IMPUTING KNOWLEDGE GRAPH ATTRIBUTES TO DIGITAL MULTIMEDIA BASED ON IMAGE AND VIDEO METADATA
Techniques are disclosed herein for imputing attributes to multimedia content (e.g., an image or a video) based on metadata of the multimedia content. An analysis tool of a multimedia service platform evaluates content metadata to identify at least a time and a first location at which the content was captured. The time and first location is correlated with a knowledge graph. The knowledge graph stores information describing a plurality of locations, including the first location. The knowledge graph also stores information describing events scheduled to occur at one or more of the plurality of locations. The analysis tool identifies, from the correlated information, one or more of the attributes of the first location to impute to the content. Thereafter, the analysis tool imputes the identified attributes to the content.
This application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/093,372, filed Dec. 19, 2014. The content of the aforementioned application is incorporated by reference in its entirety.
BACKGROUND1. Field
Embodiments of the present disclosure generally relate to data analytics. More specifically, to imputing information from a knowledge graph to an image based on image metadata.
2. Description of the Related Art
Individuals take images to capture personal experiences and events. The images can represent mementos of various times and places experienced in an individual's life.
In addition, mobile devices (e.g., smart phones, tablets, etc.) allow individuals to easily capture both digital images as well as record video. For instance, cameras in mobile devices have steadily improved in quality and are can capture high-resolution images. Further, mobile devices now commonly have a storage capacity that can store thousands of images. And because individuals carry smart phones around with them, they can capture images and videos virtually anywhere.
This has resulted in an explosion of multimedia content, as virtually anyone can capture and share digital images and videos via text message, image services, social media, video services, and the like. This volume of digital multimedia, now readily available, provides a variety of information.
SUMMARYOne embodiment presented herein describes a method for imputing attributes to multimedia content based on the metadata of the content. The method generally includes evaluating content metadata to identify at least a time and a first location at which the content was captured. The method also includes correlating the time and the first location with a knowledge graph. The knowledge graph stores information describing a plurality of locations, including the first location. The knowledge graph also describes events scheduled to occur at one or more of the plurality of locations. The method also includes identifying, from the correlated information, one or more of the attributes of the first location to impute to the content. The identified attributes are imputed to the content.
Other embodiments include, without limitation, a computer-readable medium that includes instructions that enable a processing unit to implement one or more aspects of the disclosed methods as well as a system having a processor, memory, and application programs configured to implement one or more aspects of the disclosed methods.
So that the manner in which the above recited features of the present disclosure can be understood in detail, a more particular description of the disclosure, briefly summarized above, may be had by reference to embodiments, some of which are illustrated in the appended drawings. It is to be noted, however, that the appended drawings illustrate only exemplary embodiments and are therefore not to be considered limiting of its scope, may admit to other equally effective embodiments.
To facilitate understanding, identical reference numerals have been used, where possible, to designate identical elements that are common to the figures. It is contemplated that elements and features of one embodiment may be beneficially incorporated in other embodiments without further recitation.
DETAILED DESCRIPTIONEmbodiments presented herein describe techniques for inferring user interests from metadata associated with digital multimedia (e.g., images and video). Digital multimedia provides a wealth of information valuable to third parties (e.g., advertisers, marketers, and the like). For example, assume an individual takes pictures at a golf course using a mobile device (e.g., a smart phone, tablet, etc.). Further, assume that the pictures are the only indication the individual was at the golf course (e.g., because the individual made only cash purchases and signed no registers). Metadata associated with this image can place the individual at the golf course at a specific time. Further, event data could be used to correlate whether there was going on at that time (e.g., a specific tournament). Such information may be useful to third parties, e.g., for targeted advertising and recommendations.
However, an advertiser might not be able to identify an effective audience for targeting a given product or service based on such information alone. Even if image metadata places an individual at a golf course at a particular point of time, the advertiser might draw inaccurate inferences about the individual. For example, the advertiser might assume that because the metadata places the individual at a high-end golf course, the individual is interested in high-end golf equipment. The advertiser might then recommend other high-end equipment or other golf courses to that individual. If the individual rarely plays golf or does not usually spend money at high-end locations. Such recommendations may lead to low conversion rates for the advertiser. Historically, advertisers have been generally forced to accept low conversation rates, as techniques for identifying individuals likely to be receptive to or interested in a given product or service are often ineffective.
Embodiments presented herein describe techniques for inferring user interests based on metadata of digital multimedia. Specifically, embodiments describe techniques for imputing knowledge graph attributes to digital images and videos using metadata. In one embodiment, a multimedia service platform provides a software development kit (SDK) that third parties may use in mobile applications of third parties (e.g., retailers, marketers, etc.) to access an application programming interface (API) of the platform. The mobile application can use the API to upload images and videos to the platform from a mobile device of a user. Further, the multimedia service platform may identify patterns from metadata extracted from images and videos. The metadata may describe where and when a given image or video was taken. Further, in many cases, embodiments presented herein can identify latent relationships between user interests from collections of image metadata from multiple users. For example, if many users who take pictures at golf courses also take pictures at an unrelated event (e.g., take pictures of a traveling museum exhibit) then the system disclosed herein can discover a relationship between the interests. Thereafter, advertising related to golfing products and services could be targeted to individuals who publish pictures of the travelling museum exhibit, regardless of any other known interest in golf.
In one embodiment, the multimedia service platform evaluates metadata corresponding to each image or video submitted to the platform against a knowledge graph. The knowledge graph provides a variety of information about events, places, dates, times, etc. that may be compared with metadata. For example, the knowledge graph may include weather data, location data, event data, and online encyclopedia data. For instance, attributes associated with an event may include a name, location, start time, end time, price range, etc. The multimedia service platform correlates spatiotemporal metadata from a digital image with a specific event in the knowledge graph. That is, the knowledge graph is used to impute attributes related to events, places, dates, times, etc., to a given digital multimedia file based on the metadata provided with that file.
To build the knowledge graph, a tool extracts unstructured and structured text data from external sources, such as local news and media websites, online event schedules for performance venues, calendars published by schools, government, or private enterprises, online schedules and ticket sales, etc. The tool applies pattern matching and Natural Language Processing (NLP) techniques to recognize relevant content from the text. For example, pattern matching and NLP techniques may be used to identify location, performer, ticket price range, genre, from a calendar of events at a particular venue. In other cases, NLP techniques may be used to derive information about a given location, e.g., that a given physical location is a park, a school, or a ski resort, irrespective of any particular event.
In one embodiment, the multimedia service platform imputes attributes related to events, locations, etc to images captured by users. That is, the multimedia service platform associates attributes of the knowledge graph with images uploaded to the platform by a user. To do so, an analysis tool may retrieve metadata associated with an image or video published to the platform. The analysis tool compares this metadata to identify attributes to associate with the image or video. For example, the analysis tool may determine (from the knowledge graph) that an image was taken during a performance concert hall based on the time and location metadata of the image. The knowledge graph may impute a variety of attributes associated with the event to the image, e.g., a price range for the performance, weather conditions, an audience size, a description of a music or other genera related to the performance (e.g., a rock concert or a Broadway musical), number of users in attendance, etc. In a simpler case, the location of an image metadata may indicate a given activity apart from any scheduled event (e.g., a picture taken on the grounds of a golf course or ski resort). Even in such cases, other inferences (and therefore attributes form the knowledge graph) may be imputed to an image. For example, consider an image with location metadata matching the location of a ski resort. In such a case, different attributes could be imputed depending on the date an image was taken. Thus, in the winter, attributes related to snow sports could be imputed to this image. In contrast, in the summer, attributes related to hiking or mountain biking could be imputed.
In one embodiment, the analysis tool represents attributes imputed to images and videos from a user base in a user-attribute matrix, where each row of the matrix represents a distinct user and each column represents an attribute from the knowledge graph that can be imputed to an image or video. The analysis tool may add columns to the user-attribute matrix as additional attributes are identified. The cells of a given row indicate how many times a given attribute has been imputed to an image or video published by a user corresponding to that row. Accordingly, when the analysis tool imputes an attribute to an image or video (based on the metadata), a value for that attribute is incremented in the user-attribute matrix. Imputing information from the knowledge graph to a collection of images of a given user allows the multimedia service platform to identify useful information about that user. For instance, the analysis tool may identify that a user often attends sporting events, movies, participates in a particular recreational event (e.g., skiing or golf), etc. In addition, the analysis tool may identify information about events that the user attends, such as whether the events are related to a given sports team, whether the events are related to flights from an airport, a range specifying how much the event may cost, etc.
In one embodiment, the analysis tool may identify concepts to associate with a user based on the attributes (or attribute counts) reflected in the user-attribute matrix. A concept may be associated with a set of attributes in the knowledge graph. For example, attributes of “Wrigley Field,” “Chicago Cubs,” “game,” and “Sammy Sosa” may be associated with a “baseball” concept. The analysis tool may determine what concepts to associate with a user. That is, the analysis tool may identify that a user has an interest in a given concept from the attributes in the user-attribute matrix.
Further, the analysis tool may generate an interest taxonomy based on the user-attribute matrix. In one embodiment, an interest taxonomy is a hierarchical representation of user interests based on the concepts. For example, the interest taxonomy can identify general groups (e.g., sports, music, and travel) and sub-groups (e.g., basketball, rock music, and discount airlines) of interest identified from the concepts.
The multimedia service platform may use the interest taxonomy to discover latent relationships between concepts. For example, the multimedia service platform may build a predictive learning model using the interest taxonomy. The multimedia service platform could train the predictive learning model using existing user-to-concept associations. Doing so would allow the multimedia service platform use the model to predict associations for users to other concepts that the user is not currently associated with. Further, the multimedia service platform may map product feeds of third party systems to the user interest taxonomy to identify products to recommend to a given user. Doing so allows advertisers to improve recommendations presented to a given user.
Note, the following description relies on digital images captured by a user and metadata as a reference example of imputing knowledge graph attributes onto those images based on the metadata. However, one of skill in the art will recognize that the embodiments presented herein may be adapted to other digital multimedia that include time and location metadata, such as digital video recorded on a mobile device. Further, an analysis tool may be able to extract additional metadata features from such videos, such as the length of the video, which can be used relative to the techniques described herein.
In one embodiment, the mobile devices 105 include a mobile application 106 which allows users to interact with a multimedia service platform (represented by the ETL server 110 and the application server 115). In one embodiment, the mobile application 106 is developed by a third-party organization (e.g., a retailer, social network provider, fitness tracker developer, etc.). The mobile application 106 may send images 108 and associated metadata to the multimedia service platform. In one embodiment, the mobile application 106 may access APIs exposed by a software development kit (SDK) distinct to the platform.
In another embodiment, the mobile application 106 may access a social media service (application service 116) provided by the multimedia service platform. The social media service allows users to capture, share, and comment on images 108 as a part of existing social networks (or in conjunction) with those social networks. For example, a user can link a social network account to the multimedia service platform through application 106. Thereafter, the user may capture a number of images and submit the images 108 to the social network. In turn, the application 106 retrieves the metadata from the submitted images. Further, the mobile application 106 can send images 108 and metadata to the multimedia service platform. The image service platform uses the metadata to infer latent interests of the user.
In any case, the mobile application 106 extracts Exchangeable Image Format (EXIF) metadata from each image 108. The mobile application 106 can also extract other metadata (e.g., PHAsset metadata in Apple iOS devices) describing additional information, such as GPS data. In addition, the mobile application 106 may perform extract, transform, and load (ETL) operations on the metadata to format the metadata for use by components of the image service platform. For example, the mobile application 106 may determine additional information based on the metadata, such as whether a given image was taken during daytime or nighttime, whether the image was taken indoors or outdoors, whether the image is a “selfie,” etc. Further, the mobile application 106 also retrieves metadata describing application use. Such metadata includes activity by the user on the mobile application 106, such as image views, tagging, etc. Further, as described below, the mobile application 106 provides functionality that allows a user to search through a collection of images by the additional metadata, e.g., searching a collection of images that are “selfies” and taken in the morning.
In one embodiment, the ETL server 110 includes an ETL application 112. The ETL application 112 receives streams of image metadata 114 (e.g., the EXIF metadata, PHAsset metadata, and additional metadata) from mobile devices 105. Further, the ETL application 112 cleans, stores, and indexes the image metadata 114 for use by the application server 115. Once processed, the ETL application 112 may store the image metadata 114 in a data store (e.g., such as in a database) for access by the application server 115.
In one embodiment, an application service 116 communicates with the mobile application 106. In one embodiment, the application server 115 may be a physical computing system or a virtual machine computing instance in the cloud. Although depicted as a single server, the application server 115 may comprise multiple servers configured as a cluster (e.g., via the Apache Spark framework). This architecture allows the application servers 115 to process large amounts of images and image metadata sent from mobile applications 106.
As shown, the application server 115 includes an analysis tool 117, a knowledge graph 118, and a user interest taxonomy 119. In one embodiment, the analysis tool 117 generates the user interest taxonomy 119 based on image metadata 114 from image collections of multiple users. As described below, the user interest taxonomy 119 represents interests inferred from image attributes identified from the knowledge graph 118.
In one embodiment, the knowledge graph 118 includes a collection of attributes which may be imputed to an image. Examples of attributes include time and location information, event information, genres, price ranges, weather, subject matter, and the like. The analysis tool 117 builds the knowledge graph 118 using weather data, location data, events data, encyclopedia data, and the like from a variety of data sources.
In one embodiment, the analysis tool 117 imputes attributes from the knowledge graph 118 to the images 108 based on the metadata 114. That is, the analysis tool 117 may correlate time and location information in image metadata 114 to attributes in the knowledge graph 118. For example, assume that a user captures an image 108 of a baseball game. Metadata 114 for that image 108 may include a GPS, a date, and a time when the image 108 was captured. The analysis tool 117 can correlate this information to attributes such as weather conditions at that time and location (e.g., “sunny”), an event name (e.g., “Dodgers Game”), teams playing at that game (e.g., “Dodgers” and “Cardinals”), etc. The analysis tool 117 associates the imputed attributes with the user who took the image. As noted, e.g., a row in a user attribute matrix may be updated to reflect the imputed attributes of each new image taken by that user. Further, the analysis tool 117 may perform machine learning techniques, such as latent Dirichlet analysis (LDA), to decompose the user-attribute matrix into sub-matrices. Doing so allows the analysis tool 117 to identify concepts, i.e., clusters of attributes. The analysis tool 117 may use the user interest taxonomy 119 to generate product recommendations. The analysis tool 117 may also use the interest taxonomy 119 identify one or more users that may be interested in a product or service. For example, the analysis tool 117 may extract information from a product feed 121 of a third party system 120. In one embodiment, the product feed 121 is a listing of products or services of a third party, such as a retailer. The analysis tool 117 may identify, from the product feed 121, one or more attributes describing each product. For example, a product of a shoe retailer may have attributes such as “shoe,” “running,” “menswear,” and so on. The analysis tool 117 can map the attributes of the product feed 121 with the interest taxonomy 119. Doing so allows the analysis tool 117 to identify products and services from the feed 121 that align with interests in the interest taxonomy. In turn, third parties can target users who may be interested in the identified products and services.
In one embodiment, the search and similarity component 210 infers additional metadata from an image based on the metadata (e.g., spatiotemporal metadata) retrieved by the extraction component 205. Examples of additional metadata include whether a given image was captured at daytime or nighttime, whether the image was captured indoors or outdoors, whether the image was edited, weather conditions when the image was captured, etc. Further, the search and similarity component 210 generates a two-dimensional image feature map from a collection of images captured on a given mobile device 105, where each row represents an image and columns represent metadata attributes. Cells of the map indicate whether an image has a particular attribute. The image feature map allows the search and similarity component 210 to provide analytics and search features for the collection of images captured by a mobile device. For example, a user of the mobile application 106 may search for images on their mobile device which have a given attribute, such as images taken during daytime or taken from a particular location. In turn, the search and similarity component 210 may evaluate the image map to identify photos having such an attribute.
In one embodiment, the log component 215 evaluates the image metadata. For example, the log component 215 records metadata sent to the ETL server 110. Once received, the application 112 performs ETL operations, e.g., loading the metadata into a data store (such as a database). The metadata is accessible by the analysis tool 117.
In one embodiment, the aggregation component 305 receives streams of image metadata corresponding to images captured by users of application 106 by users from the ETL server 110. Once received, the aggregation component 305 organizes images and metadata by user. The metadata may include both raw image metadata (e.g., time and GPS information) and inferred metadata (e.g., daytime or nighttime image, indoor or outdoor image, “selfie” image, etc.). To organize metadata by user, the aggregation component 305 evaluates log data from the ETL server 110 to identify image metadata from different devices (and presumably different users) and metadata type (e.g., whether the metadata corresponds to image metadata or application usage data).
In one embodiment, the scraping component 310 builds (and later maintains) the knowledge graph 118 using any suitable data source, such as local news and media websites, online event schedules for performance venues, calendars published by schools, government, or private enterprises, online schedules and ticket sales. For example, the scraping component 310 may evaluate event websites (e.g., such as calendar and event pages on news and media sites) to identify events that are scheduled to occur in a given area or location.
The scraping component 310 also identifies information about the event, such as event headliner (e.g., name of person, team, or group), time of the event, location of the event, price range of the event, and the like. In one embodiment, the scraping component 310 uses NLP techniques to tokenize raw text from the data sources and perform pattern matching on the tokenized data. For example, pattern matching techniques may be used to identify words and phrases that correspond to event information, e.g., by determining patterns that likely correspond to fields in an event listing (e.g., “Name,” “Date,” etc.). The scraping component 310 determines a set of attributes related to each event to store in the knowledge graph 118.
Further, the scraping component 310 can evaluate sources relating to a location, e.g., public parks, landmarks, museums, and the like. For example, the scraping component 310 may evaluate an art museum website to identify information about the art museum, such as a location, schedule of events, genres of art on display, and the like. In addition, the scraping component 310 can evaluate sources relating to travel, such as websites of airlines and tourist agencies. The scraping component 310 may identify information such as arrival and departure times, schedules, airport names, train station names, and the like.
In one embodiment, the correlation component 315 receives new images taken by a given user. The correlation component 315 compares the image metadata associated with the user with information in the knowledge graph 118. In particular, the component 315 imputes attributes from the knowledge graph 118 to an image based on the time and location information metadata of that image. The correlation component 315 may update a user-to-attribute matrix reflecting what attributes have been imputed to the image. As noted, each row in the user-attribute matrix represents a user and columns represent attributes of the knowledge graph 118. Cells in a row reflect how many times an attribute has been imputed to images taken by the corresponding user.
In one embodiment, to impute attributes from the knowledge graph 118 to a given image, the correlation component 315 evaluates time and location metadata of the image against the knowledge graph 118. The correlation component 315 determines whether the image metadata matches a location and/or event in the knowledge graph. The information may be matched using a specified spatiotemporal range, e.g., within a time period of the event, within a set of GPS coordinate range, etc. In one embodiment, the component 315 may further match the information based on a similarity of metadata of other user photos that have been matched to that event.
For example, assume image metadata indicates the image was taken at 7:14 PM at GPS coordinates generally matching a baseball stadium. The correlation component 315 may evaluate such metadata against the knowledge graph 118 to identify a sporting event occurring at that time and place. The knowledge graph 118 may specify attributes associated with that event, such as names, date, time, price range, weather, venue, and the like. Further, the correlation component 315 may correlate event information based on similarity of images captured by other users.
In one embodiment, if the metadata does not match an event in the knowledge graph 118, the correlation component 315 may identify a location where the image was captured (if listed in the knowledge graph 118) and information related to that location. For example, the correlation component 315 may determine that a given image was captured at an art museum. The correlation component 315 may impute the name of the museum, genres of art exhibited at the museum, as attributes for that image.
In one embodiment, the correlation component 315 maintains a user-attribute matrix. The correlation component 315 populates rows of the matrix with users and columns of the matrix with attributes imputed from the knowledge graph 118 to images captured by that user. As noted, each row represents a user, and each column represents an attribute. Cells of the matrix include a value representing the number of times a given attribute has been observed in the images. When the correlation component 315 identifies an attribute in a given image, the correlation component 315 increments the cell value.
In one embodiment, the taxonomy component 320 evaluates the user-attribute matrix to determine concepts to associate with a given user. As stated, a concept is a cluster of related attributes. The taxonomy component 320 may perform machine learning techniques, such as latent Dirichlet analysis (LDA) to decompose the user-attribute matrix into sub-matrices and derive concepts from user attributes. Such techniques also allow the taxonomy component 320 to identify concept hierarchies and build a user interest taxonomy.
At step 415, the scraping component 310 identifies relevant terms in the tokenized text. For example, relevant terms for an event may include an event name, a date, time, location, key words in a description, and the like. As another example, relevant terms for an event related to a flight schedule would include a departing airport, arrival airport, departure time, arrival time, and the like. The knowledge scraping component 310 may perform NLP pattern matching techniques to do so. The knowledge scraping component 310 builds the knowledge graph 118 from the attributes and event data.
At step 510, the correlation component 315 compares time and location metadata with the event information stored in the knowledge graph 118. That is, the correlation component 315 correlates the time and location metadata to a given location in the knowledge graph 118. Doing so allows the correlation component 315 to identify information associated with that location. For example, for an image captured at a golf course, the correlation component may identify information such as the name of the golf course, type of offerings provided by the golf course, and any information about events taking place at the time the image was taken. The correlation component 315 then determines which attributes to impute to the image based on the information. Once determined, at step 515, the correlation component 315 performs the following for each attribute. At step 520, the correlation component 315 determines whether the attribute is present in the user-attribute matrix. As stated, the correlation component 315 maintains a two-dimensional user-attribute matrix, where each row represents a user and each column represents an attribute. If a column corresponding to an attribute imputed to an image is not present, then the correlation component 315 adds a column for that attribute to the matrix (step 525). If the corresponding column is present, then at step 530, the correlation component 315 increments the value of that attribute in the row of the given user. As stated, the analysis tool 117 may learn one or more concepts by evaluating the user-attribute matrix, e.g., by performing machine learning techniques (e.g., latent Dirichlet allocation, non-negative matrix factorization, etc.) over the user-attribute matrix. The learned concepts form an interest taxonomy, which the analysis tool may use to identify latent interests of a given user.
The CPU 605 retrieves and executes programming instructions stored in the memory 620 as well as stores and retrieves application data residing in the memory 620. The interconnect 617 is used to transmit programming instructions and application data between the CPU 605, I/O devices interface 610, storage 630, network interface 615, and memory 620. Note, CPU 605 is included to be representative of a single CPU, multiple CPUs, a single CPU having multiple processing cores, and the like. And the memory 620 is generally included to be representative of a random access memory. The storage 630 may be a disk drive storage device. Although shown as a single unit, the storage 630 may be a combination of fixed and/or removable storage devices, such as fixed disc drives, removable memory cards, or optical storage, network attached storage (NAS), or a storage area-network (SAN).
Illustratively, the memory 620 includes an application service 622 and an analysis tool 624. The storage 630 includes a knowledge graph 634, and one or more user interest taxonomies 636. The application service 622 provides access to various services of a multimedia service platform to mobile devices. The analysis tool 624 generates a user interest taxonomy 636 based on image metadata of images taken by users.
Further, the analysis tool 624 builds the knowledge graph 634 from external data sources. To do so, the analysis tool 624 performs NLP techniques on the raw text obtained from the data sources to identify relevant terms related to events, moments, weather, etc. Further, the analysis tool 624 may impute information from the knowledge graph 634 images submitted to the multimedia service platform, i.e., associate one or more attributes of the knowledge graph 634 to each image. To do so, the analysis tool 624 may correlate image metadata, e.g., metadata describing spatiotemporal features of the image, with attributes provided in the knowledge graph 634, such as event information, weather, and the like. In addition, the analysis tool 624 generates a user interest taxonomy 636 inferred from the attributes.
The preceding discussion presents a variety of embodiments. However, the present disclosure is not limited to the specifically described embodiments. Instead, any combination of the following features and elements, whether related to different embodiments or not, is contemplated to implement and practice the techniques described herein. Furthermore, although embodiments of the present disclosure may achieve advantages over other possible solutions and/or over the prior art, whether or not a particular advantage is achieved by a given embodiment is not limiting of the present disclosure. Thus, the following aspects, features, embodiments and advantages are merely illustrative and are not considered elements or limitations of the appended claims except where explicitly recited in a claim(s).
Aspects may be embodied as a system, method or computer program product. Accordingly, embodiments may take the form of an entirely hardware embodiment, an entirely software embodiment (including firmware, resident software, micro-code, etc.) or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects that may all generally be referred to herein as a “circuit,” “module” or “system.” Furthermore, embodiments may take the form of a computer program product embodied in one or more computer readable medium(s) having computer readable program code embodied thereon.
Any combination of one or more computer readable medium(s) may be utilized. The computer readable medium may be a computer readable signal medium or a computer readable storage medium. A computer readable storage medium may be, for example, but not limited to, an electronic, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor system, apparatus, or device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing. More specific examples (a non-exhaustive list) of the computer readable storage medium would include the following: an electrical connection having one or more wires, a portable computer diskette, a hard disk, a random access memory (RAM), a read-only memory (ROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or Flash memory), an optical fiber, a portable compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM), an optical storage device, a magnetic storage device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing. In the context of this document, a computer readable storage medium may be any tangible medium that can contain, or store a program for use by or in connection with an instruction execution system, apparatus or device.
The flowchart and block diagrams in the figures illustrate the architecture, functionality and operation of possible implementations of systems, methods and computer program products according to various embodiments presented herein. In this regard, each block in the flowchart or block diagrams may represent a module, segment or portion of code, which comprises one or more executable instructions for implementing the specified logical function(s). In some alternative implementations the functions noted in the block may occur out of the order noted in the figures. For example, two blocks shown in succession may, in fact, be executed substantially concurrently, or the blocks may sometimes be executed in the reverse order, depending upon the functionality involved. Each block of the block diagrams and/or flowchart illustrations, and combinations of blocks in the block diagrams and/or flowchart illustrations can be implemented by special-purpose hardware-based systems that perform the specified functions or acts, or combinations of special purpose hardware and computer instructions.
While the foregoing is directed to embodiments of the present disclosure, other and further embodiments of the disclosure may be devised without departing from the basic scope thereof, and the scope thereof is determined by the claims that follow.
Claims
1. A method for imputing attributes to multimedia content based on metadata of the content, the method comprising:
- evaluating content metadata to identify at least a time and a first location at which the content was captured;
- correlating the time and the first location with a knowledge graph, wherein the knowledge graph stores information describing a plurality of locations, including the first location, and describes events scheduled to occur at one or more of the plurality of locations;
- identifying, from the correlated information, one or more of the attributes of the first location to impute to the content; and
- imputing the identified attributes to the content.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein identified attributes include a name of the first location, an event scheduled to occur at the first location during the time.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the identified attributes further include at least one of a name of the event, a start time of the event, and a price range of the event.
4. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
- for each attribute imputed to the content, updating a user-attribute matrix to reflect the attribute imputed to the content.
5. The method of claim 3, further comprising:
- evaluating the user-attribute matrix to determine at least a first concept, wherein the first concept is determined based on a co-occurrence between one or more attributes in the user-attribute matrix.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the data sources includes at least one of an events source, an online encyclopedia source, and a weather source.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein the time and first location are correlated with the knowledge graph within a specified spatiotemporal range.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein the multimedia content is one of an image or a video.
9. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing instructions, which, when executed on a processor, performs an operation for imputing attributes to multimedia content based on metadata of the image, the operation comprising:
- evaluating content metadata to identify at least a time and a first location at which the content was captured;
- correlating the time and the first location with a knowledge graph, wherein the knowledge graph stores information describing a plurality of locations, including the first location, and describes events scheduled to occur at one or more of the plurality of locations;
- identifying, from the correlated information, one or more of the attributes of the first location to impute to the content; and
- imputing the identified attributes to the content.
10. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 9, wherein identified attributes include a name of the first location, an event scheduled to occur at the first location during the time.
11. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 10, wherein the identified attributes further include at least one of a name of the event, a start time of the event, and a price range of the event.
12. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 9, wherein the operation further comprises:
- for each attribute imputed to the content, updating a user-attribute matrix to reflect the attribute imputed to the content.
13. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 12, wherein the operation further comprises:
- evaluating the user-attribute matrix to determine at least a first concept, wherein the first concept is determined based on a co-occurrence between one or more attributes in the user-attribute matrix.
14. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 9, wherein the data sources includes at least one of an events source, an online encyclopedia source, and a weather source.
15. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 9, wherein the time and first location are correlated with the knowledge graph within a specified spatiotemporal range.
16. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 9, wherein the multimedia content is one of an image or a video.
17. A system, comprising:
- a processor; and
- a memory storing one or more application programs configured to perform an operation for imputing attributes to multimedia content based on metadata of the content, the operation comprising:
- evaluating content metadata to identify at least a time and a first location at which the content was captured;
- correlating the time and the first location with a knowledge graph, wherein the knowledge graph stores information describing a plurality of locations, including the first location, and describes events scheduled to occur at one or more of the plurality of locations;
- identifying, from the correlated information, one or more of the attributes of the first location to impute to the content; and
- imputing the identified attributes to the content.
18. The system of claim 17, wherein identified attributes include a name of the first location, an event scheduled to occur at the first location during the time.
19. The system of claim 18, wherein the identified attributes further include at least one of a name of the event, a start time of the event, and a price range of the event.
20. The system of claim 17, wherein the operation further comprises:
- for each attribute imputed to the content, updating a user-attribute matrix to reflect the attribute imputed to the content.
21. The system of claim 17, wherein the data sources includes at least one of an events source, an online encyclopedia source, and a weather source.
22. The system of claim 17, wherein the time and first location are correlated with the knowledge graph within a specified spatiotemporal range.
23. The system of claim 17, wherein the multimedia content is one of an image or a video.
Type: Application
Filed: Feb 6, 2015
Publication Date: Jul 14, 2016
Inventors: Mohammad SABAH (San Jose, CA), Mohammad Iman SADREDDIN (Santa Clara, CA), Shafaq ABDULLAH (Belmont, CA)
Application Number: 14/616,197
