ORGANIZATION, VISUALIZATION AND UTILIZATION OF GENOMIC DATA ON ELECTRONIC DEVICES
Described herein are methods, devices and systems for simple organization, visualization and use of genome data (e.g. human genome data) on electronic devices (e.g. portable devices). In some embodiments, the data are organized and/or visualized according to phenotype traits, genes, and/or markers in a similar manner to the organization and/or visualization of digital music contents. This concept allows a new procedure for genomic data organization and facilitates the development of genomic data visualization tools. The methods described herein can be implemented with consumer-oriented software on electronic devices, computers, and portable devices, for the use of genomic related data in the field of personalized medicine for predictive, preventive and participative wireless healthcare.
This application is a Continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 13/989,737, filed Oct. 11, 2013, which is a U.S. National Stage Entry of PCT Application Serial No. PCT/US2011/062134, filed Nov. 23, 2011, which claims benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/417,247, filed Nov. 25, 2010, each of is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTIONToday, about 1,800 genetic tests are already on the market and every week between 5 and 10 new genetic tests are introduced. The continuing advent of such tests and the introduction of molecular diagnostics into the healthcare system are profoundly changing how medicine is practiced.
The most popular genomic tests being used today are addressing close to one million genetic markers including gene mutations and polymorphisms. While this is a large amount of data, it is still a small portion of our total genome information. Upcoming breakthrough technologies for genome sequencing are expected provide full genome sequencing at a very low cost (e.g. under $100) in the upcoming years, which should report even more data from 11 million potential markers (e.g., Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms, “SNP”).
In the meantime, healthcare professionals and patients are being confronted with gene annotations and disease pathway data (i.e. ‘omics’ data) that are complex and difficult to identify and understand. Only molecular biology trained professionals are able to read and make use of such complex data sets, which limits access by both patients and clinical professionals. There is a need for improved methods of organizing, visualizing and utilizing genomic data.
Currently, the consulting of ‘omics’ data is made through software designed for molecular biologists or through web interfaces on personal computers. These methods tend to limit the use and sharing of genomic data in everyday life. There is no simple tool for carrying genomic data and sharing this information, including sharing between patients and physicians. There is a need for methods of organizing, visualizing and utilizing genomic data on portable devices.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTIONDescribed herein are new methods, devices and systems for simple organization, visualization and use of genome data (e.g. human genome data) on electronic devices (e.g. portable devices).
One embodiment provides a graphical user interface (GUI) for displaying genomic information on a mobile device, the GUI comprising; a listing of phenotypic traits, diseases, or a combination thereof; a listing of genes; and a listing of genetic markers, wherein the genetic markers comprise metadata comprising: a default map location; a nucleotide UID; and a gene ontology, whereby selecting a phenotypic trait or disease from the list thereof displays a listing of genes and/or genetic markers correlated with the selected phenotypic trait or disease.
Another embodiment provides a GUI wherein the metadata further comprises one or more of: a disease name, a phenotype, a gene name, a protein name, a chromosome, a nucleotide accession, a protein accession, a protein UID, a EC/RN number, a filter, a locus link ID, a MIM, a modification date, a property, a PubMed UID, a taxonomy ID, a text word, and a UniGene cluster number.
Another embodiment provides a GUI wherein the phenotypic traits, diseases, or a combination thereof are represented by images.
Another embodiment provides a GUI wherein the images further comprise genes and/or genetic markers correlated with the phenotypic trait or disease.
Another embodiment provides a GUI wherein the images are scrollable by touching the display of the mobile device with a vertical, horizontal, or circular motion.
Another embodiment provides a GUI wherein the images further comprise an indication when the phenotypic trait or diseases is clinically relevant in an individual.
Another embodiment provides a GUI wherein the indication is a color code.
Another embodiment provides a GUI wherein the genomic information is from an individual person.
Another embodiment provides a GUI wherein the genomic information is obtained from public databases.
Another embodiment provides a GUI wherein the correlations are obtained from public databases and/or scientific literature.
Another embodiment provides a method for displaying genomic information on a mobile device, the method comprising populating a multimedia database viewable by a graphical user interface (GUI) with genomic information in place of multimedia information, whereby operation of the GUI displays genomic information.
Another embodiment provides a method wherein: an album title field is populated with a listing of phenotypic traits, diseases, or a combination thereof; an artist field is populated with a listing of genes; and a title track field is populated with a listing of genetic markers, whereby selecting a phenotypic trait or disease from the list thereof displays a listing of genes and/or genetic markers correlated with the selected phenotypic trait or disease.
Another embodiment provides a method wherein the method, further comprises one or more of: activating an application on the mobile device based on the genomic information; and integrating geolocation information of the mobile device with the genomic information.
Another embodiment provides a genomic information database structure, wherein the container is a phenotypic trait, disease, or combination thereof, and wherein the database further comprises genes, genetic markers, default map locations, nucleotide UID, and gene ontology information.
Another embodiment provides a method for creating a portable genomic dataset for an individual, the method comprising: obtaining a set of genetic markers of the individual in a computer readable format; attributing a probability of expression of one or more phenotypic traits for each genetic marker by comparing each genetic marker with a correlation between the phenotypic trait and the genetic marker in a population of individuals; assembling sets of genetic markers related to each phenotypic trait; optionally calculating the probability of expression of the phenotype; and producing a portable genomics data set comprising only the information about phenotypic traits expected to be expressed by the individual, the relevant genetic markers, and the probability of expression of the phenotypic trait.
Another embodiment provides a portable electronic device configured to display the GUI described herein.
Another embodiment provides a portable electronic device configured to perform the methods described herein.
Another embodiment provides a portable electronic device comprising the genomic information database structure described herein.
Another embodiment provides a portable electronic device encoding the portable genomic dataset described herein.
Another embodiment provides the portable electronic device, wherein the device is a mobile phone, personal digital assistant (PDA), or tablet computer.
Another embodiment provides the use of the methods or the portable electronic devices described herein to schedule a medication dosage regimen, and/or monitor compliance thereof.
Another embodiment provides the use of the methods or the portable electronic devices described herein to share genomic information with medical professionals.
Another embodiment provides the use of the methods or the portable electronic devices described herein to schedule medical appointments or consult medical specialists.
Another embodiment provides the use of the methods or the portable electronic devices described herein to facilitate financial transactions based on genomic information.
Another embodiment provides the use of the methods or the portable electronic devices described herein to predict the efficacy of a drug and/or to predict side-effects of a drug.
Another embodiment provides the use of the methods or the portable electronic devices described herein in combination with geolocation features of the portable electronic device to determine the relative contribution of genetics and environment on a phenotypic trait or disease.
Another embodiment provides the use of the methods or the portable electronic devices described herein by two individuals in order to determine the last common ancestor shared by the individuals.
Another embodiment provides the use of the methods or the portable electronic devices described herein by a male individual and by a female individual in order to determine the probability of phenotypic traits and/or diseases being expressed in the offspring produced by the male and female individuals.
Another embodiment provides a method wherein the genetic markers are single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), micro-satellites, DNA methylation patterns, histone deacetylation patterns, or any combination thereof.
INCORPORATION BY REFERENCEAll publications, patents, and patent applications mentioned in this specification are herein incorporated by reference to the same extent as if each individual publication, patent, or patent application was specifically and individually indicated to be incorporated by reference.
The novel features of the invention are set forth with particularity in the appended claims. A better understanding of the features and advantages of the present invention will be obtained by reference to the following detailed description that sets forth illustrative embodiments, in which the principles of the invention are utilized, and the accompanying drawings of which:
Described herein are methods, devices and systems for simple organization, visualization and use of genome data (e.g. human genome data) on electronic devices (e.g. portable devices). In some embodiments, the data are organized and/or visualized according to phenotype traits, genes, and/or markers in a similar manner to the organization and/or visualization of digital music contents. This concept allows a new procedure for genomic data organization and facilitates the development of genomic data visualization tools. The methods described herein can be implemented with consumer-oriented software on electronic devices, computers, and portable devices, for the use of genomic related data in the field of personalized medicine for predictive, preventive and participative wireless healthcare.
While preferred embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described herein, it will be obvious to those skilled in the art that such embodiments are provided by way of example only. Numerous variations, changes, and substitutions will now occur to those skilled in the art without departing from the invention. It should be understood that various alternatives to the embodiments of the invention described herein may be employed in practicing the invention. It is intended that the following claims define the scope of the invention and that methods and structures within the scope of these claims and their equivalents be covered thereby.
Genomic Data“Genomic” and “genetic” are herein used interchangeably and mean of or relating to genes. Examples of genomic data are phenotypic traits, genes, and genetic markers.
Genomic data are available from public or private databases and academic or commercial diagnostic laboratories. Genomic data can also be obtained by sequencing the entire genome of an individual, or a portion thereof. Suitable methods of DNA sequencing include Sanger sequencing, polony sequencing, pyrosequencing, ion semiconductor sequencing, single molecule sequencing, and the like. Sequenced genomic data can be provided as electronic text files, html files, xml files and various other regular databases formats.
Genomic data includes sequences of the DNA bases adenine (A), guanine (G), cytosine (C) and thymine (T). Genomic data includes sequences of the RNA bases adenine (A), guanine (G), cytosine (C) and uracil (U). Genomic data also includes epigenetic information such as DNA methylation patterns, histone deacetylation patterns, and the like.
“Phenotypic traits” are an organism's observable characteristics, including but not limited to its morphology, development, biochemical or physiological properties, behavior, and products of behavior (such as a bird's nest). Phenotypic traits also include diseases, such as various cancers, heart disease, Age-related Macular Degeneration, and the like.
“Genes” are locatable regions of genomic sequence corresponding to a unit of inheritance, which is associated with regulatory regions, transcribed regions, and or other functional sequence regions. A gene is a molecular unit of heredity of a living organism. Exemplary genes are the CFH gene, C2 gene, LOC387715/ARMS2, and the like.
“Genetic markers” are genes, portions of genes, DNA sequences, and the like that can be used to identify cells, individuals, or species. Genetic markers can be described as genetic variations within a population and may be correlated with phenotypic traits. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (“SNP”) are single DNA base pair changes and are an example of a genetic marker. Exemplary genetic markers include rs1061147, rs547154, rs3750847, and the like.
Organization of Genomic DataIn some embodiments, genomic data are organized according to a new procedure. The procedure consists of substituting digital music information for genomics information.
In one aspect, genomic data are organized and/or visualized using the user interface (“UI”) of existing digital music applications. In other aspects, genomic data are organized and/or visualized using a user interface that is similar to existing digital music applications. The user interface is a simple graphical user interfaces (GUI) in some embodiments. In some embodiments, phenotypic traits are preferably stored and/or viewed as music albums. In other embodiments, phenotypic traits are stored and/or viewed as music artists or music tracks. In some embodiments, genes are preferably stored and/or viewed as music artists. In other embodiments, genes are stored and/or viewed as music albums or music tracks. In some embodiments, genetic markers are preferably stored and/or viewed as music tracks. In other embodiments, genetic markers are stored and/or viewed as music albums or music artists.
One GUI of an existing digital music application suitable for use as described herein is described in U.S. Pat. No. 7,560,637. In one embodiment, the album title field of the database described in U.S. Pat. No. 7,560,637 is populated with phenotypic traits and/or diseases, the artist field of the database described in U.S. Pat. No. 7,560,637 is populated with genes, and the title track field of the database described in U.S. Pat. No. 7,560,637 is populated with genetic markers.
Procedure for Creating a Genomic Data SetIn particular, exemplary steps for organizing genomic data comprise:
1. Obtaining the genotype of a person in the form of an electronic file. The genotype may contain sequences of a limited number of genetic loci or the complete assembly of the genome.
2. Identify the genetic markers associated with phenotypic traits as described in the scientific literature, in databases, in publicly accessible or in institutional databases, in academic or privately held databases, and the like.
3. For each genotypic element retained, attribute a probability of expression of one or more phenotypic traits. These probabilities may be adjusted to the particular ethnic group of the person as derived by the study of pertinent genetic markers contained in the entire genomic dataset.
4. Assemble sets of genetic markers related to each pertinent phenotypic trait and, if necessary, calculate de novo the probability of expression of the phenotype.
5. Produce a new dataset (herein arbitrarily named the “Portable Genomics” data set) containing only the information about phenotypic traits expected to be expressed by the person, the relevant genetic markers and the probability of expression of the phenotypic trait.
Procedure for Organizing Genomic DataIn some embodiments, the Portable Genomics dataset is used to prepare the display of pertinent personal data. In particular, exemplary steps include:
6. Organize genomic data in a database whose structure is similar to digital music databases structure.
7. Store phenotypic traits, genes, or genetic markers but preferentially phenotypic traits, in a music album data field.
8. Store phenotypic traits, genes, or genetic markers but preferentially genes, in an artist data field.
9. Store phenotypic traits, genes, or genetic markers but preferentially genetic markers, in a track data field.
10. Define the phenotypic trait, the gene, or the genetic marker but preferentially the genetic marker as the container for the related fields described in steps (7), (8) and (9).
11. Include genomic information (metadata) to the database. The metadata can be stored in an ID3 format container, as is done with digital music. Metadata fields can be adapted from the digital music world to the genomics field, e.g. by replacing the field dedicated to <<music genre<< with a field dedicated to <<medical category<<, replacing the field <<album cover image<< with a field <<phenotypic trait graphical image<<, and the like.
Procedure for Displaying Genomic DataWith genomic data structured according steps (6), (7), (8), (9), (10), and (11), the use and visualization of genomic data becomes possible on any kind of electronic device that is used to play or visualize digital music, but preferentially phones, smart phones and tablets. The procedure described herein can benefit from consumer based graphical user interfaces that are already available for digital music browsing on these electronic platforms.
In some embodiments, one transfers the database created according steps (6), (7), (8), (9), (10), and (11), to an electronic device, preferentially a phone, a smart phone or a tablet to do any one or more of:
-
- display phenotypic traits, genes, or genetic markers (but preferentially phenotypic traits) as a list of graphical images (similar to digital music album covers), optionally in vertical display mode or horizontal display mode;
- display phenotypic traits, genes, or genetic markers (but preferentially phenotypic traits) as graphical images (similar to digital music album covers), optionally in an horizontal or vertical cover-flow user interface or in an horizontal or vertical carrousel user interface;
- display various information by color coded tags or thumbnails on graphical images, optionally to enable rapid identification of clinically relevant information; and
- trigger wireless operations or actions based on genomic data information.
In some aspects, genetic markers may be obtained from databases such as the NCBI GenBank (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov) or the 1000 Genomes project (http://www.1000genomes.org/).
Use of MetadataIn one aspect, metadata are associated with the genomic information as described herein.
Turning now to
The combined organization of phenotypic traits, genes, and genetic markers allows the use of existing digital music applications user interfaces (UI) and/or the development of simple graphical user interfaces (GUI) for browsing genomic data. In particular, it allows the use of interfaces from the digital music world, like album cover lists, cover-flow browsers, and the like, well known visualization tools in the consumer public. Finally, it brings the possibility of having simple genomic visualization tools on electronic devices, computers and portable devices like smart phones and tablets.
Portable DevicesPortable devices suitable for use in the methods described herein include mobile phones, personal digital assistants (PDAs), tablet computers, and the like. In some embodiments, the portable devices have touch sensitive screens and the graphical user interfaces described herein respond to touch.
Data FlowThis procedure may allow the use of digital music applications and platform infrastructures with minimal modification. Simple images for complex genomic data can be displayed and rapidly identified according their clinical importance with simple colored tag annotations. The visualization of genomic data through graphical images on portable devices may open a new era for the manipulation and use of genomic data in the field of wireless healthcare and personalized medicine.
Accordingly more advantages are to provide an improved concept for genomic data manipulation, to provide new graphical interfaces for the visualization of genomics results and to provide new options for the use of genomic data in personalized medicine. Still further advantages will become apparent from a study of the following description and accompanying drawings.
Uses of the Methods and Portable DevicesThe GUI's, methods and devices described herein can be used by any person including by patients, individuals, medical professionals including doctors, nurses, pharmacists, counselors and the like. The GUI's, methods and devices described herein can be used to schedule a medication dosage regimen, and/or monitor compliance thereof and/or to predict the efficacy of a drug and/or to predict side-effects of a drug. Tailoring dosage regimens to an individual based at least in part on genomic information is an objective of the field of personalized medicine, which may be achieved by practicing the methods described herein.
The GUI's, methods and devices described herein can be used to schedule medical appointments or consult medical specialists. Such a use may be desirable for detecting, preventing and/or treating diseases at an early stage.
The GUI's, methods and devices described herein can be used to facilitate financial transactions based on genomic information. Some goods or services may be priced differentially based on their various utilities to individuals having various genetic markers and/or phenotypes.
Another embodiment provides the use of the methods or the portable electronic devices described herein in combination with geolocation features of the portable electronic device to determine the relative contribution of genetics and environment on a phenotypic trait or disease. Until now, there has been no practical way to parse the relative contributions of genetics and environment. In some embodiments, the portable devices described herein may communicate with a public health authority such as the Centers for Disease Control to monitor in real-time the outbreak of diseases. A system whereby a large number of individuals continually report their locations and genomic information to a central database could identify environmental causes and genetic causes of various diseases.
The methods described herein can be used by at least two individuals, wherein information is shared between the individuals to create yet more embodiments. In one embodiment two individuals share genomic information via portable electronic devices in order to determine the last common ancestor shared by the individuals. In another embodiment, a male individual and a female individual share information via portable electronic devices in order to determine the probability of phenotypic traits and/or diseases being expressed in the offspring produced by the male and female individuals.
Claims
1. A graphical user interface (GUI) for displaying genomic information on a mobile device, the GUI comprising:
- (a) a listing of phenotypic traits, diseases, or a combination thereof;
- (b) a listing of genes; and
- (c) a listing of genetic markers, wherein the genetic markers comprise metadata comprising: (i) a default map location; (ii) a nucleotide UID; and (iii) a gene ontology,
- whereby selecting a phenotypic trait or disease from list (a) displays a listing of genes and/or genetic markers correlated with the selected phenotypic trait or disease.
2. The GUI of claim 1, wherein the metadata further comprises one or more of: a disease name, a phenotype, a gene name, a protein name, a chromosome, a nucleotide accession, a protein accession, a protein UID, a EC/RN number, a filter, a locus link ID, a MIM, a modification date, a property, a PubMed UID, a taxonomy ID, a text word, and a UniGene cluster number.
3. The GUI of claim 1, wherein the phenotypic traits, diseases, or a combination thereof are represented by images.
4. The GUI of claim 3, wherein the images further comprise genes and/or genetic markers correlated with the phenotypic trait or disease.
5. The GUI of claim 3, wherein the images are scrollable by touching the display of the mobile device with a vertical, horizontal, or circular motion.
6. The GUI of claim 3, wherein the images further comprise an indication when the phenotypic trait or diseases is clinically relevant in an individual.
7. The GUI of claim 6, wherein the indication is a color code.
8. The GUI of claim 1, wherein the genomic information is from an individual person.
9. The GUI of claim 1, wherein the genomic information is obtained from public databases.
10. The GUI of claim 1, wherein the correlations are obtained from public databases and/or scientific literature.
11. A method for displaying genomic information on a mobile device, the method comprising populating a multimedia database viewable by a graphical user interface (GUI) with genomic information in place of multimedia information, whereby operation of the GUI displays genomic information.
12. The method of claim 11, wherein:
- (a) an album title field is populated with a listing of phenotypic traits, diseases, or a combination thereof;
- (b) an artist field is populated with a listing of genes; and
- (c) a title track field is populated with a listing of genetic markers,
- whereby selecting a phenotypic trait or disease from list (a) displays a listing of genes and/or genetic markers correlated with the selected phenotypic trait or disease.
13. The method of claim 12, further comprising one or more of:
- (a) activating an application on the mobile device based on the genomic information; and
- (b) integrating geolocation information of the mobile device with the genomic information.
14. A genomic information database structure, wherein the container is a phenotypic trait, disease, or combination thereof, and wherein the database further comprises genes, genetic markers, default map locations, nucleotide UID, and gene ontology information.
15. A method for creating a portable genomic dataset for an individual, the method comprising:
- (a) obtaining a set of genetic markers of the individual in a computer readable format;
- (b) attributing a probability of expression of one or more phenotypic traits for each genetic marker by comparing each genetic marker with a correlation between the phenotypic trait and the genetic marker in a population of individuals;
- (c) assembling sets of genetic markers related to each phenotypic trait;
- (d) optionally calculating the probability of expression of the phenotype; and
- (e) producing a portable genomics data set comprising only the information about phenotypic traits expected to be expressed by the individual, the relevant genetic markers, and the probability of expression of the phenotypic trait.
16. A portable electronic device configured to display the GUI of claim 1.
17. A portable electronic device configured to perform the method of claim 11 or 15.
18. A portable electronic device comprising the genomic information database structure of claim 14.
19. A portable electronic device encoding the portable genomic dataset of claim 15.
20. The portable electronic device of claims 16-19, wherein the device is a mobile phone, personal digital assistant (PDA), or tablet computer.
21. Use of the method of claim 1 or the portable electronic device of claim 20 to schedule a medication dosage regimen, and/or monitor compliance thereof.
22. Use of the method of claim 1 or the portable electronic device of claim 20 to share genomic information with medical professionals.
23. Use of the method of claim 1 or the portable electronic device of claim 20 to schedule medical appointments or consult medical specialists.
24. Use of the method of claim 1 or the portable electronic device of claim 20 to facilitate financial transactions based on genomic information.
25. Use of the method of claim 1 or the portable electronic device of claim 20 to predict the efficacy of a drug and/or to predict side-effects of a drug.
26. Use of the method of claim 1 or the portable electronic device of claim 20 in combination with geolocation features of the portable electronic device to determine the relative contribution of genetics and environment on a phenotypic trait or disease.
27. Use of the method of claim 1 or the portable electronic device of claim 20 by two individuals in order to determine the last common ancestor shared by the individuals.
28. Use of the method of claim 1 or the portable electronic device of claim 20 by a male individual and by a female individual in order to determine the probability of phenotypic traits and/or diseases being expressed in the offspring produced by the male and female individuals.
29. The method of claim 1, wherein the genetic markers are single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), micro-satellites, DNA methylation patterns, histone deacetylation patterns, or any combination thereof.
Type: Application
Filed: Jun 21, 2016
Publication Date: Dec 22, 2016
Inventor: Patrick MEREL (Floirac)
Application Number: 15/188,589