DEVICE FOR THE THERMAL POST-COMBUSTION OF EXHAUST AIR
A device for the post-combustion of exhaust air, comprises a burner, which has a fuel nozzle, and a burner cone and which protrudes in a raw-gas chamber, into an exhaust-air flow of exhaust air to be treated at least by the burner cone of the burner. The burner cone has a one- or a multi-part wall, which wall surrounds the pre-mixing chamber and has one or more wall segments. The fuel nozzle comprises an opening of at least one fuel outlet for discharging fuel into the pre-mixing chamber. The wall bounding the pre-mixing chamber outwardly on the lateral side has a structure such that the pre-mixing chamber formed in the interior of the wall opens in the downward direction in the manner of a funnel on at least one cone longitudinal segment symmetrically to an axis of symmetry defining the axial direction of the burner. The burner cone comprises, in at least one longitudinal segment of the cone longitudinal segment of the wall, which cone longitudinal segment opens in the manner of a funnel, a plurality of tangential inlet openings in order for exhaust air surrounding the burner cone to enter the pre-mixing chamber tangentially.
This application is the U.S. national phase, under 35 U.S.C. §371, of PCT/EP2015/055385, filed Mar. 16, 2015; published as WO 2015/140085A1 on Sep. 24, 2015 and claiming priority to De 10 2014 205 200.9, filed Mar. 20, 2014, the disclosures of which are expressly incorporated herein by reference.
FIELD OF THE INVENTIONThe present invention relates to a device comprising an industrial system and a post-combustion device. The device is provided in an exhaust air stream of the industrial system for the post-combustion of exhaust air in the exhaust air stream. The device is separate from the industrial system and is disposed downstream of that system. The post-combustion device comprises a burner which is a fuel nozzle and a burner cone, and which protrudes, at least with its burner cone, in a raw gas chamber into exhaust air of the exhaust air stream to be treated that is coming from the system upstream. The burner cone has a single-part or a multi-part wall that surrounds a premix chamber. The fuel nozzle comprises an opening of at least one fuel outlet for discharging fuel into the premix chamber. A wall that bounds the premix chamber outwardly, on the lateral side, has a structure such that the premix chamber, which is formed inside the wall, opens up, in the downstream direction, in the manner of a funnel on at least one longitudinal cone segment, symmetrically to an axis of symmetry that defines the axial direction of the burner.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTIONA brochure entitled “CleanAir Exhaust Air Purification Systems”, published by KBA MetalPrint and dated March 2008, in the section relating to the “thermal exhaust air purification TNV” process, describes a device for the thermal post-combustion of exhaust air having a burner, the burner cone of which opens up in the manner of a funnel in the axial direction of the burner toward the downstream cone opening. The burner is arranged with at least the burner cone in a chamber situated upstream of a combustion chamber, and is surrounded by exhaust air to be treated. A tube bundle heat exchanger that exchanges thermal energy with the purified gas stream is provided in the exhaust gas stream flowing upstream of the burner.
DE 37 38 141 A1 discloses a burner, the burner cone of which encompasses a fuel nozzle tube. The wall segment of the cone, which opens up in the shape of a frustoconical shroud, is equipped with through-openings, through which exhaust gas can flow from a channel that surrounds the cone and conducts the exhaust gas into the interior of the cone. Parallel to this, exhaust gas flows through an annular gap that is formed between the combustion chamber faceplate and the cone into the combustion chamber. To prevent any damage that may result from overheating, the burner cone is made of what is known as engineering ceramics, in particular silicon infiltrated silicon carbide.
DE 196 54 009 A1 discloses a cone burner which has a burner cone comprising two partial conical shell-shaped bodies that are offset from one another radially at their end sections, as viewed in the circumferential direction, and thereby form tangential inlet openings for combustion air. In the region of the cylindrical beginning part of the cone, liquid fuel is preferably atomized via a nozzle into the cone interior. In the region of the tangential inlet openings, gaseous fuel is also preferably injected via nozzles through radially inwardly directed openings in the wall of the partial body, into the combustion air that is flowing in tangentially. The evaporation inside the premix chamber of the liquid fuel that has been injected through the nozzle can be supported by preheating the infed combustion air or by enriching said combustion air with recycled exhaust gas.
DE 41 13 681 A1 and DE 195 45 310 A1 disclose burner embodiments similar to that of DE 196 54 009 A1, however in DE 41 13 681 A1 the radial injection into the tangential inlet openings is carried out via radially directed openings in feed conduits that extend parallel to the inlet openings. In this case as well, a recirculation of a certain quantity of the exhaust gas into the supplied fresh air to produce the combustion air may prove advantageous when used with gas turbine groups or atmospheric combustion installations. In DE 195 45 310 A1, the burner cone is formed by a plurality of partial conical shell-shaped bodies, in the description of one embodiment, four such bodies. The conical axes of the conical partial shells lie along a common cone axis, resulting in a straight conical lateral surface line that is interrupted by inlet channels.
DE 195 45 309 A1 discloses a premix burner for use with a gas turbine group, for example, and having two partial conical bodies, between which slot-like tangential inlet openings are formed for the inlet of compressed combustion air that is produced in a compressor. Gaseous fuel is injected in the region of the tangential inlet slots. At partial load, if operation is no longer guaranteed solely by the injection in the region of the slots, fuel is additionally injected via a nozzle through a feed lance in the region of the backflow zone, thereby avoiding any pulsation between full-load and partial-load operation. In a hollow space between the lance tube that delimits the feed lance and the fuel tube arranged coaxially therein, combustion air flows to the lance tip, which leads to the area of the backflow zone.
CH 684 962 A5 discloses a burner for operating an internal combustion engine, a combustion chamber of a gas turbine group, or a combustion installation, having a burner cone which is likewise formed by partial conical bodies, in which fuel is injected in the region of the tangential inlet slots. If necessary, in addition to being introduced tangentially, axial combustion air may be introduced downstream of the ignition electrodes into the hollow conical space.
DE 102 05 428 A1 relates to a burner for a heat generating system. Flow restrictors are provided in the outlet opening of the burner.
WO 2006/048405 A1 also relates to a burner for a heat generating system. On the outlet side of the burner cone, internal attachments that form transition channels are provided in the flow path of the exiting combustion gas stream.
U.S. Pat. No. 6,599,121 B2 relates to a burner for a turbo power machine having a plurality of conical partial shells, in which, in the slots that are formed between said partial shells, combustion air is provided with fuel and is introduced tangentially into the cone interior. To stabilize the burner in terms of fluid mechanics, in at least one circumferential section a cross-sectional tapering is provided at some points along the axial profile of the conical flow by appropriate shaping or internal attachments that deform the flow profile. The circumferential section that has a tapering cross-section extends at an angle of 2° to 45°, especially 5° to 15°, in relation to the burner axis in the last one-third of the burner cone downstream.
EP 0629817 A2 discloses a combustion system that consists substantially of a combustion chamber with a premix burner. In said system, flue gas that is produced during the combustion of fuel is passively recirculated. The burner cone comprises two tangential inlets, formed by the offset of two conical partial bodies, for the inlet of combustion air. Fresh air is fed to the burner axially in the base region and radially in the cone region, as a tangential flow that draws flue gas along with it into the interior of the burner by virtue of the suctioning effect of jet injectors. Fuel nozzles are provided in the region of the tangential inlets.
DE 100 22 969 A1 relates to a burner for operating a unit for generating a hot gas, comprising a burner cone formed by two conical partial bodies in a fan-like arrangement. To reduce the amplitudes of thermoacoustic oscillations, a plurality of flow restrictors project into the flow. The flow restrictors are preferably provided at the burner outlet and are particularly advantageously also provided along the tangential air openings. Openings for the infeed of fuel may also be provided in the region of the tangential air openings.
EP 0 780 630 A2 relates to a burner for a heat generator. The burner comprises a conical swirl generator and a fuel nozzle. The burner cone comprises two tangential inlets, formed by the offset of two conical partial bodies, for the inlet of combustion air. The combustion air may be enriched with recirculated exhaust gas for preheating. In the region of the fuel nozzle tip, openings are provided, arranged radially or quasi-radially, through which a scavenging air flows into the cross-section, which is determined by the size of the fuel nozzle.
JP 2004 053 048 A discloses a premix burner in which, in a front wall that bounds the cone on the base side, axial bores appear to be provided, which lead on the other side into a pilot mixed gas line. The cone comprises apertures through which a main fuel gas mixture flows from the outside into the cone interior.
US 2007/0254254 A1 relates to a conical cyclonic oxidizing burner, in which hydrocarbon-containing gas obtained from a pyrolysis unit is fed to the side of the burner that has a smaller cross-section. Fuel, e.g. in the form of propane, can be fed via hoses to the interior of the conical burner basket in the region of the cone wall. Also provided in the wall of the conical burner basket are rings of openings, on the inner sides of which dampers are provided for generating a cyclonic flow. These measures, optionally along with a fan source that can be used to generate a circular flow in the combustion chamber surrounding the burner basket, are designed to generate a cyclonic flame on the inner wall of the burner basket.
DE 198 48 661 A1 relates to a thermal post-combustion system in which a burner is arranged with its cone in the exhaust gas stream. Openings are provided in the conical shroud, through which the exhaust air flows into the cone interior. To form a swirling flow, the openings located farthest downstream are equipped with elements that project inward for directing the flow of exhaust air.
GB 1 276 199 A also relates to a thermal post-combustion system for polluted exhaust air, which has a burner cone arranged in the exhaust air stream and comprising radial air openings.
EP 0 436 113 A1 discloses a burner for a combustion system, to which flue gas that is recirculated from the burner is fed, in addition to fresh air.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTIONThe object of the present invention is to provide a device that comprises an industrial system and a post-combustion device.
The object is achieved according to the invention by the provision of the burner cone having, in at least one longitudinal segment of the longitudinal cone segment of the wall, which longitudinal cone segment opens up in the manner of a funnel, a plurality of tangential inlet openings in order for exhaust air surrounding the burner cone to enter the premix chamber tangentially, the inlet opening being formed by a fan-like arrangement of a plurality of wall segments.
The advantages that can be achieved with the invention consist in particular in that it enables a particularly effective and energy-efficient post-combustion of exhaust air, which nevertheless meets high standards in terms of residual pollutants.
High efficiency is promoted, for example, by preheating the exhaust air that will be post-combusted to temperatures, e.g. of >500° C. and/or by directing the flow of the exhaust air and/or fuel in a way that is advantageous to a premixing of the exhaust air to be purified with the fuel gases.
For the embodiment of a post-combustion device, it is therefore particularly advantageous, e.g. for the exhaust air that will be purified to be preheated in conjunction, preferably in conjunction with a burner designed specifically for that purpose.
Overheating and damage to the burner wall are prevented, for example, by a specific direction of the flow of air in the burner or burner cone that has no negative impact on mixing and hence on the effectiveness of post-combustion. By means of a tangential air inlet and/or an air inlet entering predominantly axially close to the conical shroud on the bottom side, and/or a specific actual or effective taper, for example in an angle range for the opening angle ranging, e.g. from 10° to 30°, in particular from 14° to 24°, or in an angle range for the slope of the cone wall of the effective inner or actual cone ranging, e.g. from 5° to 15°, in particular from 7° to 12°, a cushion of inlet air is generated or maintained on the inner wall of the burner cone, so that the flame is generated in an “air basket” that is formed in this manner.
An embodiment of the burner cone having tangential air inlet openings can be particularly advantageous for the formation of a swirling flow—which, e.g. stabilizes the flame despite any additional radial inlet of air that may occur. These air inlet openings can preferably be formed by configuring the burner cone shroud or at least a portion thereof as a radially symmetrical, in particular a fan-like and/or rotated arrangement of a plurality of wall segments, e.g. more than two, preferably four, of a wall embodied as comprising a single part, or preferably multiple parts.
The formation of the air basket that protects the wall against excessively high temperatures can advantageously result from, or can at least be promoted by radial air inlet openings in the wall and/or in particular by an air inlet proceeding from the bottom and/or by the conical shape.
In an advantageous embodiment in which the flow of inlet air proceeds from the bottom and is directed along the wall, i.e. an annular lateral flow that forms the air basket, an advantageous refinement involves this inlet air flowing in between the bottom-side end face of the conical shroud and an additional annular guide element, e.g. guide plate, which encompasses the end-face burner nozzle profile.
For the purpose of forming the air basket, as an alternative to the above, or preferably in addition to the axial flow of inlet air and/or in addition to the swirling flow and/or in addition to the preferred conical geometry, i.e. the shell-like structure and/or the taper, radial air inlet openings, for example as injector openings, may be provided in the conical shroud. The degree of openness of the injector openings, or of some of the injector openings, may be variable to allow the air flow and the flow of air along the shell to be adjusted.
Mixing and hence the effectiveness of post-combustion can be improved, solely or even in conjunction with the axial inlet air stream and/or the swirling flow and/or the shell-like cone structure and/or the taper and/or the radial air inlet openings in the region of the downstream end of the cone, by means of flow restrictors that project into the space surrounding the burner cone on its exterior, close to or in the plane of the outlet opening of the burner cone. This improvement is achieved particularly in conjunction with the annular flow along the shroud, which must be broken up at the end of the cone and swirled with the remaining flow of inlet air.
Particularly in addition to the axial inlet air stream and/or the swirling flow and/or the shell-like cone structure and/or the taper and/or the radial air inlet openings and/or the flow restrictors, the burner cone may also comprise a cover plate on the downstream side, by means of which a necessary pressure difference is produced inside the cone and/or tangential inlet openings are closed.
The burner and the post-combustion device are embodied to function together, for example, such that when the burner is operated, the exhaust air is heated to a temperature level of >600° C., in particular greater than 650° C., preferably >700° C., e.g. about 750° C., at which the pollutants, e.g. hydrocarbons, react with the oxygen from the exhaust air to produce CO/CO2 and water.
Exhaust air is understood here, for example, as exhaust air streams or exhaust gas streams that contain, e.g. a significant hydrocarbon load and/or a hydrocarbon load that is above the limits allowable in Germany, for example. For example, the exhaust gas stream or exhaust air stream to be treated and/or surrounding the burner cone contains at least 5 g/m3 hydrocarbon compounds.
In an advantageous refinement of the post-combustion device, an exchange of heat is provided in the purified gas stream, by means of which thermal energy can be released in a fluid stream for a process or for heating the system that emits the exhaust air to be purified.
Embodiment examples of the invention are illustrated in the set of drawings and will be specified in greater detail in the following.
The drawings show:
A device 01 for the thermal aftertreatment, in particular for the post-combustion of a gaseous fluid stream 02, for example contaminated with pollutants, e.g. a post-combustion device 01, comprises a burner 04 that can be or is operated using liquid or preferably gaseous fuel 03, in particular a cone burner 04 comprising a fuel infeed 07, e.g. fuel nozzle 07, and what is known as a burner cone 06, with at least the burner cone 06 of said cone burner projecting into and/or being arranged in the flow path of the fluid stream 02, in particular the exhaust air stream 02, to be treated. The preferably gaseous fuel 03, e.g. natural gas, propane or LPG, can be fed into the space surrounded by the burner cone 06 via fuel nozzle 07 (see, e.g.
For the sake of simplicity—unless otherwise specifically distinguished in the relevant passage—the term “exhaust air” used for the gaseous fluid to be purified is understood both as a fluid actually in the form of a process exhaust air or “cold exhaust gas” and as a “hot” exhaust gas, in particular as a fluid in the form of combustion exhaust gas to be treated thermally by post-combustion, or as a fluid stream 02 in the form of an exhaust air or exhaust gas stream 02. The “exhaust air” that has not yet been thermally aftertreated by post-combustion, also referred to as raw gas, comes, for example, from a system 12, in particular an industrial system, situated on the upstream side (or even upstream) of the device 01 with respect to the exhaust air to be treated. For example, this air that is actually in the form of exhaust air, e.g. in the form of indoor air or process exhaust air that is contaminated with pollutants, comes from a room in an industrial plant or from a process of a system 12 embodied as a production and/or processing system 12, or this air in the form of combustion exhaust gas comes from a combustion chamber of a system 12 embodied as a combustion system 12.
During thermal aftertreatment, the exhaust air that is loaded with pollutants is heated by an open flame, and oxidizable pollutants, such as hydrocarbons, are oxidized at high temperatures, e.g. temperatures >600° C., in particular greater than 650° C., preferably >700° C. For example, hydrocarbons are oxidized to carbon dioxide and water. The oxygen required for this process is entrained and/or supplied, for example, as a constituent of the raw gas to be purified. Unlike burner systems that are used for generating power, in this case burner 04 is not specifically charged, e.g. with—in particular compressed—ambient air (i.e., a gas mixture typical of low-pollution purified air), and is instead located in an atmosphere or environment formed by exhaust air and having a hydrocarbon concentration, e.g. of at least or greater than 0.5 g/m3 (25° C., 1,013 mbar), in particular of at least 1.0 g/m3. In other words, in addition to the fuel on the raw gas side 03, only an exhaust air which is contaminated with pollutants but which carries an oxygen fraction of, e.g. at least 5%, preferably at least 10%, and has a hydrocarbon load of at least 0.5 g/m3 is fed to burner 04.
Downstream of the post-combustion process, a purified gas stream 08 comprising the thermally aftertreated raw gas stream 02 exits the post-combustion device 01.
In a first embodiment of post-combustion device 01 which is least complex and not explicitly shown here, burner 04 or the burner cone 06 thereof can protrude directly into a pipe segment of a pipeline that discharges the exhaust air stream 02 of system 06, or can be provided in such a pipe segment. This pipe segment can be widened in the form of a chamber in terms of its cross-section in relation to an intake segment of the pipeline on the raw gas side and an outlet segment of the pipeline on the purified gas side.
In an embodiment that is preferable with respect to handling and/or modularity and/or efficiency, burner 04 is part of a device 01 configured as an independent post-combustion unit 01, and projects with at least burner cone 06 into a raw gas chamber 09 that conducts the exhaust air to be treated in the interior of unit 01. Raw gas chamber 09 that surrounds burner cone 06 is connected downstream to a combustion chamber 11, with a downstream outlet opening 13 of burner cone 06 leading to the inlet opening of said combustion chamber, and with the combustion chamber having one or more parallel outlet openings 14; 16 for the outlet of the post-combusted purified gas from combustion chamber 11.
The inlet opening of combustion chamber 11 and burner cone 06, at the level of outlet opening 13, are dimensioned and arranged relative to one another, e.g. such that between the edge of burner cone 06 that defines its external periphery on the outlet side and the edge of a combustion chamber wall 17 on the inlet side, in particular the end-face side, that defines the inlet opening, an inlet gap 18 is formed, through which raw gas is able to flow out of raw gas chamber 09 and into combustion chamber 11 on a direct path, i.e. without first passing into a premix chamber of the burner cone 06, formed in the interior of burner cone 06. This inlet gap 18 can be embodied as a freely open inlet gap 18 that extends continuously around the periphery—if appropriate with the exception of supporting and/or retaining elements arranged between burner cone 06 and combustion chamber 11—or as a freely open inlet gap that extends in total, e.g. over a total angle range of at least 270°, preferably at least 300° of the circumference. The plane of the inlet opening into combustion chamber 11 and the plane of the outlet opening 13 of burner cone 06 need not, but may coincide. However, they may also be spaced from one another, parallel to one another and in the axial direction of burner 04, so that the cross-sectional area of the gap encircling the burner cone edge, which is planar when these two planes coincide, forms a frustoconical shroud-like area if the two planes are offset axially.
The fluid stream or exhaust air stream 02 to be purified can be fed as a raw gas stream 02 to raw gas chamber 09 provided inside post-combustion unit 01, in particular to a raw gas inlet 19 of post-combustion unit 01, on the upstream side or the raw gas side, from system 03 via an appropriate pipeline.
In a simple variant, raw gas inlet 16 can lead directly into the raw gas chamber 09 surrounding burner cone 06.
In a variant that is advantageous in terms of power, however, the flow is fed into raw gas chamber 09 via a flow path along a route segment through a flow cross-section 21 that is bounded on at least one side by the exterior of a combustion chamber wall 22, in particular a longitudinal combustion chamber wall 22. For the preferred case of a cylindrical combustion chamber 11 and a cylindrical shell 23, e.g. outer shell 23 of post-combustion unit 01, which surrounds the combustion chamber 11 concentrically, at least over the length of combustion chamber 11, flow cross-section 21 may be formed as an annular gap 21 over at least one path segment. This annular gap can be embodied as a freely open flow cross-section that extends over the entire circumference of the circular ring—with the exception of any supporting and/or retaining elements that may be provided between combustion chamber 11 and shell 23—or, e.g. as a freely open cross-section that occupies a total of at least 80%, preferably at least 90% of the uninterrupted area of the circular ring. As exhaust air of the exhaust air stream 02 that will be post-combusted further downstream flows along combustion chamber outer wall 22, it can absorb energy in the form of heat by way of a heat exchange with combustion chamber outer wall 22.
In place of, or preferably in addition to a heat exchange with combustion chamber outer wall 22, a heat exchanger 24 for recuperative heat exchange, e.g. embodied as a tube bundle heat exchanger 24 having a plurality of pipes 26 configured for parallel flow, can be provided in the raw gas path, upstream of raw gas chamber 09, preferably upstream of the e.g. annular flow cross-section 21 that extends along combustion chamber outer wall 22, which heat exchanger is or can be used for an exchange of heat between the already post-combusted hot, purified gas of the purified gas stream 08 and the raw gas of the raw gas stream 02 that has yet to be purified. In principle, heat exchanger 24 can be embodied as a separate unit disposed upstream of device 01, or preferably as structurally integrated into post-combustion unit 01 and disposed downstream of raw gas inlet 19 in the flow path.
In this case, in principle, the raw gas either can be conducted within the tubes 22 of heat exchanger 24 or, preferably, can bypass the tubes 26 of heat exchanger 21 on their exterior. Conversely, the purified gas can bypass the tubes 26 of heat exchanger 21 on their exterior, or can preferably be conducted within the parallel tubes 22 of heat exchanger 24 to a common collection and discharge chamber 27, before the purified gas stream 08 exits device 01 through a purified gas outlet 28.
In the advantageous embodiment illustrated, the unpurified exhaust air is conducted through the tube bundle of heat exchanger 24 in the cross-flow/counter-flow. The exhaust air is preheated and flows within the outer annular gap 21 around combustion chamber 11 to the opposite end of combustion chamber 11, where it is deflected toward burner 04. In an advantageous embodiment described in greater detail below, one portion of the exhaust air flows from the side and/or from the upstream end face through burner 04 itself, and thereby also serves as a source of oxygen for combustion in the burner 04, while another portion flows past burner 04 passing through inlet gap 18, which is annular, for example, into combustion chamber 11. The two parts are then mixed with the hot, combusted exhaust air/gas mixture from burner cone 06 to a target temperature of, e.g. >700° C., e.g. 720° C. to 750° C. The pollutant gases (primarily hydrocarbons) contained in the uncombusted exhaust air then burn in the combustion chamber to CO2 and water, as soon as they reach the desired reaction temperature. Advantageously, the turbulence in combustion chamber 11 and the dimensions of the geometric configuration thereof are such that the residence time in combustion chamber 11, e.g. at least 0.5 seconds, is sufficient to cause the fractions of residual CO, NOx and uncombusted hydrocarbon concentrations to drop below legally permitted levels. The combusted, purified exhaust air then flows out through the tubes of heat exchanger 24 and gives up a large portion of its heat to the unpurified exhaust air flowing behind it.
In addition to tubes 26 of heat exchanger 24, a bypass route 29—e.g. extending centrally—may be provided, the flow-through rate of which can be adjusted remotely, for example by means of a control means 34, for example, an actuating drive 34, via an adjusting element 31, e.g. an adjustable damper 31. This allows the heating of the raw gas, for example, to be varied within limits.
For conveying the raw gas that will be post-combusted through post-combustion device 01, a gas conveying means 32, e.g. a conveying means embodied as a ventilator, a compressor or a pump, can be provided in post-combustion device 01 or in the tubing that conducts the raw gas stream 02 leading to post-combustion device 01.
In an embodiment of post-combustion device 01 that is provided in place of or preferably in addition to heat exchanger 24, or in an exhaust air treatment system that comprises device 01, downstream of the post-combustion device 01, which is preferably embodied with or optionally without heat exchanger 24, a heat recovery device 33 can be provided in the flow path of purified gas stream 08. In principle, heat recovery may be based on any technology, but is preferably embodied as recuperative, with a recovery of the heat via a heat exchanger 36 between the still hot, purified gas stream 08 and a fluid of a heat exchanger fluid stream 37 on the usable heat side, e.g. a heating fluid cycle 37. Although the heat recovery device 33 may, in principle, likewise be structurally integrated into the post-combustion device 01 configured as unit 01, if provided it is preferably embodied as an independent unit 33 situated downstream of post-combustion device 01 in a system for exhaust air treatment. For example, the output of heat can be variable, for example, over the flow route by remote actuation via a control means 38, for example, an actuating drive 38, by means of a control element 39, e.g. a system of adjustable dampers 39. This allows the temperature of the purified gas stream 08′ exiting the heat recovery device 33, which gas will be discharged downstream, for example, into the environment via, e.g. a chimney 41, to be varied within limits. This may be necessary in order to maintain the prescribed dew point limit for the chimney vent.
For the aforementioned embodiments and variants of the device 01 for thermal post-combustion and/or exhaust air treatment comprising the post-combustion device 01, the burner 04 embodied as a cone burner 04 according to the invention is configured in a variant described in the following as having one or more of the particularly advantageous features set forth in the following.
The term “burner cone” 06 as used herein does not refer to a cone as a body in a geometric sense having a regular and e.g. uninterrupted surface of revolution on the lateral side, and instead—as is customary in the context of cone burners—refers to a single-part or multi-part component comprising a single-part or multi-part conical shroud 43, hereinafter also referred to as wall 43 or wall structure 43, optionally interrupted outwardly by air through-openings, and laterally bounding a premix chamber 42, the cross-sectional area of which opens up in the manner of a funnel toward the outlet (see, e.g.
The axial direction of burner 04 is determined, e.g., by the path of a center of gravity axis or axis of symmetry S of the burner cone 06, which is configured as rotationally symmetrical or as at least n-fold (nε, n>1), e.g. at least two-fold, radially symmetrical with respect to its side that delimits the interior space, at least in a longitudinal cone segment that opens up in the manner of a funnel. Upstream and/or downstream of this longitudinal segment that opens up, burner cone 06 need not, but may likewise be embodied as symmetrical in the aforementioned manner, e.g. as at least radially symmetrical—with regard to at least the side of its wall 43 or wall structure 43 that delimits the interior space. In the interest of simplicity, beyond the configuration of the inner side of the wall, burner cone 06 may also be embodied as a whole as structurally symmetrical, e.g. at least radially symmetrical, around the axis of symmetry S—optionally with the exception of attachments that are irrelevant in terms of fluid mechanics, such as mountings or necessary electronics and/or sensors, for example. Radial symmetry or rotational symmetry in this case is understood as a form of symmetry in which, when an object is rotated a certain angle around an axis of symmetry, the object will return to alignment with itself. With an n-fold radial or rotational symmetry, a 360°/n rotation will map the object onto itself.
Fuel nozzle 07 comprises at least one fuel outlet 44 for delivering the, e.g. liquid or preferably gaseous fuel 03 into the premix chamber 42 formed inside burner cone 06. In principle, fuel nozzle 07 may be embodied as having any geometry with one or more openings 44 as an outlet or outlets directed toward the premix chamber. Preferably, however—at least in the region of its end segment near the cone—it is tubular in configuration and has a circular discoid or annular opening 44, provided centered on its front end, forming the fuel outlet 44. In one variant, additional, optionally smaller openings may be provided, arranged symmetrically around the central opening 44.
Fuel nozzle 07 and burner cone 06 are advantageously arranged relative to one another, as viewed in the axial direction, such that at least a base segment of burner cone 06, e.g. an upstream end of wall 43 or a cone base 46 provided specifically for this purpose, which supports the upstream end of wall 43 or wall structure 43, surrounds fuel nozzle 07 at least at the level of the at least one fuel outlet, but preferably at a longitudinal segment that extends upstream from the fuel outlet, e.g. in the manner of a sleeve.
The terms upstream side, upstream, downstream side and downstream—unless otherwise indicated or obviously otherwise intended—refer to the direction of flow, as viewed in the axial direction, of the fuel in the region of fuel nozzle 07 near the outlet.
In the case of a cone base 46 provided specifically for this purpose, said base forms the upstream end-face cover of burner cone 06 and supports the single-part or multi-part wall 43 or wall structure 43 on the conical shroud side. Otherwise, the upstream end-face cover of burner cone 06 is formed by the upstream end of wall 43 or wall structure 43.
Cone base 46—regardless of its characterization—can be structurally assigned to fuel nozzle 07, in which case in order to remove premix chamber 42, the connection between cone base 46 and wall 43 or wall structure 43 must be separated. Conversely, however, in a preferred embodiment, cone base 46 may be structurally assigned to burner cone 06, in which case in order to remove burner cone 06, the cone base 46 that supports wall 43 or wall structure 43 must be removed from burner nozzle 07 or from an attachment 47 of burner nozzle 07 between fuel nozzle 07 and cone base 46. In addition, to enable further disassembly of burner 04, cone base 46 may also be detachably connected to wall 43 or wall structure 43.
Bottom 49 may be formed by the side, facing the cone interior, of a cone base 46 embodied as a shroud ring or spoke ring, which, as viewed in the circumferential direction of fuel nozzle 07, has a plurality of passages 48 extending predominantly in the axial direction and/or enabling a predominantly axial flow—e.g. regions that remain open between spoke-like support elements or axial through-openings introduced into a ring. In principle, bottom 49 may also be formed by an intermediate space that is open around the entire circumference between the upstream end of wall 43 and fuel nozzle 07 at the axial level or axially upstream of the fuel nozzle end, if cone 06 is attached, for example, not to burner nozzle 07 or to a tube segment that continues this nozzle upstream, but from the outside, e.g. to an exhaust gas chamber wall or combustion chamber wall.
A plurality of passages 48 are preferably provided in the end-face bottom 49 of the burner or burner cone 06, around fuel nozzle 07 and/or at least around the projection thereof along the axis of symmetry S, as viewed in the plane that is perpendicular to the axis of symmetry S. Passages 49 are configured, e.g. such that they produce a predominantly axial flow upon outlet of the exhaust air into the cone interior.
In an advantageous embodiment, cone base 46 is formed by a component in the manner of an end plate having a preferably annular opening, which, when installed, receives the preferably tubular fuel nozzle 07, for example, and is e.g. detachably connected to fuel nozzle 07 in a force-fitting and/or interlocking connection. Cone base 46 is preferably embodied as annular and can be configured in the manner of a clamping ring set, in which case one of the two clamping rings supports wall 43 or wall structure 43 and can be frictionally connected by means of a clamping ring to the outer periphery of fuel nozzle 07.
Preferably, cone base 46 is formed by an end plate, e.g. in an embodiment as a flange 46, in particular a flange ring 46, for example with an annular recess, which flange ring can be connected to an attachment 47 embodied as a flange 47, in particular a flange ring 47, arranged, for example, on the periphery of fuel nozzle 07, flush or preferably with an offset in relation to the nozzle end face of fuel nozzle 07 (see, e.g.
Wall 43 or wall structure 43 is arranged with its upstream end spaced radially from the lateral surface of the particularly tubular burner nozzle 07, at least in sections over a portion of the circumference, advantageously predominantly, and preferably over the entire circumferential range, so that between the upstream end of wall 43 or wall structure 43 and burner nozzle 07, at least in the circumferential direction thereof, an intermediate space having a distance d, e.g. a distance d of at least 1 mm, advantageously at least 5 mm, in particular at least 10 mm between burner nozzle 07 and wall 43 or wall structure 43 is provided in the radial direction in sections, but preferably around the entire circumference—with the exception of any supporting and/or retaining elements that may be provided. Where appropriate, an annular intermediate space that is freely open or sectionally open to a flow, e.g. with the exception of any supporting and/or retaining elements that may be provided, may be formed in this end region between burner nozzle shroud and wall 43 or wall structure 43, said space having an annular width of, e.g. at least 1 mm, advantageously at least 5 mm, in particular at least 10 mm. In this case, the optionally interrupted, freely open intermediate space represents a passage through which fluid can flow in an end-face bottom 49 of burner cone 06. Bottom 49 then refers to the narrower upstream end of burner cone 06, which surrounds the downstream end of fuel nozzle 07, and together with the latter, forms the upstream cover of premix chamber 42.
For the embodiment of an expressly provided cone base 46—in particular surrounding the tubular burner nozzle 07—said cone base supports the upstream front end of wall 43 or wall structure 43, at least sectionally over a portion of the circumference, advantageously predominantly, and preferably over the entire circumferential range, spaced radially from the lateral surface of the particularly tubular burner nozzle 07, so that on the side of the cone base that faces the premix chamber, at least sectionally in the circumferential direction of burner nozzle 07, but preferably over the entire circumference, a distance d in the radial direction, e.g. a distance d of at least 1 mm, advantageously at least 5 mm, in particular at least 10 mm is created between burner nozzle 07 and wall 43 or wall structure 43.
In an advantageous embodiment illustrated in the diagrams, in the embodiment with an expressly provided cone base 46, an annular intermediate space is also provided in this end region between burner nozzle shroud and the upstream end of wall 43 or wall structure 43, said intermediate space having an annular width of, e.g. at least 1 mm, advantageously at least 5 mm, in particular at least 10 mm. In a preferred embodiment, a plurality of passages 48 that lead into the intermediate space and act e.g. as air inlet nozzles 48 are provided in the circumferential direction in cone base 46. Passages 48 lead into the interior of the premix chamber in bottom 49 or on the end face of the cone base 46, embodied in particular as an end plate, which end face delimits the bottom 49 on the premix chamber side, within the periphery that is surrounded by the upstream end of wall 43.
Passages 48 end, for example, e.g. coming from the upstream end face of cone base 46, in an intermediate space that is formed between the upstream end of wall 43 or wall structure 43 and the fuel nozzle shroud.
The passages can, in principle, be embodied, e.g. as round boreholes or in the manner of intermediate spaces formed by spoke-like braces. In an advantageous embodiment, they are embodied as rectangular slot-like channels, which creates a guided flow for the purpose of forming an air cushion or air basket on the inner side of the wall.
Burner 04 advantageously has at least one mouth of the at least one passage 48 leading out of the space 09 that surrounds burner 04, preferably on the end face, into the cone interior (as an open ring or as a plurality of passages 48), preferably in an upstream base segment at the axial height or upstream of the downstream end of fuel nozzle 07, i.e. depending on its embodiment, upstream of the tube thereof or the outlet opening 14 thereof.
The upstream end face of the burner cone 06 or of the premix chamber formed by burner cone 06 that is without an expressly provided cone base 46, e.g. is open in an annular shape, with the exception of any supporting and/or retaining elements that may be provided, or that is completely closed off as cone base 46, or is preferably only partially closed off, is also referred to as the bottom 49 of burner cone 06, and in a preferred embodiment, gaseous fluid, for example, exhaust air from the raw gas chamber 09, can flow through said bottom. In this case, a flow component extending predominantly in the axial direction of burner 04 can flow through bottom 49, i.e. the vector that characterizes the flow has a greater directional component in the axial direction as compared with a radial component. A flow through bottom 49 in the axial direction without a significant radial component is preferred. In the aforementioned case of an expressly provided cone base 46, the exhaust air flows as inlet air through the passages 48 in cone base 46, and otherwise, the exhaust air flows through the intermediate space which is sectionally open or open around the entire circumference between wall 43 or wall structure 43 and the burner nozzle shroud.
In the embodiment having a cone base 46 configured as a flange 46, said cone base may be connected via fastening means 49, e.g. via threaded connectors 49, to the attachment 47, e.g. flange 47, located on fuel nozzle 07. In the case comprising a flow-through bottom, this attachment 47 is embodied as having a structure that enables a flow through the passages, e.g. recesses or passages 52 that are likewise aligned with passages 48.
Burner 04 is thus configured between the upstream end of the single-part or multi-part wall of burner cone 06 and the outer periphery of the burner nozzle 07 that is surrounded by a base segment of burner cone 06, at the level or upstream of the fuel nozzle mouth, as having a bottom 49 through which gaseous fluid can flow at least predominantly in the axial direction. The predominantly axially extending passage 48 preferably leads from an end-face opening that leads to the environment to the mouth that is located in bottom 49.
In a particularly advantageous refinement of the burner embodiment in which fluid can flow through in the region of bottom 49, a guide element 51 that is continuous around its entire circumference, or is multi-part in sections can be positioned radially between the at least one fuel outlet and the passages, on a circumferential line that lies further inward radially than the mouth of the one or more bottom-side passages 48. The guide element 51 or the relevant segment thereof is used to guide the fluid, e.g. exhaust gas, that is flowing through the respective passage 48 into a direction angled away from the axis of symmetry S, in the direction of wall 43 that opens up in the manner of a funnel, where said fluid forms a lateral surface flow. By means of passages 48 provided around the entire circumference, in conjunction with a guide element 51, e.g. guide plate 51, arranged sectionally or continuously around the circumference, an annular lateral flow of the fluid, e.g. the exhaust gas, out of the raw gas chamber 09 is formed, protecting wall 43 against overheating under the direct influence of the burner flame. Guide element 51 is preferably embodied as a guide plate 51 that extends around the entire circumference and is embodied, for example, as a frustoconical shroud that opens up downstream in the axial direction. The slant angle measured in relation to the axis of symmetry (=one-half the opening angle) of the guide plate 51 formed, e.g. as a frustoconical shroud should lie within the range of the preferred angle range for the conical segment that opens up, e.g. within the range of 10° to 20°, in particular 12° to 16°. The guide element 51 embodied, in particular, as guide plate 51 extends, as viewed in the axial direction, e.g. at least at the level of the downstream end of the tubular piece that delimits the fuel nozzle 07 on the lateral side, over at least a length of 10 mm, preferably at least 20 mm. This allows the axial direction of flow to be directed effectively in the direction of the wall profile once the fluid has exited.
In the case of a burner cone 06 in which the opening up of the segment begins only after a straight intake segment, guide plate 51 is configured as extending first in a tubular fashion over the length of the straight intake segment, and as then extending over at least another 10 mm, preferably at least 20 mm, following the bend of the wall 43.
The described embodiment in which fluid flows through the bottom side effects a substantial improvement in a burner 04 for the post-combustion of exhaust gases, but may be particularly advantageous with respect to the radially symmetrical and/or chord-like configuration and/or with respect to taper when combined with a variant of the embodiment of the conical shroud 43 described in the following, and/or in conjunction with a variant of the embodiment of the downstream cone edge that further enhances turbulence.
As was already described above, burner cone 06, as a single-part or multi-part component, comprises a premix chamber 42, the cross-sectional area of which opens in the manner of a funnel toward the outlet, over at least a longitudinal cone segment. Burner cone 06, or the wall 43 thereof, on the longitudinal cone segment of the cone which is situated downstream of fuel outlet 44 in the axial direction of burner 04, and which opens up in the manner of a funnel, surrounds and/or encompasses a section of the premix chamber which has a flow cross-sectional area that increases in size continuously as the distance from the fuel outlet increases, and which is measured perpendicular to the axial direction.
Burner cone 06, as set forth in this example, can be embodied as opening up in the manner of a funnel over its entire length—for example with the exception of a cone base 46 that is optionally expressly provided for mounting and/or a cover element 53 that is optionally expressly provided for stability and/or functional purposes. In an embodiment not shown, the burner cone can comprise an intake segment extending with a constant cross-sectional area and having a correspondingly shaped wall, and/or an outlet segment extending with a constant cross-sectional area and having a correspondingly shaped wall.
In an alternative embodiment, burner cone 06 can have a segment that tapers down again, downstream of the segment that opens up in the manner of a funnel.
In a first embodiment, wall 43 or wall structure 43 can, in principle, be embodied in at least the longitudinal cone segment that opens up—with respect to the inner lateral wall surface thereof—as integral and/or as rotationally symmetrical around the axial direction of burner 04 that coincides with the axis of symmetry. This can be the case regardless of the optionally provided air through-openings for the wall 43, which in that case is optionally interrupted at certain points. In this specific, radially symmetrical case of radial symmetry for wall 43 or wall structure 43 of burner cone 06, said wall or wall structure extends in segments spaced axially from one another on circumferential lines of varying radii, wherein the space surrounded by wall 43 or wall structure 43 in the longitudinal segment of the cone that opens up has the shape of a truncated cone and can accommodate a (virtual) truncated cone of this type that is in physical contact with the full surface of wall 43.
In an advantageous second embodiment of the lateral surface of wall 43 or wall structure 43 of burner cone 06, said lateral surface, at least in the longitudinal segment of the cone that opens in the manner of a funnel, has a wall structure that delimits the premix chamber n-fold radially symmetrically with respect to the axial direction (with nε, n≧2), at least with a number of at least 2, i.e. n≧2, advantageously with a number of more than two, i.e. n>2, in particular with a number of at least 4, i.e. n≧4, preferably four, i.e. n=4, and/or is configured as having n shell-like wall segments 43.1; 43.2; 43.3; 43.4, for example, e.g. what is known as cone leaves 43.1; 43.2; 43.3; 43.4 or simply leaves 43.1; 43.2; 43.3; 43.4, for example, as n “nth-shells”, preferably four quarter shells, arranged radially symmetrically around the axial direction that forms the axis of symmetry S.
In a special case of the second embodiment with radial symmetry for wall 43 or wall structure 43 of burner cone 06, in a first variant, the individual shell-like wall segments 43.1; 43.2; 43.3; 43.4 of the multi-part wall structure 43 are arranged with their sectional lines, as viewed in cross-section, on circumferential lines if the wall segments are configured as partial frustoconical shells, or with their sectional lines, as viewed in cross-section, on a closed polygonal shape of a pyramidal base if the wall segments are configured as sides of a truncated pyramid, wherein in the longitudinal segment of the cone that opens up, the space surrounded by wall 43 or wall structure 43 has the form of a truncated cone in the first case, and the form of an m-sided truncated pyramid in the second case (thus in this case, n=m). In both cases, this inner space defined by wall 43 or wall structure 43 can thus accommodate a maximum (virtual) truncated cone, which in the first case is in planar physical contact with the entire wall 43 or wall structure 43 that surrounds the inner space, and in the second case is in linear physical contact therewith along the lateral heights of the sides of the truncated cone.
Whether in a rotationally symmetrical or non-rotationally symmetrical, only radially symmetrical embodiment of the cone segment that opens up, in an advantageous embodiment, the wall 43 or wall structure 43 that surrounds and/or encompasses the burner cone 06 outwardly has at least one interruption, in particular a plurality of interruptions 54, e.g. air or exhaust air inlet openings 54, over the entire longitudinal cone segment that opens in the manner of a funnel, or at least a portion thereof, as viewed in the cross-section extending perpendicular to the axial direction, through which openings exhaust air to be treated can flow out of the space surrounding the burner into the interior of the burner.
In a preferred embodiment, these exhaust air or air inlet openings 54 are configured as tangential inlet openings 54 that are raised radially outward from the circumferential line, to enable a tangential air inlet of the air or exhaust air that surrounds burner cone 06. These tangential inlet openings 54, preferably configured as gaps or slots in the longitudinal direction of burner 06, are preferably formed by a spacing of the edge regions of adjacent circumferential segments of a single-part or multi-part wall 43 or wall structure 43, between which inlet opening 54 is formed, radially from one another in relation to the axis of symmetry S, at the axial height of an inlet opening 54 in question, as viewed in the circumferential direction. In principle, these inlet openings 54 can be formed by an appropriate configuration of circumferential segments having through-openings and the formation of a single-part wall 43 or preferably by the geometric arrangement of individual wall segments 43.1; 43.2; 43.3; 43.4. In that case, when a negative pressure forms in the interior of the cone, only air with at least a significant tangential component can be suctioned in through the inlet openings 54.
Whether the cone segment that opens up is in a rotationally symmetrical, a non-rotationally symmetrical, or only a radially symmetrical embodiment, a—specific or effective “inner”—taper (i.e. of the maximum truncated cone to be accommodated in the segment that opens up) having a slant angle φ in relation to the burner axis or axis of symmetry S (=e.g. one-half the opening angle) of 5° to 15°, in particular of 7° to 12°, is of particular advantage in terms of fluid mechanics. In this connection, the inner wall of wall 43 or wall structure 43 of burner cone 06 that delimits the premix chamber outwardly on the lateral side, at least in the longitudinal cone segment that opens up in the manner of a funnel, is configured in terms of its shaping and its structure to accommodate a maximum (virtual) truncated cone of the greatest possible cross-sectional profile, which is defined as a cone that is in contact at at least three points, spaced from one another circumferentially, in each of at least two cross-sectional planes that are spaced from one another axially, wherein a surface line of this maximum virtual straight truncated cone, projected into a sectional plane of burner cone 06 comprising the axis of symmetry S and extending in the longitudinal direction of the burner cone, forms a slant angle of 5° to 15°, particularly of 7° to 12°, preferably of 10°±1° in relation to the axial direction or the axis of symmetry S.
In a preferred second variant of the second embodiment of the configuration of wall 43 or wall structure 43 of burner cone 06 described here, having an n-fold radially symmetrical circumferential profile, in the longitudinal cone segment that opens up, the circumferential segments u1; u2; u.3; u.4 formed by the individual wall segments 43.1; 43.2; 43.3; 43.4 of a single-part or more particularly a multi-part embodiment of wall 43, as viewed in the cross-section extending perpendicular to the axial direction, in contrast to the first variant, do not follow the same circumferential line K1; K2; K1′; K2′ or closed polygonal shape, at least not over their entire length, and instead, the mutually adjacent circumferential section ends of two wall segments 43.1; 43.2; 43.3; 43.4 that adjoin one another in the circumferential direction are offset radially relative to one another. The radial offset of the adjacent circumferential segment ends, which overlap or at least continue without gaps, for example, in the angle range around the axis of symmetry S, forms tangential air or exhaust air inlet openings 54 by means of which a swirl formation is stimulated in the interior of the cone.
Burner cone 06, at least in the burner cone segment of wall 43 that opens up in the manner of a funnel, thus preferably comprises n, e.g. more than two, or even at least four tangential inlet openings 54 that are formed by the fan-like arrangement, for example, of the preferably (partially) shell-like wall segments 43.1; 43.2; 43.3; 43.4, spaced from one another in the circumferential direction, and each raised radially—in particular outwardly—away from the preceding circumferential shroud segment, to create a tangential air inlet of the exhaust air surrounding burner cone 06.
In a particularly advantageous embodiment of wall segments 43.1; 43.2; 43.3; 43.4 of the second variant, in which said wall segments have a shell-like shape, e.g. they are shaped as a partial frustoconical shell or as a side of a truncated pyramid, or have some other shape, the n wall segments 43.1; 43.2; 43.3; 43.4 that are offset radially symmetrically are arranged each rotated about a respective imaginary axis that extends parallel to the axial direction or to the axis of symmetry S in relation to an orientation that forms a closed frustoconical shell structure or frustopyramidal shroud structure. In this case, e.g. all of the axes intersect a circumferential line extending concentrically around the axis of symmetry S, spaced equidistant from one another in the circumferential direction. Such a rotated arrangement of wall segments 43.1; 43.2; 43.3; 43.4, which otherwise have the same configuration, results in a fan-like conical lateral surface in the circumferential direction.
In an advantageous embodiment of this type, the partial conical axes of the wall segments 43.1; 43.2; 43.3; 43.4 embodied as partial conical shells do not lie on a common conical axis, so that each of the aforementioned tangential inlet openings 54, in its cross-section that opens up on the exterior of wall 43, is raised radially from the circumferential shroud segment preceding it, as viewed in the circumferential direction.
In a specific advantageous variant of this embodiment, wall segments 43.1; 43.2; 43.3; 43.4 are embodied as shroud segments 43.1; 43.2; 43.3; 43.4 of identical size that make up a conical shroud which is embodied as radially symmetrical and has a closed profile, e.g. as a frustoconical shroud or e.g. as an I-fold (Iε, I≧n, e.g. I=n*m) frustopyramidal shroud, in which each such shroud segment is rotated by the same angle in relation to an aforementioned respective axis—e.g. parallel to the axis of symmetry S. Each of these shroud segments 43.1; 43.2; 43.3; 43.4 can be lengthened slightly in the circumferential direction relative to its length in the closed form (see angle δ), so that the shroud segments 43.1; 43.2; 43.3; 43.4 that are rotated in this manner in the circumferential angle with respect to the axis of symmetry S at least continue directly or advantageously overlap slightly.
In the case of the wall 43 or wall structure 43 which, in the second variant, does not extend in the cross-section of the segment that opens up entirely along a circumferential line K1; K2; K1′; K2′ in each cross-section of the opening cone segment that has the circumferential segments, and which has, e.g. wall segments 43.1; 43.2; 43.3; 43.4 arranged in a fan-like manner as described above and/or rotated circumferentially, and/or in the case in which the shaping of the wall segments 43.1; 43.2; 43.3; 43.4 in the circumferential direction results in the aforementioned differently angled lateral surface lines relative to the axis of symmetry S, in a first method for characterizing taper that does not consider the degree of radial offset of the adjacent circumferential segment ends and/or the degree of the aforementioned rotation, and/or a twisting of wall segments 43.1; 43.2; 43.3; 43.4, the greatest possible cross-sectional profile may be used as the taper that is effective for the swirling movement and/or the proximity to the flame in a first approximation of the aforementioned maximum (virtual) internal truncated cone, as was defined above in connection with the first variant. This virtual truncated cone corresponds to the greatest possible concrete straight truncated cone that can be inserted into the segment of the cone that opens up, and may at the same time correspond to the minimum effective slant angle φ1 of the most acute truncated cone, as defined in the following embodiment.
Regarding a further characterization, optionally in addition to the aforementioned characterization based on the maximum possible inner truncated cone in question, for the configuration of the burner cone 06 embodied as radially symmetrical in a fan-like manner, the most acutely tapered virtual truncated cone, which is determined by the inwardly directed regions of wall 43 of each wall segment with the smallest slant angle, and also the most obtusely tapered virtual truncated cone, which is determined by the inwardly directed regions of wall 43 that have the greatest slant angle relative to the axis of symmetry S, may both be used.
Here, a particular advantageous embodiment of burner cone 06 is one in which wall segments 43.1; 43.2; 43.3; 43.4 of burner cone 06, in the region of the wall 43 or wall structure 43 that bounds premix chamber 42 outwardly, are configured in terms of their shaping and their structure, at least in the longitudinal cone segment that opens up—in a quasi-funnel shape—such that the sharpest virtual truncated cone has a cone angle or opening angle of at least 10°, advantageously at least 14°, i.e. a surface line that extends in this longitudinal cone segment that opens up in the manner of a funnel, in the longitudinal direction of the burner cone on the inside of the same wall segment, and is slanted the smallest degree in relation to the axial direction, forms an slant angle of at least 5°, preferably at least 7°, with the axial direction in a vertical projection in a sectional plane that comprises the axial direction, however in this embodiment, said surface line lies below that of the more obtusely angled truncated cone. In an embodiment of this type, having a varying slant in the circumferential direction of the shells, has a maximum cone angle or opening angle of, e.g. no more than 50°, advantageously no more than 40°, i.e. a surface line that extends in this longitudinal cone segment that opens up in the manner of a funnel, in the longitudinal direction of burner cone 06 on the inside of the wall segment, and is slanted the greatest degree in relation to the axial direction, the more obtusely angled virtual truncated cone forms a maximum slant angle of, e.g. no more than 25°, advantageously no more than 20°, with the axial direction in a vertical projection on a sectional plane that comprises the axial direction.
A “mean” taper or a mean slant angle φ* that can be used in this way to obtain a more specific geometric characterization is determined, for example, by averaging. The averaging is determined, for example, by integral averaging along the circumferential direction of the slant of all surface lines, i.e., weighted over the circumferential length in question, corresponds to the mean that results from sweeping over a plane that extends through the axis of symmetry S along the circumferential segment in question, e.g. the 360° circumference, or the angle range encompassed by the wall segment in question, on the inner side of wall 43 or wall structure 43. This averaged slant can advantageously measure 10° to 20°, more particularly 12° to 17°.
In the embodiment of burner wall 43 in which the wall segments 43.1; 43.2; 43.3; 43.4 are embodied, as described above, in the form of shroud segments of a radially symmetrical truncated pyramid or truncated cone that are rotated relative to one another, the integral mean corresponds to the arithmetic mean, for example.
In the fan-like embodiment having two surface lines with different slants and/or having shroud segments 43.1; 43.2; 43.3; 43.4 that are each rotated relative to the others around the axial direction, wall segments 43.1; 43.2; 43.3; 43.4 each have, in the region of a first end as viewed in a circumferential direction of burner cone 06, a first lateral surface line extending in the longitudinal direction of burner cone 06 which is slanted in relation to the axial direction at, e.g. a first slant angle, e.g. the smaller slant angle φ1, and in the region of a second end with respect to the circumferential direction of burner cone 06, each have a second lateral surface line extending in the longitudinal direction of burner cone 06 which is slanted in relation to the axial direction at, e.g. a second slant angle, e.g. the greater slant angle φ2.
In an embodiment which is advantageous for the fan-like configuration, the slant angles at the two points of greatest deviation differ from one another by a maximum of 5°, advantageously by a maximum of 3°.
In the longitudinal cone segment of burner cone 06 (cone segment) that opens downstream in the manner of a funnel, a plurality, e.g. the number n, of such wall segments 43.1; 43.2; 43.3; 43.4 in which the first and second ends are slanted differently are thus arranged staggered in the circumferential direction of burner cone 06 in such a way that, as viewed in the circumferential direction of burner cone 06, a less steeply slanted second end of a first wall segment 43.1; 43.2; 43.3; 43.4 that extends over a first angle range, e.g. 360°/n, optionally plus a slight intersection δ (δ being from 1° to 5°), in particular 90° or 90°+δ, is continued by a first end of a second wall segment 43.2; 43.3; 43.4; 43.1 which is slanted more steeply than the second end of the first wall segment 43.1; 43.2; 43.3; 43.4, and which adjoins the first angle range without gaps or with a slight angular overlap δ (intersection) with respect to the angle in relation to the burner longitudinal axis as the center. The angle segments that are covered with respect to the axis of symmetry S by the respectively adjacent wall segments 43.1; 43.2; 43.3; 43.4 in the circumferential direction thus continue at least without gaps, or even overlap one another slightly as described above. This prevents a purely radial flow—with respect to the axis of symmetry S—through the tangential inlet openings 54 that are formed between the adjacent wall segments 43.1; 43.2; 43.3; 43.4. In this case, the first end of the second wall segment 43.2; 43.3; 43.4; 43.1, for example in at least one downstream end segment of the longitudinal cone segment that opens up downstream in the manner of a funnel, is spaced further radially from the longitudinal axis of the burner than the second end of the first wall segment 43.1; 43.2; 43.3; 43.4.
In the region of cone base 46, the cone leaves 43.1; 43.2; 43.3; 43.4 arranged adjacent to one another in a fan-like manner may converge at their end segments or, as in the advantageous embodiment shown, for example, may border the cone bottom 49, spaced radially from one another. In the first case, the area between the adjacent cone leaves 43.1; 43.2; 43.3; 43.4 is closed down to the bottom 49, and in the preferred second case, a tangential air inlet or exhaust air inlet opening 54 is formed between the adjacent cone leaves 43.1; 43.2; 43.3; 43.4 down to the bottom 49, however the gap width of said opening may taper down to the bottom.
Cone 06 is preferably embodied as having an effective or mean slant of this type, so that the effective or mean inner radius or inner diameter that is obtained therefrom increases in size from the upstream end to the downstream end of the funnel-shaped cone segment by a factor of 4.8 to 5.8, in particular of 5.0 to 5.5. For example, cone 06 may be embodied as having an effective or mean diameter of 500 mm to 700 mm, in particular of 550 mm to 650 mm, at the downstream cone end of its funnel-shaped longitudinal segment.
For the aforementioned advantageous case of a conical shroud embodied as shroud segments 43.1; 43.2; 43.3; 43.4 of a radially symmetrical shroud that has a closed profile—optionally with an extension in the circumferential direction to form the closed angle range and optionally with an overlap—wall segments 43.1; 43.2; 43.3; 43.4 are formed by shroud segments 43.1; 43.2; 43.3; 43.4 of equal size forming an e.g. I-sided straight frustopyramidal shroud or a straight frustoconical shroud, with the slant of the pyramidal side surfaces in relation to the axial direction in the first case, and the slant of the frustoconical lateral surface in the second case preferably corresponding to that of the aforementioned actual or effective slant angle φ, i.e. 5° to 15°, in particular 7° to 12°. The rotation, for example, by 3° to 10°, about the axis in each case results in the difference in the slant φ1; φ2 in relation to the axis of symmetry S or the axial direction of burner cone 06 or burner 04, at the two circumferential ends of the shroud segment 43.1; 43.2; 43.3; 43.4 relative to one another, caused by the rotation.
Both for the actual truncated cone in a radially symmetrical embodiment, and for the maximum virtual inner truncated cone, the inner wall 43 of burner cone 06 that delimits premix chamber 42 outwardly on the lateral side, at least in the longitudinal cone segment that opens up in the manner of a funnel, is preferably configured in terms of its shape and its structure to accommodate a maximum virtual truncated cone having the largest possible cross-sectional profile, which cone is in contact with wall 43, e.g. at at least three points, spaced from one another circumferentially, in each of at least two cross-sectional planes that are spaced from one another axially, and the lateral surface line extending on the frustoconical lateral surface of this maximum virtual truncated cone in its longitudinal direction forms a slant angle of 5° to 15°, preferably of 7° to 12°, with the axis of symmetry S, which slant angle is constant in the circumferential direction.
The ends of the shroud segments 43.1; 43.2; 43.3; 43.4 that adjoin one another circumferentially, but the end regions of which are spaced from one another radially, may be partially connected to one another via supporting elements 68, thereby increasing the stability of the cone structure.
In principle, the n circumferential segments u1; u2; u.3; u.4 of the wall segments 43.1; 43.2; 43.3; 43.4 or shroud segments 43.1; 43.2; 43.3; 43.4, as viewed in the circumferential direction, can be formed by a homogeneous component having a curved profile that is curved without kinks in the cross-sectional plane that extends perpendicular to the axial direction.
Downstream, burner cone 06 can be capped off by a cover element 53 that is connected—in particular in a bonded or interlocking connection—to wall 43 or wall structure 43, e.g. a cover plate 53 that surrounds the opening. This cover plate 53 may be embodied solely for reinforcement purposes and/or for forming an edge 62 or edge region 62 that surrounds the end-side outer contour of wall 43 or wall structure 43 in the manner of a collar. Alternatively or additionally, cover plate 53 may be arranged and/or embodied as covering the downstream end of the tangential air or exhaust air inlet openings 54 that are formed between the wall segments 43.1; 43.2; 43.3; 43.4, which are adjacent in the circumferential direction. An edge 62 configured in this manner can be used to enhance the swirling of the air or exhaust air entering the combustion chamber 11 through the inlet gap 18, and an end-face covering 61 of the air inlet or exhaust air inlet openings 54 can be used to enhance the tangential flow.
In an embodiment of burner cone 06 which is advantageous in principle, e.g. in terms of manufacturing, regardless of the remaining configuration of the wall 43 or wall structure 43 and/or of the flow capacity on the bottom side, but which is particularly advantageous when combined with other specified features, said burner cone is formed in the circumferential direction by a number of individual planar segments, e.g. guide panels, more particularly flat sheet metal strips, which are all connected, or which are connected in groups, in a bonded or interlocking connection in the circumferential direction, wherein e.g. a curvature is created by a slanted joint between two adjacent joined segments. The segments, which are all connected or are connected in groups, are connected—in particular in a bonded or interlocking connection—e.g. in the region of the upstream end to, e.g. the cone base 46 and/or in the region of the downstream burner cone end, for example, to cover element 53, e.g. to a cover plate 53 that surrounds the opening. Cover plate 53 may be embodied for reinforcement purposes.
In the cone segment that opens up in the manner of a funnel, wall 43 or wall structure 43 has in the circumferential direction a plurality of planar segments, e.g. flat sheet metal strips, extending longitudinally along burner 04 at an angle relative to the axial direction of burner 04, thereby forming circumferential segments that extend in a chord-like manner, as viewed in cross-section.
In an embodiment that is advantageous, e.g. in terms of production engineering, for the embodiment that comprises a number n of wall segments 43.1; 43.2; 43.3; 43.4, the wall segments 43.1; 43.2; 43.3; 43.4 are in turn formed in the circumferential direction by a number m of individual segments 43.1x; 43.2x; 43.3x; 43.4x (see, e.g.
For the aforementioned advantageous case in which wall segments 43.1; 43.2; 43.3; 43.4 are configured as shroud segments 43.1; 43.2; 43.3; 43.4 of a radially symmetrical conical shroud that has a closed profile, the n shroud segments 43.1; 43.2; 43.3; 43.4 of a truncated pyramid, for example, in turn comprise segments 43.1x; 43.2x; 43.3x; 43.4x, in which case the part of the description relating to the slant of the pyramidal side surfaces may be applied, e.g. to the slant of these partial surfaces. In that case, the conical shroud is then formed substantially—i.e. optionally plus the aforementioned slight addition in the circumferential direction—by the shroud segments 43.1; 43.2; 43.3; 43.4 of a regular or irregular truncated pyramid having I=n*m side surfaces, with I equal or at least partially geometrically distinct frustopyramidal sides.
In an embodiment of burner cone 06 that is fundamentally advantageous in terms of, e.g. fluid mechanics, regardless of the remaining configuration of wall 43 or wall structure 43 and/or regardless of the flow-through capacity on the bottom side, and/or regardless of a turbulence enhancement as described in the following, but which is particularly advantageous when combined with additional specified features, wall 43 or wall structure 43 can comprise, in its wall surface that encloses the inner space, axial air inlet or exhaust air inlet openings 56; 57 which are different from optional tangential air inlet openings 54, and which are embodied as, e.g. round boreholes 56 or as recesses 57 configured as having a slot-like profile, through which at least also fluid having a flow direction directed purely radially to the axis of symmetry S can flow. It is also possible for both types of air inlet or exhaust air inlet openings 56; 57 to provided. In addition, exhaust air inlet openings 56; 57 may be provided, preferably exhaust air inlet openings 57 that are configured in the form of slots and that have partial covers 58, e.g. dampers 58, which are braced outwardly along the edge. These dampers 58 may correspond, for example, substantially to the shape of the relevant exhaust air inlet openings 56; 57, and the angle of these dampers relative to the surrounding closed shroud surface may be adjustable for the purpose of adjusting the flow of air or exhaust air passing through, e.g. they may be bendable along the connection that exists along one side of the exhaust air inlet opening 56; 57, on the edge of damper 58.
The radial air inlet or exhaust air inlet openings 56; 57 in wall 43 or wall structure 43 act as inlet air injectors, and also contribute to the formation of the air cushion or air basket and/or to the infeed of oxygen on the inner wall side.
In principle independently of, and advantageously in combination with one or more of the aforementioned advantageous features of burner 04 is the embodiment of the configuration of the downstream cone end, as viewed in the axial direction of burner 04, that enhances the turbulence of the fluid stream, in particular the exhaust air stream 02, flowing past the outside of burner 04, in which said cone end has a plurality of first and/or second flow restrictors 59; 63; 64; 66, extending out of the profile which is determined by the end-side contour of the single-part or multi-part conical shroud 43 that surrounds the premix chamber, and optionally by the cover 61 that protrudes in the manner of a collar and is present in the plane of outlet opening 13 of burner cone 06, and into the space that surrounds the burner cone 06, in particular into the inlet gap 18 toward the combustion chamber 11 situated downstream, and spaced from one another in the circumferential direction of burner cone 06. These flow restrictors can, in principle, themselves be formed or attached directly in the region of the front end face to the wall of the wall 43 or wall structure 43 that forms the conical shroud.
The function of the flow restrictors 59; 63; 64; 66 is to effectively mix the hot combustion gases from the flame with the inlet air flowing outside the burner 04, through the inlet gap 18 and into combustion chamber 11. The flow restrictors 59; 63; 64; 66 extending at a slant or flat in relation to the plane of outlet opening 16, and embodied e.g. as guide vanes 59; 63; 64; 66 thereby disruptively break up the stream of air flowing through the inlet gap 18 and/or the substantially rotationally symmetrical conical flow in burner cone 06, and with it the substantially rotationally symmetrical flame, thereby mixing the gas stream from inside the burner with the gas stream from inlet gap 18.
In an advantageous embodiment of burner cone 06 that is particularly advantageous, e.g. when combined with the fan-like configuration, flow restrictors 59; 63; 64; 66 that project outward from the profile are integrally formed onto cover plate 53 that caps off the downstream end of burner cone 06, or are attached to said cover plate in an interlocking or bonded connection.
Flow restrictors 59; 63; 64 that are formed on or attached to the conical shroud or to cover plate 53 are formed, e.g. as guide vanes 59; 63; 64 made of flat sheet metal material, and are embodied as planar or as having at least one planar portion; they are preferably arranged with the planar portion, or with at least one of the planar portions, slanted in relation to the plane of outlet opening 16, which is perpendicular to the axial direction. For example, the flow restrictors 59; 63; 64 embodied as guide vanes 59; 63; 64 can be embodied as integral with or connected along one of their side edges to cover plate 53, such that the flow restrictors can be bent to a greater or lesser degree in order to adjust the turbulence.
For example, first flow restrictors 59 embodied as flat guide vanes 59 can be arranged with one edge on an edge section of the portion of the cover plate 62 that caps off the tangential air inlet or exhaust air inlet openings 54 at the front end.
Alternatively or additionally, second flow restrictors 63; 64 embodied as flat guide vanes 59 can be arranged with one edge on an edge section of the portion of the cover plate 62 that covers wall 43 or wall structure 43 in the region of wall segments 43.1; 43.2; 43.3; 43.4.
Guide vanes 59; 63; 64, in particular the first guide vanes 59, may, in principle, all point outward, upstream or downstream, from the plane of the outlet opening 16; preferably, however, some of said guide vanes point upstream and some downstream. Guide vanes 59; 63; 64, in particular the second guide vanes 63; 64, may be arranged as a pair of guide vanes 63, 64 on the two sides, as viewed in the circumferential direction, of a segment 66 that extends outward radially from the periphery of the cover plate 62, with e.g. one guide vane pointing outward and downstream from the plane of outlet opening 16, and the other pointing upstream.
The aforementioned device 01 for thermal aftertreatment comprises burner 04 in one of the aforementioned embodiments, with one or with a combination of several of the features highlighted above as advantageous.
In a refinement of device 01, combustion chamber 11 has in its interior a turbulence generating device 67, for example, a baffle plate 67, assigned to the chamber. The turbulence generating device 67 embodied as a baffle plate 67 extends, e.g. parallel to the plane of outlet opening 16 of burner 04 and substantially centrically to the axial direction of burner 04.
While a preferred embodiment of a device comprising an industrial system and a post-combustion device in accordance with the present invention has been set forth fully and completely hereinabove, it will be apparent to one of skill in the art that changes can be made to the present invention, without departing from the true spirit and scope of the invention which is accordingly to be limited only by the appended claims.
Claims
1-27. (canceled)
28. A device, comprising an industrial system (12) and a post-combustion device (01), provided in an exhaust air stream (02) of the industrial system (12) for the post-combustion of exhaust air in the exhaust air stream (02), said device being separate from the industrial system (12) and disposed downstream of said system, wherein the post-combustion device (01) comprises a burner (04), which has a fuel nozzle (07) and a burner cone (06), and which protrudes, at least with its burner cone (06), in a raw gas chamber (09) into exhaust air of the exhaust air stream (02) to be treated that is coming from the system (12) upstream, wherein the burner cone (06) has a single-part or multi-part wall (43) that surrounds a premix chamber (42), and the fuel nozzle (07) comprises an opening of at least one fuel outlet (44) for discharging fuel into the premix chamber (42), and wherein the wall (43) that bounds the premix chamber (42) outwardly on the lateral side has a structure such that the premix chamber (42) formed inside the wall opens up in the downstream direction in the manner of a funnel on at least one longitudinal cone segment, symmetrically to an axis of symmetry (S) that defines the axial direction of the burner (04), characterized in that the burner cone (06) comprises, in at least one longitudinal segment of the longitudinal cone segment of the wall (43), which longitudinal cone segment opens up in the manner of a funnel, a plurality of tangential inlet openings (54) in order for exhaust air surrounding the burner cone (06) to enter the premix chamber (42) tangentially, said inlet openings being formed by a fan-like arrangement of a plurality of wall segments (43.1; 43.2; 43.3; 43.4).
29. The device according to claim 28, characterized in that the tangential inlet openings (54) are spaced from one another circumferentially and/or are each raised radially on the outside of the wall (43) away from the preceding lateral circumferential section, as viewed in the circumferential direction, and/or are embodied as gap-like or slot-like openings that extend in the axial direction, and/or extend that over at least the length of the longitudinal cone segment that opens up in the manner of a funnel.
30. The device according to claim 28, characterized in that the wall (43) of the burner cone (06), at least in the longitudinal cone segment that opens up in the manner of a funnel, is formed by a plurality of n wall segments (43.1; 43.2; 43.3; 43.4) that are arranged radially symmetrically in a fan-like manner around the axial direction that forms the axis of symmetry (S) and/or are each rotated around respective rotational axes that do not coincide with one another or with the axis of symmetry (S), and/or the wall segments (43.1; 43.2; 43.3; 43.4) are formed with a number of n wall segments (43.1; 43.2; 43.3; 43.4) as N-th shells, in particular as n partial conical shells.
31. The device according to claim 28, characterized in that the wall (43) of the burner cone (06), at least in the longitudinal cone section that opens up in the manner of a funnel, is formed by a number n of more than two wall segments (43.1; 43.2; 43.3; 43.4) that are arranged radially symmetrically in a fan-like manner and/or are each rotated around the axial direction that forms the axis of symmetry (S), and/or in at least one longitudinal segment of the longitudinal cone segment of the wall (43) that opens up in the manner of a funnel, comprises more than two tangential inlet openings (54) for a tangential inlet of the exhaust air surrounding the burner cone (06) into the premix chamber (42).
32. The device according to claim 28, characterized in that the wall (43) of the burner cone (06), at least in the longitudinal cone section that opens up in the manner of a funnel, is formed by at least four wall segments (43.1; 43.2; 43.3; 43.4) that are arranged radially symmetrically in a fan-like manner and/or are rotated around the axial direction that forms the axis of symmetry (S), and/or, in at least one longitudinal segment of the longitudinal cone segment of the wall (43) that opens up in the manner of a funnel, comprises at least four tangential inlet openings (54) for a tangential inlet of the exhaust air surrounding the burner cone (06) into the premix chamber (42).
33. The device according to claim 30, characterized in that the angle segments that are covered with respect to the axis of symmetry (S) in the circumferential direction by the respectively adjacent wall segments (43.1; 43.2; 43.3; 43.4) continue at least without gaps or overlap.
34. The device according to claim 30, characterized in that the wall segments (43.1; 43.2; 43.3; 43.4) are in turn formed in the circumferential direction by a number m of individual segments (43.1x; 43.2x; 43.3x; 43.4x) that adjoin one another to form the relevant wall section (43.1; 43.2; 43.3; 43.4).
35. The device according to claim 28, characterized in that the tangential inlet openings (54) are configured such that only a flow of air that is not a purely radial flow in relation to the axis of symmetry (S) and instead comprises at least one tangential component of motion can pass through these openings into the interior of the cone.
36. The device according to claim 28, characterized in that the structure of the wall (43) is embodied such that the premix chamber (42) formed in its interior opens up in the manner of a funnel over at least one longitudinal cone segment that is situated downstream of the at least one fuel outlet (44) in the axial direction of the burner (04) and extends in the axial direction of the burner, symmetrically to the axis of symmetry (S) that defines the axial direction of the burner (04), in a direction extending in the axial direction of the burner from the fuel nozzle to the outlet side premix chamber opening.
37. The device according to claim 28, characterized in that each of the tangential inlet openings (54) is formed between two n wall segments (43.1; 43.2; 43.3; 43.4) that adjoin one another in the circumferential direction of the burner cone (06), in that said wall segments are configured in the form of cone segments of a cone that has a closed outer peripheral line, but are each arranged rotated relative to the arrangement that forms the closed outer peripheral line, around an axis that is spaced the same distance in each case from the axis of symmetry (S), in the same direction of rotation and/or the same angle.
38. The device according to claim 28, characterized in that the burner (04) has, in an end-face bottom (49) of the burner cone (04), one or more mouths of one or more passages (48) that lead from the raw gas chamber (09) surrounding the burner (04) into the premix chamber (42), through which passages exhaust air enters and/or can enter the premix chamber from the raw gas chamber (09) surrounding the burner (04), in an axial or predominantly axial direction of flow, i.e. with an axial flow component that is greater than the radial flow component.
39. The device according to claim 38, characterized in that in the circumferential direction, a plurality of passages are provided in an annular region of the bottom (49), which annular region extends in a plane that runs perpendicular to the axis of symmetry (S) outside of a circumferential line that projects into this plane and that encompasses the mouth or mouths of the at least one fuel outlet (44), said annular region also extending within the wall (43) that extends at the axial height of the passages (48), and/or said passages are provided in a base segment at the axial height or axially upstream of the fuel nozzle end.
40. The device according to claim 38, characterized in that the bottom (49) is formed by the side, facing the cone interior, of a cone base (46) embodied as a shroud ring or spoke ring, which, as viewed in the circumferential direction of the fuel nozzle (07), has a plurality of passages (48) that extend predominantly in the axial direction and/or that enable a predominantly axial flow.
41. The device according to claim 40, characterized in that the cone base (46) that bounds the bottom (49) at its end face is embodied in the manner of a flange (46), which can be detachably connected to an attachment (47) arranged on the fuel nozzle (07) or to an attachment situated upstream thereof, and/or which supports the single-part or multi-part wall (43) of the burner cone (06) spaced radially from the wall of the burner nozzle (07) and/or which comprises predominantly axially extending passages (48) in the region between the wall of the burner nozzle (07) and the wall (43) of the burner cone (06).
42. The device according to claim 38, characterized in that the bottom (49) the bottom (49) is formed by an intermediate space between the upstream end of the wall (43) and the fuel nozzle (07) at the axial level or axially upstream of the fuel nozzle end, which intermediate space is open all the way around with the exception of spoke-like supporting elements.
43. The device according to claim 40, characterized in that on a circumferential line that lies radially further inward with respect to the axis of symmetry (S) than the mouth of the one or more bottom-side passages (48) on the interior side of the cone, but lies radially further outward with respect to the axis of symmetry than the opening of the at least one fuel outlet (44), a multi-part guide element (51) that extends continuously or sectionally around the entire circumference, or a multi-part guide element that is interrupted sectionally is arranged radially between the at least one fuel outlet (44) and the at least one passage (48).
44. The device according to claim 28, characterized in that the fuel nozzle (07) and the upstream end of the burner cone (07), as viewed in the axial direction, are arranged overlapping or at least continuing without interruption, and/or the wall (43) of the burner cone (06), in particular a base segment of the burner cone (06), surrounds the fuel nozzle (07) at least at the level of the at least one fuel outlet.
45. The device according to claim 28, characterized in that all or a plurality of the wall segments (43.1; 43.2; 43.3; 43.4) of a wall (43) that is embodied as a multi-part wall are configured, at least in the longitudinal cone section that opens up, in the form of shroud segments (43.1; 43.2; 43.3; 43.4) of a radially symmetrically configured frustoconical or I-sided frustopyramidal shroud that has a closed profile, and are arranged rotated in the same direction of rotation and by the same angle of rotation, about respective axes that extend in the longitudinal direction on a common conical or cylindrical lateral surface that encompasses the axis of symmetry (S) concentrically.
46. The device according to claim 28, characterized in that the burner cone (04), in its burner cone segment that opens up or in at least a portion of this burner cone segment, has an effective inner taper having a slant angle (φ; φ1) of the conical shroud of 5° to 15° in relation to the axis of symmetry (S).
47. The device according to claim 28, any one of the preceding claims, characterized that the inner wall (43) of the burner cone (06) that bounds the premix chamber (42) outwardly on the lateral side is configured in terms of its shape and its structure, at least in the longitudinal cone section that opens up in the manner of a funnel, to accommodate a maximum virtual truncated cone with the largest possible cross-sectional profile, which is in contact with the wall (43) at at least three points, spaced from one another circumferentially, in each of at least two cross-sectional planes that are spaced from one another axially, wherein the wall (43) of the burner cone (06) is configured such that, in a plane that comprises the axis of symmetry, this maximum virtual truncated cone forms a cone angle of 18° to 30°, in particular 20° to 26°, preferably 23°±1°.
48. The device according to claim 28, characterized in that the wall segments (43.1; 43.2; 43.3; 43.4) of the burner cone (06) that bound the premix chamber (42) outwardly on the lateral side, in the longitudinal cone section that opens up in the manner of a funnel, are configured in terms of their shaping and their structure as having a taper that varies in the circumferential direction in relation to the axis of symmetry (S), a lateral surface line that extends in this longitudinal cone segment that opens up in the manner of a funnel, in the longitudinal direction of the burner cone on the inside of the wall segment (43.1; 43.2; 43.3; 43.4) in the longitudinal direction of the burner (04), and that is slanted the most in relation to the axial direction forms a slant in relation to the axial direction having an slant angle (φ2) of no more than 16°, advantageously no more than 15°, in particular no more than 13°, and/or a lateral surface line that extends in this longitudinal cone segment that opens up therein in the manner of a funnel, in the longitudinal direction of the burner cone on the inside of the wall segment (43.1; 43.2; 43.3; 43.4) in the longitudinal direction of the burner (04), and that is slanted the least in relation to the axial direction forms a slant in relation to the axial direction having a slant angle of at least 8°, advantageously at least 9°, in particular at least 10°.
49. The device according to claim 28, characterized in that the burner cone (06) comprises, in the region of its downstream end, a cover element (53) that is connected to the wall (43) and that comprises an outlet opening (13) that leads out of the cone interior at the end face of the burner cone (06) in the circumferential direction, and extends with its inner circumferential line that delimits the outlet opening (13) in a plane that is perpendicular to the axial direction, said cover element extending, in an inner and/or outer edge region, in particular in the manner of a collar, radially beyond the profile that is defined at the end face by the lateral profile of the wall (43), into the space surrounding the burner cone (06) and/or into the space that is surrounded by the cover element (53).
50. The device according to claim 28, characterized in that the burner cone (06) is configured, in the region of its downstream end, as having a plurality of flow restrictors (59; 63; 64; 66) that extend out of the profile defined at the end face by the lateral profile of the wall (43), and into the space surrounding the burner cone (06) at its downstream end, and that are spaced from one another in the circumferential direction of the burner cone (06).
51. The device according to claim 50, characterized in that a plurality or all of the flow restrictors (59; 63; 64; 66) are arranged on a cover element (53) according to claim 20, and/or are formed as guide vanes (59; 63; 64) made of flat sheet metal material, which are embodied as planar or as having at least one planar portion, wherein said flow restrictors are arranged with the, or with at least one of their planar portions slanted in relation to the plane of the outlet opening (16), which is perpendicular to the axial direction.
52. The device according to claim 28, characterized in that the burner (04) protrudes with at least its burner cone (06) into an exhaust air stream (02) of exhaust air to be treated, which comes from an industrial system (12) and contains a hydrocarbon load.
53. The device according to claim 28, characterized in that a raw gas inlet (19) is provided, via which the fluid stream or exhaust air stream (02) to be purified, coming from the system (03), can be fed as a raw gas stream (02) to the device.
54. The device according to claim 28, characterized in that upstream of the raw gas chamber (09) in the raw gas path, a heat exchanger (24) is provided, by means of which an exchange of heat is or can be carried out between already treated, hot, purified gas exiting a combustion chamber (11) and a raw gas formed by exhaust air from the system (12) upstream that has yet to be treated.
55. The device according to claim 28, characterized in that a combustion chamber (11) is connected downstream of the raw gas chamber (09) that surrounds the burner cone (06).
56. The device according to claim 28, characterized in that an inlet opening of the combustion chamber (11) and the burner cone (06), at the level of outlet opening (13), are dimensioned and arranged relative to one another such that between the edge of the burner cone (06) that defines its external periphery on the outlet side and the edge of an inlet-side combustion chamber wall (17) that defines the inlet opening an inlet gap (18) is formed, through which raw gas is able to flow out of the raw gas chamber (09) and into the combustion chamber (11) on a direct path, i.e. without first passing into a premix chamber of the burner cone (06) that is formed in the interior of the burner cone (06).
57. The device according to claim 28, characterized in that for the inlet of exhaust air into the raw gas chamber (02), a route segment through a flow cross-section (21) is provided, which is bounded on at least one side by the exterior of a combustion chamber wall (22).
Type: Application
Filed: Mar 16, 2015
Publication Date: Sep 7, 2017
Inventor: Eberhard WAHL (Oppenweiler)
Application Number: 15/127,088
