Drivetrain and Transmission for Marine Propulsion Device for Preventing Engine Ingestion of Water
A drivetrain for a marine propulsion device includes an engine driving a crankshaft in a first direction, and a driveshaft connected in torque-transmitting relationship with the crankshaft and supported for rotation about a driveshaft axis. The drivetrain further includes a propeller shaft rotatable about a propeller shaft axis. A gearset and a selector clutch are configured to couple the propeller shaft and the driveshaft to each other in torque-transmitting relationship. A one-way clutch is disposed along the drivetrain upstream of the gearset. The one-way clutch prevents rotation of the crankshaft in a second, opposite direction so as to prevent ingestion of water by the engine via an engine exhaust system.
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The present disclosure relates to drivetrains and transmissions for marine propulsion devices, such as for example outboard motors and/or sterndrives.
BACKGROUNDU.S. Pat. No. 6,960,107, incorporated herein by reference, discloses a transmission for a marine propulsion system that uses a cone clutch in such a way that, when in a forward gear position, torque is transmitted from an input shaft, or driving shaft, to an output shaft, or driven shaft, solely through the cone clutch. When in forward gear position, driving torque between the driving and driven shafts is not transmitted through any gear teeth. When in reverse gear position, torque is transmitted through an assembly of the bevel gears.
U.S. Pat. No. 7,297,036, incorporated herein by reference, discloses a marine transmission in which trailing faces of each of a plurality of gear projections extending axially from a forward gear are provided with a rake angle. This rake angle of each trailing face cooperates with an associated surface of each of a plurality of clutch projections to retain a dog clutch in an axial position relative to the forward gear even during periods when a marine vessel is rapidly decelerating and, as a result, the dog clutch moves into driving relation with the forward gear.
SUMMARYThis Summary is provided to introduce a selection of concepts that are further described below in the Detailed Description. This Summary is not intended to identify key or essential features of the claimed subject matter, nor is it intended to be used as an aid in limiting the scope of the claimed subject matter.
In one example of the present disclosure, a drivetrain for a marine propulsion device includes an engine driving a crankshaft in a first direction, and a driveshaft connected in torque-transmitting relationship with the crankshaft and supported for rotation about a driveshaft axis. The drivetrain further comprises a propeller shaft rotatable about a propeller shaft axis. A gearset and a selector clutch are configured to couple the propeller shaft and the driveshaft to each other in torque-transmitting relationship. A one-way clutch is disposed along the drivetrain upstream of the gearset. The one-way clutch prevents rotation of the crankshaft in a second, opposite direction so as to prevent ingestion of water by the engine via an engine exhaust system.
In another example of the present disclosure, a transmission for a marine propulsion device includes a propeller shaft rotatable about a propeller shaft axis, a forward gear disposed for rotation about the propeller shaft axis, and a reverse gear disposed for rotation about the propeller shaft axis. A driveshaft is supported for rotation about a driveshaft axis, the driveshaft axis being generally perpendicular to the propeller shaft axis. A drive gear is attached for rotation with the driveshaft, and the forward and reverse gears are disposed in meshing relation with the drive gear for rotation in opposite directions from each other about the propeller shaft axis. A selector clutch is attached for rotation with the propeller shaft about the propeller shaft axis and is movable between the forward and reverse gears so as to mesh with one of the forward and reverse gears. A one-way clutch is disposed about the driveshaft. The one-way clutch allows rotation of the driveshaft about the driveshaft axis in a first direction by application of torque from an engine coupled to the driveshaft, and prevents rotation of the driveshaft about the driveshaft axis in a second, opposite direction by application of torque transmitted from the propeller shaft to the drive shaft via the selector clutch, one of the forward and reverse gears, and the drive gear.
The present disclosure is described with reference to the following Figures. The same numbers are used throughout the Figures to reference like features and like components.
In the present description, certain terms have been used for brevity, clarity and understanding. No unnecessary limitations are to be inferred therefrom beyond the requirement of the prior art because such terms are used for descriptive purposes only and are intended to be broadly construed.
Returning to
Those having ordinary skill in the art will recognize that after the engine 12 combusts the above-mentioned fuel/air mixture, exhaust from such combustion is expelled from the cylinders through an exhaust manifold of the engine 12 and thereafter routed through an exhaust system 35 to the propeller hub 24, after which the exhaust is expelled from the propeller hub 24 and into the water in which the marine propulsion device is operating, as shown by the arrows. One example of an exhaust system for a sterndrive is found in U.S. Pat. No. 6,022,254, which is hereby incorporated by reference. One example of an exhaust system for an outboard motor is provided in U.S. Pat. No. 8,540,536, which is hereby incorporated by reference. Such exhaust systems will therefore not be discussed further herein.
One example of a conventional gear set 28 is shown in
It can be seen that rotation of the drive gear 32 by the driveshaft 18 causes continual rotation of both the forward gear 34 and reverse gear 36. The forward and reverse gears 34, 36 rotate in opposite directions, as illustrated by the arrows. A selector clutch 30, shown herein as a dog clutch, but which could be any other type of clutch known to those having ordinary skill in the art for similar purposes, is movable in an axial direction (horizontal in
When an operator of the marine vessel slows down the marine vessel very quickly, water moving by the propeller 27 of the marine propulsion device sometimes causes the propeller 27 to spin at a speed that exceeds the speed of the engine 12. In other words, the propeller 27 and associated propeller shaft 22 spin faster than the crankshaft 14. This is fine under certain circumstances. However, an undesirable situation occurs when the marine propulsion device's transmission 50 is shifted into reverse while the marine vessel is still moving forward in the water. In this case, if the water is moving by the propeller 27 fast enough, torque from the propeller shaft 22 created by the still forward-spinning propeller 27 may cause the driveshaft 18 and crankshaft 14 to slow to a no-rotation condition, and eventually to rotate in an opposite direction than normal, which causes the engine cylinders to act as pumps. The pumping action of the cylinders creates a vacuum, and water is sucked in backwards through the exhaust system 35 via the propeller hub 24. This causes the engine 12 to ingest water, which is very harmful for the engine 12 because it creates a hydrolock of the pistons in the cylinders on the next rotation when the valves are closed. The present inventors have realized that the situation in which the force from the propeller 27 is so great that it slows the crankshaft 14 down, stops it, and turns it the other way can be rectified by addition of a one-way clutch 38 disposed along the drivetrain 10 upstream of the gear set 28. The one-way clutch 38 prevents rotation of the crankshaft 14 in a direction opposite that which is caused by the engine 12 operating under normal conditions, so as to prevent ingestion of water by the engine 12 via the engine exhaust system 35.
An illustration of the above-described situation is discussed with reference to
Prior art systems utilized a ratcheting dog clutch in the position of the selector clutch 30 shown in
Now turning to
As shown in
The one-way clutch 38 could be inserted into and coupled to the gearcase 52 in different ways. In one example, the one-way clutch 38 is seated directly within a driveshaft passageway 66 extending through the gearcase 52 along the driveshaft axis 20. This type of system could be used if the driveshaft passageway 66 is defined by a gearcase 52 made of a hard metal, such as steel. In another example, if the gearcase 52 is made of a softer metal such as aluminum, the one-way clutch 38 may comprise an outer raceway that is keyed to an inner surface of the driveshaft passageway 66. Either the inner surface of the driveshaft passageway 66 or the inner diameter of the outer raceway (as the case may be) provides a jamming surface for a component of the one-way clutch 38 that wedges between the jamming surface and the outer surface of the driveshaft 18 in only one direction of rotation but not the other. This jamming action thereby prevents the driveshaft 18 from turning in a direction opposite that which would normally be imposed by the engine 12. Examples will be described with reference to
Turning to
Turning to
Placement of the one-way clutch 38 in the gearcase 52, as shown in
In the above description, certain terms have been used for brevity, clarity, and understanding. No unnecessary limitations are to be inferred therefrom beyond the requirement of the prior art because such terms are used for descriptive purposes and are intended to be broadly construed. The different systems and method steps described herein may be used alone or in combination with other systems and methods. It is to be expected that various equivalents, alternatives and modifications are possible within the scope of the appended claims.
Claims
1. A drive train for a marine propulsion device, comprising:
- an engine driving a crankshaft in a first direction;
- a driveshaft connected in torque-transmitting relationship with the crankshaft and supported for rotation about a driveshaft axis;
- a propeller shaft rotatable about a propeller shaft axis;
- a gear set and a selector clutch configured to couple the propeller shaft and the driveshaft to each other in torque-transmitting relationship; and
- a one-way clutch disposed along the drive train upstream of the gear set, the one-way clutch preventing rotation of the crankshaft in a second, opposite direction so as to prevent ingestion of water by the engine via an engine exhaust system;
- wherein the one-way clutch is disposed about the driveshaft in a driveshaft passageway that extends through a gearcase of the marine propulsion device;
- wherein the gearcase is made of one of steel and aluminum;
- wherein, when the gearcase is made of aluminum, the one-way clutch comprises an outer raceway that is keyed to an inner surface of the driveshaft passageway, and an inner surface of the outer raceway provides a jamming surface for a plurality of wedging elements of the one-way clutch; and
- wherein, when the gearcase is made of steel, the one way-clutch is seated directly in the driveshaft passageway, and the inner surface of the driveshaft passageway provides the jamming surface for the plurality of wedging elements of the one-way clutch.
2-4. (canceled)
5. The drive train of claim 1, wherein the marine propulsion device is a sterndrive.
6. The drive train of claim 1, wherein the marine propulsion device is an outboard motor.
7. (canceled)
8. The drive train of claim 1, wherein the gear set comprises:
- a forward gear disposed for rotation about the propeller shaft axis;
- a reverse gear disposed for rotation about the propeller shaft axis; and
- a drive gear attached for rotation with the driveshaft, the forward and reverse gears being disposed in meshing relation with the drive gear for rotation in opposite directions from each other about the propeller shaft axis;
- wherein the selector clutch is attached for rotation with the propeller shaft about the propeller shaft axis and movable between the forward and reverse gears so as to mesh with one of the forward and reverse gears.
9. The drive train of claim 1, wherein the one-way clutch comprises a sprag-type clutch and the plurality of wedging elements comprises sprags.
10. The drive train of claim 1, wherein the one-way clutch comprises a roller-type clutch and the plurality of wedging elements comprises rollers.
11. A transmission for a marine propulsion device, comprising:
- a propeller shaft rotatable about a propeller shaft axis;
- a forward gear disposed for rotation about the propeller shaft axis;
- a reverse gear disposed for rotation about the propeller shaft axis;
- a driveshaft supported for rotation about a driveshaft axis, the driveshaft axis being generally perpendicular to the propeller shaft axis;
- a drive gear attached for rotation with the driveshaft, the forward and reverse gears being disposed in meshing relation with the drive gear for rotation in opposite directions from each other about the propeller shaft axis;
- a selector clutch attached for rotation with the propeller shaft about the propeller shaft axis and movable between the forward and reverse gears so as to mesh with one of the forward and reverse gears; and
- a one-way clutch disposed about the driveshaft in a driveshaft passageway that extends through a gearcase of the marine propulsion device, the one-way clutch allowing rotation of the driveshaft about the driveshaft axis in a first direction by application of torque from an engine coupled to the driveshaft, and preventing rotation of the driveshaft about the driveshaft axis in a second, opposite direction by application of torque transmitted from the propeller shaft to the driveshaft via the selector clutch, one of the forward and reverse gears, and the drive gear;
- wherein the gearcase is made of one of steel and aluminum;
- wherein, when the gearcase is made of aluminum, the one-way clutch comprises an outer raceway that is keyed to an inner surface of the driveshaft passageway, and an inner surface of the outer raceway provides a jamming surface for a plurality of wedging elements of the one-way clutch; and
- wherein, when the gearcase is made of steel, the one way-clutch is seated directly in the driveshaft passageway, and the inner surface of the driveshaft passageway provides the jamming surface for the plurality of wedging elements of the one-way clutch.
12-13. (canceled)
14. The transmission of claim 11, wherein the one-way clutch is located in an upper half of the gearcase.
15. The transmission of claim 14, wherein the one-way clutch is located directly below an upper surface of the gearcase that is configured to be coupled to a driveshaft housing of the marine propulsion device.
16-17. (canceled)
18. The transmission of claim 11, wherein the marine propulsion device is an outboard motor.
19. The transmission of claim 11, wherein the one-way clutch comprises a sprag-type clutch and the plurality of wedging elements comprises sprags.
20. The transmission of claim 11, wherein the one-way clutch comprises a roller-type clutch and the plurality of wedging elements comprises rollers.
Type: Application
Filed: Jan 6, 2015
Publication Date: Mar 16, 2017
Applicant: BRUNSWICK CORPORATION (Lake Forest, IL)
Inventors: Bernard E. Ritger (Fond du Lac, WI), Steven J. Gonring (Slinger, WI), Thomas F. Nickols (Oakfield, WI)
Application Number: 14/590,360