left and right platform rails through the lower and upper guardrail posts, and are situated at a preselected height above the platform area;
- (c) an upper support base proximate the upper end and comprising an upper horizontal member; and
- (d) a lower support base proximate the lower end and comprising a lower horizontal member, and wherein the upper and lower support bases project downward from the platform section and are configured to rest on the roof structure to support the platform system and maintain a clearance between the roof structure and the platform section.
2. The platform system of claim 1, further comprising a roller assembly associated with the upper support base, the roller assembly comprising one or more rollers having a retracted position and an extended position, the roller assembly being configured such that when the platform system is placed on a roof structure: (a) with the rollers in the retracted position the upper support base is in contact with the roof structure; and (b) with the rollers in the extended position the rollers are in contact with the roof structure and the upper support base is elevated above the roof structure, thereby permitting the platform system to be rolled along the platform length direction.
3. The platform system of claim 2, wherein the roller assembly comprises a spring mechanism that is operable to urge the one or more rollers downward into the extended position and has a compliance such that imposition of at least a predetermined weight on the platform system is sufficient to overcome the downward urging and drive the one or more rollers into the retracted position.
4. The platform system of claim 2, wherein the roller assembly comprises at least two rollers, one of the at least two rollers being situated on each of the left and right sides of the platform system.
5. The platform system of claim 1, further comprising a roller assembly associated with each of the upper and lower support bases, each roller assembly comprising one or more rollers having a retracted position and an extended position, the roller assemblies being configured such that when the platform system is placed on a roof structure: (a) with the one or more rollers in the retracted position the support bases are in contact with the roof structure; and (b) with the one or more rollers in the extended position the rollers are in contact with the roof structure and the support bases are elevated above the roof structure, thereby permitting the platform system to be rolled along the platform length direction.
6. The platform system of claim 5, wherein each roller assembly comprises a spring mechanism that is operable to urge the one or more rollers of the roller assembly downward into the extended position and has a compliance such that imposition of at least a predetermined weight on the platform system is sufficient to overcome the downward urging and drive the one or more rollers of each roller assembly into the retracted position.
7. The platform system of claim 1, further comprising a plurality of tread attachments, at least one of which is disposed proximate each edge of each of the platform treads to removably secure the platform treads to the platform rails.
8. The platform system of claim 7, wherein each tread attachment comprises a stud having an enlarged head and upstanding from one of the respective platform rails, and at least one keyhole-shaped slot is provided proximate each edge of each platform tread, each keyhole-shaped slot being configured for locking engagement with one of the studs.
9. The platform system of claim 1, further comprising a plurality of anchorages, each configured to engage a locking clip of a personal fall arrest system.
10. The platform system of claim 9, wherein the anchorages comprise one or more discrete anchorage points spaced along each of the guardrails and attached thereto, each anchorage point providing an aperture configured to engage the locking clip.
11. The platform system of claim 1, wherein the upper-end guardrail posts and the upper support base are formed as an upper end assembly and the lower-end guardrail posts and the lower support base are formed as a lower end assembly, and the upper and lower end assemblies are separably joined to the platform section by connections made at points of engagement between the guardrails and the platform rails and the end assemblies.
12. The platform system of claim 1, being capable of supporting a rated load of at least 200 kg and having a ratio of an unloaded weight “W” of the platform system to a full working area “A” that is at most 8 pounds per square foot of working area.
13. The platform system of claim 1, wherein the left and right platform rails and the left and right guardrails are each comprised of a plurality of subsections that are collinearly disposed and separably joined together in a locking connection to form the respective platform rails and guardrails.
14. The platform system of claim 13, further comprising:
- a coupling support assembly situated intermediate the upper and lower ends and comprising a middle support base comprising a middle horizontal member and left and right middle guardrail posts connected to the middle support base,
- and wherein respective subsections of the platform rails and the guardrails are separably joined together through locking connections made using connectors disposed at points of engagement on the coupling support assembly.
15. The platform system of claim 14, wherein each of the connectors comprises a first connector element attached to an end of the respective platform rail or guardrail subsection, a second connector element attached to the coupling support assembly, and a locking pin, the connector elements being configured to be joined in mating relationship and secured to each other by mutual engagement with the locking pin, the first connector element being one of a connector pin and a mating socket and the second connector element being the other of the connector pin and the mating socket.
16. A platform erection system, comprising the platform system of claim 1 and a deployment assist cart comprising:
- (a) a platform base section;
- (b) a deployment support upstanding from the platform base section;
- (c) deployment rails connected to the deployment support and configured to receive the platform system for deployment on a roof structure.
17. The platform erection system of claim 16, wherein the deployment rails are rotatable between a loading position configured to accept the platform system and a deployment position configured to permit the platform system to be maneuvered from the deployment rails onto a surface of the roof structure.
18. A method of providing access to a structure, comprising:
- (a) providing a platform system as recited by claim 1; and
- (b) disposing the platform system on a flat or sloped area of the structure, whereby access is provided to the area.
19. A kit, comprising parts that, when assembled, are capable of forming the platform system of claim 1.
20. The kit of claim 19, further comprising parts that, when assembled, are capable of forming a deployment assist cart comprising:
- (a) a platform base section;
- (b) a deployment support upstanding from the platform base section;
- (c) deployment rails connected to the deployment support and configured to receive the platform system for deployment on a roof structure.
Type: Application
Filed: Aug 7, 2015
Publication Date: Mar 24, 2016
Inventors: PAUL J. ARNOLD (ELKTON, MD), DAVID C. HEWLETT (WILMINGTON, DE), LOUIS G. ROSANIO (WILMINGTON, DE), DAVID A. SHILDT (MIDDLETOWN, DE), DAVID CARLTON VISSER (WILMINGTON, DE), MARK JEFFERSON WHITLEY (LAUREL SPRINGS, NJ), ROBERT P. WOODMAN (WEST CHESTER, PA)
Application Number: 14/820,624