SHALLOW WELL-DRILLING APPARATUS
A portable, shallow well-drilling apparatus is described. The apparatus is lightweight, modular, and easy to transport to and assemble at a remote drill site. The apparatus includes a generally rectangular frame having a plurality of multi-segment support beams in spaced relation extending vertically from a lower base to a top cap, no component of which exceeds five feet in length, a winch assembly attached to the frame, and a motor removably mounted on the frame and slidable up and down the beams via the winch assembly. The apparatus further includes a transmission removably coupled to the motor, and a drill pipe assembly removably coupled to the transmission.
The present application claims the benefit under 35 U.S.C. §119(e) of U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 62/278,061 to Harold E. Patterson, filed Jan. 13, 2016, pending. The entire contents of this provisional application is hereby incorporated by reference herein.
BACKGROUNDField
The example embodiments in general are directed to a well-drilling rig configured in a miniature, lightweight profile for ease of transportation, assembly, and storage, and more particularly to a modular, transportable, shallow well-drilling apparatus adapted to drill wells up to 300 feet in depth so as to reach an underground aquifer.
Related Art
The Centers for Disease Control & Prevention, in a June 2015 online publication entitled “Global Water, Sanitation & Hygiene (WASH)”, which may be found at the link http://www.cdc.gov/healthywater/global/wash_statistics.html, states that worldwide, 780 million people do not have access to an improved water source. An improved water source may be understood as a source that provides safe drinking water, examples being a piped household water connection, a public standpipe, a borehole, a protected dug well, a protected spring, and rainwater collection. Namely, these people only have access to unimproved drinking water sources such as an unprotected dug well, an unprotected spring, surface water (i.e., a river, dam, lake, pond, stream, canal, and/or an irrigation channel), vendor-provided water (e.g., a cart with small tank/drum, tanker truck), and bottled water.
Moreover, due to a lack of safe drinking water, the CDC estimates that approximately 2.5 billion people lack access to improved sanitation (more than 35% of the world's population). According to the World Health Organization (WHO) and UNICEF, regions with the lowest coverage of “improved” sanitation in 2006 (see for example the link http://www.cdc.gov/healthywater/global/assessing.html) were sub-Saharan Africa (31%), Southern Asia (33%) and Eastern Asia (65%). In 2006, 7 out of 10 people without access to improved sanitation were rural inhabitants.
As evident from
This WHO report further notes that worldwide, millions of people are infected with neglected tropical diseases (NTDs), many of which are water and/or hygiene-related, such as Guinea Worm Disease, Buruli Ulcer, Trachoma, and Schistosomiasis. These diseases are most often found in places with unsafe drinking water, poor sanitation, and insufficient hygiene practices. For example, trachoma is the world's leading cause of preventable blindness and results from poor hygiene and sanitation. Approximately 41 million people suffer from active trachoma and nearly 10 million people are visually impaired or irreversibly blind as a result of trachoma. Trachoma infection can be prevented through increased facial cleanliness with soap and clean water, and improved sanitation. The report further states that water, sanitation and hygiene has the potential to prevent at least 9.1% of the global disease burden and 6.3% of all deaths
A 2005 publication by Lenton, et al. of the UN Millennium Project Task Force on Water & Sanitation reports that improved water sources reduce diarrhea morbidity by 21%; improved sanitation reduces diarrhea morbidity by 37.5%; and the simple act of washing hands at critical times can reduce the number of diarrhea cases by as much as 35%. Improvement of drinking-water quality, such as point-of-use disinfection, would lead to a 45% reduction of diarrhea episodes.
Therefore, improved water sources are critically needed on a global scale. Perhaps the most cost effective way to create a clean drinking source for these populations is to provide shallow protected wells (approx. 50 to 300 feet in depth from ground surface). These wells have a borehole and piping that penetrate deeper than at least about 20 feet (to avoid accessing unclean surface or groundwater). However, as much of these 780 million people live in undeveloped areas, such a well must be easily built and maintained, utilizing simple but effective well-drilling technologies.
Harry L. Westmoreland, Jr. of Sugarland, Tex. was the inventor of one of the first known portable water well-drilling rigs in the early 1990's, currently sold as the LS-100 mud rotary drill rig by Lone Star Drills and manufactured by Little Beaver Inc. out of Livingston, Tex.
The suction and settling pits 22, 24 are typically dug about 7-10 feet away from the well guide hole 15 so that, when the well is finished, the resultant pump pad does not need to be built on the unstable filled-in pits 22, 24. These pits 22, 24 collectively should have at least three times the volume of the borehole 50 being drilled, each pit being approximately 2 ft. deep, 2 ft. wide and 3-4 ft. long, with the long axis parallel to the direction of flow. Next a first channel 25 is dug between the well guide hole 15 and the settling pit 24, and a second return ditch 26 between the two pits 22, 24. A mud pump 30 is then set between the drill rig 10 and the suction mud pit 22. The pump 30 includes a high pressure suction hose 31, and feed hose 33 which ports high pressure drilling fluid 27 from the suction pit 22 down a swivel between the transmission and drill pipe 13, along the drill pipe 13 so as to remove debris associated with drilling operations to form the borehole 50. This debris drains off via channel 25 and ditch 26 into the settling pit 24 and suction pit 22; a drain hose 35 ports excess drilling fluid 27 into the settling pit 24.
The drill rig 10 is then erected over the guide hole 15 and leveled on boards 19 (such as 2″×6″ planks), with the hoses 31, 33, 35 over the pits 22, 24, and with table legs 16 arranged parallel to the return ditch 26 between the mud pits 22, 24. Guy ropes 40 are attached between the drill mast 18 and the ground in a triangular fashion and tightened. Next, the drill head is raised up the mast 18 so as to permit ease of starting the LS-100 engine 11 in an idle position. Once running, the drill head is raised additionally to a sufficient height to allow the installation of a drill pipe 13 section with the drill bit 14 secured to an end thereof, and the drilling process may commence.
The borehole 50 is drilled by rotating the bit 14 at the end of drill pipe 13. Borehole 50 cuttings are removed by continuous circulation of a drilling fluid 27 from suction pit 22 as the bit 14 penetrates the formation. One end of a drill pipe 13 is connected to the LS-100 engine 11. Drilling fluid 27 is pumped down through the hollow drill pipe 13 using the centrifugal pump (mud pump 30) to the drill bit 14. The fluid 27 flows upward in the annular space between the drill pipe 13 and the borehole 50 to the surface, where it is channeled via channel 25 into the settling pit 24 so that most of the cuttings drop out. Used drilling fluid 27 from the settling pit 24 overflows via ditch 26 into the suction pit 22. Relatively clean drilling fluid 27 from the suction pit 22 is then pumped back through the drill pipe 13 and the cycle repeats. Water is added as necessary to top-up the pits 22, 24.
In very hard rock, a drilling rate of about 30-150 cm/hr (1-5 ft/hr) can be expected. The drill string (connected drill pipe stems 13 and bit 14) are left at the bottom of the borehole 50 and the drilling fluid 27 continues circulating until all cuttings are removed from the borehole 50. This cleaning process is increasingly important as the hole 50 is deepened: if not fully done in the manner described, cuttings may settle to the bottom of the borehole 50 and make it impossible to add another length of drill pipe 13, causing the borehole 50 to cave-in or plug-up or the drill bit 14 to jamb. The deeper the drill depth, the longer it takes the cuttings to be removed from the borehole 50.
After about a 10 cm (4 in) “pilot” borehole 15 is completed to a desired depth, the drilling fluid 27 circulates another 10 minutes to remove as much cuttings as possible from the well. Next, the drill head is raised until a slip clamp on the drill table 16 can be engaged at a coupling of the next length of drill pipe 13 with the mud pump 30 turned off.
Once the borehole 50 has penetrated the aquifer and flowrate is determined acceptable, a larger reamer bit may replace or be added behind the drill bit 14, and the borehole 50 is re-drilled to widen it. While this is being done, the screen interval, length of casing, volume of gravel pack, grout, etc. can be planned, materials cut to size, etc. This is helpful to do since time is of the essence when the drill pipe 13 and bit 14 are pulled from the completed borehole 50 and the screen and casing installed.
After the operator has decided to stop drilling, the drilling fluid 27 is allowed to circulate for another 10 minutes to remove as much cuttings as possible from the well. Then the “mud” is circulated out of the borehole 50 by replacing it with fresh (clean) water. The drill piping 13 and bit 14 are then removed, with the bit 14 rotating and water circulating, so the surface of the borehole 50 remains smooth. The casing, gravel pack, annular seal, cement pad and hand pump can then be installed.
While this drill rig 10 has been employed many times in various developing countries, there have been several problems. First, mechanical breakdowns at the drill site and a limited ability to purchase replacement parts for drill rig 10 in their country have made sustaining the well extremely difficult for these native peoples. Also, and assuming the drill rig 10 was donated to the local populace, each drilled well typically cost at least $2,000, namely because a vehicle was often required to transport the rig 10 to the drill site and oil and fuel were needed to operate the equipment. This cost is typically a sum well beyond the means of the local community to make this a self-sustaining project. Thus, in many of these remote areas, the number of times that a well could be drilled with drill rig 10 were typically limited to a couple of times per year. Further, the actual purchase price costs of a complete LS-100 drill rig package may be prohibitive for many outreach and humanitarian programs, with a starting cost of at least $9,000.00 USD.
Moreover, difficulties with the LS-100 have been encountered when drilling the pilot borehole 15 where the formation consisted primarily of fine to coarse sand, or where the first 10 feet or so of the borehole 50 consisted of hard rock (laterite), which was difficult to penetrate. Often, after breaking through the hard rock layer, there were fractures in the formation below the laterite, which resulted in a loss of drilling fluid 27 to the formation and difficulties in keeping the drilling fluid 27 in the borehole 50 for the drilling process.
Another prior art well-drilling rig is the “Village Drill”, a human-powered drill rig with a purchase cost of $18,000.00 USD.
In a basic drilling operation to dig the borehole for the well, the Kelly bar 146 is positioned above the wheel 116. As the drill cuts, the Kelly bar 146 and pipe 128 will lower until the top of the Kelly bar 146 is level with the top of the wheel hub 160. Then a winch operator lifts the pipe 128 until the slip plate (not shown) can fit under a coupler (not shown) between sections of pipe 128 and over legs of the base 120. After unthreading the Kelly bar 146 from the drill pipe 128, the Kelly bar 146 is raised until it reaches the top of the cantilever beam 126. Then a new three-foot pipe section of pipe 128 may be fit between the Kelly bar 146 and the top of the previous section of pipe 128, as is known, and threaded onto the pipe 128 (such as by a pipe wrench) using the coupler, and then onto the Kelly bar 146. Then the pipe 128 is lifted slightly until the slip plate is removed so drilling can continue.
Unfortunately, the cost of the Village Drill is substantially more than even that of the LS-100, and may have similar problems regarding replacement parts and difficultly in sandy and hard rock layer conditions. As such, those people living in undeveloped areas need another option for building and maintaining the well with ease, utilizing simple but effective well-drilling technologies with minimal cost and ease of replacement parts.
SUMMARYAn example embodiment of the present invention is directed to a well-drilling apparatus. The apparatus includes The apparatus includes a generally rectangular frame having a plurality of multi-segment support beams in spaced relation extending vertically from a lower base to a top cap, no component of which exceeds five feet in length, a winch assembly attached to the frame, and a motor removably mounted on the frame and slidable up and down the beams via the winch assembly. The apparatus further includes a transmission removably coupled to the motor, and a drill pipe assembly removably coupled to the transmission.
Another example embodiment is directed to a well-drilling apparatus having a frame, the weight of which does not exceed 175 pounds, a winch assembly attached to the frame, and a motor removably mounted on the frame and slidable up and down the frame via the winch assembly. The apparatus further includes a transmission removably coupled to the motor, and a drill pipe assembly removably coupled to the transmission.
Another example embodiment is directed to a well-drilling apparatus having a frame, a winch assembly attached to the frame, and a motor removably mounted on the frame and slidable up and down the frame via the winch assembly. The apparatus further includes a transmission removably coupled to the motor, and a drill pipe assembly removably coupled to the transmission. The weight of the apparatus does not exceed 650 pounds.
Example embodiments will become more fully understood from the detailed description given herein below and the accompanying drawings, wherein like elements are represented by like reference numerals, which are given by way of illustration only and thus are not limitative of the example embodiments herein.
In the following description, certain specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of various example embodiments of the disclosure. However, one skilled in the art will understand that the disclosure may be practiced without these specific details. In other instances, well-known structures associated with manufacturing techniques have not been described in detail to avoid unnecessarily obscuring the descriptions of the example embodiments of the present disclosure.
Unless the context requires otherwise, throughout the specification and claims that follow, the word “comprise” and variations thereof, such as “comprises” and “comprising,” are to be construed in an open, inclusive sense, that is, as “including, but not limited to.”
Reference throughout this specification to “one example embodiment” or “an embodiment” means that a particular feature, structure or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment is included in at least one embodiment. Thus, the appearances of the phrases “in one example embodiment” or “in an embodiment” in various places throughout this specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment. Further, the particular features, structures or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more example embodiments.
As used in this specification and the appended claims, the singular forms “a,” “an,” and “the” include plural referents unless the content clearly dictates otherwise. The term “or” is generally employed in its sense including “and/or” unless the content clearly dictates otherwise.
As used in the specification and appended claims, the terms “correspond,” “corresponds,” and “corresponding” are intended to describe a ratio of or a similarity between referenced objects. The use of “correspond” or one of its forms should not be construed to mean the exact shape or size. In the drawings, identical reference numbers identify similar elements or acts. The size and relative positions of elements in the drawings are not necessarily drawn to scale.
The example embodiments hereafter describe a portable, shallow well-drilling apparatus that is lightweight, modular, and easy to transport to and assemble at a remote drill site. In reference to
Apparatus 200 further includes a stabilizer assembly 230 which is configured to secure the apparatus 200 to a ground surface at a drill site preparation for drilling operations. A removable motor 248 supported within a motor mount 241 of the motor assembly 240 is removably coupled to a transmission 250, which in turn is connected to a hollow drill pipe swivel 280 that is configured to be operatively connected to the drill pipe assembly 290, namely to a female end/coupling 293 of a 1″ OD steel drill pipe stem 291 (
In apparatus 200, the total weight of the frame 210 alone does not exceed 175 pounds, and the total weight of the apparatus 200 does not exceed 650 pounds. Additionally, as the apparatus 200 is erected from smaller, modular components, such facilitates transport of all components thereof within a single shipping container that does not exceed five (5) feet in length and three (3) feet in width. To achieve this, none of the constituent components of apparatus 200, inclusive of the support beams 212 and pipe stems 291, exceeds five (5) feet in length.
As will be shown in further detail below, apparatus 200 is configured to create at least a 1″ diameter borehole 205 up to 300 feet in depth from the ground surface, so as to breach an underground aquifer. In one example, apparatus 200 is configured to create a borehole 205 depth in a range of about 50 to 300 feet, so as to reach an underground fresh water source below a lowest depth of groundwater, which as noted above is about 20 feet below ground surface. Further, the frame 210 is extremely robust, as each of the base 211, top cap 213 and support beams 212 are formed of a plurality of welded elongate schedule 40 steel sections having a pipe wall thickness of at least 0.25″.
The base 211 is composed of a plurality of welded-together truncated square-shape steel tubing sections, whereby tubing sections 214A are 2.5″×2.5″ square steel tubing, and cross-tube section 214B is formed of 2″×2″ square steel tubing. The base 211 further includes three (3) truncated steel support collars 215 (2.375″×3″ steel tubing), each adapted to receive a lower and of a corresponding support beam 212. Each collar 215 includes a hole 216 that aligns with the corresponding hole in the support beam 212, with the beam 212 being secured to the collar 215 via a fastener (not shown) secured therethrough. The support beams 212 are composed of a plurality of connected segments 217 (
The stabilizer assembly 230 includes a plurality of outriggers 231, each outrigger 231 secured at one end to the base 211. As best shown in
Referring to
Pump assembly 260 includes a hi-strength 2″ OD suction hose hooked up to the inlet of mud pump 263, and a 1¼″ high pressure feed hose 264 connected between the pump 263 outlet and a to a hollow connector element 285 that is welded to the drill swivel 280 (
The ratchet arm assembly 270 includes a connected 271 for attachment to the drill swivel 280, with an arm 272 attached thereto and a handle 273. The ratchet arm assembly 270 has idle and lock positions, see lock 274. The drill pipe assembly includes a plurality of connectable pipe stems 291 with coupling/female ends 293 for attachment to one another's male end 292 or to the threaded portion 281 of the drill swivel 280.
Referring now to
The drilling operation May Be explained with reference to
The example embodiments having been described, it is apparent that such have many varied applications. For example, the example embodiments may be applicable but not limited to connection to various devices, structures and articles.
The present invention, in its various embodiments, configurations, and aspects, includes components, systems and/or apparatuses substantially as depicted and described herein, including various embodiments, sub-combinations, and subsets thereof. Those of skill in the art will understand how to make and use the present invention after understanding the present disclosure. The present invention, in its various embodiments, configurations, and aspects, includes providing devices in the absence of items not depicted and/or described herein or in various embodiments, configurations, or aspects hereof, including in the absence of such items as may have been used in previous devices, e.g., for improving performance, achieving ease and\or reducing cost of implementation.
The foregoing discussion of the invention has been presented for purposes of illustration and description. The foregoing is not intended to limit the invention to the form or forms disclosed herein. In the foregoing Detailed Description for example, various features of the invention are grouped together in one or more embodiments, configurations, or aspects for the purpose of streamlining the disclosure. The features of the embodiments, configurations, or aspects of the invention may be combined in alternate embodiments, configurations, or aspects other than those discussed above. This method of disclosure is not to be interpreted as reflecting an intention that the claimed invention requires more features than are expressly recited in each claim. Rather, as the following claims reflect, inventive aspects lie in less than all features of a single foregoing disclosed embodiment, configuration, or aspect. Thus, the following claims are hereby incorporated into this Detailed Description, with each claim standing on its own as a separate preferred embodiment of the invention.
Moreover, though the description of the invention has included description of one or more embodiments, configurations, or aspects and certain variations and modifications, other variations, combinations, and modifications are within the scope of the invention, e.g., as may be within the skill and knowledge of those in the art, after understanding the present disclosure. It is intended to obtain rights which include alternative embodiments, configurations, or aspects to the extent permitted, including alternate, interchangeable and/or equivalent structures to those claimed, whether or not such alternate, interchangeable and/or equivalent structures disclosed herein, and without intending to publicly dedicate any patentable subject matter.
Claims
1. A well-drilling apparatus, comprising:
- a generally rectangular frame having a plurality of multi-segment support beams in spaced relation extending vertically from a lower base to a top cap, no component of which exceeds five feet in length,
- a winch assembly attached to the frame,
- a motor removably mounted on the frame and slidable up and down the beams via the winch assembly,
- a transmission removably coupled to the motor, and
- a drill pipe assembly removably coupled to the transmission.
2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein total weight of the frame alone does not exceed 175 pounds.
3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein total weight thereof does not exceed 650 pounds.
4. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the apparatus is modular so as to facilitate transport of all components thereof within a single shipping container that does not exceed five feet in length and three feet in width.
5. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the apparatus is configured to create at least a 1″ diameter borehole up to 300 feet in depth from the ground surface so as to breach an underground aquifer.
6. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the apparatus is configured to create a borehole depth in a range of about 50 to 300 feet so as to reach an underground fresh water source below a lowest depth of groundwater.
7. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein each of the base, top cap and support beams are formed of a plurality of elongate schedule 40 steel sections having a wall thickness of at least 0.25″.
8. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a stabilizer assembly for securing the frame of the apparatus to a ground surface, the stabilizer assembly further including:
- a plurality of steel outrigger sections connected at one end to the base,
- a plurality of screw jacks, each securing the other end of a corresponding outrigger to the ground surface, and
- a pair of comealongs secured between the motor assembly and ground surface.
9. The apparatus of claim 8, the stabilizer assembly further including:
- a plurality of rebar elements adapted to be inserted through the base into the ground surface, and
- a pair of coiled auger pins, each pin attached to a distal end of a corresponding comealong and adapted to be screwed into the ground surface.
10. A well-drilling apparatus, comprising:
- a frame, the weight of which does not exceed 175 pounds,
- a winch assembly attached to the frame,
- a motor removably mounted on the frame and slidable up and down the frame via the winch assembly,
- a transmission removably coupled to the motor, and
- a drill pipe assembly removably coupled to the transmission.
11. A well-drilling apparatus, comprising:
- a frame,
- a winch assembly attached to the frame,
- a motor slidable up and down the frame via the winch assembly,
- a transmission removably coupled to the motor, and
- a drill pipe assembly removably coupled to the transmission, wherein total weight of the apparatus does not exceed 650 pounds.
Type: Application
Filed: Jan 3, 2017
Publication Date: Jul 13, 2017
Applicant: NORTHEAST TEXAS DISASTER RESPONSE, INC. (SCROGGINS, TX)
Inventor: HAROLD E. PATTERSON (SCROGGINS, TX)
Application Number: 15/397,120