Modular Tubing Notcher System
A machining assembly which allows for precise and repeatable machining operations—primarily tube notching—to be carried out by an operator in various situations, and is specifically designed for hollow-form parting without use of a mandrel in prototyping and small-scale production. This system allows operators to cut copes in both typical and atypical materials, and offers the ability to produce double end-coped workpieces quickly. Additionally, the preferred embodiment can be equipped for use as a light-duty milling machine which incorporates portability with the benefits of traditional milling centers.
This patent application concerns the state of the art of tools and machines known as “tubing notchers,” which are designed to remove a portion of a workpiece by means of pressing or grinding: respectively, punch-style notchers (as in U.S. Pat. No. 4,194,422) or rotary style cutting and abrading notchers, including such cutting instruments as grinders, milling bits, and hole-saws, (as in US Patent no. 20120243954). The present invention relates to the latter, with a specific focus on hole-saw-style tubing notchers (such as in U.S. Pat. No. 3,758,221). Tubing notchers and light-duty machining assemblies are used in a number of fields—including but not limited to the agricultural, automotive, construction, entertainment, exhibition, and telecommunication industries.
BACKGROUND ART
The present invention improves upon the state of the art by streamlining the design of the present invention into a form which incorporates the benefits of a mill and a tubing notcher and simultaneously mitigates the shortfalls of these two machines. In the primary mode of the preferred embodiment, the form in which most cutting operations will take place, the present invention appears and operates much like a horizontal mill: it is able to move a secured workpiece along a planar coordinate system through indexing actions in relation to a relatively static—though axially rotating—cutting instrument. In this system, the workpiece is conveyed along the X-coordinate and the Y-coordinate through clockwise and counter-clockwise rotation of lead-screws, and this conveyance in the X and Y planes alters the location of the workpiece in relation to the orthogonal Z-coordinate of the cutting instrument's cutting path. The preferred embodiment of the present invention (
Unlike milling machines, some contemporary tubing notchers may operate without the need of a floor stand, instead clamping directly to the material to be machined (as in U.S. Pat. No. 7,125,206 B2). In the event that this operation is necessary—perhaps the workpiece is a cemented post, underground pipe, or other material that cannot be removed for one reason or another—the preferred embodiment may be operated in a second mode, where the workpiece acts as the stationary point of reference while the present invention is attached to it. After the notcher assembly is securely clamped to the workpiece, an operator can manipulate the machine in order to precisely remove material at a specific angle of cut. In this sense, the present invention may be used on jobs at which both milling machines and self-contained tubing notchers excel.
Technical Problem within the FieldWhen utilizing tubing notchers, operators must often cut copes in tubes at specific angles to produce tight fitting joinery. Without proper tube notching equipment, coping operations may be imprecise, unreproducible, unsightly, and potentially dangerous; even with specialized vises, many systems are not both safe and efficient for the professional operator.
There are options within the state of the art to address the aforementioned problems: expensive and complex—though multipurpose—milling machines, or economical and simplistic though specialized—tubing notchers. Even so, these options present some problems. Firstly, while milling machines are precise and can address many typical cutting demands when properly equipped, they are often prohibitively massive, expensive, difficult to implement and operate, and still may not address all cutting needs when dealing with workpieces of odd size, shape, or structure. Secondly, contemporary tubing notchers with vise systems (as in U.S. Pat. No. 7,114,423 and No. 8,734,066) allow for relatively safe and precise tube cutting, but do not address specialized cutting demands—such as on workpieces that are already bent, have irregularly shaped profiles, are comprised of a strange material, or are otherwise atypical. Operators within the industry would greatly benefit from a system that combines ease-of-implementation with precision, while being applicable to almost any workpiece.
Solution to the Technical ProblemThe present invention improves upon the state of the art by introducing an abrading or cutting-style tubing notcher system to be used for nearly any operation within the art. This design expands upon contemporary cutting-style notchers by incorporating the pros of milling machines while mitigating disadvantages: a mill's mass, immobility, difficulty-of-implementation, and specialized operator training. Unlike most tubing notchers within the state-of-the-art (such as U.S. Pat. No. 7,607,870 B2), the preferred embodiment can make multiple passes through various, measured, cutting locations along a workpiece without removing it from the clamping apparatus. Due to its modular nature, the present invention may be implemented in various alternative embodiments—including changes in tooling, hardware, vises, and various accessories—to accommodate nearly all operational requirements. Additionally, the preferred embodiment of the present invention includes multiple modes of operation, addressing the procedural shortfalls of most notchers and milling machines, so that operators can complete light-duty machining and notching tasks, as well as several non-traditional actions including piercing, broaching, routing, planing, stropping, buffing, and even simply providing workpiece support while other actions are accomplished. What's more, unlike many systems within the state of the art, the present invention can be used in series, thereby allowing one or more operators the ability to shape workpieces in ways that a contemporary notcher cannot.
Brief Explanation of OperationThe current embodiment of the present invention is uniquely suited to producing a production run of machined tubes with end-copes on both tube ends, and an operator thus engaged would begin by equipping the machine with the proper vise and any additional accessories he or she might need. For such a task, the operator may also implement a tubular work-stop and a workpiece cut-off support vise (as seen in
The present invention improves upon the state-of-the-art in the following ways . . . .
1. The workpiece retention module of the preferred embodiment includes a variable-vise system, which lets operators use the most useful vise and vise inserts for a particular task. Having the ability to accommodate unforeseen requirements, such as issues of workpiece size, shape, material, finish, and clamping profile, gives operators the ability to use the preferred embodiment in situations where contemporary tubing notchers wouldn't function. In an extreme example-of-use, once properly equipped, an operator of the preferred embodiment could quickly, repeatably, and safely process elliptical carbon-fiber tubes for producing racing bicycles; after changing vises and cutting instruments, this same machine can drill beveled bungholes in wine barrels.
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- 1.a. Many of the vises within the suggested alternative embodiments keep a relative workpiece “zero.” That is, with proper inserts (as in
FIG. 7 ) or by using self-centering vises (as in US patent nos. 20140131933 A1 and U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,066 B2), an operator can alternate vises without needing to refer to offset charts to reestablish a relative zero between vises. - 1.b. In conjunction with point 1, operators can control rotation in two planes: the X-axis and the Y-axis, relative to the Z-axis of the cutting path. To rotate about the Y-axis, Operators can loosen the vise base upon the degree table, rotate the vise base and the vise, and then tighten the vise base back onto the degree table in order to control one axis of the workpiece. Additionally, operators can rotate the workpieces within the jaws of the vise to revolve the workpiece about the X-axis. While not a part of the preferred embodiment, a potential alternative embodiment of the present invention includes a rotatable bearing between the main body and the workpiece conveyance module, allowing for rotation about the Z-axis. These methods of rotational control afford the operator a high degree of control over the cutting angle relative to the workpiece.
- 1.c. The variable-vise system allows operators to hold onto workpieces with specialized clamping surfaces: either directly through a vise or through clamping inserts. This specialized clamping can provide more clamping surface with a narrower clamping profile than traditional vises; using such a vise allows users to clamp closer to the point at which the cutting instrument will pass through the workpiece, resulting in much higher rigidity than is possible from traditional vises. This added rigidity equates to more precise cutting and longer tool life.
- 1.d. The design of the vice allows operators to use a second clamp on the opposite side of the cutting path in order to either catch the cut workpiece or to provide additional rigidity to the cutting operation. The use of a secondary vise (best exemplified in
FIGS. 2 and 12 , though present in all drawings) can accommodate nonstandard tubing and may be positioned as a lateral work stop. Operators may use these alternate vises much the same way as a second primary vise, especially in tandem clamping operations where more clamping pressure and surface area is needed on a workpiece. Tandem clamping is especially useful during milling operations, while the notcher must attach itself to a stationary workpiece while in the second mode of operation, and when excessive pressure from a single vise may damage a workpiece. - 1.e. In conjunction with point 1 and 1.b, a puck-like structure connects the rotatable vise base with the non-rotatable X-degree table by fitting within a counter-bored negative space of said X-degree table. In this way, the workpiece retention module is more structurally sound than using a single bolt or pin as a pivot point, the pivot point of the retention module can be centered on the workpiece rather than the parameters of a vise, and the vise may be clamped at any angle relative to the cutting instrument. Though the preferred embodiment uses smooth surface to surface clamping to secure itself, alternative embodiments of the workpiece retention structure may include a rack and pinion method of rotation, or even using another lead screw with a geared X-axis pivot nut to rotate the vise and vise base upon the X-degree table.
2. The preferred embodiment of the present invention includes a workpiece conveyance module, which allows operators to control the point at which notches are made in a workpiece without removing the workpiece from within the vise system. The preferred embodiment affords precise control over two dimensions of the workpiece—the X and Y dimensions of the machine, and thereby the workpiece—through the rotation of X and Y-lead screws. - 2.a. In conjunction with point 2, while the preferred embodiment includes handles to measurably rotate the X and Y-lead screws and move the workpiece, a viable alternative embodiment of the present invention may utilize computer numerical control motors to present a CNC milling machine with the aforementioned advantages of the present invention.
3. The present invention includes a quill module, which allows operators control over the cutting instrument of the preferred embodiment. Like the depth gauge and spindle travel stop of a traditional milling machine, operators can control the depth-of-cut (Z dimension) of the preferred embodiment's operation through the use of an internal threaded stop rod. - 3.a In conjunction with point 3 and point 1.c, the preferred embodiment of the present invention has the drill motor in line with the traversal of the quill module, and allows the operator to manipulate the traversal of the quill module (feed rate) through a mechanical advantage at the feed bar. These advantages further bolster the rigidity of the assembly, increasing both precision and tool life.
- 3.b In conjunction with point 3, the quill module uses a shaft support structure in order to add rigidity at the cutting instrument throughout the cutting process. Since support can be moved close to the cutting point, there will be minimal deflection from material strain brought about through pressure.
4. To be clear, in conjunction with point 3, 2, and point 1.b, operators have control of a workpiece in three relative spatial dimensions and two rotational axes. While this level of control is often relegated to much more expensive machining centers, this system permits fine notching operations with a high degree of consistency and repeatability to a much larger number of operators than have access to large-scale machining centers.
5. The modularity of the present invention readily accommodates alternative embodiments through the use of accessories and customization. The design of the present invention not only allows accessories to be attached to the vise system itself or inserted within the support rail in order to move along with the workpiece, but also to be attached elsewhere in order to remain separate from the movement of the workpiece or the quill module. Whether static or dynamic, examples of such accessories include safety shields, lubricant and coolant lines, tooling holders, vise jaw inserts, and alternative cutting instruments, as well as work-stops and workpiece supports. - 5.a. In conjunction with point 5, operators can elect to use a work support rail (item [56] in
FIG. 2 ) in order to properly utilize the dynamic work-stop and cut-off support vise, which fit within the workpiece conveyance system and will thus have the ability to “follow” the movement of the vise within the workpiece conveyance system. In this way, both the work-stop and the support vise will support a workpiece throughout an operation with multiple cutting procedures. This allows operators to make multiple cuts at various locations along a workpiece without needing to reset the location of the work-stop and the work support before each new cut. However, should an operator require either structure to remain static during vise movement, alternate work-stops and supports independent from the movement of the vise may be used.
6. As stated above, when used in conjunction with the work-stop, work support, and work support rail, the design of the present invention allows an operator efficient production of double-coped tubes. In a further advantage over the state of the art, this design will work even when the end-copes must be cut at angles or offsets.
7. Because the vise and the shaft support can be set very close to the cutting agent and workpiece, the design of the present invention cuts down on excessive vibration and tool chatter compared to the state of the art, and can therefore extend the operating life of cutting agents, drive motors, and the assembly itself.
8. The preferred embodiment of the present invention may operate in two modes. The primary mode can operate like a light-duty milling machine, and the secondary mode can operate on those large or permanent workpieces that could not be moved to a traditional milling machine, such as permanent structures or existing infrastructure. Therefore, the preferred embodiment may be implemented in locations and scenarios in which a traditional milling machine or a tubing notcher may be impractical. - 8.a. The preferred embodiment of the present invention includes a stand mount [47] and leveling stand [36]. This stand mount [47] may be an attachment point for alternative mounting structures, including a horizontal mount for vertical drilling operations (as in
FIGS. 8B and 14B ), or vehicle based mounting (as inFIGS. 14A and 14C ). If so desired, the present invention may also be mounted directly to a heavy duty bench top, sawhorse, or any surface sturdy enough for both the assembly itself and the workpiece to be machined.
9. The preferred embodiment of the present invention includes a work stop that may act as a boundary and as a secondary work support. While many objects in the state of the art act as a work boundary (such as U.S. Pat. No. 3,961,557 A), many cannot accommodate offsets and rotation without further calculations. Also, the contact object [110] can be replaced with any surface to properly accommodate the workpiece, so the work stop of the preferred embodiment may include a protrusion that is used as a secondary workpiece support at the outfeed. - 9.a. In conjunction with point 9, the work stop is able to be adjusted at several points, independently from one another. During use, usually, an operator will set the work stop by moving it in the X-plane, raising or lowering it in the Y-plane, rotating the contact object [110] to fit squarely against the workpiece [50], and then pivoting the contact object [110] into the correct phase for offset tubing, if necessary; however, since the work stop may be adjusted independently at these points, these steps can be accomplished in any order and in fact may be better done in reverse if the workpiece is already clamped in the proper place. In this way, an operator may set up their work stop as precisely as they need, and may alter single parameters in order to adjust their work stop as necessary, even from part to part. Many stops within the state of the art (again, as in U.S. Pat. No. 3,961,557 A) attempt to quicken the process of setting a stop by adjusting several parameters with a single adjustment, but in the process they weaken the structure and make adjustments less incremental, leading to less precision.
10. Inventions within the state of the art allow operators the use of several different cutting and shaping agents in order to act upon a workpiece; in addition to drills, hole-saws, and those other instruments that are typically used with tubing notchers, the present invention may also be used with tooling that is rarely used in notching operations, such as routing bits, buffing and stropping wheels, fixed and adjustable boring heads, coring bits, taps, reamers, annular cutters, and yet others. Though it falls outside the preferred embodiment and utility of the present invention, the present invention may also be used with pushing and slicing instruments, such as blades, punches, broaches, and dies—though tube notching operations with these pushing and slicing instruments could necessitate some sort of mandrel for tube notching.
11. The design of the preferred embodiment an electrical drive motor as the provider of rotational force, which can be powered by readily available 110/220 volt electrical sources. Alternative embodiments may implement alternative power sources to rotate the cutting instrument module's shaft: a tractor's power take off (PTO) drive, a belt and pulley system, nature-based turbines, fuel-based engines, hydraulics, pneumatics, or even hand and foot cranks. From hand-powered cranks to fuel-based engines to nature-based turbines, the present invention may be powered by various mechanical, hydraulic, and pneumatic means. Likewise, even when using the preferred electrical drive motor, operators can power the present invention through a generator if no local power is available. - 11.a. In conjunction with point 11, alternative embodiments of the present invention may include a transmission system for the purpose of changing operating torque and speed, and may include gearing or clutching, so as to protect the operator and the workpiece during certain operations.
12. Several of the preferred embodiment of the present invention may be implemented in series for large jobs or when several operations must be done to a single workpiece, but operating a single machine would be untenable. The nature of the present invention is that it can be static or dynamic, so even if the workpiece is fitted for operation in the primary mode (that is, with the stand still attached) the machine can move and the cutting path can be altered relative to the static workpiece. Note that there is no effective limit to the number of notchers that may be used in a series, and these machines may be placed as near to one another as the profile of the assembly will allow.
- 1.a. Many of the vises within the suggested alternative embodiments keep a relative workpiece “zero.” That is, with proper inserts (as in
In reference to
Reference is now made to
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Reference is now made to
An alternative embodiment of the present invention involves using the assembly in the secondary mode of operation, where the stand mount [47] is removed from the main body [18] and the assembly, sans stand, is affixed to a stationary workpiece [50] as its manner of support. The assembly still comprises three modules in this alternative embodiment, but the rotation of the workpiece retention module and the movement of the workpiece conveyance module would move the cutting agent relative to the stationary workpiece, instead of vise versa.
In addition to the specifications of the preferred embodiment and alternative embodiments of the present invention included herein, I wish to include those obvious modifications that may appear to those skilled in the art under the protection of this patent application.
Claims
1. A machining system specializing in notching operations without use of a mandrel, comprising a cutting instrument structure, a workpiece retention structure, and a workpiece conveyance structure.
2. The cutting instrument structure of claim 1, comprising a cutting instrument, a chuck, a shaft, a source of rotational force, a Z-travel slide structure for regulating the alignment of the shaft with respect to the source of rotational force, a shaft support for the purpose of regulating the alignment of the shaft with respect to the cutting instrument, and a main body upon which the shaft support, shaft, chuck, Z-travel slide, and cutting instrument reside and along which the shaft, chuck, Z-travel slide, shaft support, and cutting agent may traverse when the cutting instrument structure is cycled.
3. The cutting instrument structure of claim 2, wherein an operator may move the shaft, chuck, Z-travel slide, shaft support, and cutting instrument along an axis while said shaft, chuck, and cutting instrument are rotating about the axis until the cutting instrument has traveled completely through a desired cutting path or until the cutting agent has reached a desired depth and the Z-travel slide contacts a Z-travel stop, before returning the shaft, chuck, Z-travel slide, shaft support, and cutting instrument to the initial location of said shaft, chuck, Z-travel slide, shaft support, and cutting instrument, thereby cycling the cutting instrument structure and allowing for the removal of material from a workpiece; said shaft support may be stationary or may traverse the main body with the shaft, chuck, and cutting instrument during cutting operations, and will provide rigidity throughout cutting actions without impeding traversal or rotation of the shaft, chuck, and cutting instrument.
4. The workpiece retention structure of claim 1, comprising an interchangeable main vise and a main vise mounting plate, as well as structures necessary for the inclusion of one or more optional vises, an optional guide rail, an optional work stop assembly, optional workpiece supports, and optional vise inserts.
5. The workpiece retention structure of claim 4, wherein the interchangeable main vise may be loosened from the main vise mounting plate, rotated upon said plate, and then tightened to said plate, thereby altering the rotational orientation of the workpiece retention structure.
6. The workpiece retention structure of claim 4, wherein the interchangeable main vise and the optional additional vise may be used to hold a workpiece on either side of a cutting path to facilitate tandem clamping throughout processing operations; said tandem clamping action securing both the finished workpieces as well as additional raw material yet to be processed.
7. The workpiece retention structure of claim 4, where a support arm may be attached to the main vise or the optional secondary vise for the purpose of supporting a workpiece outside the parameters of traditional vises; said support arm may rotate simultaneously with the rotation of the main vise, thereby supporting a workpiece throughout multiple cutting operations without requiring unclamping and reclamping.
8. The workpiece conveyance structure of claim 1, comprising a conveyance structure block, a main vise mounting plate receiver, an optional secondary vise receiver, one or more lead screws, one or more lead screw pillow blocks, and a riser block which attaches to a main body of the cutting instrument structure.
9. The workpiece conveyance structure of claim 8, wherein the conveyance structure may be moved in order to alter a cutting path of the cutting instrument structure upon a workpiece without needing to alter the cutting angle of the cutting path relative to the workpiece; this movement may occur before cutting operations, thereby bringing the cutting path to a desired location upon the workpiece, and such movement may occur during cutting operations, thereby allowing milling of the workpiece.
10. A work stop assembly providing a boundary for a workpiece to be machined, said assembly comprising a contact object, a tower structure, and a rail mount.
11. The contact object of claim 10, comprising a contact surface and a mounting surface opposite said contact surface; the contact surface comprising a three dimensional object which may present a flat, angled, rounded, or shaped surface that is capable of fitting into the negative space of the workpiece to be machined—i.e. a concave contact object for a convex workpiece, a convex contact object for a concave workpiece, an atypical contact object surface for an atypical workpiece surface, or a flat contact object surface for any number of workpiece surfaces.
12. The tower structure of claim 10, comprising a contact object receiver, a head block, and a main body: said contact object receiver allows said contact object to pivot about a point within said receiver and then may clamp said contact object at a desired angle relative to the workpiece; said head block allows said contact object receiver to rotate axially and then may clamp said contact object receiver at a desired orientation relative to the workpiece; said main body, comprising:
- a) a post upon which the head block may be clamped to secure the assembly at a relative height;
- b) a rail mount assembly, of which some portion may fit within a guide rail, upon which the post may be affixed and within which a T-nut screw may be rotated to exert force on the main body and a T-nut to clamp said main body and T-nut onto the guide rail.
13. The rail mount of claim 10, comprising a T-nut, a drilled and tapped aperture in the main body of the tower structure, and a T-nut screw which may be tightened to exert clamping force onto a guide rail or loosened to allow the entire assembly to move within the guide rail.
14. A method for producing doubly-machined workpieces from a length of material without use of a mandrel, comprising the steps of:
- aligning a machining system comprising a cutting instrument structure, a workpiece retention structure, and a workpiece conveyance structure to establish a desired cutting path of the cutting instrument structure on material to be machined relative to the workpiece retention structure, aligning a work stop at a specific angle relative to the cutting path of the cutting instrument structure so as to accommodate the negative space created upon the cycling of the machining system, inserting a piece of material and securing this workpiece at an acceptable position within the workpiece retention structure of the machining system, cycling the cutting instrument structure of the machining system through the cutting path to cut into the workpiece, releasing the workpiece from the workpiece retention structure, moving and twisting the workpiece as necessary to abut the firstly cut surface against the work stop, securing the workpiece within the workpiece retention structure, cycling the cutting instrument structure of the machining system through the cutting path to cut the workpiece a second time—thereby producing one double-machined workpiece and making a first cut in the remaining material to be machined—and repeating those aforementioned steps necessary to continue producing double-machined workpieces until a desired number of double-machined workpieces is produced or the length of material to be machined is exhausted.
15. The method of claim 14, wherein the diameter of a cutting agent is large enough, relative to the size of the workpiece, that the cycling of said cutting instrument through said workpiece may sever a finished workpiece from the remaining material yet to be machined.
16. The method of claim 14, wherein said workpiece retention structure may include one or more vises as well as additional workpiece support arms and workpiece catching structures so as to secure and support a workpiece at both the infeed and outfeed of the system; when utilizing more than one vise to secure a workpiece, the workpiece may be supported on either side of each intended cutting path so as to provide rigidity throughout drilling, tapping, grinding, and other shaping activities, and all components of the workpiece retention structure may be moved simultaneously through the workpiece conveyance structure to allow operators the capability of milling workpieces.
17. The method of claim 16, wherein the cutting path locations and angles may be precisely altered without loosening the workpiece from the workpiece retention structure, even after vises, work stops, and workpiece supports are in place, thereby allowing for separate machining operations to hold relative precision upon a single workpiece.
Type: Application
Filed: Aug 12, 2016
Publication Date: Feb 15, 2018
Patent Grant number: 10245653
Inventor: Robert James Suhling (Waukegan, IL)
Application Number: 15/236,340