ORGANOMETALLIC COMPOUND AND ORGANIC LIGHT-EMITTING DEVICE INCLUDING THE SAME

An organometallic compound represented by Formula 1: M(L1)n1(L2)n2  Formula 1 wherein in Formula 1, M, L1, L2, n1, and n2 are the same as described in the specification.

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Description
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

This application claims priority to and the benefit of Korean Patent Applications No. 10-2014-0169185, filed on Nov. 28, 2014 and Korean Patent Applications No. 10-2015-0103013, filed on Jul. 21, 2015, in the Korean Intellectual Property Office, the contents of which are incorporated herein in their entirety by reference.

BACKGROUND

1. Field

The present disclosure relates to an organometallic compound and an organic light-emitting device including the same.

2. Description of the Related Art

Organic light-emitting devices (OLEDs) are self-emission devices that have wide viewing angles, high contrast ratios, and short response times. In addition, OLEDs exhibit excellent brightness, driving voltage, and response speed characteristics, and produce full-color images.

In an example, an organic light-emitting device includes an anode, a cathode, and an organic layer including an emission layer disposed between the anode and the cathode. A hole transport region may be disposed between the anode and the emission layer, and an electron transport region may be disposed between the emission layer and the cathode. Holes provided from the anode may move toward the emission layer through the hole transport region, and electrons provided from the cathode may move toward the emission layer through the electron transport region. The holes and the electrons recombine in the emission layer to produce excitons. These excitons change from an excited state to a ground state, thereby generating light.

Different types of organic light emitting devices are known. However, there still remains a need in OLEDs having low driving voltage, high efficiency, high brightness, and long lifespan.

SUMMARY

Provided are a novel organometallic compound and an organic light-emitting device including the same.

Additional aspects will be set forth in part in the description which follows and, in part, will be apparent from the description, or may be learned by practice of the presented exemplary embodiments.

According to an aspect of an exemplary embodiment, an organometallic compound is represented by Formula 1:


M(L1)n1(L2)n2  Formula 1

M in Formula 1 is selected from Ir, Pt, Os, Ti, Zr, Hf, Eu, Tb, Tm, and Rh,

    • L1 in Formula 1 is selected from ligands represented by Formula 2, n1 is 1, 2, or 3, provided that when n1 is 2 or greater, two or more groups L1 are identical to or different from each other,
    • L2 in Formula 1 is selected from a monovalent organic ligand, a divalent organic ligand, a trivalent organic ligand, and a tetravalent organic ligand, n2 is 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4, provided that when n2 is 2 or greater, two or more groups L2 are identical to or different from each other,
    • L1 and L2 in Formula 1 are different from each other,
    • CY1 in Formula 2 is a C1-C18 condensed cyclic ring i) in which two to four unsaturated 6-membered rings are condensed to each other and ii) which optionally has N as a ring forming atom,
    • R1 to R6, R11, and R12 in Formula 2 are each independently selected from hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, —SF5, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid or a salt thereof, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C60 alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C2-C60 alkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C2-C60 alkynyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C60 alkoxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C3-C10 cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C10 heterocycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C3-C10 cycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C10 heterocycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C6-C60 aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C6-C60 aryloxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C6-C60 arylthio group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C60 heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, —Si(Q1)(Q2)(Q3), —N(Q4)(Q5), —B(Q6)(Q7), and —P(═O)(Q8)(Q9),
    • b1, b2, b5, and b6 in Formula 2 are each independently an integer selected from 0 to 4, provided that the sum of b5 and b6 is 1 or greater,
    • each of * and *′ in Formula 2 is a binding site to M in Formula, and
    • at least one of substituents of the substituted C1-C60 alkyl group, substituted C2-C60 alkenyl group, substituted C2-C60 alkynyl group, substituted C1-C60 alkoxy group, substituted C3-C10 cycloalkyl group, substituted C1-C10 heterocycloalkyl group, substituted C3-C10 cycloalkenyl group, substituted C1-C10 heterocycloalkenyl group, substituted C6-C60 aryl group, substituted C6-C60 aryloxy group, substituted C6-C60 arylthio group, substituted C1-C60 heteroaryl group, substituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and substituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group is selected from
    • deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, —CD3, —CD2H, —CDH2, —CF3, —CF2H, —CFH2, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid or a salt thereof, a C1-C60 alkyl group, a C2-C60 alkenyl group, a C2-C60 alkynyl group, and a C1-C60 alkoxy group;
    • a C1-C60 alkyl group, a C2-C60 alkenyl group, a C2-C60 alkynyl group, and a C1-C60 alkoxy group, each substituted with at least one selected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, —CD3, —CD2H, —CDH2, —CF3, —CF2H, —CFH2, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid or a salt thereof, a C3-C10 cycloalkyl group, a C1-C10 heterocycloalkyl group, a C3-C10 cycloalkenyl group, a C1-C10 heterocycloalkenyl group, a C6-C60 aryl group, a C6-C60 aryloxy group, a C6-C60 arylthio group, a C1-C60 heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, —Si(Q11)(Q12)(Q13), —N(Q14)(Q15), —B(Q16)(Q17), and —P(═O)(Q18)(Q19);
    • a C3-C10 cycloalkyl group, a C1-C10 heterocycloalkyl group, a C3-C10 cycloalkenyl group, a C1-C10 heterocycloalkenyl group, a C6-C60 aryl group, a C6-C60 aryloxy group, a C6-C60 arylthio group, a C1-C60 heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group;
    • a C3-C10 cycloalkyl group, a C1-C10 heterocycloalkyl group, a C3-C10 cycloalkenyl group, a C1-C10 heterocycloalkenyl group, a C6-C60 aryl group, a C6-C60 aryloxy group, a C6-C60 arylthio group, a C1-C60 heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, each substituted with at least one selected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, —CD3, —CD2H, —CDH2, —CF3, —CF2H, —CFH2, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid or a salt thereof, a C1-C60 alkyl group, a C2-C60 alkenyl group, a C2-C60 alkynyl group, a C1-C60 alkoxy group, a C3-C10 cycloalkyl group, a C1-C10 heterocycloalkyl group, a C3-C10 cycloalkenyl group, a C1-C10 heterocycloalkenyl group, a C6-C60 aryl group, a C6-C60 aryloxy group, a C6-C60 arylthio group, a C1-C60 heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, —Si(Q21)(Q22)(Q23), —N(Q24)(Q25), —B(Q26)(Q27) and —P(═O)(Q28)(Q29); and
    • —Si(Q31)(Q32)(Q33), —N(Q34)(Q35), —B(Q36)(Q37), and —P(═O)(Q38)(Q39),
    • wherein Q1 to Q9, Q11 to Q19, Q21 to Q29, and Q31 to Q39 are each independently selected from hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid or a salt thereof, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C60 alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C2-C60 alkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C2-C60 alkynyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C60 alkoxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C3-C10 cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C10 heterocycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C3-C10 cycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C10 heterocycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C6-C60 aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C6-C60 aryloxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C6-C60 arylthio group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C60 heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group.

According to an aspect of another exemplary embodiment, an organic light-emitting device includes:

    • a first electrode;
    • a second electrode; and
    • an organic layer disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode,
    • wherein the organic layer includes an emission layer and at least one organometallic compound represented by Formula 1.

The emission layer may include the organometallic compound.

The organometallic compound included in the emission layer may act as a dopant and the emission layer may act as a host.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING

These and/or other aspects will become apparent and more readily appreciated from the following description of the exemplary embodiments, taken in conjunction with FIG. 1 which is a schematic cross-sectional view of an organic light-emitting device according to an exemplary embodiment.

 DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Reference will now be made in detail to exemplary embodiments, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like reference numerals refer to like elements throughout. In this regard, the present exemplary embodiments may have different forms and should not be construed as being limited to the descriptions set forth herein. Accordingly, the exemplary embodiments are merely described below, by referring to the figures, to explain aspects. As used herein, the term “and/or” includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items. Expressions such as “at least one of,” when preceding a list of elements, modify the entire list of elements and do not modify the individual elements of the list.

It will be understood that when an element is referred to as being “on” another element, it can be directly in contact with the other element or intervening elements may be present therebetween. In contrast, when an element is referred to as being “directly on” another element, there are no intervening elements present.

It will be understood that, although the terms first, second, third etc. may be used herein to describe various elements, components, regions, layers, and/or sections, these elements, components, regions, layers, and/or sections should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element, component, region, layer, or section from another element, component, region, layer, or section. Thus, a first element, component, region, layer, or section discussed below could be termed a second element, component, region, layer, or section without departing from the teachings of the present embodiments.

The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting. As used herein, the singular forms “a,” “an,” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.

The term “or” means “and/or.” It will be further understood that the terms “comprises” and/or “comprising,” or “includes” and/or “including” when used in this specification, specify the presence of stated features, regions, integers, steps, operations, elements, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, regions, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof.

Unless otherwise defined, all terms (including technical and scientific terms) used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this general inventive concept belongs. It will be further understood that terms, such as those defined in commonly used dictionaries, should be interpreted as having a meaning that is consistent with their meaning in the context of the relevant art and the present disclosure, and will not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense unless expressly so defined herein.

“About” or “approximately” as used herein is inclusive of the stated value and means within an acceptable range of deviation for the particular value as determined by one of ordinary skill in the art, considering the measurement in question and the error associated with measurement of the particular quantity (i.e., the limitations of the measurement system). For example, “about” can mean within one or more standard deviations, or within ±30%, 20%, 10%, 5% of the stated value.

Exemplary embodiments are described herein with reference to cross section illustrations that are schematic illustrations of idealized embodiments. As such, variations from the shapes of the illustrations as a result, for example, of manufacturing techniques and/or tolerances, are to be expected. Thus, embodiments described herein should not be construed as limited to the particular shapes of regions as illustrated herein but are to include deviations in shapes that result, for example, from manufacturing. For example, a region illustrated or described as flat may, typically, have rough and/or nonlinear features. Moreover, sharp angles that are illustrated may be rounded. Thus, the regions illustrated in the figures are schematic in nature and their shapes are not intended to illustrate the precise shape of a region and are not intended to limit the scope of the present claims.

An organometallic compound according to an exemplary embodiment is represented by Formula 1:


M(L1)n1(L2)n2  Formula 1

    • M in Formula 1 may be selected from iridium (Ir), platinum (Pt), osmium (Os), titanium (Ti), zirconium (Zr), hafnium (Hf), europium (Eu), terbium (Tb), thulium (Tm), and rhodium (Rh).

For example, M in Formula 1 may be selected from iridium, platinum, osmium, and rhodium.

In an embodiment, M in Formula 1 may be selected from iridium and platinum, but is not limited thereto.

L1 in Formula 1 may be selected from ligands represented by Formula 2, n1 is 1, 2, or 3, provided that when n1 is 2 or greater, two or more groups L1 may be identical to or different from each other.

L2 in Formula 1 may be selected from a monovalent organic ligand, a divalent organic ligand, a trivalent organic ligand, and a tetravalent organic ligand, n2 may be 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4, provided that when n2 is 2 or greater, two or more groups L2 may be identical to or different from each other.

L1 and L2 in Formula 1 may be different from each other.

For example, n1 in Formula 1 may be 1 or 2, but is not limited thereto.

In some embodiments, the organometallic compound represented by Formula 1 may not be a salt consisting of an ion pair, but be neutral.

In an embodiment, M in Formula 1 may be Ir and the sum of n1 and n2 may be 3; or M is Pt, the sum of n1 and n2 may be 2, and the organometallic compound represented by Formula 1 may be neutral.

CY1 in Formula 2 may be a C1-C18 condensed cyclic ring i) in which two to four unsaturated 6-membered rings are condensed to each other and ii) which optionally has nitrogen (N) as a ring forming atom.

For example, CY1 in Formula 2 may be selected from a naphthalene, a phenanthrene, an anthracene, a triphenylene, a pyrene, a chrysene, a naphthacene, a tetraphene, a tetracene, a quinoline, an isoquinoline, a benzoquinoline, a phthalazine, a naphthyridine, a quinoxaline, a quinazoline, a cinnoline, a phenanthridine, an acridine, a phenanthroline, and a phenazine.

In an embodiment, CY1 in Formula 2 may be selected from a naphthalene, a phenanthrene, an anthracene, a triphenylene, a pyrene, a chrysene, a naphthacene, a tetraphene, and a tetracene.

In some embodiments, CY1 in Formula 2 may be a triphenylene, but is not limited thereto.

R1 to R6, R11, and R12 in Formula 2 may be each independently selected from hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, —SF5, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid or a salt thereof, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C60 alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C2-C60 alkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C2-C60 alkynyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C60 alkoxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C3-C10 cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C10 heterocycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C3-C10 cycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C10 heterocycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C6-C60 aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C6-C60 aryloxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C6-C60 arylthio group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C60 heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, —Si(Q1)(Q2)(Q3), —N(Q4)(Q5), —B(Q6)(Q7), and —P(═O)(Q8)(Q9).

For example, R11 and R12 in Formula 2 may be each independently selected from

hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid or a salt thereof, —SF5, a C1-C20 alkyl group, and a C1-C20 alkoxy group;

a C1-C20 alkyl group and a C1-C20 alkoxy group, each substituted with at least one selected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, —CD3, —CD2H, —CDH2, —CF3, —CF2H, —CFH2, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid or a salt thereof, a C1-C10 alkyl group, a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a cycloheptyl group, a cyclooctyl group, an adamantanyl (adamantyl) group, a norbornanyl (norbornyl) group, a norbornenyl group, a cyclopentenyl group, a cyclohexenyl group, a cycloheptenyl group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a pyridinyl group, and a pyrimidinyl group;

a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a cycloheptyl group, a cyclooctyl group, an adamantanyl group, a norbornanyl group, a norbornenyl group, a cyclopentenyl group, a cyclohexenyl group, a cycloheptenyl group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyrrolyl group, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group, an imidazolyl group, a pyrazolyl group, a thiazolyl group, an isothiazolyl group, an oxazolyl group, an isoxazolyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, an isoindolyl group, an indolyl group, an indazolyl group, a purinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, a benzoimidazolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, an isobenzothiazolyl group, a benzoxazolyl group, an isobenzoxazolyl group, a triazolyl group, a tetrazolyl group, an oxadiazolyl group, a triazinyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a benzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, an imidazopyridinyl group, and an imidazopyrimidinyl group;

a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a cycloheptyl group, a cyclooctyl group, an adamantanyl group, a norbornanyl group, a norbornenyl group, a cyclopentenyl group, a cyclohexenyl group, a cycloheptenyl group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyrrolyl group, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group, an imidazolyl group, a pyrazolyl group, a thiazolyl group, an isothiazolyl group, an oxazolyl group, an isoxazolyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, an isoindolyl group, an indolyl group, an indazolyl group, a purinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, a benzoimidazolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, an isobenzothiazolyl group, a benzoxazolyl group, an isobenzoxazolyl group, a triazolyl group, a tetrazolyl group, an oxadiazolyl group, a triazinyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a benzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, an imidazopyridinyl group, and an imidazopyrimidinyl group, each substituted with at least one selected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, —CD3, —CD2H, —CDH2, —CF3, —CF2H, —CFH2, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid or a salt thereof, a C1-C20 alkyl group, a C1-C20 alkoxy group, a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a cycloheptyl group, a cyclooctyl group, an adamantanyl group, a norbornanyl group, a norbornenyl group, a cyclopentenyl group, a cyclohexenyl group, a cycloheptenyl group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyrrolyl group, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group, an imidazolyl group, a pyrazolyl group, a thiazolyl group, an isothiazolyl group, an oxazolyl group, an isoxazolyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, an isoindolyl group, an indolyl group, an indazolyl group, a purinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, a benzoimidazolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, an isobenzothiazolyl group, a benzoxazolyl group, an isobenzoxazolyl group, a triazolyl group, a tetrazolyl group, an oxadiazolyl group, a triazinyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a benzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, an imidazopyridinyl group, and an imidazopyrimidinyl group; and

    • —B(Q6)(Q7) and —P(═O)(Q8)(Q9),
    • wherein Q6 to Q9 are each independently selected from
    • —CH3, —CD3, —CD2H, —CDH2, —CH2CH3, —CH2CD3, —CH2CD2H, —CH2CDH2, —CHDCH3, —CHDCD2H, —CHDCDH2, —CHDCD3, —CD2CD3, —CD2CD2H, and —CD2CDH2;
    • an n-propyl group, an isopropyl group, an n-butyl group, an isobutyl group, a sec-butyl group, a tert-butyl group, an n-pentyl group, an isopentyl group, a sec-pentyl group, a tert-pentyl group, a phenyl group, and a naphthyl group; and
    • an n-propyl group, an isopropyl group, an n-butyl group, an isobutyl group, a sec-butyl group, a tert-butyl group, an n-pentyl group, an isopentyl group, a sec-pentyl group, a tert-pentyl group, a phenyl group, and a naphthyl group, each substituted with at least one selected from deuterium, a C1-C10 alkyl group, and a phenyl group.

In some embodiments, R11 and R12 in Formula 2 may be each independently selected from

    • hydrogen, deuterium, —F, a cyano group, a nitro group, —SF5, a methyl group, an ethyl group, an n-propyl group, an isopropyl group, an n-butyl group, an isobutyl group, a sec-butyl group, a tert-butyl group, an n-pentyl group, an isopentyl group, a sec-pentyl group, a tert-pentyl group, an n-hexyl group, an isohexyl group, a sec-hexyl group, a tert-hexyl group, an n-heptyl group, an isoheptyl group, a sec-heptyl group, a tert-heptyl group, an n-octyl group, an isooctyl group, a sec-octyl group, a tert-octyl group, an n-nonyl group, an isononyl group, a sec-nonyl group, a tert-nonyl group, an n-decyl group, an isodecyl group, a sec-decyl group, a tert-decyl group, a methoxy group, an ethoxy group, a propoxy group, a butoxy group, a pentoxy group, a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a cycloheptyl group, a cyclooctyl group, an adamantanyl group, a norbornanyl group, a norbornenyl group, a cyclopentenyl group, a cyclohexenyl group, a cycloheptenyl group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a pyridinyl group, and a pyrimidinyl group;
    • a methyl group, an ethyl group, an n-propyl group, an isopropyl group, an n-butyl group, an isobutyl group, a sec-butyl group, a tert-butyl group, an n-pentyl group, an isopentyl group, a sec-pentyl group, a tert-pentyl group, an n-hexyl group, an isohexyl group, a sec-hexyl group, a tert-hexyl group, an n-heptyl group, an isoheptyl group, a sec-heptyl group, a tert-heptyl group, an n-octyl group, an isooctyl group, a sec-octyl group, a tert-octyl group, an n-nonyl group, an isononyl group, a sec-nonyl group, a tert-nonyl group, an n-decyl group, an isodecyl group, a sec-decyl group, a tert-decyl group, a methoxy group, an ethoxy group, a propoxy group, a butoxy group, a pentoxy group, a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a cycloheptyl group, a cyclooctyl group, an adamantanyl group, a norbornanyl group, a norbornenyl group, a cyclopentenyl group, a cyclohexenyl group, a cycloheptenyl group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a pyridinyl group, and a pyrimidinyl group, each substituted with at least one selected from deuterium, —F, —CD3, —CD2H, —CDH2, —CF3, —CF2H, —CFH2, a cyano group, a nitro group, a C1-C10 alkyl group, a C1-C10 alkoxy group, a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a cycloheptyl group, a cyclooctyl group, an adamantanyl group, a norbornanyl group, a norbornenyl group, a cyclopentenyl group, a cyclohexenyl group, a cycloheptenyl group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a pyridinyl group, and a pyrimidinyl group; and
    • —B(Q6)(Q7) and —P(═O)(Q8)(Q9),
    • wherein Q6 to Q9 are each independently selected from
    • —CH3, —CD3, —CD2H, —CDH2, —CH2CH3, —CH2CD3, —CH2CD2H, —CH2CDH2, —CHDCH3, —CHDCD2H, —CHDCDH2, —CHDCD3, —CD2CD3, —CD2CD2H, and —CD2CDH2;
    • an n-propyl group, an isopropyl group, an n-butyl group, an isobutyl group, a sec-butyl group, a tert-butyl group, an n-pentyl group, an isopentyl group, a sec-pentyl group, a tert-pentyl group, a phenyl group, and a naphthyl group; and
    • an n-propyl group, an isopropyl group, an n-butyl group, an isobutyl group, a sec-butyl group, a tert-butyl group, an n-pentyl group, an isopentyl group, a sec-pentyl group, a tert-pentyl group, a phenyl group, and a naphthyl group, each substituted with at least one selected from deuterium, a C1-C10 alkyl group, and a phenyl group.

In some embodiments, R1 to R6 in Formula 2 may be each independently selected from

    • a C1-C10 alkyl group, a phenyl group, and —Si(Q1)(Q2)(Q3); and
    • a C1-C10 alkyl group and a phenyl group, each substituted with at least one selected from deuterium and a C1-C10 alkyl group,
    • wherein Q1 to Q3 are each independently selected from
    • —CH3, —CD3, —CD2H, —CDH2, —CH2CH3, —CH2CD3, —CH2CD2H, —CH2CDH2, —CHDCH3, —CHDCD2H, —CHDCDH2, —CHDCD3, —CD2CD3, —CD2CD2H, and —CD2CDH2;
    • an n-propyl group, an isopropyl group, an n-butyl group, an isobutyl group, a sec-butyl group, a tert-butyl group, an n-pentyl group, an isopentyl group, a sec-pentyl group, a tert-pentyl group, a phenyl group, and a naphthyl group; and
    • an n-propyl group, an isopropyl group, an n-butyl group, an isobutyl group, a sec-butyl group, a tert-butyl group, an n-pentyl group, an isopentyl group, a sec-pentyl group, a tert-pentyl group, a phenyl group, and a naphthyl group, each substituted with at least one selected from deuterium, a C1-C10 alkyl group, and a phenyl group.

In Formula 2,

    • R1 to R3 may all be identical;
    • R1 and R3 may be identical to each other and R2 and R1 may be different from each other; or
    • R1 to R3 may all be different, and
    • R4 to R6 may all be identical;
    • R4 and R6 may be identical to each other and R5 and R4 may be different from each other; or
    • R4 to R6 may all be different from each other.

In an embodiment, R11 and R12 in Formula 2 may be each independently selected from hydrogen, deuterium, —F, a cyano group, a nitro group, —SF5, —CH3, —CD3, —CD2H, —CDH2, —CF3, —CF2H, —CFH2, groups represented by Formulae 9-1 to 9-19, and groups represented by Formulae 10-1 to 10-38,

    • R1 to R6 in Formula 2 may be each independently selected from
    • —CH3, —CD3, —CD2H, —CDH2, —CH2CH3, —CH2CD3, —CH2CD2H, —CH2CDH2, —CHDCH3, —CHDCD2H, —CHDCDH2, —CHDCD3, —CD2CD3, —CD2CD2H, and —CD2CDH2;
    • an n-propyl group, an isopropyl group, an n-butyl group, an isobutyl group, a sec-butyl group, a tert-butyl group, an n-pentyl group, an isopentyl group, a sec-pentyl group a tert-pentyl group, a phenyl group, and —Si(Q1)(Q2)(Q3); and
    • an n-propyl group, an isopropyl group, an n-butyl group, an isobutyl group, a sec-butyl group, a tert-butyl group, an n-pentyl group, an isopentyl group, a sec-pentyl group a tert-pentyl group, and a phenyl group, each substituted with at least one selected from a deuterium and a C1-C10 alkyl group,
    • wherein Q1 to Q3 are each independently selected from
    • —CH3, —CD3, —CD2H, —CDH2, —CH2CH3, —CH2CD3, —CH2CD2H, —CH2CDH2, —CHDCH3, —CHDCD2H, —CHDCDH2, —CHDCD3, —CD2CD3, —CD2CD2H, and —CD2CDH2;
    • an n-propyl group, an isopropyl group, an n-butyl group, an isobutyl group, a sec-butyl group, a tert-butyl group, an n-pentyl group, an isopentyl group, a sec-pentyl group, a tert-pentyl group, a phenyl group, and a naphthyl group; and
    • an n-propyl group, an isopropyl group, an n-butyl group, an isobutyl group, a sec-butyl group, a tert-butyl group, an n-pentyl group, an isopentyl group, a sec-pentyl group, a tert-pentyl group, a phenyl group, and a naphthyl group, each substituted with at least one selected from deuterium, a C1-C10 alkyl group, and a phenyl group:

b1 in Formula 2 indicates the number of groups R11, and is an integer selected from 0 to 4. When b1 is 2 or greater, two or more groups R11 may be identical to or different from each other.

b2 in Formula 2 indicates the number of groups R12, and is an integer selected from 0 to 4. When b2 is 2 or greater, two or more groups R12 may be identical to or different from each other.

b5 in Formula 2 indicates the number of groups *—[Si(R1)(R2)(R3)], and is an integer selected from 0 to 4. When b5 is 2 or greater, two or more groups *—[Si(R1)(R2)(R3)] may be identical to or different from each other. For example, b5 may be 1, 2, or 3, or may be 1.

b6 in Formula 2 indicates the number of groups *—[Si(R4)(R5)(R6)], and is an integer selected from 0 to 4. When b6 is 2 or greater, two or more groups *—[Si(R4)(R5)(R6)] may be identical to or different from each other. For example, b6 may be 0, 1, or 2, or may be 0.

The sum of b5 and b6 in Formula 2 may be 1 or greater.

In an embodiment, in Formula 2, b5 may be 1 or 2 and b6 may be 0 or 1, but they are not limited thereto.

Each of* and *′ in Formula 2 indicates a binding site to M in Formula 1.

In an embodiment, L1 in Formula 1 may be selected from ligands represented by Formula 2(1):

Descriptions of CY1, R1 to R3, R11, R12, b1, and b2 in Formula 2(1) are the same as presented above, and each of * and *′ indicates a binding site to M in Formula 1.

In some embodiments, L1 in Formula 1 may be selected from ligands represented by Formulae 2-1 to 2-47:

In Formulae 2-1 to 2-47,

    • descriptions of R1 to R3, R11, and b1 are the same as presented above,
    • b5 may be 1, 2, or 3,
    • X1 may be N or C(R21), X2 may be N or C(R22), X3 may be N or C(R23), X4 may be N or C(R24), X5 may be N or C(R25), X6 may be N or C(R26), X7 may be N or C(R27), X8 may be N or C(R28), X9 may be N or C(R29), X10 may be N or C(R30),
    • descriptions of R21 to R30 are understood by referring to the descriptions of R12, and
    • each of * and *′ indicates a binding site to M in Formula 1.

In an embodiment, in Formulae 2-1 to 2-47, X1 may be C(R21), X2 may be C(R22), X3 may be C(R23), X4 may be C(R24), X5 may be C(R25), X6 may be C(R26), X7 may be C(R27), X8 may be C(R28), X9 may be C(R29), and X10 may be C(R30).

For example, in Formulae 2-1 to 2-47,

    • R21 to R30 may be each independently selected from
    • a hydrogen, deuterium, —F, a cyano group, a nitro group, —SF5, a methyl group, an ethyl group, an n-propyl group, an isopropyl group, an n-butyl group, an isobutyl group, a sec-butyl group, a tert-butyl group, an n-pentyl group, an isopentyl group, a sec-pentyl group, a tert-pentyl group, an n-hexyl group, an isohexyl group, a sec-hexyl group, a tert-hexyl group, an n-heptyl group, an isoheptyl group, a sec-heptyl group, a tert-heptyl group, an n-octyl group, an isooctyl group, a sec-octyl group, a tert-octyl group, an n-nonyl group, an isononyl group, a sec-nonyl group, a tert-nonyl group, an n-decyl group, an isodecyl group, a sec-decyl group, a tert-decyl group, a methoxy group, an ethoxy group, a propoxy group, a butoxy group, a pentoxy group, a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a cycloheptyl group, a cyclooctyl group, an adamantanyl group, a norbornanyl group, a norbornenyl group, a cyclopentenyl group, a cyclohexenyl group, a cycloheptenyl group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a pyridinyl group, and a pyrimidinyl group;
    • a methyl group, an ethyl group, an n-propyl group, an isopropyl group, an n-butyl group, an isobutyl group, a sec-butyl group, a tert-butyl group, an n-pentyl group, an isopentyl group, a sec-pentyl group, a tert-pentyl group, an n-hexyl group, an isohexyl group, a sec-hexyl group, a tert-hexyl group, an n-heptyl group, an isoheptyl group, a sec-heptyl group, a tert-heptyl group, an n-octyl group, an isooctyl group, a sec-octyl group, a tert-octyl group, an n-nonyl group, an isononyl group, a sec-nonyl group, a tert-nonyl group, an n-decyl group, an isodecyl group, a sec-decyl group, a tert-decyl group, a methoxy group, an ethoxy group, a propoxy group, a butoxy group, a pentoxy group, a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a cycloheptyl group, a cyclooctyl group, an adamantanyl group, a norbornanyl group, a norbornenyl group, a cyclopentenyl group, a cyclohexenyl group, a cycloheptenyl group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a pyridinyl group, and a pyrimidinyl group, each substituted with at least one selected from deuterium, —F, —CD3, —CD2H, —CDH2, —CF3, —CF2H, —CFH2, a cyano group, a nitro group, a C1-C10 alkyl group, a C1-C10 alkoxy group, a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a cycloheptyl group, a cyclooctyl group, an adamantanyl group, a norbornanyl group, a norbornenyl group, a cyclopentenyl group, a cyclohexenyl group, a cycloheptenyl group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a pyridinyl group, and a pyrimidinyl group; and
    • —B(Q6)(Q7) and —P(═O)(Q5)(Q9),
    • wherein Q6 to Q9 are each independently selected from
    • —CH3, —CD3, —CD2H, —CDH2, —CH2CH3, —CH2CD3, —CH2CD2H, —CH2CDH2, —CHDCH3, —CHDCD2H, —CHDCDH2, —CHDCD3, —CD2CD3, —CD2CD2H, and —CD2CDH2;
    • an n-propyl group, an isopropyl group, an n-butyl group, an isobutyl group, a sec-butyl group, a tert-butyl group, an n-pentyl group, an isopentyl group, a sec-pentyl group, a tert-pentyl group, a phenyl group, and a naphthyl group; and an n-propyl group, an isopropyl group, an n-butyl group, an isobutyl group, a sec-butyl group, a tert-butyl group, an n-pentyl group, an isopentyl group, a sec-pentyl group, a tert-pentyl group, a phenyl group, and a naphthyl group, each substituted with at least one selected from deuterium, a C1-C10 alkyl group, and a phenyl.

In some embodiments, in Formulae 2-1 to 2-47,

    • R21 to R30 may be each independently selected from hydrogen, deuterium, —F, a cyano group, a nitro group, —SF5, —CH3, —CD3, —CD2H, —CDH2, —CF3, —CF2H, —CFH2, groups represented by Formulae 9-1 to 9-19, and groups represented by Formulae 10-1 to 10-38, and
    • R1 to R3 may be each independently selected from
    • —CH3, —CD3, —CD2H, —CDH2, —CH2CH3, —CH2CD3, —CH2CD2H, —CH2CDH2, —CHDCH3, —CHDCD2H, —CHDCDH2, —CHDCD3, —CD2CD3, —CD2CD2H, and —CD2CDH2;
    • an n-propyl group, an isopropyl group, an n-butyl group, an isobutyl group, a sec-butyl group, a tert-butyl group, an n-pentyl group, an isopentyl group, a sec-pentyl group a tert-pentyl group, a phenyl group, and —Si(Q1)(Q2)(Q3); and
    • an n-propyl group, an isopropyl group, an n-butyl group, an isobutyl group, a sec-butyl group, a tert-butyl group, an n-pentyl group, an isopentyl group, a sec-pentyl group a tert-pentyl group, and a phenyl group, each substituted with at least one selected from deuterium and a C1-C10 alkyl group,
    • wherein Q1 to Q3 are each independently selected from
    • —CH3, —CD3, —CD2H, —CDH2, —CH2CH3, —CH2CD3, —CH2CD2H, —CH2CDH2, —CHDCH3, —CHDCD2H, —CHDCDH2, —CHDCD3, —CD2CD3, —CD2CD2H, and —CD2CDH2;
    • an n-propyl group, an isopropyl group, an n-butyl group, an isobutyl group, a sec-butyl group, a tert-butyl group, an n-pentyl group, an isopentyl group, a sec-pentyl group, a tert-pentyl group, a phenyl group, and a naphthyl group; and
    • an n-propyl group, an isopropyl group, an n-butyl group, an isobutyl group, a sec-butyl group, a tert-butyl group, an n-pentyl group, an isopentyl group, a sec-pentyl group, a tert-pentyl group, a phenyl group, and a naphthyl group, each substituted with at least one selected from deuterium, a C1-C10 alkyl group, and a phenyl group, but they are not limited thereto.

In some embodiments, L1 in Formula 1 may be selected from ligands represented by Formula 2BA:

In Formula 2BA,

    • descriptions of R1 to R3, R11, and b1 are the same as presented above,
    • b5 may be an integer selected from 1 to 4 (for example, b5 is 1 or 2),
    • descriptions of R12a to R12j are the same as presented in connection with R12, and
    • each of * and *′ indicates a binding site to M in Formula 1.

In some embodiments, L1 in Formula 1 may be selected from ligands represented by Formula 2BA(1):

In Formula 2BA(1),

    • descriptions of R1 to R3, R11, and b1 are the same as described above,
    • descriptions of R12a to R12j are the same as presented in connection with R12, and
    • each of * and *′ indicates a binding site to M in Formula 1.

In some embodiments, L1 in Formula 1 may be selected from ligands represented by Formulas 2BA-1 to 2BA-5, but is not limited thereto:

Descriptions of R1 to R3, R11, and R12 in Formulae 2BA-1 to 2BA-5 are the same as presented above, provided that each of R11 and R12 is not hydrogen and each of * and *′ indicates a binding site to M in Formula 1.

For example, in Formulae 2BA-1 to 2BA-5,

    • R11 and R12 are each independently selected from
    • deuterium, —F, a cyano group, a nitro group, —SF5, a methyl group, an ethyl group, an n-propyl group, an isopropyl group, an n-butyl group, an isobutyl group, a sec-butyl group, a tert-butyl group, an n-pentyl group, an isopentyl group, a sec-pentyl group, a tert-pentyl group, an n-hexyl group, an isohexyl group, a sec-hexyl group, a tert-hexyl group, an n-heptyl group, an isoheptyl group, a sec-heptyl group, a tert-heptyl group, an n-octyl group, an isooctyl group, a sec-octyl group, a tert-octyl group, an n-nonyl group, an isononyl group, a sec-nonyl group, a tert-nonyl group, an n-decyl group, an isodecyl group, a sec-decyl group, a tert-decyl group, a methoxy group, an ethoxy group, a propoxy group, a butoxy group, a pentoxy group, a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a cycloheptyl group, a cyclooctyl group, an adamantanyl group, a norbornanyl group, a norbornenyl group, a cyclopentenyl group, a cyclohexenyl group, a cycloheptenyl group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a pyridinyl group, and a pyrimidinyl group;
    • a methyl group, an ethyl group, an n-propyl group, an isopropyl group, an n-butyl group, an isobutyl group, a sec-butyl group, a tert-butyl group, an n-pentyl group, an isopentyl group, a sec-pentyl group, a tert-pentyl group, an n-hexyl group, an isohexyl group, a sec-hexyl group, a tert-hexyl group, an n-heptyl group, an isoheptyl group, a sec-heptyl group, a tert-heptyl group, an n-octyl group, an isooctyl group, a sec-octyl group, a tert-octyl group, an n-nonyl group, an isononyl group, a sec-nonyl group, a tert-nonyl group, an n-decyl group, an isodecyl group, a sec-decyl group, a tert-decyl group, a methoxy group, an ethoxy group, a propoxy group, a butoxy group, a pentoxy group, a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a cycloheptyl group, a cyclooctyl group, an adamantanyl group, a norbornanyl group, a norbornenyl group, a cyclopentenyl group, a cyclohexenyl group, a cycloheptenyl group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a pyridinyl group, and a pyrimidinyl group, each substituted with at least one selected from deuterium, —F, —CD3, —CD2H, —CDH2, —CF3, —CF2H, —CFH2, a cyano group, a nitro group, a C1-C10 alkyl group, a C1-C10 alkoxy group, a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a cycloheptyl group, a cyclooctyl group, an adamantanyl group, a norbornanyl group, a norbornenyl group, a cyclopentenyl group, a cyclohexenyl group, a cycloheptenyl group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a pyridinyl group, and a pyrimidinyl group; and
    • —B(Q6)(Q7) and —P(═O)(Q8)(Q9),
    • Q6 to Q9 may be each independently selected from
    • —CH3, —CD3, —CD2H, —CDH2, —CH2CH3, —CH2CD3, —CH2CD2H, —CH2CDH2, —CHDCH3, —CHDCD2H, —CHDCDH2, —CHDCD3, —CD2CD3, —CD2CD2H, and —CD2CDH2;
    • an n-propyl group, an isopropyl group, an n-butyl group, an isobutyl group, a sec-butyl group, a tert-butyl group, an n-pentyl group, an isopentyl group, a sec-pentyl group, a tert-pentyl group, a phenyl group, and a naphthyl group; and
    • an n-propyl group, an isopropyl group, an n-butyl group, an isobutyl group, a sec-butyl group, a tert-butyl group, an n-pentyl group, an isopentyl group, a sec-pentyl group, a tert-pentyl group, a phenyl group, and a naphthyl group, each substituted with at least one selected from deuterium, a C1-C10 alkyl group, and a phenyl group,
    • R1 to R3 may be each independently selected from
    • —CH3, —CD3, —CD2H, —CDH2, —CH2CH3, —CH2CD3, —CH2CD2H, —CH2CDH2, —CHDCH3, —CHDCD2H, —CHDCDH2, —CHDCD3, —CD2CD3, —CD2CD2H, and —CD2CDH2;
    • an n-propyl group, an isopropyl group, an n-butyl group, an isobutyl group, a sec-butyl group, a tert-butyl group, an n-pentyl group, an isopentyl group, a sec-pentyl group, a tert-pentyl group, a phenyl group, and a naphthyl group; and an n-propyl group, an isopropyl group, an n-butyl group, an isobutyl group, a sec-butyl group, a tert-butyl group, an n-pentyl group, an isopentyl group, a sec-pentyl group, a tert-pentyl group, a phenyl group, and a naphthyl group, each substituted with at least one selected from deuterium, a C1-C10 alkyl group, and a phenyl group, and
    • each of * and *′ indicates a binding site to M in Formula 1.

L2 in Formula 1 may be selected from ligands represented by Formulae 3A to 3G:

In Formulae 3A to 3G,

Y11 to Y16 may be each independently carbon (C) or nitrogen (N), Y11 and Y12 may be connected to each other via a single bond or a double bond, Y13 and Y14 may be connected to each other via a single bond or a double bond, Y15 and Y16 may be connected to each other via a single bond or a double bond,

CY3 to CY5 may be each independently selected from a C5-C60 carbocyclic group, and a C2-C60 heterocyclic group,

    • a1 to a3 may be each independently an integer selected from 1 to 5,
    • A1 is P or As,
    • X11a, X11b, X12a, X12b, X13a, and X13b may be each independently selected from N, O, N(R34), P(R35)(R36), and As(R37)(R38) (provided that X12a, X12b, X13a, and X13b are neither N nor O),
    • R33″ and R34″ may be each independently selected from a single bond, a double bond, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C5 alkylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C2-C5 alkenylene group, and a substituted or unsubstituted C6-C10 arylene group,
    • Z1 to Z3, R31, R32a, R32b, R32c, R33a, R33b, R34 to R38, R35a, R35b, R35c, and R35d may be each independently selected from hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid or a salt thereof, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C60 alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C2-C60 alkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C2-C60 alkynyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C60 alkoxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C3-C10 cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C10 heterocycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C3-C10 cycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C10 heterocycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C6-C60 aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C6-C60 aryloxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C6-C60 arylthio group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C60 heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, —Si(Q1)(Q2)(Q3), —N(Q4)(Q5), —B(Q6)(Q7), and —P(═O)(Q5)(Q9),
    • each of * and *′ indicates a binding site to M in Formula 1, and
    • at least one of substituents of the substituted C1-C5 alkylene group, substituted C2-C5 alkenylene group, substituted C6-C10 arylene group, substituted C1-C60 alkyl group, substituted C2-C60 alkenyl group, substituted C2-C60 alkynyl group, substituted C1-C60 alkoxy group, substituted C3-C10 cycloalkyl group, substituted C1-C10 heterocycloalkyl group, substituted C3-C10 cycloalkenyl group, substituted C1-C10 heterocycloalkenyl group, substituted C6-C60 aryl group, substituted C6-C60 aryloxy group, substituted C6-C60 arylthio group, substituted C1-C60 heteroaryl group, substituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and substituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group may be selected from
    • deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, —CD3, —CD2H, —CDH2, —CF3, —CF2H, —CFH2, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid or a salt thereof, a C1-C60 alkyl group, a C2-C60 alkenyl group, a C2-C60 alkynyl group, and a C1-C60 alkoxy group;
    • a C1-C60 alkyl group, a C2-C60 alkenyl group, a C2-C60 alkynyl group, and a C1-C60 alkoxy group, each substituted with at least one selected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, —CD3, —CD2H, —CDH2, —CF3, —CF2H, —CFH2, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid or a salt thereof, a C3-C10 cycloalkyl group, a C1-C10 heterocycloalkyl group, a C3-C10 cycloalkenyl group, a C1-C10 heterocycloalkenyl group, a C6-C60 aryl group, a C6-C60 aryloxy group, a C6-C60 arylthio group, a C1-C60 heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, —Si(Q11)(Q12)(Q13), —N(Q14)(Q15), —B(Q16)(Q17), and —P(═O)(Q18)(Q19);
    • a C3-C10 cycloalkyl group, a C1-C10 heterocycloalkyl group, a C3-C10 cycloalkenyl group, a C1-C10 heterocycloalkenyl group, a C6-C60 aryl group, a C6-C60 aryloxy group, a C6-C60 arylthio group, a C1-C60 heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group;
    • a C3-C10 cycloalkyl group, a C1-C10 heterocycloalkyl group, a C3-C10 cycloalkenyl group, a C1-C10 heterocycloalkenyl group, a C6-C60 aryl group, a C6-C60 aryloxy group, a C6-C60 arylthio group, a C1-C60 heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, each substituted with at least one selected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, —CD3, —CD2H, —CDH2, —CF3, —CF2H, —CFH2, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid or a salt thereof, a C1-C60 alkyl group, a C2-C60 alkenyl group, a C2-C60 alkynyl group, a C1-C60 alkoxy group, a C3-C10 cycloalkyl group, a C1-C10 heterocycloalkyl group, a C3-C10 cycloalkenyl group, a C1-C10 heterocycloalkenyl group, a C6-C60 aryl group, a C6-C60 aryloxy group, a C6-C60 arylthio group, a C1-C60 heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, —Si(Q21)(Q22)(Q23), —N(Q24)(Q25), —B(Q26)(Q27), and —P(═O)(Q25)(Q29); and
    • —Si(Q31)(Q32)(Q33), —N(Q34)(Q35), —B(Q36)(Q37), and —P(═O)(Q38)(Q39),
    • wherein Q1 to Q9, Q11 to Q19, Q21 to Q29, and Q31 to Q39 are each independently selected from hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid or a salt thereof, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C60 alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C2-C60 alkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C2-C60 alkynyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C60 alkoxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C3-C10 cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C10 heterocycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C3-C10 cycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C10 heterocycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C6-C60 aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C6-C60 aryloxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C6-C60 arylthio group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C60 heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group.

CY3 to CY5 in Formulae 3A and 3B may be each independently selected from a cyclopentadiene, a benzene, an indene, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene, a naphthalene, an azulene, a heptalene, an indacene, an acenaphthylene, a fluorene, a spiro-bifluorene, a benzofluorene, a dibenzofluorene, a phenalene, a phenanthrene, an anthracene, a fluoranthene, a triphenylene, a pyrene, a chrysene, a naphthacene, a picene, a perylene, a pentacene, a hexacene, a rubicene, a coronene, an ovalene, a pyrrole, an isoindole, an indole, an indazole, a pyrazole, an imidazole, a triazole, an oxazole, an isoxazole, an oxadiazole, a thiazole, an isothiazole, a thiadiazole, a purine, a pyridine, a pyrimidine, a pyrazine, a pyridazine, a triazine, a 5,6,7,8-tetrahydroquinoline, a 5,6,7,8-tetrahydroisoquinoline, a quinoline, an isoquinoline, a benzoquinoline, a phthalazine, a naphthyridine, a quinoxaline, a quinazoline, a cinnoline, a phenanthridine, an acridine, a phenanthroline, a phenazine, a benzoimidazole, a benzofuran, a benzothiophene, an isobenzothiazole, a benzoxazole, an isobenzoxazole, a benzocarbazole, a dibenzocarbazole, an imidazopyridine, an imidazopyrimidine, a dibenzofuran, a dibenzothiophene, a dibenzothiophene sulfone, a carbazole, a dibenzosilole, a benzofuropyridine, and a benzothienopyridine.

In an embodiment, L2 in Formula 1 may be selected from ligands represented by Formula 3A, 3B, and 3F,

    • Y11 in Formula 3A may be nitrogen,
    • Y12 to Y14 in Formula 3A may be carbon,
    • CY3 in Formula 3A may be selected from a pyridine, a 5,6,7,8-tetrahydroquinoline, a 5,6,7,8-tetrahydroisoquinoline, a quinoline, and an isoquinoline,
    • CY4 in Formula 3A may be selected from a benzene, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene, a naphthalene, a fluorene, a dibenzofuran, a dibenzothiophene, a benzofuropyridine, and a benzothienopyridine,
    • Y15 in Formula 3B may be carbon,
    • Y16 in Formula 3B may be nitrogen,
    • CY5 in Formula 3B may be a pyridine or a pyrimidine,
    • Z1 to Z3 in Formulae 3A and 3B may be each independently selected from
    • a hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid or a salt thereof, —SF5, a C1-C20 alkyl group, and a C1-C20 alkoxy group;
    • a C1-C20 alkyl group and a C1-C20 alkoxy group, each substituted with at least one selected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, —CD3, —CD2H, —CDH2, —CF3, —CF2H, —CFH2, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid or a salt thereof, a C1-C10 alkyl group, a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a cycloheptyl group, a cyclooctyl group, an adamantanyl group, a norbornanyl group, a norbornenyl group, a cyclopentenyl group, a cyclohexenyl group, a cycloheptenyl group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a pyridinyl group, and a pyrimidinyl group;
    • a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a cycloheptyl group, a cyclooctyl group, an adamantanyl group, a norbornanyl group, a norbornenyl group, a cyclopentenyl group, a cyclohexenyl group, a cycloheptenyl group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyrrolyl group, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group, an imidazolyl group, a pyrazolyl group, a thiazolyl group, an isothiazolyl group, an oxazolyl group, an isoxazolyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, an isoindolyl group, an indolyl group, an indazolyl group, a purinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, a benzoimidazolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, an isobenzothiazolyl group, a benzoxazolyl group, an isobenzoxazolyl group, a triazolyl group, a tetrazolyl group, an oxadiazolyl group, a triazinyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a benzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, an imidazopyridinyl group, and an imidazopyrimidinyl group;
    • a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a cycloheptyl group, a cyclooctyl group, an adamantanyl group, a norbornanyl group, a norbornenyl group, a cyclopentenyl group, a cyclohexenyl group, a cycloheptenyl group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyrrolyl group, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group, an imidazolyl group, a pyrazolyl group, a thiazolyl group, an isothiazolyl group, an oxazolyl group, an isoxazolyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, an isoindolyl group, an indolyl group, an indazolyl group, a purinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, a benzoimidazolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, an isobenzothiazolyl group, a benzoxazolyl group, an isobenzoxazolyl group, a triazolyl group, a tetrazolyl group, an oxadiazolyl group, a triazinyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a benzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, an imidazopyridinyl group, and an imidazopyrimidinyl group, each substituted with at least one selected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, —CD3, —CD2H, —CDH2, —CF3, —CF2H, —CFH2, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid or a salt thereof, a C1-C20 alkyl group, a C1-C20 alkoxy group, a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a cycloheptyl group, a cyclooctyl group, an adamantanyl group, a norbornanyl group, a norbornenyl group, a cyclopentenyl group, a cyclohexenyl group, a cycloheptenyl group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyrrolyl group, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group, an imidazolyl group, a pyrazolyl group, a thiazolyl group, an isothiazolyl group, an oxazolyl group, an isoxazolyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, an isoindolyl group, an indolyl group, an indazolyl group, a purinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, a benzoimidazolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, an isobenzothiazolyl group, a benzoxazolyl group, an isobenzoxazolyl group, a triazolyl group, a tetrazolyl group, an oxadiazolyl group, a triazinyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a benzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, an imidazopyridinyl group, and an imidazopyrimidinyl group; and
    • —Si(Q1)(Q2)(Q3), —N(Q4)(Q5), —B(Q6)(Q7), and —P(═O)(Q8)(Q9),
    • a1 to a3 may be each independently an integer selected from 0 to 4,
    • from among groups Z1 in the number of a1, groups Z2 in the number of a2, and groups Z3 in the number of a3, two or more neighboring substituents may be optionally bonded to form a C5-C30 carbocyclic group or a C2-C30 heterocyclic group, and
    • Q1 to Q9 may be each independently selected from
    • —CH3, —CD3, —CD2H, —CDH2, —CH2CH3, —CH2CD3, —CH2CD2H, —CH2CDH2, —CHDCH3, —CHDCD2H, —CHDCDH2, —CHDCD3, —CD2CD3, —CD2CD2H, and —CD2CDH2;
    • an n-propyl group, an isopropyl group, an n-butyl group, an isobutyl group, a sec-butyl group, a tert-butyl group, an n-pentyl group, an isopentyl group, a sec-pentyl group, a tert-pentyl group, a phenyl group, and a naphthyl group; and
    • an n-propyl group, an isopropyl group, an n-butyl group, an isobutyl group, a sec-butyl group, a tert-butyl group, an n-pentyl group, an isopentyl group, a sec-pentyl group, a tert-pentyl group, a phenyl group, and a naphthyl group, each substituted with at least one selected from a deuterium and a C1-C10 alkyl group;
    • X12a and X12b in Formula 3F may be 0, and
    • R34″ in Formula 3F may be selected from
    • a C2-C5 alkenylene group; and
    • a C2-C5 alkenylene group, substituted with at least one selected from deuterium, a C1-C10 alkyl group, a C1-C10 alkoxy group, and a phenyl group, but they are not limited thereto.

In some embodiments, L2 in Formula 1 may be selected from ligands represented by Formulae 3-1 to 3-111:

In Formulae 3-1 to 3-111,

    • Z1, Z2, Z1a, Z1b, Z2a, Z2b, Z2c, R34a, R34b, and R34c may be each independently selected from
    • a hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid or a salt thereof, —SF5, C1-C20 alkyl group, and a C1-C20 alkoxy group;
    • a C1-C20 alkyl group and a C1-C20 alkoxy group, each substituted with at least one selected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, —CD3, —CD2H, —CDH2, —CF3, —CF2H, —CFH2, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid or a salt thereof, a C1-C10 alkyl group, a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a cycloheptyl group, a cyclooctyl group, an adamantanyl group, a norbornanyl group, a norbornenyl group, a cyclopentenyl group, a cyclohexenyl group, a cycloheptenyl group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a pyridinyl group, and a pyrimidinyl group;
    • a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a cycloheptyl group, a cyclooctyl group, an adamantanyl group, a norbornanyl group, a norbornenyl group, a cyclopentenyl group, a cyclohexenyl group, a cycloheptenyl group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyrrolyl group, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group, an imidazolyl group, a pyrazolyl group, a thiazolyl group, an isothiazolyl group, an oxazolyl group, an isoxazolyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, an isoindolyl group, an indolyl group, an indazolyl group, a purinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, a benzoimidazolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, an isobenzothiazolyl group, a benzoxazolyl group, an isobenzoxazolyl group, a triazolyl group, a tetrazolyl group, an oxadiazolyl group, a triazinyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a benzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, an imidazopyridinyl group, and an imidazopyrimidinyl group;
    • a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a cycloheptyl group, a cyclooctyl group, an adamantanyl group, a norbornanyl group, a norbornenyl group, a cyclopentenyl group, a cyclohexenyl group, a cycloheptenyl group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyrrolyl group, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group, an imidazolyl group, a pyrazolyl group, a thiazolyl group, an isothiazolyl group, an oxazolyl group, an isoxazolyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, an isoindolyl group, an indolyl group, an indazolyl group, a purinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, a benzoimidazolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, an isobenzothiazolyl group, a benzoxazolyl group, an isobenzoxazolyl group, a triazolyl group, a tetrazolyl group, an oxadiazolyl group, a triazinyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a benzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, an imidazopyridinyl group, and an imidazopyrimidinyl group, each substituted with at least one selected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, —CD3, —CD2H, —CDH2, —CF3, —CF2H, —CFH2, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid or a salt thereof, a C1-C20 alkyl group, a C1-C20 alkoxy group, a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a cycloheptyl group, a cyclooctyl group, an adamantanyl group, a norbornanyl group, a norbornenyl group, a cyclopentenyl group, a cyclohexenyl group, a cycloheptenyl group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyrrolyl group, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group, an imidazolyl group, a pyrazolyl group, a thiazolyl group, an isothiazolyl group, an oxazolyl group, an isoxazolyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, an isoindolyl group, an indolyl group, an indazolyl group, a purinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, a benzoimidazolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, an isobenzothiazolyl group, a benzoxazolyl group, an isobenzoxazolyl group, a triazolyl group, a tetrazolyl group, an oxadiazolyl group, a triazinyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a benzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, an imidazopyridinyl group, and an imidazopyrimidinyl group; and
    • —Si(Q1)(Q2)(Q3), —N(Q4)(Q5), —B(Q6)(Q7), and —P(═O)(Q8)(Q9),
    • from among Z1, Z2, Z1a, Z1b, Z2a, Z2b, Z2c, R34a, R34b, and R34c, two or more neighboring substituents may be optionally bonded to form a C5-C30 carbocyclic group or a C2-C30 heterocyclic group,
    • Q1 to Q9 may be each independently selected from
    • —CH3, —CD3, —CD2H, —CDH2, —CH2CH3, —CH2CD3, —CH2CD2H, —CH2CDH2, —CHDCH3, —CHDCD2H, —CHDCDH2, —CHDCD3, —CD2CD3, —CD2CD2H, and —CD2CDH2;
    • an n-propyl group, an isopropyl group, an n-butyl group, an isobutyl group, a sec-butyl group, a tert-butyl group, an n-pentyl group, an isopentyl group, a sec-pentyl group, a tert-pentyl group, a phenyl group, and a naphthyl group; and
    • an n-propyl group, an isopropyl group, an n-butyl group, an isobutyl group, a sec-butyl group, a tert-butyl group, an n-pentyl group, an isopentyl group, a sec-pentyl group, a tert-pentyl group, a phenyl group, and a naphthyl group, each substituted with at least one selected from a deuterium, and a C1-C10 alkyl group;
    • aa2 and ab2 may be each independently 1 or 2,
    • aa3 and ab3 may be each independently an integer selected from 1 to 3,
    • aa4 and ab4 may be each independently an integer selected from 1 to 4, and
    • each of * and *′ indicates a binding site to M in Formula 1.

In some embodiments, L2 in Formula 1 may be selected from ligands represented by Formulae 3-1(1) to 3-1(60), 3-1(61) to 3-1(69), 3-1(71) to 3-1(79), 3-1(81) to 3-1(88), 3-1(91) to 3-1(98), 3-111, and 3-112:

In Formulae 3-1(1) to 3-1(60), 3-1(61) to 3-1(69), 3-1(71) to 3-1(79), 3-1(81) to 3-1(88), 3-1(91) to 3-1(98), 3-111, and 3-112,

    • Z1, Z2, Z1a, Z1b, Z1c, Z1d, Z2a, Z2b, Z2c, Z2d, R34a, R34b, and R34c may be each independently selected from deuterium, —F, a cyano group, a nitro group, —SF5, —CH3, —CD3, —CD2H, —CDH2, —CF3, —CF2H, —CFH2, —Si(Q1)(Q2)(Q3), —N(Q4)(Q5), —B(Q6)(Q7), —P(═O)(Q8)(Q9), groups represented by Formulae 9-1 to 9-19, and groups represented by Formulae 10-1 to 10-38,
    • X1 may be O, S, C(Z21)(Z22), or N(Z23),
    • Z3, Z11 to Z13, and Z21 to Z23 may be each independently selected from hydrogen, deuterium, —F, a cyano group, a nitro group, —SF5, —CH3, —CD3, —CD2H, —CDH2, —CF3, —CF2H, —CFH2, —Si(Q1)(Q2)(Q3), —N(Q4)(Q5), —B(Q6)(Q7), —P(═O)(Q8)(Q9), groups represented by Formulae 9-1 to 9-19, and groups represented by Formulae 10-1 to 10-38,
    • Q1 to Q9 may be each independently selected from
    • —CH3, —CD3, —CD2H, —CDH2, —CH2CH3, —CH2CD3, —CH2CD2H, —CH2CDH2, —CHDCH3, —CHDCD2H, —CHDCDH2, —CHDCD3, —CD2CD3, —CD2CD2H, and —CD2CDH2;
    • an n-propyl group, an isopropyl group, an n-butyl group, an isobutyl group, a sec-butyl group, a tert-butyl group, an n-pentyl group, an isopentyl group, a sec-pentyl group, a tert-pentyl group, a phenyl group, and a naphthyl group; and
    • an n-propyl group, an isopropyl group, an n-butyl group, an isobutyl group, a sec-butyl group, a tert-butyl group, an n-pentyl group, an isopentyl group, a sec-pentyl group, a tert-pentyl group, a phenyl group, and a naphthyl group, each substituted with at least one selected from a deuterium and a C1-C10 alkyl group,
    • d2 and e2 may be each independently 0 or 2,
    • e3 may be an integer selected from 0 to 3,
    • d4 and e4 may be each independently an integer selected from 0 to 4,
    • d6 and e6 may be each independently an integer selected from 0 to 6,
    • d8 and e8 may be each independently an integer selected from 0 to 8, and
    • each of * and *′ indicates a binding site to M in Formula 1.

In an embodiment, L1 in Formula 1 may be selected from ligands represented by Formula 2(1) (for example, a ligand represented by Formula 2BA), and L2 in Formula 1 may be selected from ligands represented by Formulae 3-1(1) to 3-1(60), 3-1(61) to 3-1(69), 3-1(71) to 3-1(79), 3-1(81) to 3-1(88), 3-1(91) to 3-1(98), 3-111, and 3-112.

In some embodiments, L1 in Formula 1 may be selected from ligands represented by Formulae 2-1 to 2-47, and L2 in Formula 1 may be selected from ligands represented by Formulae 3-1(1) to 3-1(60), 3-1(61) to 3-1(69), 3-1(71) to 3-1(79), 3-1(81) to 3-1(88), 3-1(91) to 3-1(98), 3-111, and 3-112, but they are not limited thereto.

In some embodiments, L1 in Formula 1 may be selected from ligands represented by Formulae 2BA-1 to 2BA-5, and L2 in Formula 1 may be selected from ligands represented by Formulae 3-1(1) to 3-1(60), 3-1(61) to 3-1(69), 3-1(71) to 3-1(79), 3-1(81) to 3-1(88), 3-1(91) to 3-1(98), 3-111, and 3-112, but they are not limited thereto.

The organometallic compound represented by Formula 1 may be selected from Compounds 1 to 288, but is not limited thereto:

Regarding the organometallic compound represented by Formula 1, L1 is represented by Formula 2, and CY1 in Formula 2 is a C1-C18 condensed cyclic ring i) in which two to four unsaturated 6-membered rings are condensed to each other and ii) which optionally has nitrogen (N) as a ring forming atom. Due to this structure, the charge mobility of the organometallic compound represented by Formula 1 may be improved, and accordingly, an electric device, such as an organic light-emitting device, including the organometallic compound, may have long lifespan characteristics.

In addition, since the sum of b5 and b6 in Formula 2 is 1 or greater, a ligand represented by Formula 2 has at least one silyl group. In some embodiments, b5 may be 1, 2, or 3. Accordingly, a pyridine ring in the ligand represented by Formula 2 may have at least one silyl group. Due to this structure, a device, such as an organic light-emitting device, including the organometallic compound, may have high efficiency and a long lifespan.

For example, the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO), lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO), and triplet (T1) energy levels of some of these organometallic compounds are evaluated by using a DFT (Density Function Theory) method of a Gaussian program (structurally optimized at a level of B3LYP, 6-31G (d,p)). Evaluation results are shown in Table 1.

TABLE 1 Compound No. HOMO (eV) LUMO (eV) T1 energy level (eV) 1 −4.834 −1.438 2.450 2 −4.809 −1.431 2.446 3 −4.805 −1.391 2.475 4 −4.818 −1.490 2.421 28 −4.827 −1.494 2.437 52 −4.764 −1.459 2.407 76 −4.747 −1.442 2.406 97 −4.782 −1.398 2.445 124 −4.777 −1.473 2.410 145 −4.792 −1.413 2.445 147 −4.766 −1.373 2.467 149 −4.791 −1.432 2.439 150 −4.762 −1.434 2.422 151 −4.789 −1.426 2.441 152 −4.771 −1.429 2.429 153 −4.794 −1.432 2.445 154 −4.771 −1.438 2.428 155 −4.800 −1.445 2.438 160 −4.764 −1.435 2.423 163 −4.786 −1.462 2.402 164 −4.787 −1.444 2.420 165 −4.796 −1.468 2.409 166 −4.792 −1.490 2.381

Referring to Table 1, the organometallic compound represented by Formula 1 has such electric characteristics that are suitable for use as a material for an electric device, for example, as a material for an organic light-emitting device (for example, a dopant).

Methods of synthesizing the organometallic compound represented by Formula 1 may be easily recognizable by one of ordinary skill in the art by referring to the following Synthesis Examples.

Since the organometallic compound represented by Formula 1 is suitable for an organic layer of an organic light-emitting device, for example, a dopant of an emission layer of the organic layer, another aspect provides an organic light-emitting device including:

    • a first electrode;
    • a second electrode; and
    • an organic layer that is disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode,
    • wherein the organic layer includes an emission layer and at least one organometallic compound represented by Formula 1.

Due to the inclusion of the organic layer including the organometallic compound represented by Formula 1, the organic light-emitting device may have a low driving voltage, high efficiency, and a long lifespan.

The organometallic compound represented by Formula 1 may be used between a pair of electrodes of an organic light-emitting device. For example, the organometallic compound represented by Formula 1 may be included in the emission layer. In this regard, the organometallic compound may act as a dopant and the emission layer may further include a host (that is, the amount of the organometallic compound represented by Formula 1 is smaller than that of the host).

The expression that “(an organic layer) includes at least one of the organometallic compounds” as used herein may include an embodiment in which “(an organic layer) includes identical organometallic compounds represented by Formula 1 and an embodiment in which (an organic layer) includes two or more different organometallic compounds represented by Formula 1.

For example, the organic layer may include, as the organometallic compound, only Compound 1. In this regard, Compound 1 may be included in an emission layer of the organic light-emitting device. In some embodiments, the organic layer may include, as the organometallic compound, Compound 1 and Compound 2. In this regard, Compound 1 and Compound 2 may be included in the same layer (for example, Compound 1 and Compound 2 both may be included in an emission layer).

The first electrode may be an anode, which is a hole injection electrode, and the second electrode may be a cathode, which is an electron injection electrode; or the first electrode may be a cathode, which is an electron injection electrode, and the second electrode may be an anode, which is a hole injection electrode.

For example, the first electrode may be an anode, the second electrode may be a cathode, and the organic layer may include a hole transport region disposed between the first electrode and the emission layer and an electron transport region disposed between the emission layer and the second electrode, wherein the hole transport region includes at least one selected from a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, and an electron blocking layer, and wherein the electron transport region includes at least one selected from a hole blocking layer, an electron transport layer, and an electron injection layer.

The term “organic layer” as used herein refers to a single layer and/or a plurality of layers between the first electrode and the second electrode of the organic light-emitting device. The “organic layer” may include, in addition to an organic compound, an organometallic complex including metal.

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an organic light-emitting device 10 according to an embodiment. Hereinafter, the structure of an organic light-emitting device according to an embodiment and a method of manufacturing an organic light-emitting device, according to an embodiment, will be described in connection with FIG. 1. The organic light-emitting device 10 includes a first electrode 11, an organic layer 15, and a second electrode 19, which are sequentially stacked on each other in this order.

A substrate may be additionally disposed under the first electrode 11 or above the second electrode 19. As the substrate, any substrate that is used in general organic light-emitting devices may be used, and the substrate may be a glass substrate or transparent plastic substrate, each with excellent mechanical strength, thermal stability, transparency, surface smoothness, ease of handling, and water-resistance.

The first electrode 11 may be formed by depositing or sputtering a material for forming the first electrode 11 on the substrate. The first electrode 11 may be an anode. The material for the first electrode 11 may be selected from materials with a high work function to allow holes be easily provided. The first electrode 11 may be a reflective electrode or a transmissive electrode. The material for the first electrode 11 may be, for example, indium tin oxide (ITO), indium zinc oxide (IZO), tin oxide (SnO2), and zinc oxide (ZnO). In some embodiments, magnesium (Mg), aluminum (Al), aluminum-lithium (Al—Li), calcium (Ca), magnesium-indium (Mg—In), or magnesium-silver (Mg—Ag) may be used as the material for the first electrode 11.

The first electrode 11 may have a single-layer structure or a multi-layer structure including two or more layers. For example, the first electrode 11 may have a three-layered structure of ITO/Ag/ITO, but the structure of the first electrode 110 is not limited thereto.

The organic layer 15 is disposed on the first electrode 11.

The organic layer 15 may include a hole transport region, an emission layer, and an electron transport region.

The hole transport region may be disposed between the first electrode 11 and the emission layer.

The hole transport region may include at least one selected from a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, an electron blocking layer, and a buffer layer.

The hole transport region may include only either a hole injection layer or a hole transport layer. In some embodiments, the hole transport region may have a structure of hole injection layer/hole transport layer or hole injection layer/hole transport layer/electron blocking layer, which are sequentially stacked in this stated order from the first electrode 11.

A hole injection layer may be formed on the first electrode 11 by using one or more methods, such as vacuum deposition, spin coating, casting, or Langmuir-Blodgett (LB).

When a hole injection layer is formed by vacuum deposition, the deposition conditions may vary according to a material that is used to form the hole injection layer, and the structure and thermal characteristics of the hole injection layer. For example, the deposition conditions may include a deposition temperature of about 100 to about 500° C., a vacuum pressure of about 10−8 to about 10−3 torr, and a deposition rate of about 0.01 to about 100 Angstroms per second (A /sec). However, the deposition conditions are not limited thereto.

When the hole injection layer is formed using spin coating, coating conditions may vary according to the material used to form the hole injection layer, and the structure and thermal properties of the hole injection layer. For example, a coating speed may be from about 2,000 revolutions per minute (rpm) to about 5,000 rpm, and a temperature at which a heat treatment is performed to remove a solvent after coating may be from about 80° C. to about 200° C. However, the coating conditions are not limited thereto.

Conditions for a hole transport layer and an electron blocking layer may be understood by referring to conditions for forming the hole injection layer.

The hole transport region may include at least one selected from m-MTDATA, TDATA, 2-TNATA, NPB, β-NPB, TPD, Spiro-TPD, Spiro-NPB, methylated NPB, TAPC, HMTPD, 4,4′,4″-tris(N-carbazolyl)triphenylamine (TCTA), polyaniline/dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid (Pani/DBSA), poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)/poly(4-styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT/PSS), polyaniline/camphor sulfonic acid (PANI/CSA), (polyaniline)/poly(4-styrenesulfonate) (Pani/PSS), a compound represented by Formula 201 below, and a compound represented by Formula 202 below:

Ar101 and Ar102 in Formula 201 may be each independently selected from

    • a phenylene group, a pentalenylene group, an indenylene group, a naphthylene group, an azulenylene group, a heptalenylene group, an acenaphthylene group, a fluorenylene group, a phenalenylene group, a phenanthrenylene group, an anthracenylene group, a fluoranthenylene group, a triphenylenylene group, a pyrenylene group, a chrysenylenylene group, a naphthacenylene group, a picenylene group, a perylenylene group, and a pentacenylene group; and
    • a phenylene group, a pentalenylene group, an indenylene group, a naphthylene group, an azulenylene group, a heptalenylene group, an acenaphthylene group, a fluorenylene group, a phenalenylene group, a phenanthrenylene group, an anthracenylene group, a fluoranthenylene group, a triphenylenylene group, a pyrenylene group, a chrysenylenylene group, a naphthacenylene group, a picenylene group, a perylenylene group, and a pentacenylene group, each substituted with at least one selected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C1-C60 alkyl group, a C2-C60 alkenyl group, a C2-C60 alkynyl group, a Cr C60 alkoxy group, a C3-C10 cycloalkyl group, a C3-C10 cycloalkenyl group, a C1-C10 heterocycloalkyl group, a C1-C10 heterocycloalkenyl group, a C6-C60 aryl group, a C6-C60 aryloxy group, a C6-C60 arylthio group, a C1-C60 heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group.

In Formula 201, xa and xb may be each independently an integer of 0 to 5, or 0, 1, or 2. For example, xa is 1 and xb is 0, but xa and xb are not limited thereto.

R101 to R108, R111 to R119, and R121 to R124 in Formulae 201 and 202 may be each independently selected from

hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C1-C10 alkyl group (for example, a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, a butyl group, a pentyl group, a hexyl group, and so on), and a C1-C10 alkoxy group (for example, a methoxy group, an ethoxy group, a propoxy group, a butoxy group, a pentoxy group, and so on);

a C1-C10 alkyl group or a C1-C10 alkoxy group, each substituted with at least one selected from a deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, and a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof;

a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, an anthracenyl group, a fluorenyl group, and a pyrenyl group; and

a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, and a pyrenyl group, each substituted with at least one selected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C1-C10 alkyl group, or a C1-C10 alkoxy group.

However, they are not limited thereto.

R109 in Formula 201 may be selected from

    • a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, an anthracenyl group, and a pyridinyl group; and
    • a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, an anthracenyl group, and a pyridinyl group, each substituted with at least one selected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid or a salt thereof, a C1-C20 alkyl group, a C1-C20 alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, an anthracenyl group, and a pyridinyl group.

According to an embodiment, the compound represented by Formula 201 may be represented by Formula 201A, but is not limited thereto:

R101, R111, R112, and R109 in Formula 201A may be understood by referring to the description provided herein.

For example, the compound represented by Formula 201 and the compound represented by Formula 202 may include compounds HT1 to HT20 illustrated below, but are not limited thereto.

A thickness of the hole transport region may be in a range of about 100 Angstroms (Å) to about 10,000 Å, for example, about 100 Å to about 1,000 Å.

While not wishing to be bound by a theory, it is understood that when the hole transport region includes a hole injection layer and a hole transport layer, the thickness of the hole injection layer may be in a range of about 100 Å to about 10,000 Å, and for example, about 100 Å to about 1,000 Å, and the thickness of the hole transport layer may be in a range of about 50 Å to about 2,000 Å, and for example, about 100 Å to about 1,500 Å. While not wishing to be bound by a theory, it is understood that when the thicknesses of the hole transport region, the hole injection layer, and the hole transport layer are within these ranges, satisfactory hole transporting characteristics may be obtained without a substantial increase in driving voltage.

The hole transport region may further include, in addition to these materials, a charge-generation material for the improvement of conductive properties. The charge-generation material may be homogeneously or non-homogeneously dispersed in the hole transport region.

The charge-generation material may be, for example, a p-dopant. The p-dopant may be one selected from a quinone derivative, a metal oxide, and a cyano group-containing compound, but embodiments are not limited thereto. Non-limiting examples of the p-dopant are a quinone derivative, such as tetracyanoquinonedimethane (TCNQ) or 2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-tetracyano-1,4-benzoquinonedimethane (F4-TCNQ); a metal oxide, such as a tungsten oxide or a molybdenium oxide; and a cyano group-containing compound, such as Compound HT-D1 below, but are not limited thereto.

The hole transport region may include a buffer layer.

Also, the buffer layer may compensate for an optical resonance distance according to a wavelength of light emitted from the emission layer, and thus, the efficiency of a formed organic light-emitting device may be improved.

Then, an emission layer may be formed on the hole transport region by vacuum deposition, spin coating, casting, LB deposition, or the like. When the emission layer is formed by vacuum deposition or spin coating, the deposition or coating conditions may be similar to those applied to form the hole injection layer although the deposition or coating conditions may vary according to the material that is used to form the emission layer.

Meanwhile, when the hole transport region includes an electron blocking layer, a material for the electron blocking layer may be selected from materials for the hole transport region described above and materials for a host to be explained later. However, the material for the electron blocking layer is not limited thereto. For example, when the hole transport region includes an electron blocking layer, a material for the electron blocking layer may be mCP, which will be explained below.

The emission layer may include a host and a dopant, and the dopant may include the organometallic compound represented by Formula 1.

The host may include at least one selected from TPBi, TBADN, ADN (also referred to as “DNA”), CBP, CDBP, TCP, mCP, Compound HSO, and Compound H51:

In some embodiments, the host may further include a compound represented by Formula 301 below.

Ar111 and Ar112 in Formula 301 may be each independently selected from

    • a phenylene group, a naphthylene group, a phenanthrenylene group, and a pyrenylene group; and
    • a phenylene group, a naphthylene group, a phenanthrenylene group, and a pyrenylene group, each substituted with at least one selected from a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, and an anthracenyl group.

Ar113 to Ar116 in Formula 301 may be each independently selected from

    • a C1-C10 alkyl group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, and a pyrenyl group; and
    • a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, and a pyrenyl group, each substituted with at least one selected from a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, and an anthracenyl group.

g, h, l, and j in Formula 301 may be each independently an integer of 0 to 4, for example, an integer of 0, 1, or 2.

Ar113 to Ar116 in Formula 301 may be each independently selected from

    • a C1-C10 alkyl group, substituted with at least one selected from a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, and an anthracenyl group;
    • a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, an anthracenyl group, a pyrenyl, a phenanthrenyl group, and a fluorenyl group;
    • a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, an anthracenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, and a fluorenyl group, each substituted with at least one selected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C1-C60 alkyl group, a C2-C60 alkenyl group, a C2-C60 alkynyl group, a C1-C60 alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, an anthracenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, and a fluorenyl group; and

However, they are not limited thereto.

In some embodiments, the host may include a compound represented by Formula 302 below:

Ar122 to Ar125 in Formula 302 are the same as described in detail in connection with Ar113 in Formula 301.

Ar126 and Ar127 in Formula 302 may be each independently a C1-C10 alkyl group (for example, a methyl group, an ethyl group, or a propyl group).

k and l in Formula 302 may be each independently an integer of 0 to 4. For example, k and l may be 0, 1, or 2.

The compound represented by Formula 301 and the compound represented by Formula 302 may include Compounds H1 to H42 illustrated below, but are not limited thereto.

When the organic light-emitting device is a full color organic light-emitting device, the emission layer may be patterned into a red emission layer, a green emission layer, and a blue emission layer. In some embodiments, due to a stack structure including a red emission layer, a green emission layer, and/or a blue emission layer, the emission layer may emit white light.

When the emission layer includes a host and a dopant, the amount of the dopant may be in a range of about 0.01 to about 15 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the host, but is not limited thereto.

A thickness of the emission layer may be in a range of about 100 Å to about 1,000 Å, for example, about 200 Å to about 600 Å. While not wishing to be bound by a theory, it is understood that when the thickness of the emission layer is within this range, excellent light-emission characteristics may be obtained without a substantial increase in driving voltage.

Then, an electron transport region may be disposed on the emission layer.

The electron transport region may include at least one selected from a hole blocking layer, an electron transport layer, and an electron injection layer.

For example, the electron transport region may have a structure of hole blocking layer/electron transport layer/electron injection layer or a structure of electron transport layer/electron injection layer, but the structure of the electron transport region is not limited thereto. The electron transport layer may have a single-layered structure or a multi-layer structure including two or more different materials.

Conditions for forming the hole blocking layer, the electron transport layer, and the electron injection layer which constitute the electron transport region may be understood by referring to the conditions for forming the hole injection layer.

When the electron transport layer includes a hole blocking layer, the hole blocking layer may include, for example, at least one of BCP, Bphen, and Balq. However, materials included in the hole blocking layer are limited thereto.

A thickness of the hole blocking layer may be in a range of about 20 Å to about 1,000 Å, for example, about 30 Å to about 300 Å. While not wishing to be bound by a theory, it is understood that when the thickness of the hole blocking layer is within these ranges, the hole blocking layer may have improved hole blocking ability without a substantial increase in driving voltage.

The electron transport layer may further include at least one selected from BCP, Bphen, Alq3, Balq, TAZ, and NTAZ.

In some embodiments, the electron transport layer may include at least one of ET1 and ET2, but are not limited thereto:

A thickness of the electron transport layer may be in a range of about 100 Å to about 1,000 Å, for example, about 150 Å to about 500 Å. While not wishing to be bound by a theory, it is understood that when the thickness of the electron transport layer is within the range described above, the electron transport layer may have satisfactory electron transport characteristics without a substantial increase in driving voltage.

Also, the electron transport layer may further include, in addition to the materials described above, a metal-containing material.

The metal-containing material may include a Li complex. The Li complex may include, for example, Compound ET-D1 (lithium quinolate, LiQ) or ET-D2.

The electron transport layer may include an electron injection layer (EIL) that promotes flow of electrons from the second electrode 19 thereinto.

The electron injection layer may include at least one selected from, LiF, NaCl, CsF, Li2O, BaO, and LiQ.

A thickness of the electron injection layer may be in a range of about 1 Å to about 100 Å, for example, about 3 Å to about 90 Å. While not wishing to be bound by a theory, it is understood that when the thickness of the electron injection layer is within the range described above, the electron injection layer may have satisfactory electron injection characteristics without a substantial increase in driving voltage.

The second electrode 19 is disposed on the organic layer 15. The second electrode 19 may be a cathode. A material for forming the second electrode 19 may be selected from metal, an alloy, an electrically conductive compound, and a combination thereof, which have a relatively low work function. For example, lithium (Li), magnesium (Mg), aluminum (Al), aluminum-lithium (Al—Li), calcium (Ca), magnesium-indium (Mg—In), or magnesium-silver (Mg—Ag) may be formed as a material for forming the second electrode 19. In some embodiments, to manufacture a top emission type light-emitting device, a transmissive electrode formed using ITO or IZO may be used as the second electrode 19.

Hereinbefore, the organic light-emitting device has been described with reference to FIG. 1, but is not limited thereto.

A C1-C60 alkyl group as used herein refers to a linear or branched aliphatic hydrocarbon monovalent group having 1 to 60 carbon atoms. Detailed examples thereof are a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, an isobutyl group, a sec-butyl group, a tert-butyl group, a pentyl group, an iso-amyl group, and a hexyl group. A C1-C60 alkylene group as used herein refers to a divalent group having the same structure as the C1-C60 alkyl group.

A C1-C60 alkoxy group as used herein refers to a monovalent group represented by —OA101 (wherein A101 is the C1-C60 alkyl group). Detailed examples thereof are a methoxy group, an ethoxy group, and an isopropyloxy group.

A C2-C60 alkenyl group as used herein refers to a hydrocarbon group formed by placing at least one carbon double bond in the middle or at the terminal of the C2-C60 alkyl group. Detailed examples thereof are an ethenyl group, a propenyl group, and a butenyl group. A C2-C60 alkenylene group as used herein refers to a divalent group having the same structure as the C2-C60 alkenyl group.

A C2-C60 alkynyl group as used herein refers to a hydrocarbon group formed by placing at least one carbon triple bond in the middle or at the terminal of the C2-C60 alkyl group. Detailed examples thereof are an ethynyl group, and a propynyl group. A C2-C60 alkynylene group as used herein refers to a divalent group having the same structure as the C2-C60 alkynyl group.

A C3-C10 cycloalkyl group as used herein refers to a monovalent hydrocarbon monocyclic group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms. Detailed examples thereof are a cyclopropyl group, a cyclobutyl group, a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, and a cycloheptyl group. A C3-C10 cycloalkylene group as used herein refers to a divalent group having the same structure as the C3-C10 cycloalkyl group.

A C1-C10 heterocycloalkyl group as used herein refers to a monovalent monocyclic group having at least one hetero atom selected from N, O, P, Si, and S as a ring-forming atom and 1 to 10 carbon atoms. Detailed examples thereof are a tetrahydrofuranyl group, and a tetrahydrothiophenyl group. A C1-C10 heterocycloalkylene group as used herein refers to a divalent group having the same structure as the C1-C10 heterocycloalkyl group.

A C3-C10 cycloalkenyl group as used herein refers to a monovalent monocyclic group that has 3 to 10 carbon atoms and at least one double bond in the ring thereof, and which is not aromatic. Detailed examples thereof are a cyclopentenyl group, a cyclohexenyl group, and a cycloheptenyl group. A C3-C10 cycloalkenylene group as used herein refers to a divalent group having the same structure as the C3-C10 cycloalkenyl group.

A C1-C10 heterocycloalkenyl group as used herein refers to a monovalent monocyclic group that has at least one hetero atom selected from N, O, P, Si, and S as a ring-forming atom, 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and at least one double bond in its ring. Examples of the C1-C10 heterocycloalkenyl group are a 2,3-dihydrofuranyl group and a 2,3-dihydrothiophenyl group. A C1-C10 heterocycloalkenylene group as used herein refers to a divalent group having the same structure as the C1-C10 heterocycloalkenyl group.

A C6-C60 aryl group as used herein refers to a monovalent group having a carbocyclic aromatic system having 6 to 60 carbon atoms, and a C6-C60 arylene group as used herein refers to a divalent group having a carbocyclic aromatic system having 6 to 60 carbon atoms. Detailed examples of the C6-C60 aryl group are a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, an anthracenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, a pyrenyl group, and a chrysenyl group. When the C6-C60 aryl group and the C6-C60 arylene group each include two or more rings, the rings may be fused to each other.

A C1-C60 heteroaryl group as used herein refers to a monovalent group having a carbocyclic aromatic system that has at least one hetero atom selected from N, O, P, Si, and S as a ring-forming atom, and 1 to 60 carbon atoms. A C1-C60 heteroarylene group as used herein refers to a divalent group having a carbocyclic aromatic system that has at least one hetero atom selected from N, O, P, Si, and S as a ring-forming atom, and 1 to 60 carbon atoms. Examples of the C1-C60 heteroaryl group are a pyridinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a triazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, and an isoquinolinyl group. When the C1-C60 heteroaryl group and the C1-C60 heteroarylene group each include two or more rings, the rings may be fused to each other.

A C6-C60 aryloxy group as used herein indicates —OA102 (wherein A102 is the C6-C60 aryl group), and a C6-C60 arylthio group as used herein indicates —SA103 (wherein A103 is the C6-C60 aryl group).

A monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group as used herein refers to a monovalent group (for example, having 8 to 60 carbon atoms) that has two or more rings condensed to each other, only carbon atoms as a ring forming atom, and which is non-aromatic in the entire molecular structure. A detailed example of the monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group is a fluorenyl group. A divalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group as used herein refers to a divalent group having the same structure as the monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group.

A monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group as used herein refers to a monovalent group (for example, having 2 to 60 carbon atoms) that has two or more rings condensed to each other, has a heteroatom selected from N, O P, and S, other than carbon atoms, as a ring forming atom, and which is non-aromatic in the entire molecular structure. An example of the monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group is a carbazolyl group. A divalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group as used herein refers to a divalent group having the same structure as the monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group.

In the present specification, at least one of substituents of the substituted Cr C60 alkyl group, substituted C2-C60 alkenyl group, substituted C2-C60 alkynyl group, substituted C1-C60 alkoxy group, substituted C3-C10 cycloalkyl group, substituted C1-C10 heterocycloalkyl group, substituted C3-C10 cycloalkenyl group, substituted C1-C10 heterocycloalkenyl group, substituted C6-C60 aryl group, substituted C6-C60 aryloxy group, substituted C6-C60 arylthio group, substituted C1-C60 heteroaryl group, substituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and substituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group may be selected from

    • deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, —CD3, —CD2H, —CDH2, —CF3, —CF2H, —CFH2, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C1-C60 alkyl group, a C2-C60 alkenyl group, a C2-C60 alkynyl group, and a C1-C60 alkoxy group;
    • a C1-C60 alkyl group, a C2-C60 alkenyl group, a C2-C60 alkynyl group, and a C1-C60 alkoxy group, each substituted with at least one selected from a deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, —CD3, —CD2H, —CDH2, —CF3, —CF2H, —CFH2, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C3-C10 cycloalkyl group, a C1-C10 heterocycloalkyl group, a C3-C10 cycloalkenyl group, a C1-C10 heterocycloalkenyl group, a C6-C60 aryl group, a C6-C60 aryloxy group, a C6-C60 arylthio group, a C1-C60 heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, —N(Q11)(Q12), —Si(Q13)(Q14)(Q15), —B(Q16)(Q17), and —P(═O)(Q18)(Q19);
    • a C3-C10 cycloalkyl group, a C1-C10 heterocycloalkyl group, a C3-C10 cycloalkenyl group, a C1-C10 heterocycloalkenyl group, a C6-C60 aryl group, a C6-C60 aryloxy group, a C6-C60 arylthio group, a C1-C60 heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group;
    • a C3-C10 cycloalkyl group, a C1-C10 heterocycloalkyl group, a C3-C10 cycloalkenyl group, a C1-C10 heterocycloalkenyl group, a C6-C60 aryl group, a C6-C60 aryloxy group, a C6-C60 arylthio group, a C1-C60 heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, each substituted with at least one selected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, —CD3, —CD2H, —CDH2, —CF3, —CF2H, —CFH2, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C1-C60 alkyl group, a C2-C60 alkenyl group, a C2-C60 alkynyl group, a C1-C60 alkoxy group, a C3-C10 cycloalkyl group, a C1-C10 heterocycloalkyl group, a C3-C10 cycloalkenyl group, a C1-C10 heterocycloalkenyl group, a C6-C60 aryl group, a C6-C60 aryloxy group, a C6-C60 arylthio group, a C1-C60 heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, —N(Q21)(Q22), —Si(Q23)(Q24)(Q25), —B(Q26)(Q27), and —P(═O)(Q28)(Q29); and
    • —N(Q31)(Q32), —Si(Q33)(Q34)(Q35), —B(Q36)(Q37), and —P(═O)(Q38)(Q39),
    • wherein Q1 to Q9, Q11 to Q19, Q21 to Q29, and Q31 to Q39 are each independently selected from hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid or a salt thereof, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C60 alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C2-C60 alkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C2-C60 alkynyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C60 alkoxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C3-C10 cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C10 heterocycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C3-C10 cycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C10 heterocycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C6-C60 aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C6-C60 aryloxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C6-C60 arylthio group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C60 heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group.

When a group containing a specified number of carbon atoms is substituted with any of the substituents listed above, the number of carbon atoms in the resulting “substituted” group may be the number of atoms contained in the original (base) group plus the number of carbon atoms (if any) contained in the substituent. For example, the “substituted C1-C30 alkyl” may refer to a C1-C30 alkyl group substituted with C6-60 aryl group, in which the total number of carbon atoms may be C7-C90.

Hereinafter, a compound and an organic light-emitting device according to embodiments are described in detail with reference to Synthesis Example and Examples. However, the organic light-emitting device is not limited thereto. The wording “B was used instead of A” used in describing Synthesis Examples means that an amount of A used was identical to an amount of B used, in terms of a molar equivalent.

EXAMPLES Synthesis Example 1 Synthesis of Compound 1

Synthesis of Compound L1

2-bromo-5-(trimethylsilyl)pyridine (9.15 grams (g), 39.73 millimoles (mmol)), triphenylen-2-ylboronic acid (12.43 g, 45.69 mmol), Pd(PPh3)4 (3.06 g, 2.65 mmol), and K2CO3 (21.94 g, 158.74 mmol) were mixed with 210 milliliters (mL) of tetrahydrofuran (THF) and 70 mL of distilled water, and the mixture was stirred for 18 hours under reflux. The temperature was decreased to room temperature, and the organic layer was extracted by using methylene chloride (MC). Anhydrous magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) was added thereto to remove moisture therefrom. The result was filtered to obtain a filtrate, and the solvent was removed under reduced pressure. The residual was purified by column chromatography using MC and hexane at a ratio of 1:1 to obtain 10.40 g (69%) of Compound L1.

MALDI-TOFMS (m/z): C26H23NSi (M+) 378.

Synthesis of Compound A

2-phenylpyridine (14.66 g, 94.44 mmol) and iridium chloride (14.80 g, 41.97 mmol) were mixed with 210 mL of ethoxyethanol and 70 mL of distilled water. The mixture was stirred for 24 hours under reflux to perform a reaction. The temperature was then decreased to room temperature. A solid obtained therefrom was separated therefrom by filtration, and was thoroughly washed with water, methanol, and hexane sequentially in this stated order. The resultant solid was dried in a vacuum oven to obtain 19.5 g (87%) of Compound A.

Synthesis of Compound B

Compound A (4.51 g, 4.20 mmol) was mixed with 45 mL of MC, and AgOTf (2.16 g, 8.41 mmol) dissolved in 15 mL of methanol was added thereto. While light was blocked by using an aluminum foil, the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 18 hours to perform a reaction. The reaction mixture was filtered through celite to remove generated solid therefrom. A filtrate was placed under reduced pressure to obtain a solid (Compound B), which was used in the subsequent reaction without additional purification.

Synthesis of Compound 1

Compound B (6.0 g, 8.41 mmol) and Compound L1 (3.81 g, 10.10 mmol) were mixed with 100 mL of ethanol, and the mixture was stirred for 18 hours under reflux to perform a reaction. After the temperature was decreased, the resultant mixture was filtered to obtain a solid, which was thoroughly washed with ethanol and hexane. The crude product was purified by column chromatography using MC and hexane at a ratio of 40:60 to obtain 1.4 g (19%) of Compound 1. The obtained compound was identified by Mass and HPLC.

HRMS (MALDI-TOF) calcd for C48H38IrN3Si: m/z 877.2464. Found: 877.2461

Synthesis Example 2 Synthesis of Compound 2

Synthesis of Compound C

9.5 g (60%) of Compound C was prepared in the same manner as Compound L1 in Synthesis Example 1, except that 2,5-dibromo-4-methylpyridine (10 g, 39.86 mmol) was used instead of 2-bromo-5-(trimethylsilyl)pyridine.

MALDI-TOFMS (m/z): C27H25NSi (M+) 397.

Synthesis of Compound L2

100 mL of tetrahydrofuran (THF) was added to Compound C (6.09 g, 15.31 mmol), and the mixture was cooled to a temperature of −78° C. . n-BuLi (14.4 mL, 22.96 mmol) was slowly added thereto, and the result was stirred at a temperature of −78° C. for 1 hour. Trimethylsilyl chloride (TMSCI) (2.91 mL, 22.96 mmol) was added thereto, and a reaction was performed at a temperature of −78° C. for 1 hour. The reaction product was heated to room temperature to perform a reaction for 12 hours. An organic layer was extracted therefrom by using MC, and anhydrous magnesium sulfate was added thereto to remove moisture therefrom. The filtrate obtained by filtration was placed under reduced pressure to evaporate the solvent. The residue was purified by column chromatography using EA and hexane at a ratio of 5:95 to obtain 4.8 g (80%) of Compound L2.

MALDI-TOFMS (m/z): C27H25NSi (M+) 391.

Synthesis of Compound 2

1.9 g (32%) of Compound 2 was prepared in the same manner as Compound 1 in Synthesis Example 1, except that Compound L2 (3.17 g, 8.08 mmol) was used instead of Compound L1. The obtained compound was confirmed by Mass and HPLC.

HRMS (MALDI-TOF) calcd for C49H40IrN3Si: m/z 891.2621. Found: 891.2621.

Synthesis Example 3 Synthesis of Compound 3

Synthesis of Compound L3

Compound L2 (4.52 g, 11.52 mmol) was mixed with 70 mL of THF, and the mixture was cooled to a temperature of −78° C. Lithium diisopropylamide (LDA, 14.4 mL, 28.8 mmol) was slowly added thereto. The resulting mixture was stirred at a temperature of −78° C. for 1 hour to perform a reaction, and then at room temperature for an additional 1.5 hours. Subsequently, the temperature was decreased to −78° C., and 2-bromopropane (2.70 mL, 28.8 mmol) was slowly added thereto. The temperature was increased to room temperature and a reaction was performed for 12 hours. The organic layer obtained therefrom was extracted using MC, and anhydrous magnesium sulfate was added thereto to remove moisture therefrom. A filtrate obtained by filtration was placed under reduced pressure to remove solvent.

The residual was subjected to column chromatography using EA and hexane at a ratio of 10:90 to obtain 4.3 g (86%) of Compound L3.

MALDI-TOFMS (m/z): C30H31NSi (M+) 434.

Synthesis of Compound 3

1.8 g (32%) of Compound 3 was prepared in the same manner as Compound 1 in Synthesis Example 1, except that Compound L3 (3.35 g, 7.71 mmol) was used instead of Compound L1. The obtained compound was confirmed by Mass and HPLC.

HRMS (MALDI-TOF) calcd for C52H46IrN3Si: m/z 933.3090. Found: 933.3092.

Synthesis Example 4 Synthesis of Compound 4

Synthesis of Compound D

10.4 g (74%) of Compound D was prepared in the same manner as Compound L1 in Synthesis Example 1, except that 2,5-dibromo-4-phenylpyridine (9.518 g, 30.41 mmol) was used instead of 2-bromo-5-(trimethylsilyl)pyridine.

MALDI-TOFMS (m/z): C29H18BrN (M+) 459.

Synthesis of Compound L4

6.7 g (84%) of Compound L4 was prepared in the same manner as Compound L2 in Synthesis Example 2, except that Compound D (8.106 g, 17.66 mmol) was used instead of Compound C.

MALDI-TOFMS (m/z): C32H27NSi (M+) 453.

Synthesis of Compound 4

1.1 g (22%) of Compound 4 was prepared in the same manner as Compound 1 in Synthesis Example 1, except that Compound L4 (2.912 g, 6.43 mmol) was used instead of Compound L1. The obtained compound was confirmed by Mass and HPLC.

HRMS (MALDI-TOF) calcd for C54H42IrN3Si: m/z 953.2777. Found: 953.2775.

Synthesis Example 5 Synthesis of Compound 97

Synthesis of Compound E

2-(5-(methylD3))phenylpyridine (8.74 g, 33.07 mmol) and iridium chloride (7.95 g, 22.5 mmol) were mixed with 120 mL of ethoxyethanol and 40 mL of distilled water. The mixture was stirred for 24 hours under reflux to perform a reaction. The temperature was then decreased to room temperature. A solid generated therefrom was separated by filtration, and thoroughly washed with water, methanol, and hexane sequentially in this stated order. The resultant solid was dried in a vacuum oven to obtain Compound E (11 g, 86%).

Synthesis of Compound F

Compound E (4.59 g, 4.02 mmol) was mixed with 210 mL of MC, and AgOTf (2.07 g, 8.04 mmol) dissolved in 70 mL of methanol was added thereto. Thereafter, while light was blocked by using an aluminum foil, a reaction was performed at room temperature for 18 hours. The generated solid was removed therefrom by celite filtration. A filtrate was placed under reduced pressure to obtain a solid (Compound F), which was used in the subsequent reaction without additional purification.

Synthesis of Compound 97

1.7 g (34%) of Compound 97 was prepared in the same manner as Compound 1 in Synthesis Example 1, except that Compound F was used instead of Compound B. The obtained compound was confirmed by Mass and HPLC.

HRMS (MALDI-TOF) calcd for C50H36D6IrN3Si: m/z 911.3154. Found: 911.3154.

Synthesis Example 6 Synthesis of Compound 99

1.4 g (28%) of Compound 99 was prepared in the same manner as Compound 1 in Synthesis Example 1, except that Compound F was used instead of Compound B and Compound L3 (2.767 g, 6.39 mmol) was used instead of Compound L1. The obtained compound was confirmed by Mass and HPLC.

HRMS (MALDI-TOF) calcd for C54H44D6IrN3Si: m/z 967.3780. Found: 967.3781.

Synthesis Example 7 Synthesis of Compound 100

1.07 g (21%) of Compound 100 was prepared in the same manner as Compound 1 in Synthesis Example 1, except that Compound F was used instead of Compound B and Compound L4 (2.755 g, 6.08 mmol) was used instead of Compound L1. The obtained compound was confirmed by Mass and HPLC.

HRMS (MALDI-TOF) calcd for C56H40D6IrN3Si: m/z 987.3467. Found: 987.3469.

Synthesis Example 8 Synthesis of Compound 145

Synthesis of Compound G

2-(4-(trimethylsilyl))phenylpyridine (7.05 g, 33.07 mmol) and iridium chloride (5.18 g, 14.7 mmol) were mixed with 75 mL of ethoxyethanol and 25 mL of distilled water. The mixture was stirred for 24 hours under reflux to perform a reaction. The temperature was then decreased to room temperature. A solid generated therefrom was separated by filtration, and thoroughly washed with water, methanol, and hexane sequentially in this stated order to obtain a solid, which was then dried in a vacuum oven to obtain Compound G (9.01 g, 90%).

Synthesis of Compound H

Compound D (2.78 g, 2.04 mmol) was mixed with 60 mL of MC, and AgOTf (1.05 g, 4.08 mmol) dissolved in 20 mL of methanol was added thereto. While light was blocked by using aluminum foil, a reaction was performed at room temperature for 18 hours. The generated solid was removed by filtration through celite and a filtrate was placed under reduced pressure to obtain a solid (Compound H), which was used in the subsequent reaction without additional purification.

Synthesis of Compound 145

1.4 g (27%) of Compound 145 was prepared in the same manner as Compound 1 in Synthesis Example 1, except that Compound H was used instead of Compound B. The obtained compound was confirmed by Mass and HPLC.

HRMS (MALDI-TOF) calcd for C54H44D6IrN3Si: m/z 1021.3255. Found: 1021.3253.

Synthesis Example 9 Synthesis of Compound 146

1.9 g (32%) of Compound 146 was prepared in the same manner as Compound 1 in Synthesis Example 1, except that Compound H was used instead of Compound B and Compound L2 (2.727 g, 6.96 mmol) was used instead of Compound L1. The obtained compound was confirmed by Mass and HPLC.

HRMS (MALDI-TOF) calcd for C55H56D6IrN3Si: m/z 1035.3411. Found: 1035.3410.

Synthesis Example 10 Synthesis of Compound 147

1.8 g (30%) of Compound 147 was prepared in the same manner as Compound 1 in Synthesis Example 1, except that Compound H was used instead of Compound B and Compound L3 (2.901 g, 6.69 mmol) was used instead of Compound L1. The obtained compound was confirmed by Mass and HPLC.

HRMS (MALDI-TOF) calcd for C58H62D6IrN3Si: m/z 1077.3881. Found: 1077.3881.

Synthesis Example 11 Synthesis of Compound 148

1.7 g (28%) of Compound 148 was prepared in the same manner as Compound 1 in Synthesis Example 1, except that Compound H was used instead of Compound B and Compound L4 (2.973 g, 6.56 mmol) was used instead of Compound L1. The obtained compound was confirmed by Mass and HPLC.

HRMS (MALDI-TOF) calcd for C60H58D6IrN3Si: m/z 1097.3568. Found: 1097.3569.

Synthesis Example 12 Synthesis of Compound 217

Synthesis of Compound I

Compound I (10.6 g, 83%) was prepared in the same manner as Compound E in Synthesis Example 5, except that 2-(4-(methylD3))phenylpyridine (8.74 g, 33.07 mmol) was used instead of 2-(5-(methylD3))phenylpyridine.

Synthesis of Compound J

Compound J was prepared in the same manner as Compound F in Synthesis Example 5, except that Compound I (8.74 g, 33.07 mmol) was used instead of Compound E.

Synthesis of Compound 217

1.3 g (22%) of Compound 217 was prepared in the same manner as used to synthesize Compound 97 in Synthesis Example 5, except that Compound J was used instead of Compound F. The obtained compound was confirmed by Mass and HPLC.

HRMS (MALDI-TOF) calcd for C50H36D6IrN3Si: m/z 911.3154. Found: 911.3152.

Evaluation Example 1 Evaluation on HOMO, LUMO, and Triplet (T1) Energy Levels

HOMO, LUMO and T1 energy levels of Compounds 1, 2, 3, 4, 97, 99, 100, 145, 146, 147, 148, and 217 were evaluated according to the method indicated in Table 2, and results thereof are shown in Table 3.

TABLE 2 HOMO energy level A potential (V)-current (A) graph of each compound was obtained by using evaluation method cyclic voltammetry (CV) (electrolyte: 0.1 molar (M) Bu4NPF6/solvent: CH2Cl2/electrode: 3-electrode system (working electrode: Pt disc (in a diameter of 1 millimeter (mm)), reference electrode: Pt wire, and auxiliary electrode: Pt wire)). From oxidation onset of the graph, a HOMO energy level of the compound was calculated. LUMO energy level Each compound was diluted at a concentration of 1 × 10−5 M in CHCl3, and an evaluation method UV absorption spectrum thereof was measured at room temperature by using a Shimadzu UV-350 spectrometer. A LUMO energy level thereof was calculated by using an optical band gap (Eg) from an edge of the absorption spectrum and HOMO energy levels. T1 energy level A mixture (each compound was dissolved in an amount of 1 milligram (mg) evaluation method in 3 cubic centimeters (cc) of toluene) of toluene and each compound was loaded into a quartz cell. The resultant quartz cell was loaded into liquid nitrogen (77 Kelvins (K)) and a photoluminescence spectrum thereof was measured by using a device for measuring photoluminescence. The obtained spectrum was compared with a photoluminescence spectrum measured at room temperature, and peaks observed only at low temperature were analyzed to calculate T1 energy levels.

TABLE 3 HOMO (eV) LUMO (eV) Compound No. (found) (found) T1 energy level (eV) 1 −5.054 −2.594 2.358 2 −5.029 −2.573 2.354 3 −5.025 −2.540 2.383 4 −5.038 −2.607 2.329 97 −5.002 −2.547 2.353 99 −4.975 −2.500 2.373 100 −4.984 −2.553 2.329 145 −5.012 −2.557 2.353 146 −4.992 −2.541 2.349 147 −4.986 −2.509 2.375 148 −5.003 −2.581 2.320 217 −4.984 −2.547 2.335

From Table 3, it was confirmed that Compounds 1, 2, 3, 4, 97, 99, 100, 145, 146, 147, 148, and 217 have electric characteristics suitable for use as a material for an organic light-emitting device.

Example 1

An ITO glass substrate was cut to a size of 50 mm×50 mm×0.5 mm sonicated in acetone isopropyl alcohol and pure water, each for 15 minutes, and then, washed by exposure to UV ozone for 30 minutes.

Subsequently, on the ITO electrode (anode) on the glass substrate, m-MTDATA was deposited at a deposition speed of 1 Angstroms per second (A /sec) to form a hole injection layer having a thickness of 600 Å, and α-NPD was deposited on the hole injection layer at a deposition speed of 1 Å/sec to form a hole transport layer having a thickness of 250 Å.

Compound 1 (dopant) and CBP (host) were co-deposited on the hole transport layer at a deposition speed of 0.1 Å/sec and a deposition speed of 1 A/sec, respectively, to form an emission layer having a thickness of 400 Å.

BAlq was deposited on the emission layer at a deposition speed of 1 Å/sec to form a hole blocking layer having a thickness of 50 Å. Alq3 was deposited on the hole blocking layer to form an electron transport layer having a thickness of 300 Å. LiF was deposited on the electron transport layer to form an electron injection layer having a thickness of 10 Å. Al was vacuum deposited on the electron injection layer to form a second electrode (cathode) having a thickness of 1,200 Å, thereby completing the manufacture of an organic light-emitting device having a structure of ITO/m-MTDATA (600 Å)/α-NPD (250 Å)/CBP+10% (Compound 1) (400 Å)/Balq(50 Å)/Alq3(300 Å)/LiF(10 Å)/Al(1200 Å).

Examples 2 to 4 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2

Organic light-emitting devices were manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1, except that in forming an emission layer, for use as a dopant, corresponding compounds shown in Table 4 were used instead of Compound 1.

Evaluation Example 2 Evaluation on Characteristics of Organic Light-Emitting Devices

The driving voltage, current efficiency and lifespan of the organic light-emitting devices manufactured according to Examples 2 to 4 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2 were evaluated by using Keithley 2400 and luminance meter Minolta Cs-1000A. The driving voltage and current efficiency of the organic light-emitting devices of Examples 2 to 4 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2 were expressed in a relative value with respect to the driving voltage and current efficiency of the organic light-emitting device of Example 1 which were each expressed as “100”. Their relative values are shown in Table 4. Regarding Table 4, a lifespan (T95) indicates a time that lapses when luminance is decreased to 95% of the initial luminance under 6,000 nit, which is 100%, after driving. In Table 4, the lifespans (T95) of Examples 2 to 4 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2 are expressed as relative values when the lifespan (T95) of the organic light-emitting device of Example 1 is “100.”

TABLE 4 Driving Efficiency voltage (cd/A) Lifespan (hr) (V) (relative (relative (T95, at 6,000 nit) Dopant value) value) (relative value) Example 1 1 100 100 100 Example 2 145 88 121 114 Example 3 147 87 129 113 Example 4 217 92 109 105 Comparative Ir(ppy)3 121 86 36 Example 1 Comparative Compound 108 91 43 Example 2 A

From Table 4, it was confirmed that the organic light-emitting devices of Examples 1 to 4 had lower driving voltage, higher efficiency, and longer lifespan than the organic light-emitting devices of Comparative Examples 1 and 2.

Organometallic compounds according to embodiments of the present disclosure have excellent electric characteristics and thermal stability. Accordingly, organic light-emitting device including such organometallic compounds may have excellent driving voltage, current efficiency, power, and lifetime characteristics.

It should be understood that exemplary embodiments described herein should be considered in a descriptive sense only and not for purposes of limitation. Descriptions of features or aspects within each exemplary embodiment should typically be considered as available for other similar features or aspects in other exemplary embodiments.

While one or more exemplary embodiments have been described with reference to the figures, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present inventive concept as defined by the following claims.

Claims

1. An organometallic compound represented by Formula 1:

M(L1)n1(L2)n2  Formula 1
wherein M in Formula 1 is selected from Ir, Pt, Os, Ti, Zr, Hf, Eu, Tb, Tm, and Rh,
L1 in Formula 1 is selected from ligands represented by Formula 2,
n1 is 1, 2, or 3, provided that when n1 is 2 or greater, two or more groups L1 are identical to or different from each other,
L2 in Formula 1 is selected from a monovalent organic ligand, a divalent organic ligand, a trivalent organic ligand, and a tetravalent organic ligand,
n2 is 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4, provided that when n2 is 2 or greater, two or more groups L2 are identical to or different from each other,
L1 and L2 in Formula 1 are different from each other,
CY1 in Formula 2 is a C1-C18 condensed cyclic ring i) in which two to four unsaturated 6-membered rings are condensed to each other and ii) which optionally has N as a ring forming atom,
R1 to R6, R11, and R12 in Formula 2 are each independently selected from hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, —SF5, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid or a salt thereof, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C60 alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C2-C60 alkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C2-C60 alkynyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C60 alkoxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C3-C10 cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C10 heterocycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C3-C10 cycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C10 heterocycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C6-C60 aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C6-C60 aryloxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C6-C60 arylthio group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C60 heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, —Si(Q1)(Q2)(Q3), —N(Q4)(Q5), —B(Q6)(Q7), and —P(═O)(Q8)(Q9),
b1, b2, b5, and b6 in Formula 2 are each independently an integer selected from 0 to 4, provided that the sum of b5 and b6 is 1 or greater,
each of * and *′ in Formula 2 indicates a binding site to M in Formula 1, and
at least one of substituents of the substituted C1-C60 alkyl group, substituted C2-C60 alkenyl group, substituted C2-C60 alkynyl group, substituted C1-C60 alkoxy group, substituted C3-C10 cycloalkyl group, substituted C1-C10 heterocycloalkyl group, substituted C3-C10 cycloalkenyl group, substituted C1-C10 heterocycloalkenyl group, substituted C6-C60 aryl group, substituted C6-C60 aryloxy group, substituted C6-C60 arylthio group, substituted C1-C60 heteroaryl group, substituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and substituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group is selected from
deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, —CD3, —CD2H, —CDH2, —CF3, —CF2H, —CFH2, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid or a salt thereof, a C1-C60 alkyl group, a C2-C60 alkenyl group, a C2-C60 alkynyl group, and a C1-C60 alkoxy group;
a C1-C60 alkyl group, a C2-C60 alkenyl group, a C2-C60 alkynyl group, and a C1-C60 alkoxy group, each substituted with at least one selected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, —CD3, —CD2H, —CDH2, —CF3, —CF2H, —CFH2, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid or a salt thereof, a C3-C10 cycloalkyl group, a C1-C10 heterocycloalkyl group, a C3-C10 cycloalkenyl group, a C1-C10 heterocycloalkenyl group, a C6-C60 aryl group, a C6-C60 aryloxy group, a C6-C60 arylthio group, a C1-C60 heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, —Si(Q11)(Q12)(Q13), —N(Q14)(Q15), —B(Q16)(Q17), and —P(═O)(Q18)(Q19);
a C3-C10 cycloalkyl group, a C1-C10 heterocycloalkyl group, a C3-C10 cycloalkenyl group, a C1-C10 heterocycloalkenyl group, a C6-C60 aryl group, a C6-C60 aryloxy group, a C6-C60 arylthio group, a C1-C60 heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group;
a C3-C10 cycloalkyl group, a C1-C10 heterocycloalkyl group, a C3-C10 cycloalkenyl group, a C1-C10 heterocycloalkenyl group, a C6-C60 aryl group, a C6-C60 aryloxy group, a C6-C60 arylthio group, a C1-C60 heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, each substituted with at least one selected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, —CD3, —CD2H, —CDH2, —CF3, —CF2H, —CFH2, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid or a salt thereof, a C1-C60 alkyl group, a C2-C60 alkenyl group, a C2-C60 alkynyl group, a C1-C60 alkoxy group, a C3-C10 cycloalkyl group, a C1-C10 heterocycloalkyl group, a C3-C10 cycloalkenyl group, a C1-C10 heterocycloalkenyl group, a C6-C60 aryl group, a C6-C60 aryloxy group, a C6-C60 arylthio group, a C1-C60 heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, —Si(Q21)(Q22)(Q23), —N(Q24)(Q25), —B(Q26)(Q27), and —P(═O)(Q28)(Q29); and
—Si(Q31)(Q32)(Q33), —N(Q34)(Q35), —B(Q36)(Q37), and —P(═O)(Q38)(Q39), wherein Q1 to Q9, Q11 to Q19, Q21 to Q29, and Q31 to Q39 are each independently selected from hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid or a salt thereof, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C60 alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C2-C60 alkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C2-C60 alkynyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C60 alkoxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C3-C10 cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C10 heterocycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C3-C10 cycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C10 heterocycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C6-C60 aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C6-C60 aryloxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C6-C60 arylthio group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C60 heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group.

2. The organometallic compound of claim 1, wherein

in Formula 1, M is Ir and the sum of n1 and n2 is 3; or M is Pt and the sum of n1 and n2 is 2.

3. The organometallic compound of claim 1, wherein

CY1 in Formula 2 is selected from a naphthalene, a phenanthrene, an anthracene, a triphenylene, a pyrene, a chrysene, a naphthacene, a tetraphene, a tetracene, a quinoline, an isoquinoline, a benzoquinoline, a phthalazine, a naphthyridine, a quinoxaline, a quinazoline, a cinnoline, a phenanthridine, an acridine, a phenanthroline, and a phenazine.

4. The organometallic compound of claim 1, wherein

R11 and R12 in Formula 2 are each independently selected from
hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid or a salt thereof, —SF5, C1-C20 alkyl group, and a C1-C20 alkoxy group;
a C1-C20 alkyl group and a C1-C20 alkoxy group, each substituted with at least one selected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, —CD3, —CD2H, —CDH2, —CF3, —CF2H, —CFH2, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid or a salt thereof, a C1-C10 alkyl group, a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a cycloheptyl group, a cyclooctyl group, an adamantanyl group, a norbornanyl group, a norbornenyl group, a cyclopentenyl group, a cyclohexenyl group, a cycloheptenyl group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a pyridinyl group, and a pyrimidinyl group;
a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a cycloheptyl group, a cyclooctyl group, an adamantanyl group, a norbornanyl group, a norbornenyl group, a cyclopentenyl group, a cyclohexenyl group, a cycloheptenyl group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyrrolyl group, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group, an imidazolyl group, a pyrazolyl group, a thiazolyl group, an isothiazolyl group, an oxazolyl group, an isoxazolyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, an isoindolyl group, an indolyl group, an indazolyl group, a purinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, a benzoimidazolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, an isobenzothiazolyl group, a benzoxazolyl group, an isobenzoxazolyl group, a triazolyl group, a tetrazolyl group, an oxadiazolyl group, a triazinyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a benzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, an imidazopyridinyl group, and an imidazopyrimidinyl group;
a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a cycloheptyl group, a cyclooctyl group, an adamantanyl group, a norbornanyl group, a norbornenyl group, a cyclopentenyl group, a cyclohexenyl group, a cycloheptenyl group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyrrolyl group, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group, an imidazolyl group, a pyrazolyl group, a thiazolyl group, an isothiazolyl group, an oxazolyl group, an isoxazolyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, an isoindolyl group, an indolyl group, an indazolyl group, a purinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, a benzoimidazolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, an isobenzothiazolyl group, a benzoxazolyl group, an isobenzoxazolyl group, a triazolyl group, a tetrazolyl group, an oxadiazolyl group, a triazinyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a benzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, an imidazopyridinyl group, and an imidazopyrimidinyl group, each substituted with at least one selected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, —CD3, —CD2H, —CDH2, —CF3, —CF2H, —CFH2, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid or a salt thereof, a C1-C20 alkyl group, a C1-C20 alkoxy group, a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a cycloheptyl group, a cyclooctyl group, an adamantanyl group, a norbornanyl group, a norbornenyl group, a cyclopentenyl group, a cyclohexenyl group, a cycloheptenyl group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyrrolyl group, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group, an imidazolyl group, a pyrazolyl group, a thiazolyl group, an isothiazolyl group, an oxazolyl group, an isoxazolyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, an isoindolyl group, an indolyl group, an indazolyl group, a purinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, a benzoimidazolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, an isobenzothiazolyl group, a benzoxazolyl group, an isobenzoxazolyl group, a triazolyl group, a tetrazolyl group, an oxadiazolyl group, a triazinyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a benzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, an imidazopyridinyl group, and an imidazopyrimidinyl group; and
—B(Q6)(Q7) and —P(═O)(Q8)(Q9),
wherein Q6 to Q9 are each independently selected from
—CH3, —CD3, —CD2H, —CDH2, —CH2CH3, —CH2CD3, —CH2CD2H, —CH2CDH2, —CHDCH3, —CHDCD2H, —CHDCDH2, —CHDCD3, —CD2CD3, —CD2CD2H, and —CD2CDH2;
an n-propyl group, an isopropyl group, an n-butyl group, an isobutyl group, a sec-butyl group, a tert-butyl group, an n-pentyl group, an isopentyl group, a sec-pentyl group, a tert-pentyl group, a phenyl group, and a naphthyl group; and
an n-propyl group, an isopropyl group, an n-butyl group, an isobutyl group, a sec-butyl group, a tert-butyl group, an n-pentyl group, an isopentyl group, a sec-pentyl group, a tert-pentyl group, a phenyl group, and a naphthyl group, each substituted with at least one selected from deuterium, a C1-C10 alkyl group, and a phenyl group.

5. The organometallic compound of claim 1, wherein

R11 and R12 in Formula 2 are each independently selected from
hydrogen, deuterium, —F, a cyano group, a nitro group, —SF5, a methyl group, an ethyl group, an n-propyl group, an isopropyl group, an n-butyl group, an isobutyl group, a sec-butyl group, a tert-butyl group, an n-pentyl group, an isopentyl group, a sec-pentyl group, a tert-pentyl group, an n-hexyl group, an isohexyl group, a sec-hexyl group, a tert-hexyl group, an n-heptyl group, an isoheptyl group, a sec-heptyl group, a tert-heptyl group, an n-octyl group, an isooctyl group, a sec-octyl group, a tert-octyl group, an n-nonyl group, an isononyl group, a sec-nonyl group, a tert-nonyl group, an n-decyl group, an isodecyl group, a sec-decyl group, a tert-decyl group, a methoxy group, an ethoxy group, a propoxy group, a butoxy group, a pentoxy group, a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a cycloheptyl group, a cyclooctyl group, an adamantanyl group, a norbornanyl group, a norbornenyl group, a cyclopentenyl group, a cyclohexenyl group, a cycloheptenyl group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a pyridinyl group, and a pyrimidinyl group;
a methyl group, an ethyl group, an n-propyl group, an isopropyl group, an n-butyl group, an isobutyl group, a sec-butyl group, a tert-butyl group, an n-pentyl group, an isopentyl group, a sec-pentyl group, a tert-pentyl group, an n-hexyl group, an isohexyl group, a sec-hexyl group, a tert-hexyl group, an n-heptyl group, an isoheptyl group, a sec-heptyl group, a tert-heptyl group, an n-octyl group, an isooctyl group, a sec-octyl group, a tert-octyl group, an n-nonyl group, an isononyl group, a sec-nonyl group, a tert-nonyl group, an n-decyl group, an isodecyl group, a sec-decyl group, a tert-decyl group, a methoxy group, an ethoxy group, a propoxy group, a butoxy group, a pentoxy group, a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a cycloheptyl group, a cyclooctyl group, an adamantanyl group, a norbornanyl group, a norbornenyl group, a cyclopentenyl group, a cyclohexenyl group, a cycloheptenyl group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a pyridinyl group, and a pyrimidinyl group, each substituted with at least one selected from deuterium, —F, —CD3, —CD2H, —CDH2, —CF3, —CF2H, —CFH2, a cyano group, a nitro group, a C1-C10 alkyl group, a C1-C10 alkoxy group, a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a cycloheptyl group, a cyclooctyl group, an adamantanyl group, a norbornanyl group, a norbornenyl group, a cyclopentenyl group, a cyclohexenyl group, a cycloheptenyl group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a pyridinyl group, and a pyrimidinyl group; and
—B(Q6)(Q7) and —P(═O)(Q8)(Q9),
wherein Q6 to Q9 are each independently selected from
—CH3, —CD3, —CD2H, —CDH2, —CH2CH3, —CH2CD3, —CH2CD2H, —CH2CDH2, —CHDCH3, —CHDCD2H, —CHDCDH2, —CHDCD3, —CD2CD3, —CD2CD2H, and —CD2CDH2;
an n-propyl group, an isopropyl group, an n-butyl group, an isobutyl group, a sec-butyl group, a tert-butyl group, an n-pentyl group, an isopentyl group, a sec-pentyl group, a tert-pentyl group, a phenyl group, and a naphthyl group; and
an n-propyl group, an isopropyl group, an n-butyl group, an isobutyl group, a sec-butyl group, a tert-butyl group, an n-pentyl group, an isopentyl group, a sec-pentyl group, a tert-pentyl group, a phenyl group, and a naphthyl group, each substituted with at least one selected from deuterium, a C1-C10 alkyl group, and a phenyl group.

6. The organometallic compound of claim 1, wherein

R1 to R6 in Formula 2 are each independently selected from
a C1-C10 alkyl group, a phenyl group, and —Si(Q1)(Q2)(Q3); and
a C1-C10 alkyl group and a phenyl group, each substituted with at least one selected from a deuterium and a C1-C10 alkyl group,
wherein Q1 to Q3 are each independently selected from
—CH3, —CD3, —CD2H, —CDH2, —CH2CH3, —CH2CD3, —CH2CD2H, —CH2CDH2, —CHDCH3, —CHDCD2H, —CHDCDH2, —CHDCD3, —CD2CD3, —CD2CD2H, and —CD2CDH2;
an n-propyl group, an isopropyl group, an n-butyl group, an isobutyl group, a sec-butyl group, a tert-butyl group, an n-pentyl group, an isopentyl group, a sec-pentyl group, a tert-pentyl group, a phenyl group, and a naphthyl group; and
an n-propyl group, an isopropyl group, an n-butyl group, an isobutyl group, a sec-butyl group, a tert-butyl group, an n-pentyl group, an isopentyl group, a sec-pentyl group, a tert-pentyl group, a phenyl group, and a naphthyl group, each substituted with at least one selected from deuterium, a C1-C10 alkyl group, and a phenyl group.

7. The organometallic compound of claim 1, wherein

R11 and R12 in Formula 2 are each independently selected from hydrogen, deuterium, —F, a cyano group, a nitro group, —SF5, —CH3, —CD3, —CD2H, —CDH2, —CF3, —CF2H, —CFH2, groups represented by Formulae 9-1 to 9-19, and groups represented by Formulae 10-1 to 10-38, and
R1 to R6 in Formula 2 are each independently selected from
—CH3, —CD3, —CD2H, —CDH2, —CH2CH3, —CH2CD3, —CH2CD2H, —CH2CDH2, —CHDCH3, —CHDCD2H, —CHDCDH2, —CHDCD3, —CD2CD3, —CD2CD2H, and —CD2CDH2;
an n-propyl group, an isopropyl group, an n-butyl group, an isobutyl group, a sec-butyl group, a tert-butyl group, an n-pentyl group, an isopentyl group, a sec-pentyl group a tert-pentyl group, a phenyl group, and —Si(Q1)(Q2)(Q3); and
an n-propyl group, an isopropyl group, an n-butyl group, an isobutyl group, a sec-butyl group, a tert-butyl group, an n-pentyl group, an isopentyl group, a sec-pentyl group a tert-pentyl group, and a phenyl group, each substituted with at least one selected from deuterium and a C1-C10 alkyl group,
wherein Q1 to Q3 are each independently selected from
—CH3, —CD3, —CD2H, —CDH2, —CH2CH3, —CH2CD3, —CH2CD2H, —CH2CDH2, —CHDCH3, —CHDCD2H, —CHDCDH2, —CHDCD3, —CD2CD3, —CD2CD2H, and —CD2CDH2;
an n-propyl group, an isopropyl group, an n-butyl group, an isobutyl group, a sec-butyl group, a tert-butyl group, an n-pentyl group, an isopentyl group, a sec-pentyl group, a tert-pentyl group, a phenyl group, and a naphthyl group; and
an n-propyl group, an isopropyl group, an n-butyl group, an isobutyl group, a sec-butyl group, a tert-butyl group, an n-pentyl group, an isopentyl group, a sec-pentyl group, a tert-pentyl group, a phenyl group, and a naphthyl group, each substituted with at least one selected from deuterium, a C1-C10 alkyl group, and a phenyl group:
wherein * in Formulae 9-1 to 9-19 and 10-1 to 10-38 indicates a binding site to a neighboring atom.

8. The organometallic compound of claim 1, wherein

b5 is 1, 2, or 3.

9. The organometallic compound of claim 1, wherein

L1 in Formula 1 is selected from ligands represented by Formula 2(1):
wherein CY1, R1 to R3, R11, R12, b1, and b2 in Formula 2(1) are the same as in claim 1, and each of* and *′ indicates a binding site to M in Formula 1.

10. The organometallic compound of claim 1, wherein

L1 in Formula 1 is selected from ligands represented by Formulae 2-1 to 2-47:
wherein, in Formulae 2-1 to 2-47,
R1 to R3, R11, and b1 are the same as in claim 1,
b5 is 1, 2, or 3,
X1 is N or C(R21), X2 is N or C(R22), X3 is N or C(R23), X4 is N or C(R24), X5 is N or C(R25), X6 is N or C(R26), X7 is N or C(R27), X8 is N or C(R28), X9 is N or C(R29), X10 is N or C(R30),
R21 to R30 are the same as in claim 1 in connection with R12, and
each of * and *′ indicates a binding site to M in Formula 1.

11. The organometallic compound of claim 1, wherein

L1 in Formula 1 is selected from ligands represented by Formula 2BA:
wherein, in Formula 2BA,
R1 to R3, R11, and b1 are the same as in claim 1,
b5 is an integer selected from 1 to 4,
R12a to R12j are the same as in claim 1 in connection with R12, and
each of * and *′ indicates a binding site to M in Formula 1.

12. The organometallic compound of claim 1, wherein

L1 in Formula 1 is selected from ligands represented by Formulae 2BA-1 to 2BA-5:
wherein, in Formulae 2BA-1 to 2BA-5,
R11 and R12 are each independently selected from
deuterium, —F, a cyano group, a nitro group, —SF5, a methyl group, an ethyl group, an n-propyl group, an isopropyl group, an n-butyl group, an isobutyl group, a sec-butyl group, a tert-butyl group, an n-pentyl group, an isopentyl group, a sec-pentyl group, a tert-pentyl group, an n-hexyl group, an isohexyl group, a sec-hexyl group, a tert-hexyl group, an n-heptyl group, an isoheptyl group, a sec-heptyl group, a tert-heptyl group, an n-octyl group, an isooctyl group, a sec-octyl group, a tert-octyl group, an n-nonyl group, an isononyl group, a sec-nonyl group, a tert-nonyl group, an n-decyl group, an isodecyl group, a sec-decyl group, a tert-decyl group, a methoxy group, an ethoxy group, a propoxy group, a butoxy group, a pentoxy group, a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a cycloheptyl group, a cyclooctyl group, an adamantanyl group, a norbornanyl group, a norbornenyl group, a cyclopentenyl group, a cyclohexenyl group, a cycloheptenyl group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a pyridinyl group, and a pyrimidinyl group;
a methyl group, an ethyl group, an n-propyl group, an isopropyl group, an n-butyl group, an isobutyl group, a sec-butyl group, a tert-butyl group, an n-pentyl group, an isopentyl group, a sec-pentyl group, a tert-pentyl group, an n-hexyl group, an isohexyl group, a sec-hexyl group, a tert-hexyl group, an n-heptyl group, an isoheptyl group, a sec-heptyl group, a tert-heptyl group, an n-octyl group, an isooctyl group, a sec-octyl group, a tert-octyl group, an n-nonyl group, an isononyl group, a sec-nonyl group, a tert-nonyl group, an n-decyl group, an isodecyl group, a sec-decyl group, a tert-decyl group, a methoxy group, an ethoxy group, a propoxy group, a butoxy group, a pentoxy group, a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a cycloheptyl group, a cyclooctyl group, an adamantanyl group, a norbornanyl group, a norbornenyl group, a cyclopentenyl group, a cyclohexenyl group, a cycloheptenyl group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a pyridinyl group, and a pyrimidinyl group, each substituted with at least one selected from deuterium, —F, —CD3, —CD2H, —CDH2, —CF3, —CF2H, —CFH2, a cyano group, a nitro group, a C1-C10 alkyl group, a C1-C10 alkoxy group, a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a cycloheptyl group, a cyclooctyl group, an adamantanyl group, a norbornanyl group, a norbornenyl group, a cyclopentenyl group, a cyclohexenyl group, a cycloheptenyl group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a pyridinyl group, and a pyrimidinyl group and
—B(Q6)(Q7) and —P(═O)(Q8)(Q9),
wherein Q6 to Q9 are each independently selected from
—CH3, —CD3, —CD2H, —CDH2, —CH2CH3, —CH2CD3, —CH2CD2H, —CH2CDH2, —CHDCH3, —CHDCD2H, —CHDCDH2, —CHDCD3, —CD2CD3, —CD2CD2H, and —CD2CDH2;
an n-propyl group, an isopropyl group, an n-butyl group, an isobutyl group, a sec-butyl group, a tert-butyl group, an n-pentyl group, an isopentyl group, a sec-pentyl group, a tert-pentyl group, a phenyl group, and a naphthyl group; and
an n-propyl group, an isopropyl group, an n-butyl group, an isobutyl group, a sec-butyl group, a tert-butyl group, an n-pentyl group, an isopentyl group, a sec-pentyl group, a tert-pentyl group, a phenyl group, and a naphthyl group, each substituted with at least one selected from deuterium, a C1-C10 alkyl group, and a phenyl group,
R1 to R3 are each independently selected from
—CH3, —CD3, —CD2H, —CDH2, —CH2CH3, —CH2CD3, —CH2CD2H, —CH2CDH2, —CHDCH3, —CHDCD2H, —CHDCDH2, —CHDCD3, —CD2CD3, —CD2CD2H, and —CD2CDH2;
an n-propyl group, an isopropyl group, an n-butyl group, an isobutyl group, a sec-butyl group, a tert-butyl group, an n-pentyl group, an isopentyl group, a sec-pentyl group, a tert-pentyl group, a phenyl group, and a naphthyl group; and
an n-propyl group, an isopropyl group, an n-butyl group, an isobutyl group, a sec-butyl group, a tert-butyl group, an n-pentyl group, an isopentyl group, a sec-pentyl group, a tert-pentyl group, a phenyl group, and a naphthyl group, each substituted with at least one selected from deuterium, a C1-C10 alkyl group, and a phenyl group, and
each of * and *′ indicates a binding site to M in Formula 1.

13. The organometallic compound of claim 1, wherein

L2 in Formula 1 is selected from ligands represented by Formulae 3A to 3G:
wherein, in Formulae 3A to 3G,
Y11 to Y16 are each independently C or N, Y11 and Y12 are connected to each other via a single bond or a double bond, Y13 and Y14 are connected to each other via a single bond or a double bond, Y15 and Y16 are connected to each other via a single bond or a double bond,
CY3 to CY5 are each independently selected from a C5-C60 carbocyclic group and a C2-C60 heterocyclic group,
a1 to a3 are each independently an integer selected from 1 to 5, A1 is P or As,
X11a, X11b, X12a, X12b, X13a, and X13b are each independently selected from N, O, N(R34), P(R35)(R36), and As(R37)(R38) (provided that X12a, X12b, X13a, and X13b are neither N nor O),
R33″ and R34″ are each independently selected from a single bond, a double bond, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C5 alkylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C2-C5 alkenylene group, and a substituted or unsubstituted C6-C10 arylene group,
Z1 to Z3, R31, R32a, R32b, R32c, R33a, R33b, R34 to R38, R35a, R35b, R35c, and R35d are each independently selected from hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid or a salt thereof, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C60 alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C2-C60 alkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C2-C60 alkynyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C60 alkoxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C3-C10 cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C10 heterocycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C3-C10 cycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C10 heterocycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C6-C60 aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C6-C60 aryloxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C6-C60 arylthio group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C60 heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, —Si(Q1)(Q2)(Q3), —N(Q4)(Q5), —B(Q6)(Q7), and —P(═O)(Q8)(Q9),
each of * and *′ indicates a binding site to M in Formula 1, and
at least one of substituents of the substituted C1-C5 alkylene group, substituted C2-C5 alkenylene group, substituted C6-C10 arylene group, substituted C1-C60 alkyl group, substituted C2-C60 alkenyl group, substituted C2-C60 alkynyl group, substituted C1-C60 alkoxy group, substituted C3-C10 cycloalkyl group, substituted C1-C10 heterocycloalkyl group, substituted C3-C10 cycloalkenyl group, substituted C1-C10 heterocycloalkenyl group, substituted C6-C60 aryl group, substituted C6-C60 aryloxy group, substituted C6-C60 arylthio group, substituted C1-C60 heteroaryl group, substituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and substituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group is selected from
deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, —CD3, —CD2H, —CDH2, —CF3, —CF2H, —CFH2, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid or a salt thereof, a C1-C60 alkyl group, a C2-C60 alkenyl group, a C2-C60 alkynyl group, and a C1-C60 alkoxy group;
a C1-C60 alkyl group, a C2-C60 alkenyl group, a C2-C60 alkynyl group, and a C1-C60 alkoxy group, each substituted with at least one selected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, —CD3, —CD2H, —CDH2, —CF3, —CF2H, —CFH2, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid or a salt thereof, a C3-C10 cycloalkyl group, a C1-C10 heterocycloalkyl group, a C3-C10 cycloalkenyl group, a C1-C10 heterocycloalkenyl group, a C6-C60 aryl group, a C6-C60 aryloxy group, a C6-C60 arylthio group, a C1-C60 heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, —Si(Q11)(Q12)(Q13), —N(Q14)(Q15), —B(Q16)(Q17), and —P(═O)(Q15)(Q19);
a C3-C10 cycloalkyl group, a C1-C10 heterocycloalkyl group, a C3-C10 cycloalkenyl group, a C1-C10 heterocycloalkenyl group, a C6-C60 aryl group, a C6-C60 aryloxy group, a C6-C60 arylthio group, a C1-C60 heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group;
a C3-C10 cycloalkyl group, a C1-C10 heterocycloalkyl group, a C3-C10 cycloalkenyl group, a C1-C10 heterocycloalkenyl group, a C6-C60 aryl group, a C6-C60 aryloxy group, a C6-C60 arylthio group, a C1-C60 heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, each substituted with at least one selected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, —CD3, —CD2H, —CDH2, —CF3, —CF2H, —CFH2, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid or a salt thereof, a C1-C60 alkyl group, a C2-C60 alkenyl group, a C2-C60 alkynyl group, a C1-C60 alkoxy group, a C3-C10 cycloalkyl group, a C1-C10 heterocycloalkyl group, a C3-C10 cycloalkenyl group, a C1-C10 heterocycloalkenyl group, a C6-C60 aryl group, a C6-C60 aryloxy group, a C6-C60 arylthio group, a C1-C69 heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, —Si(Q21)(Q22)(Q23), —N(Q24)(Q25), —B(Q26)(Q27), and —P(═O)(Q28)(Q29); and
—Si(Q31)(Q32)(Q33), —N(Q34)(Q35), —B(Q36)(Q37), and —P(═O)(Q38)(Q39),
wherein Q1 to Q9, Q11 to Q19, Q21 to Q29, and Q31 to Q39 are each independently selected from hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid or a salt thereof, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C60 alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C2-C60 alkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C2-C60 alkynyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C60 alkoxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C3-C10 cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C10 heterocycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C3-C10 cycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C10 heterocycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C6-C60 aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C6-C60 aryloxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C6-C60 arylthio group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C60 heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group.

14. The organometallic compound of claim 13, wherein

L2 is selected from ligands represented by Formulae 3A, 3B, and 3F,
Y11 in Formula 3A is N,
Y12 to Y14 in Formula 3A is C,
CY3 in Formula 3A is selected from a pyridine, a 5,6,7,8-tetrahydroquinoline, a 5,6,7,8-tetrahydroisoquinoline, a quinoline, and an isoquinoline,
CY4 in Formula 3A is selected from a benzene, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene, a naphthalene, a fluorene, a dibenzofuran, a dibenzothiophene, a benzofuropyridine, and a benzothienopyridine,
Y15 in Formula 3B is C,
Y16 in Formula 3B is N,
CY5 in Formula 3B is a pyridine or a pyrimidine,
Z1 to Z3 in Formulae 3A and 3B are each independently selected from a hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid or a salt thereof, —SF5, C1-C20 alkyl group, and a C1-C20 alkoxy group;
a C1-C20 alkyl group and a C1-C20 alkoxy group, each substituted with at least one selected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, —CD3, —CD2H, —CDH2, —CF3, —CF2H, —CFH2, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid or a salt thereof, a C1-C10 alkyl group, a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a cycloheptyl group, a cyclooctyl group, an adamantanyl group, a norbornanyl group, a norbornenyl group, a cyclopentenyl group, a cyclohexenyl group, a cycloheptenyl group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a pyridinyl group, and a pyrimidinyl group;
a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a cycloheptyl group, a cyclooctyl group, an adamantanyl group, a norbornanyl group, a norbornenyl group, a cyclopentenyl group, a cyclohexenyl group, a cycloheptenyl group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyrrolyl group, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group, an imidazolyl group, a pyrazolyl group, a thiazolyl group, an isothiazolyl group, an oxazolyl group, an isoxazolyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, an isoindolyl group, an indolyl group, an indazolyl group, a purinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, a benzoimidazolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, an isobenzothiazolyl group, a benzoxazolyl group, an isobenzoxazolyl group, a triazolyl group, a tetrazolyl group, an oxadiazolyl group, a triazinyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a benzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, an imidazopyridinyl group, and an imidazopyrimidinyl group;
a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a cycloheptyl group, a cyclooctyl group, an adamantanyl group, a norbornanyl group, a norbornenyl group, a cyclopentenyl group, a cyclohexenyl group, a cycloheptenyl group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyrrolyl group, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group, an imidazolyl group, a pyrazolyl group, a thiazolyl group, an isothiazolyl group, an oxazolyl group, an isoxazolyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, an isoindolyl group, an indolyl group, an indazolyl group, a purinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, a benzoimidazolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, an isobenzothiazolyl group, a benzoxazolyl group, an isobenzoxazolyl group, a triazolyl group, a tetrazolyl group, an oxadiazolyl group, a triazinyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a benzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, an imidazopyridinyl group, and an imidazopyrimidinyl group, each substituted with at least one selected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, —CD3, —CD2H, —CDH2, —CF3, —CF2H, —CFH2, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid or a salt thereof, a C1-C20 alkyl group, a C1-C20 alkoxy group, a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a cycloheptyl group, a cyclooctyl group, an adamantanyl group, a norbornanyl group, a norbornenyl group, a cyclopentenyl group, a cyclohexenyl group, a cycloheptenyl group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyrrolyl group, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group, an imidazolyl group, a pyrazolyl group, a thiazolyl group, an isothiazolyl group, an oxazolyl group, an isoxazolyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, an isoindolyl group, an indolyl group, an indazolyl group, a purinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, a benzoimidazolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, an isobenzothiazolyl group, a benzoxazolyl group, an isobenzoxazolyl group, a triazolyl group, a tetrazolyl group, an oxadiazolyl group, a triazinyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a benzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, an imidazopyridinyl group, and an imidazopyrimidinyl group; and
—Si(Q1)(Q2)(Q3), —N(Q4)(Q5), —B(Q6)(Q7), and —P(═O)(Q8)(Q9),
wherein a1 to a3 are each independently an integer selected from 0 to 4,
from among groups Z1 in the number of a1, groups Z2 in the number of a2, and groups Z3 in the number of a3, two or more neighboring substituents are optionally bonded to form a C5-C30 carbocyclic group or a C2-C30 heterocyclic group,
Q1 to Q9 are each independently selected from
—CH3, —CD3, —CD2H, —CDH2, —CH2CH3, —CH2CD3, —CH2CD2H, —CH2CDH2, —CHDCH3, —CHDCD2H, —CHDCDH2, —CHDCD3, —CD2CD3, —CD2CD2H, and —CD2CDH2;
an n-propyl group, an isopropyl group, an n-butyl group, an isobutyl group, a sec-butyl group, a tert-butyl group, an n-pentyl group, an isopentyl group, a sec-pentyl group, a tert-pentyl group, a phenyl group, and a naphthyl group; and
an n-propyl group, an isopropyl group, an n-butyl group, an isobutyl group, a sec-butyl group, a tert-butyl group, an n-pentyl group, an isopentyl group, a sec-pentyl group, a tert-pentyl group, a phenyl group, and a naphthyl group, each substituted with at least one selected from a deuterium and a C1-C10 alkyl group,
X12a and X12b in Formula 3F is 0, and
R34″ in Formula 3F is selected from
a C2-C5 alkenylene group; and
a C2-C5 alkenylene group, substituted with at least one selected from deuterium, a C1-C10 alkyl group, a C1-C10 alkoxy group, and a phenyl group.

15. The organometallic compound of claim 1, wherein

L2 in Formula 1 is selected from ligands represented by Formulae 3-1(1) to 3-1(60), 3-1(61) to 3-1(69), 3-1(71) to 3-1(79), 3-1(81) to 3-1(88), 3-1(91) to 3- 1(98), 3-111 and 3-112:
wherein, in Formulae 3-1(1) to 3-1(60), 3-1(61) to 3-1(69), 3-1(71) to 3-1(79), 3-1(81) to 3-1(88), 3-1(91) to 3-1(98), 3-111, and 3-112,
Z1, Z2, Z1a, Z1b, Z1c, Z1d, Z2a, Z2b, Z2c, Z2d, R34a, R34b, and R34c are each independently selected from deuterium, —F, a cyano group, a nitro group, —SF5, —CH3, —CD3, —CD2H, —CDH2, —CF3, —CF2H, —CFH2, —Si(Q1)(Q2)(Q3), —N(Q4)(Q5), —B(Q6)(Q7), —P(═O)(Q8)(Q9), ligands represented by Formulae 9-1 to 9-19, and ligands represented by Formulae 10-1 to 10-38,
X1 is O, S, C(Z21)(Z22), or N(Z23),
Z3, Z11 to Z13, and Z21 to Z23 are each independently selected from hydrogen, deuterium, —F, a cyano group, a nitro group, —SF5, —CH3, —CD3, —CD2H, —CDH2, —CF3, —CF2H, —CFH2, —Si(Q1)(Q2)(Q3), —N(Q4)(Q5), —B(Q6)(Q7), —P(═O)(Q8)(Q9), groups represented by Formulae 9-1 to 9-19, and groups represented by Formulae 10-1 to 10-38,
wherein Q1 to Q9 are each independently selected from
—CH3, —CD3, —CD2H, —CDH2, —CH2CH3, —CH2CD3, —CH2CD2H, —CH2CDH2, —CHDCH3, —CHDCD2H, —CHDCDH2, —CHDCD3, —CD2CD3, —CD2CD2H, and —CD2CDH2;
an n-propyl group, an isopropyl group, an n-butyl group, an isobutyl group, a sec-butyl group, a tert-butyl group, an n-pentyl group, an isopentyl group, a sec-pentyl group, a tert-pentyl group, a phenyl group, and a naphthyl group; and
an n-propyl group, an isopropyl group, an n-butyl group, an isobutyl group, a sec-butyl group, a tert-butyl group, an n-pentyl group, an isopentyl group, a sec-pentyl group, a tert-pentyl group, a phenyl group, and a naphthyl group, each substituted with at least one selected from deuterium and a C1-C10 alkyl group,
d2 and e2 are each independently 0 or 2,
e3 is an integer selected from 0 to 3,
d4 and e4 are each independently an integer selected from 0 to 4,
d6 and e6 are each independently an integer selected from 0 to 6,
d8 and e8 are each independently an integer selected from 0 to 8, and
each of * and *′ indicates a binding site to M in Formula 1:
wherein * in Formula 9-1 to 9-19 and 10-1 to 10-38 indicates a binding site to a neighboring atom.

16. The organometallic compound of claim 1, wherein

the organometallic compound is one of Compounds 1 to 288:

17. An organic light-emitting device, comprising:

a first electrode;
a second electrode; and
an organic layer disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode,
wherein the organic layer comprises an emission layer and at least one organometallic compound of claim 1.

18. The organic light-emitting device of claim 17, wherein

the first electrode is an anode,
the second electrode is a cathode,
the organic layer comprises a hole transport region disposed between the first electrode and the emission layer and an electron transport region disposed between the emission layer and the second electrode,
wherein the hole transport region comprises at least one selected from a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, and an electron blocking layer, and
wherein the electron transport region comprises at least one selected from a hole blocking layer, an electron transport layer, and an electron injection layer.

19. The organic light-emitting device of claim 17, wherein the emission layer comprises the at least one organometallic compound.

20. The organic light-emitting device of claim 19, wherein the emission layer further comprises a host, and an amount of the host is greater than an amount of the at least one organometallic compound.

Patent History
Publication number: 20160164012
Type: Application
Filed: Nov 27, 2015
Publication Date: Jun 9, 2016
Inventors: Kum Hee LEE (Suwon-si), Ohyun KWON (Yongin-si), Kyuyoung HWANG (Anyang-si), Yoonhyun KWAK (Seoul), Hyeonho CHOI (Seoul)
Application Number: 14/953,091
Classifications
International Classification: H01L 51/00 (20060101); C09K 11/06 (20060101); C09K 11/02 (20060101); C07F 15/00 (20060101);