EMERGENCY SAFETY MARKER SYSTEM
A method of warning a person of a first vehicle entering a defined boundary. An electronic safety marker is provided proximate the defined boundary. The electronic safety market has an electrical current source, a transmitter, an impact sensor and electrical circuitry interconnecting the electrical current source, the transmitter and the impact sensor. The electronic safety marker is deployed from a second vehicle proximate the defined boundary. A signal is transmitted with the transmitter after the electronic safety marker is deployed. A receiver is positioned a distance from the electronic safety marker. The receiver is capable of receiving the signal. The electronic safety marker is struck by first vehicle. Transmission of the signal is ceased when the electronic safety marker is struck by the first vehicle. An alarm is emitted from the receiver when the receiver ceases receiving the signal to warn the person of the first vehicle entering the defined boundary.
This application is a continuation of U.S. Ser. No. 15/207,929, filed Jul. 12, 2016, which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. Ser. No. 14/481,598, filed on Sep. 9, 2014, which claims the benefit of the U.S. provisional application No. 62/016,407 entitled “Emergency Safety Marker System” filed on Jun. 24, 2014, which is hereby incorporated by reference.
FIELD OF THE INVENTIONThis invention relates generally to flares used by emergency responder personnel to mark an accident scene to warn other people to stay away, and more specifically to electronic safety markers that may be deployed by an emergency responder without risk of physical injury while providing warning to that responder of any reckless motorist approaching the accident scene.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTIONAn integral aspect of daily life is the use of motor vehicles to transport people from one location to another location. Changes in local economies and housing prices have compelled many people to live further from where they work, shop, or seek entertainment. This means that the number of vehicle miles traveled by motorists in many states and cities continue to climb year after year.
Efforts have been made by many states to enhance the speed, efficiency, and convenience of modern road systems. Motor vehicles have also become safer. Despite these efforts, however, roughly 30,000 people die in vehicle accidents in the United States each year in addition to 2 million other injuries arising from the more than 10 million vehicle accidents reported annually.
Vehicle accident scenes are very dangerous, because they represent a stationary obstacle amidst oncoming vehicles travelling at high speeds. Police officers, sheriff deputies, and state troopers are usually the first responders to arrive upon the accident scene. In addition to taking care of traumatized injured drivers and passengers in the damaged vehicles directly involved in the accident, they must set up the initial security perimeter aimed at diverting oncoming motorists safely around the accident scene. This can be very dangerous to law enforcement personnel, as well as other safety responders like ambulances, paramedics, and tow trucks. These dangers are further compounded by darkness and inclement weather. Each year in the U.S. alone, millions of law enforcement officers and first responders risk their lives working on roads, and thousands are injured or die each year in the process.
Many states have enacted “move over” laws that require drivers to slow down or change lanes to move away from stopped emergency vehicles. While these laws are meant to enhance the safety of accident scenes, too many law enforcement officers and other emergency responders are injured or die due to reckless, inattentive, or impaired incoming motorists approaching the accident scene.
It is therefore critical that law enforcement officers and first responders have the necessary equipment to mark the perimeter of an accident scene to warn approaching motorists to stay away. Moreover, it is important that such equipment be deployed in a manner that is safe to the law enforcement officers or first responders. The most basic article of traffic safety marker equipment is the ubiquitous orange cone or pylon. These cones or pylons are portable due to their light weight, and visible over short distances due to their fluorescent orange color. See e.g., U.S. Published Application 2008/0125970 filed by Scheckler. But, they are largely invisible at night, and can easily be blown or knocked over to interfere with their function as a safety hazard marker.
Another common tool used by law enforcement officers and other emergency responders are road-side flares. They constitute sealed containers holding phosphorescent chemicals that can be broken open to ignite the chemicals. The resulting burning fire emits a colored light that is clearly visible at night. While the flares can be dropped along the perimeter of the accident scene by the law enforcement officer, they burn for relatively short time periods, thereby requiring replacement flares to be deployed if the accident scene is not cleared quickly. They also require the law enforcement officer to walk to the edge of the accident scene in the path of rapidly approaching motor vehicles in order to drop the ignited flares onto the pavement.
Electronic flares exist in the market for replacing the traditional chemical-burning phosphorescent flares. U.S. Published Application 2004/0240204 filed by Russ et al. discloses such an electronic flare having a cylindrical housing containing a battery and plurality of light-emitting diode (“LED”) lights positioned around the circumference of the housing. Such a flare merely needs to be turned on via its switch, and can be placed on the ground as a marker. U.S. Published Application 2006/0104054 filed by Coman discloses a dome-shaped flare assembly with a flat bottom and a reflector that disperses light radially. But, these types of electronic flares require manual actuation and deployment along the accident scene pavement, which can be dangerous in the face of high-speed oncoming traffic.
Efforts have also been made to equip law enforcement officers with hand-held light wands that can be used to direct traffic. These devices operate like flash lights except that a transparent tube containing a plurality of battery-powered lights extends from the handle for radiating the light for 360° viewing. The light bulbs can be LED lights for improved visibility. See e.g., U.S. Pat. No. 5,079,679 issued to Chin-Fa, and U.S. Published Application 2008/0094822 filed by Hsu. A colored reflecting tube surrounding the light bulbs can produce the appearance of colored lights for increased attention by motorists. See U.S. Pat. No. 5,622,423 issued to Lee. Alternatively, colored light bulbs or colored light bulbs in combination with white light bulbs can be employed to create sections of different colors along the light wand. See, e.g., U.S. Pat. No. 2,611,019 issued to Warner; U.S. Pat. No. 5,697,695 issued to Lin et al.; and U.S. Pat. No. 5,865,524 issued to Campman.
But in the case of a roadside accident, it may represent an inefficient use of resources to devote a police officer to waving a hand-held light wand to motion approaching motorists away from the accident scene. In some cases, only one police officer may be present at the accident scene. Therefore, a self-standing light device that can be quickly set up by the policeman on the pavement along the perimeter of the accident scene is more convenient. Thus, the light wand can be attached to a tripod base. See, e.g., U.S. Pat. No. 6,899,441 issued to Chen; U.S. Pat. No. 7,011,423 also issued to Chen; U.S. Pat. No. 7,063,444 issued to Lee et al.; and U.S. Pat. No. 7,224,271 issued to Wang. See also U.S. Published Applications 2002/0136005 filed by Lee; 2006/0133074 filed by Lai; and 2008/0036584 filed by Lang et al. In many cases, the tripod legs are permanently attached to the light stick portion of the light wand devices. U.S. Pat. No. 4,055,840 issued to Uchytil et al. shows a safety warning device having a housing and pivotal leg in which a battery-powered light source disposed in a reflector to radiate light which is reflected off a plurality of flexible reflective strips creates the visual appearance of a burning incendiary flare.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,684,452 issued to Wang discloses a warning device consisting of a tripod flash light with a pivoting head lamp. Such a portable device can be set up to direct the light source at varying heights. U.S. Pat. No. 7,021,782 issued to Yerian substitutes a ballast-filled base for the tripod legs connected to the light stick portion of the safety marker device to reduce the chances of it blowing over or getting knocked over.
In other embodiments of electronic safety markers, an electronic light stick is structured so that it can be inserted into the top of a standard traffic cone. See, e.g., U.S. Pat. No. 2,949,531 issued to Lemelson; U.S. Pat. No. 5,453,729 issued to Chu; and U.S. Pat. No. 5,577,824 issued to Wright. The traffic cone serves as the base for the light stick unit.
The light source used in safety markers can also flash for added attention and visibility. See U.S. Pat. Nos. 7,905,622 and 7,997,764 issued to Nielson; and U.S. Pat. No. 7,195,370 issued to Riblett et al.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,754,124 issued to Daggett et al. discloses an electrical hazard warning system comprising a charging base for a couple of transparent, cone-shaped markers containing a light bulb. The electronics are placed in the bottom of the marker to provide ballast for keeping the markers upright when they are positioned on the ground. The charging base can be placed in the trunk of a police car so that the marker devices are readily available for deployment at accident scenes.
Other safety marker devices available in the industry contain a rounded base that is filled with ballast, so that if the device is tipped over, it will stand upright again. See, e.g., U.S. Pat. No. 1,228,615 issued to Stafford; U.S. Pat. No. 5,590,956 issued to Messana et al.; and U.S. Pat. No. 6,808,291 issued to Aylward et al. U.S. Pat. No. 7,030,929 issued to Chang et al. claims to accomplish the same result using an ovate (egg-shaped) housing.
Other electric safety marker devices available in the industry are compact in their storage state. For example, U.S. Published Application 2014/0096712 issued to Houle et al. teaches a hollow tetrahedron with four vortexes formed by connecting rods. The device can be expanded from its collapsed state to its tetrahedral state, and a light positioned on the top vortex allows it to act as a deployable safety marker. U.S. Pat. No. 3,426,343 issued to Carlson discloses a light unit comprising a base containing a battery and a light bulb with a cone-shaped top that can be manually pulled upwards to produce a red colored conical housing that is lit up by the light bulb.
But all of these prior art safety markers require manual actuation and deployment by the police officer or other emergency responder. This can expose the police officer or other emergency responder to the risk of physical injury by oncoming motorists.
Still other safety marker devices are designed for rapid deployment by throwing or dropping them onto the ground. For example, U.S. Pat. No. 3,128,951 issued to Nicholl shows a substantially spherical shaped housing that is lit up by a light bulb contained inside and can be rolled along the ground. The lamp units are stored in a container, and they automatically light up upon their removal from their container. U.S. Pat. No. 4,480,294 issued to Carboni discloses a cubic lamp box having six identical sides. Light bulbs contained inside the box shine through windows in the housing sides. The light box is thrown along the ground, and when it comes to rest on one of its sides, the lights shine through the resulting side and top windows.
But, because such safety marker devices can roll freely along the ground, they cannot be deployed by the police officer or other emergency responder accurately at a particular location around the accident scene without being manually set in place at the desired location on the ground. Again, this produces the risk of physical injury for the person deploying the safety marker.
U.S. Pat. No. 6,480,115 issued to Ghahramani discloses a mine hazard marker that is deployed on a battlefield by a tank. It comprises a mast head with a flag and spring-actuated legs. When the marker devices is dropped on to the ground by the tank or tank operator, a skid plate impacted by the ground causes the legs to deploy using a mechanical mechanism. No light is associated with this marker device.
Still other safety markers containing LED lights contain radio frequency or infrared receivers. An operator can remotely turn on the lights by transmitting a radio frequency (“RF”) or infrared (“IR”) signal. See e.g., U.S. Pat. No. 7,878,678 issued to Stamatatos et al., and U.S. Published Application 2011/0249430 filed by Stamatatos et al.
Other marker devices can send warning signals or messages. For example, U.S. Pat. No. 6,952,168 issued to Recko, Jr. et al. teaches an audio module that can be set into the top of a warning cone. The module contains an infrared detector and an associated warning system message. Deployed by a janitor around a wet floor, the device senses an approaching pedestrian, and emits an audible warning message about the potential danger posed by the wet floor. U.S. Pat. No. 7,030,777 issued to Nelson et al. provides a cone-mounted roadway incursion alert system. A series of the devices are mounted onto traffic cones positioned around a construction zone. When an approaching car physically hits one of the cones, an impact sensor in the device sends a warning message to the construction workers about the potential danger posed to them by the car.
U.S. Published Application 2008/0125970 issued to Scheckler discloses a traffic safety pylon with a GPS-locating and RF-signaling capability. A radio transmitter sends a signal to a central dispatcher for the location of the pylon based on the GPS unit contained in the pylon. See also U.S. Pat. No. 7,195,370 issued to Riblett et al.
Therefore, providing an electronic lighted safety marker system used by emergency responders to warn motorists on roadways to avoid an accident scene, and that can be deployed by such emergency responders with minimal risk to their own personal safety would be highly beneficial. Such safety marker system should simultaneously provide adequate prior warnings to motorists of the stationary accident scene, and to the emergency responders of reckless incoming motorists that may represent their own safety hazard to the emergency responder.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTIONAn electronic lighted safety marker system used by emergency responders to warn motorists on roadways of the presence of an accident scene ahead on the roadway or beside the roadway is provided by the invention. Such markers can be deployed individually or in groups by the emergency responder along the perimeter of the accident scene and ideally ahead of it along the roadway to provide adequate warning to approaching motorists to avoid the accident scene. The markers contain a power source, a light panel, a protective shield for the light panel, and electronic circuitry for controlling the operation of the lights in a predetermined frequency or pattern. One or more of the lights may be colored or operate in a strobe pattern for enhanced visibility for the motorists.
At the same time, the marker device has a self-righting base. An emergency responder can manually drop or drop via an electro-mechanical device the marker device from his vehicle, and have the marker device stand up in a substantially vertical orientation after it hits the ground. In this manner, the emergency responder need not leave the safety of his vehicle to deploy the marker on or along the roadway and therefore suffer the risk being struck by an approaching motorist.
The safety marker device should contain a low-impact sensor switch operatively connected to the electronic circuitry to automatically extend the light panel to its optimal height and turn on the lights when the marker device strikes the ground or other hard surface. The lights along the light panel should preferably be visible around a 360° perimeter for enhanced visibility to approaching motorists no matter what is the orientation of the marker device with respect to the roadway and motorists.
The safety marker device should also contain a high-impact sensor switch that detects when a reckless motorist directly approaching the accident scene hits the marker, and provides an audible warning sound or message to the emergency responder of the potential danger represented by the rapidly-approaching, out-of-control vehicle. By positioning several of the marker devices a predetermined distance ahead of the accident scene, the emergency responder can receive an adequate warning of the reckless, inattentive, or impaired approaching motorist with sufficient time to move out of the way to safety and thereby avoid personal injury while attending to the accident scene.
The safety marker devices can also contain a GPS transmitter for sending a signal regarding the location of the marker to a central dispatch department. In this manner, the central dispatch department can quickly send emergency help to an emergency responder who is injured by another motorist at the accident scene. The emergency responder can also send his own distress signal accompanied by the GPS location coordinates to the control dispatch department or another emergency responder to ask for help.
The safety marker device can also contain a transmitter for emitting an emergency radar signal. This transmitter constantly sends out a feedback radar signal triggered by the deployment of the device itself that can be received by vehicles equipped with on-board radar capabilities used to detect objects like other cars or animals in the roadway. The safety marker in this manner can send a warning to the driver of an oncoming vehicle to slow down or move to another lane to avoid the accident scene before a crash occurs. This will enhance the personal safety of the victims of the crash scene and the emergency responders.
This GPS location identification system also enables an emergency responder at an emergency scene like a land slide or fallen bridge to deploy one or more of the safety marker devices to alert subsequently dispatched emergency responders of the location of the emergency scene. This functionality allows the first emergency responder to leave the accident scene to attend to other duties secure in the knowledge that his backup responders will find the emergency scene.
The GPS location identification system contained in the safety marker devices are also useful for providing guidance to approaching helicopters. The emergency responder may position a plurality of safety markers around the perimeter of a safe landing zone in a field to alert via the GPS functionality the pilot to the location of the zone in which he should land his helicopter safely away from hazards like overhead power lines and trees. This is particularly useful for pilots who need to land helicopters at night or in inclement weather like fog.
The safety marker of the present invention may also comprise a hand-held unit comprising a power source, a light panel, a protective shield for the light panel, and electronic circuitry for controlling the operation of the lights in a predetermined frequency or pattern. One or more of the lights may be colored or operate in a strobe pattern for enhanced visibility for the motorists. This hand-held unit also comprises a manually-operated actuation switch connected to the electronic circuitry for extending the light panel and turning on the lights. The lights along the light panel should preferably be visible around a 360° perimeter for enhanced visibility to approaching motorists no matter what is the orientation of the marker device to the roadway and motorists. The hand-held unit may be used by an emergency responder to direct traffic at an accident scene, or be mounted to the top of a conventional traffic cone to provide a deployed safety marker. Accordingly, this hand-held unit also comprises a high-impact sensor switch that detects when a reckless motorist directly approaching the accident scene hits the marker, and provides an audible warning sound or message to the emergency responder of the potential danger, as well as a GPS transmitter for sending a signal regarding the location of the marker to a central dispatch department, transmitter for emitting an feedback radar signal to on-board radar receiver units in oncoming vehicles. By positioning several of the marker devices mounted to cones a predetermined distance ahead of the accident scene, the emergency responder can receive an adequate warning of a reckless, inattentive, or impaired approaching motorist with sufficient time to move out of the way to safety and thereby avoid personal injury while attending the accident scene, and warn the motorist ahead of time via the feedback radar signal to slow down or switch lanes to avoid the accident scene.
In the accompanying drawings:
An electronic lighted safety marker system used by emergency responders to warn motorists of the presence of an accident scene ahead on or beside the roadway is provided by the invention. Such markers can be deployed individually or in groups by the emergency responder along the perimeter of the accident scene and ideally ahead of it along the roadway to provide adequate warning to approaching motorists to avoid the accident scene. The markers contain a power source, a light panel, a protective shield for the light panel, and electronic circuitry for controlling the operation of the lights in a predetermined frequency or pattern. One or more of the lights may be colored or operate in a strobe pattern for enhanced visibility for the motorists. The markers can also contain: a self-righting base that causes the marker to automatically return to its vertical position after it has been dropped by an emergency responder onto the ground or knocked or blown over after deployment; a low-impact sensor switch operatively connected to the electronic circuitry to automatically extend the light panel from its retracted, standby position to its extended, actuated position to its optimal height and turn on the lights when the marker device strikes the ground or other hard surface; a high-impact sensor switch that detects when a reckless motorist directly approaching the accident scene hits the marker, and provides an audible warning sound or message to the emergency responder of the potential incoming danger; a GPS transmitter for sending a signal regarding the location of the marker to a central dispatch department, so that the dispatcher can quickly send emergency help to an emergency responder who is injured by an incoming motorist at the accident scene; and a transmitter for constantly sending out a feedback radar signal triggered by the deployment of the device itself that can be received by vehicles equipped with on-board radar capabilities to warn the driver of an oncoming vehicle to slow down or move to another lane to avoid the accident scene before a crash occurs. When deployed at an accident scene, this safety marker provides a highly visible warning to oncoming motorists to slow down or switch lanes to avoid a crash with the vehicle at the accident scene, while also allowing the emergency responder to deploy the safety marker without jeopardizing his physical safety, and warn him of incoming reckless drivers that might cause further injury to him. The safety marker device may be capable of standing on its own at the accident scene, or constitute a hand-held device with a capability for mounting it to the top of a traffic cone for use at an accident scene. The safety marker may also be equipped with a gunshot sensor that detects the occurrence of a potential gunshot, transmitting a warning message to the central dispatcher along with the GPS location coordinates for the deployed safety marker and the potentially shot emergency responder.
In the context of the present application, “roadway” means a highway, freeway, road, street, rural or county route, or other paved or unpaved surface public way used by motor vehicles.
For purposes of the present invention, “emergency responder” means a person whose job is to respond to a stopped motor vehicle or vehicles along a roadway and attend to their safety needs, such as a policeman, state trooper, sheriff, deputy sheriff, ambulance, paramedic, fireman, or tow truck operator. Emergency responders also include non-official personnel like utility equipment repairmen, road construction crews, and road maintenance crews.
For purposes of this application, “accident scene” means a motor vehicle or motor vehicles on or adjacent to a roadway that have been stopped because of an accident or crash, flat tire, engine stall or disabled condition, medical emergency suffered by a driver or passenger in the motor vehicle, or other problem or emergency experienced by a vehicle or persons inside such vehicle.
The safety marker system 10 of the present invention is shown in
A plurality of safety markers 30 of the present invention have been positioned by the policeman on the roadway 14 around the accident scene to provide an additional visual warning to approaching motorists. The safety markers 30a, 30b, 30c, 30d, 30e, and 30f are positioned along roadway 14 in a conventional manner with markers 30b, 30c, and 30d positioned to gradually block incoming traffic from right-hand lane 20, and divert it to left-hand lane 22. Safety markers 30e and 30f are position on roadway 12 to cause approaching motorists to continue to drive in left-hand lane 22, so that right-hand lane 30 is free of traffic to provide a buffer between the passenger car 14 and police car 16 and their occupants from the passing traffic. This buffer provides additional safety to the policeman who may need to walk along the roadway 12 and the accident scene to attend to the occupants of passenger car 12, clear vehicular debris from the roadway, or investigate and gather evidence at the accident scene. As a further safety measure, safety mark 30a is positioned beside roadway 12 physically behind police car 16, so that it will be struck by a tired, inattentive, or impaired approaching motorist before that motorist can crash into the police car. This ability to detect a physical incursion by an approaching motorist into the buffer space set up by the safety markers 30a, 30b, 30c, 30d, 30e, and 30f around the accident scene represents an important feature of the safety marker system 10 of the present invention.
Safety marker 30 is shown in its retracted, standby position in
Light array assembly 40 comprises a stanchion tube 42 that is fixed in a vertical orientation to upper housing 36 of the base 32 via inlet hole 38. Positioned inside the interior region of a stanchion tube 42 is a light array wand 44 for linear movement between its retracted, standby position (
The functional components of the safety marker 30 are depicted in the electrical circuit diagram 49 shown in
Current 52 in safety marker 30 will also flow through the circuit to opened sensor switch 60. This sensor switch 60 is located inside light array wand 44, preferably near its upper end. If an oncoming motorist who is tired, distracted, or reckless strikes the deployed safety marker 30 with his vehicle, the impact will actuate sensor switch 60 to close it, thereby allowing electrical current 52 to flow to screamer mechanism 62. This screamer mechanism 62 comprises a sound module for producing an audible warning sound or message to alert the policemen or other emergency responder at the accident scene of the potential danger posed to his personal safety by the rapidly approaching motorist.
In an alternate embodiment, the safety marker can be equipped with a transmitter and the emergency vehicle can be equipped with a receiver and alarm (sound and/or light). Alternatively, the receiver can be located near on the emergency responder. The transmitter continually sends a signal to the receiver. Upon impact of a vehicle or other object with the safety marker, the impact is recognized by the safety marker and the signal is no longer transmitted by the transmitter or received by the receiver, causing the receiver to sound or signal an alarm, warning the emergency responder. (If the impact between the vehicle and safety marker destroys the safety marker, the effect is the same—the signal is no longer transmitted by the transmitter or received by the receiver, causing the alarm to issue.)
The advantage of this alternate arrangement is that destruction of the safety marker nevertheless assures a warning signal will issue. Further, the location of the alarm in the emergency vehicle puts it closer to the emergency responder, making it more likely the emergency responder will hear or see the alarm.
Finally, electrical current 52 flows to location detector and transmitter 64. This is preferably a GPS transponder that applies triangulation from multiple cellular towers to determine the physical location of the safety marker 30, and automatically transmit the location coordinates to another party, such as a police station central dispatcher, who can then contact the policemen or other emergency responder at the accident scene to determine whether that person has been struck or injured by the oncoming motorist, and send emergency assistance where required. By receiving the GPS location coordinates transmitted by the safety marker 30, the central dispatcher can send the emergency assistance to the correct accident scene with confidence. Because of its circuitry 49, the location detector and transmitter 64 is only activated if the screamer mechanism is activated by the sensor switch 60. At the same time, it is only powered if the safety marker 30 is deployed by the emergency responder to extend the light array wand 44 and turn on the lights 58 by closing sensor switch 54 when the base of the safety marker strikes the ground or other hard surface.
The base 32 of safety marker 30 is shown in greater detail in
Fitted inside upper chamber 76 is battery bay 78 contained within housing 80. A plurality of batteries 50 are positioned inside this battery bay, such as in a circular arrangement around stabilization rod 82. These batteries are wired together and connected to contact strip 84 located on the top exterior surface of lower housing 34 to provide a source of electrical current to the safety marker 30, including to its light bulbs 58 in the light array wand 44. The batteries could be alternatively deployed inside upper housing 76 in a linear or stacked arrangement. The batteries may be replaceable. Alternatively, they may be rechargeable with a plug 81 provided in the sidewall 80 of lower base housing 34 for a power cord. By positioning the batteries 50 in upper chamber 76 of base 32, they are protected from moisture and other adverse weather elements.
Alternatively, batteries 50 can be positioned inside lower chamber 74 to further lower the center of mass of the safety marker 30 to enable its self-righting feature. A smaller amount of weighted pellets 75 may be required inside lower chamber 74 due to the weight contributed by the batteries 50, or the weighted pellets may be eliminated entirely.
The electrical power requirement for safety marker 30 will depend upon the number and nature of the electrical components that need to be energized, and the desired duration of deployment, particularly in the dark when the on-board solar panel 104 cannot provide supplemental electrical power. The total battery capacity should be 5-50V, preferably 10-30V so that the safety marker may be deployed at the accident scene for at least four hours without running out of its electrical charge.
Instead of a solid plastic material, housing 70 may constitute a protective boot 70 made from a high-impact resistant, but elastomeric material like natural or synthetic rubber or a polymer material like silicone, acrylonitrile butadiene (“ABS”), or high-impact polystyrene. Such material has a pliable characteristic that becomes deformed when the base 32 of the safety marker 30 strikes the ground or other hard surface. The protective boot 70 also protects the components contained inside the lower housing 34 from rain, snow, dirt, rocks, grime, or other elements.
Also positioned inside lower chamber 74 of lower housing 34 is low-impact sensor switch 86 that provides the functionality of sensor switch 54 shown in
Upper housing 36 is shown in greater detail in
Contained inside this housing 90 are electronics bay 92 and GPS bay 94. Electronics bay 92 in turn contains a plurality of circuit boards 96 that provide the necessary electronic circuitry for the operation of safety marker 30. This includes the circuitry 98 connected to the low-impact sensor switch 86 that in turn is located in the battery bay 78; the screamer module 100 and its circuitry connected to the high-impact sensor switch 102 that in turn is located near the top of the light array wand 44; and early-warning radar transponder 104 and its circuitry that transmits a warning signal to on-board radar signal receivers that that are increasingly available in automobiles as a safety feature. Such on-board receivers will receive and communicate to the oncoming driver a transmitted warning signal or message for the accident scene ahead along the roadway to enhance the chances of the driver slowing down his speed or switching to the left-hand lane in order to exercise caution when passing the accident scene. These features of the safety marker 30 will be described more fully below.
Mounted to the exterior of the housing 90 is a small solar panel 106 that captures sunlight and converts it into on-board photovoltaic power for the safety marker. Circuitry contained inside the electronics bay 92 provides this photovoltaic power as electric current to the circuit boards 96 and electronic components contained inside the safety marker to extend the battery life of the safety marker.
GPS bay 94 contains GPS location detector and transmitter 64 described more fully below for producing location coordinates for the safety marker. This data is transmitted to a central dispatcher as described above for providing an accurate location of the accident scene in case backup assistance needs to be sent to the emergency responders at the accident scene.
Screamer speaker 108 is mounted to the exterior of housing 90 adjacent to the GPS bay. This speaker is connected via its electrical circuit to screamer module 62 to emit the emergency warning sound or message if an oncoming motorist strikes the safety marker 30 near the accident scene and actuates high-impact sensor witch 60. This warning sound or message enables the emergency responder at the accident scene to jump to a safe location to avoid physical injury.
GPS bay 94 and electronics bay 92 are stacked one on top of the other inside upper housing 90. Contacts strip 110 located along the bottom surface of the upper housing engages contacts strip 84 located along the top surface of the lower housing 80 so that when the upper housing is operatively connected to the lower housing, a unified electrical circuit is produced containing battery 50, circuit boards 96, low-impact sensor switch 86, high-impact sensor switch 60, screamer module 62, location detector and transmitter 64, radar warning transmitter 104, and lights 58. A plurality of contact strips 112 mounted to the plurality of circuit boards 96 connects them to each other electrically. Finally, stabilization rod 82 passes through upper housing 90 and lower housing 80 and the GPS bay 94, electronics bay 92, and battery bay 78 contained therein to provide proper orientation of the components and lateral stability around the vertical axis provided by the stabilization rod 82. Stabilization rod 82 is securely connected to partition wall 71 in lower base housing 34 to hold all of the components together.
Light array wand 44 is shown more fully in
Positioned along the exterior surface of core substrate 50 is a plurality of light bulbs 52. These light bulbs 52 may compromise incandescent, LED, CFL, fluorescent lamps, or any other suitable emitter of light. The light bulbs 52 may be positioned in one or more columns along each exterior face of the core substrate 50. They may also be positioned in a single row or multiple rows along the exterior faces of the core substrate 50. Preferably, the light bulbs 52 are positioned sufficiently around the perimeter of core substitute 50 to enable the core substrate to emit light in an arc of 90-360°, preferably 150-360°, even more preferably 360°. In this manner, an approaching motorist will see the warning light emitted by the light bulbs 52 positioned along core substrate 50 regardless of the specific orientation of the safety marker 30 positioned along roadway 12 with respect to the angle of the approaching motorist. Light output is measured primarily in lumens. A single LED bulb can produce from 2 to 200 lumens in light output depending upon how it is driven. Adding more individual LED bulbs will increase the lumen output. The light bulbs 58 contained in the light array wand should produce approximately 2 to 20,000 lumens of light output.
Carrier tube 48 should be made from a material that is transparent or semi-transparent and durable. The light 52 must readily shine through this carrier tube for optimal visibility. At the same time, the carrier tube 48 should be sufficiently impact-resistant to protect the components contained inside it if the safety marker 30 should be struck by an oncoming vehicle, or otherwise knocked onto the ground. Acrylic, polycarbonate, or clear ABS plastics are good choices. But any other plastic polymer or other material exhibiting these characteristics may be used.
The light bulbs 58 contained in the light array wand 44 may be colored for added visibility to the approaching motorist. For example, the light bulbs may be red or blue, which are colors reserved for police and other law enforcement officials. Alternatively, the light array may be broken up into alternating segments of red and blue lamps. In another alterative embodiment, all the lamps in the light array may be white with the transparent carrier tube 48 instead colored red or blue or alternating red and blue segments.
Because the safety marker 30 of the present invention is also useful for non-law enforcement personnel, such as tow truck operators, road construction crews, or utility equipment repairmen, the light array may contain instead yellow light bulbs 58. Alternatively, it may contain white light bulbs shining through a yellow-colored transparent carrier tube 48. Yellow safety warning lights are widely associated by motorists with a construction or repair scene that requires motorists to slow their speed to pass or switch to a lane further away from the stopped vehicles to pass.
To add further visibility to the safety marker 30 of the present invention, the lights 58 contained in the extended light array panel 46 may blink on and off in a constant or timed cycle. A strobe light beacon 56 may also be positioned on top of the light array wand 44 to emit a pulsating white light.
To address reduced night-time visibility, one or more bands 59 of fluorescent color like orange, yellow, or green may be positioned along the circumference of stanchion tube 42. The bands will be reflected by the headlights of approaching motorists. They may be provided to the stanchion tube by means of paint or reflective tape.
In order to further help approaching motorists to notice the presence of the safety marker 30 along the roadway 12, an array of lights, such as LED strobe bulbs 60, may be positioned around the perimeter of the base 32. The pulsating lights, especially if colored, will be noticeable from a distance.
A day/night switch 117 may be mounted to the base housing 90. LED bulbs 58 in particular need to be bright enough during daylight hours to be seen by oncoming motorists. But, their high lumen intensity often makes them too bright during nighttime hours. Thus, this switch 117 may be integrated with the circuitry for the lights 58 to either turn off some of the light bulbs during nighttime deployment hours, turn on and off separate sets of light bulbs having different wattages for daylight versus nighttime hours (higher wattages for daylight, lower wattages for nighttime), or act to reduce the voltage directed to the light bulbs to dim their lumen intensity.
While the visibility to approaching motorists of the safety marker 30 and the usage of a possibility of such marker in the safety marker system 10 is an important feature of the present invention, even more important is the ability of emergency responders to safely deploy the markers 30 along the roadway 12 around the accident scene without subjecting themselves to injury or death by inattentive, impaired, incapacitated, or reckless approaching motorists. Therefore, the safety marker 30 should be preferably be capable of being dropped by the emergency responder onto the pavement and automatically actuated to its extended, lighted status without the emergency responder having to get out of his vehicle.
The inlet hole 38 in the top of the upper base housing 36 accommodates the light array wand assembly 40 of the safety marker 30. The inside diameter of this inlet hole should be approximately the same size as the outside diameter of stanchion tube 42. In this manner, the lower end of stanchion tube 42 may be securely held in place by inlet hole 38, as further laterally supported by stabilization rod 82 that extends vertically from the lower base housing 34 and upper base housing 36 into the core substrate 46 of the light array wand 44. Stanchion tube 42 will define the vertical axis A-A, and provide support to light array wand 40, which travels inside the stanchion tube between its standby position and extended position along the vertical axis A-A.
The triggering mechanism for the automatic extension of the light array wand 44 and actuation of the lights 58 contained inside the safety marker 30 is low-impact sensor switch 54/86 located inside lower chamber 74 in lower base housing 34. It comprises a disturbance sensitivity switch, shock switch, inertia switch, contact switch, or tilt switch, such as the ones available from Select Controls, Inc. of Bohemia, N.Y. This low-impact sensor switch 90 is designed to detect instances of sudden impact or severe vibration when the base 32 or side of the safety marker 30 hits the ground or other hard surface. Similar to airbag deployment sensors or car alarm sensors used in vehicles, this shock/impact sensor outputs a value that represents the severity of the impact or severe vibration experienced by the safety marker, and compares this value against a preprogrammed threshold value approximating the impact when the safety marker is dropped from a height of about 2.5 feet from the ground or other hard surface. The switch should preferably be positioned inside the lower chamber 74 of the lower base housing 32 adjacent to the bottom or side wall. When the marker base hits the ground or other hard surface, the slightly pliable material of the bottom or side wall gives way to enable the impact to activate the switch.
Shock sensors share technology types with accelerometers and vibration sensors. Shock may be measured using piezoelectric or piezoresistive means, as well as strain gages.
Piezoelectric sensors represent one of the most widely used sensor types for shock measurements due to their inherent ruggedness and adaptability. This type of sensor relies upon a piezoelectric material like a quartz crystal or polycrystalline ceramic material to sense changes in force. The piezoelectric effect refers to the accumulation of an electrical charge in the material due to mechanical stress. Piezoelectric shock sensors use some type of piezoelectric material in close proximity to a solid mass. When forces are applied to the device, the material responds to the compression or strain provided by the mass. Due to Newton's Second Law of Motion (F=m·a), the change in electric charge within the material is equal to the force acting against it, thereby allowing the sensor to effectively measure the shock imposed upon the dropped safety marker when it hits the ground.
Piezoresistive sensors are similar to piezoelectric sensors, except that their output is measured at a change in resistance, instead of electric charge. They are typically manufactured as semiconductors with separate resistive circuits for each axis to be measured. Each axis includes multiple piezoresistors that decrease their resistive value when force is applied. Piezoresistive accelerometers intended for shock and impact measurement are usually designed to include semiconductor strain gages for stability. This type of sensor is typically selected for applications that require the measurement of steady, long-duration shocks.
If the force of impact or shock measured by low-impact sensor switch 54/86 when the dropped safety mark 30 hits the ground or other hard surface meets or exceeds the preprogrammed volume for a 2.5-3.0 foot drop, the sensor will close switch 54 (see
There are several different embodiments available under the safety marker 30 of the present invention for this mechanism 56 for extending the light array wand 44, as shown in
When actuated, the low-impact sensor switch 54/86 closes its switch to send electrical current to servo motor 136 to cause it to start to rotate drive gear 134. The rotating teeth 138 engaging the plurality of apertures 132 in gear strip along carrier tube 48 causes the light array wand assembly 40 to move vertically within stanchion tube 42 until perimeter lip 126 carrier tube 48 abuts the shoulders 128 formed within stanchion tube 42 to halt the upward movement of the light array wand assembly 40. At this point the light array wand assembly of the safety marker is in its fully extended configuration. Spring-loaded release pin 138 extending partially into chamber 122 engages the bottom surface of lip 126 of the carrier tube to support the light array wand assembly in its fully extended position. Meanwhile, female contacts embedded within the sidewall of carrier tube 48 make electrical contact with male contacts positioned along the sidewall of stanchion tube 42 to complete the electrical circuit for delivering current to lights 52 contained inside light wand 44.
When the emergency responder wishes to return the light array wand to its standby position after the accident scene is cleared, he simply disengages the release pin 138 to allow the light array wand to be manually pushed down into the stanchion tube 42. The clutch in the servo motor 136 has disengaged when the light wand has reached its extended position. Thus, it provides no resistance to the drive gear 134 which rotates freely as the light array wand is pushed down to its retracted, standby position.
Alternatively, the actuator mechanism 54 may compromise the gas propellant embodiment shown in
When actuated, the low-impact sensor switch 54, 86 closes its switch to send electrical current to solenoid actuator 150. This solenoid actuator in turn causes the end of linkage 140 to which it is connected to be lowered, raising in the process the other end of the linkage to pull firing pin 146 out of the throat of the gas cylinder 144 to open the valve. This allows the compressed gas contained inside the cylinder to escape inside chamber 122. This gas escapes in a short, quick burst because the solenoid actuator 150 quickly acts to raise its end of the linkage 148 to lower the other end and cause the firing pin to close the cylinder once again. The released burst of compressed gas pushes against the cup seal 142 to raise the light array wand inside stanchion tube 42 until it reaches its fully extended position when lips 126 of the carrier tube abut shoulders 128 in stanchion tube. Release pin 138 supports the light array wand in its vertically extended position. Mating female and male contacts complete the electrical circuit to deliver electric current to lights 52 inside the light array wand, as before.
A pressure relief valve 152 inside the stanchion tube 42 enables the emergency responder to evacuate the escaped compressed gas from chamber 122 so he can manually push the light array wand 44 back to its retracted, standby position when the accident scene is cleared.
A spring embodiment 160 for the actuator mechanism 54 is shown in
When actuated, the low-impact sensor switch 54/86 closes its switch to send electrical current to the solenoid actuator 100. This solenoid actuator in turn causes the actuator arm 166 to move to disengage hook 168 from recess 170 in the retaining member 164. This allows the compression spring 162 to expand to its fully length, using its stored energy to push against the bottom surface of the light array wand to raise it inside stanchion tube 42 to its extended position when lips 126 of the carrier tube abut shoulders 128 in stanchion tube. Release pin 138 supports the light array wand in its vertically extended position. Mating female and male contacts complete the electrical circuit to deliver electric current to lights 52 inside the light array wand, as before.
The emergency responder can push the light array wand down to its retracted, standby position after the accident scene is cleared, compressing spring 162 in the process. Hook 168 will engage the spring once again to retain it in its compressed state.
A jack screw embodiment 180 for the actuator mechanism 54 is shown in
When actuated, the low-impact sensor switch 54/86 closes its switch to send electrical current to motor 186. The energized motor rotates threaded column 184 to raise base support 182 and with it the light array wand inside stanchion tube 42 to its extended position when lips 126 of the carrier tube abut shoulders 128 in stanchion tube. Release pin 138 supports the light array wand in its vertically extended position. Mating female and male contacts complete the electrical circuit to deliver electric current to lights 52 inside the light array wand, as before.
When the emergency responder wishes to return the light array wand in the safety marker to its retracted, standby position after the accident scene is cleared, he causes the motor 186 to turn the threaded column 184 in the opposite direction.
The lower chamber 74 of the lower base housing 34 is filled with a plurality of weighted pellets, such as lead shot or plastic polymer pellets. These weighted pellets act to lower the center of gravity of the safety marker 30. In this manner, when the safety marker is dropped onto the roadway 14 or other hard surface, it will stand upright as the rounded, weighted bottom surface rolls along the roadway, even if it initially lands on its side or at an angle with respect to its vertical axis A-A. This self-righting feature enables the emergency responder to drop the safety marker 30 at the desired location around the accident scene perimeter with confidence that it will come to rest deployed along its vertical axis A-A. The emergency responder does not need to get out of his vehicle to manually deploy the safety marker in a vertical orientation, where he might subject himself to the danger of being struck by an approaching motorist.
A plurality of batteries 50 are positioned around stabilization rod 82 in upper chamber 74 of lower base housing 34. These batteries are wired together to provide the necessary electrical power source to the light bulbs 52 of the light array wand 44. The batteries may be replaceable. Alternatively, they may be rechargeable with a plug 81 provided in the sidewall 80 of lower base housing 34 for a power cord. By positioning the batteries 50 in upper chamber 76 of base 32, they are protected from moisture and other adverse weather elements. They alternatively may be placed inside lower chamber 74 to provide their collective weight to further lower the center of gravity of the safety marker 30 to enhance its self-righting capability and reduce the amount of weighted pellets required.
The sidewall 80 of battery bay 78 of base 32 is made from a suitable impact-resistant material like polystyrene plastic. This will help to absorb the impact of the dropped safety marker 30 by the ground or other hard surface to protect the unit, itself, as well as the electronics contained inside the unit over a prolonged time period of usage.
Instead of low-impact sensor switch 54/86, the safety marker 30 may be equipped with two contact plates 72 and 73 positioned across lower chamber 74 inside lower base housing 34 (see
The safety marker 30 may also contain a manually-operated switch 116 located in the sidewall 90 of upper housing 36 (see
As shown in
Low-impact sensor switch 54/86 or manual on-off switch 116 may have a delay circuit built into it so that a predetermined delay period (e.g., 5-15 seconds) occurs after the switch is actuated before the associated functionality in the safety marker (i.e. light wand extension or turning on the lights) is in turn actuated. This delay feature enhances safety for the emergency responder so that he is not blinded by the lights suddenly being turned on, or have his eye accidently poked by the extended light wand. At the same time, the delay period should be short enough in duration so that the resulting actuation of the safety marker's functionality is rapid enough to ensure the emergency responder that the unit is working properly.
Another important feature of the safety marker 30 of the present invention for enhancing the safety and well-being of an emergency responder at an accident scene is its incursion detection system. A high-impact sensor switch 60 is preferably positioned inside the light array wand 44 near its upper end, as shown in
The high-impact sensor switch 60 comprises an inertia switch or a shock sensor switch, such as the ones available from Select Controls, Inc. of Bohemia, N.Y. The high-impact sensor switch 60 operates similarly to the low-impact sensor switch 54/86 described above. It measures the degree of impact created on the safety marker by an incoming motor vehicle driven by an inattentive, impaired, or reckless motorist hitting the safety marker, and may be adjusted for a predetermined triggering speed threshold. If the impact exceeds the equivalent of, e.g., twenty miles per hours, then the high-impact sensor switch 60 will actuate via a separate switch in the circuitry an on-board screamer device 62 which is connected to a speaker 108 mounted to the base of the safety marker 30. The screamer device 62 will emit via, e.g., a computer-actuated sound chip a loud wailing sound or audible warning message that can be heard by the emergency responder. By prepositioning the safety marker 30 a predetermined distance from the accident scene towards the oncoming traffic (e.g., 30 feet), sufficient time will be provided after an oncoming motorist′ vehicle strikes the safety marker and the screamer device emits its wailing sound or warning message for the emergency responder to jump out of harm's way.
This early warning detection feature of the safety marker system of the present invention may be analogized to a baseball game. If a batter hits a pitched baseball travelling at 100 mph, the resulting hit ball also travelling at approximately 100 mph will travel the 60 feet to reach the pitcher in approximately 0.41 seconds. But it will not reach an outfielder standing 350 feet from home plate for 2.39 seconds. If the accident scene is analogized to being located in the outfield, and the safety marker is analogized to being located at home plate, then the emergency responder located at the accident scene will receive much more advanced warning provided by the deployed safety marker of the potential danger posed by the incoming vehicle than if he was standing on the pitcher's mound.
The safety marker 30 of the present invention will provide an alert in advance to the emergency responder at the safety marker for a variety of different combinations of incoming vehicle speed and distance travelled, as shown below in Table 1.
For example, if the incoming vehicle is approaching the accident scene at 60 mph and strikes a safety marker deployed 50 yards ahead of the accident scene, the emergency responder will receive approximately 1.7 seconds of advanced warning provided by the screamer in the safety marker before the vehicle actually reaches the accident scene. On the other hand, if the safety marker is deployed 200 yards ahead of the accident scene, the emergency responder will receive approximately 6.8 seconds of advanced warning for the same incoming vehicle travelling at 60 mph. If the safety marker is deployed instead one-quarter mile ahead of the accident scene, then the advanced warning provided to the emergency responder will increase to 15 seconds for the same incoming vehicle travelling at 60 mph. Thus, this early warning feature provided by the safety marker of the present invention may save the life of the emergency responder, or at least protect him from serious bodily injury.
As an additional safety measure, the emergency responder may be equipped with a small remote transponder containing a speaker worn on, e.g., the lapel of his uniform. The speaker may contain a radio frequency receiver in communication with a corresponding RF transmitter 280 connected to the screamer device 62 in the base of the safety marker. This will enable the wailing sound or audible warning message emitted by the screamer device 62 to be transmitted directly to the lapel remote speaker so that the emergency responder can more easily hear the warning above the traffic noise before the oncoming motorist strikes him.
The safety marker 30 of the present invention may be stored in the emergency responder's vehicle, as shown in
A preferred embodiment of the invention comprises a remotely-actuated bumper deployment system 210 for the safety markers 30, as shown in
Contained inside the deployment case 212 is a vacuum-formed cradle 214 that bears the contoured shape of two safety markers 30 on their side and protects the safety markers from damage, as shown in
A lid 230 along the top of the deployment case 212 (see
The deployment case 212 or cradle 214 may also be equipped with a heater that warms the safety markers 30 stored therein to prevent them from freezing.
In another embodiment of the remote deployed device 230 shown in
Still another remotely-actuated deployment system 250 is shown in
When the emergency responder wishes to deploy the safety marker, he pushes a button located inside the emergency vehicle. The pushed button delivers electrical current to an electric actuator or a cable-actuated latch which operates to withdraw pin 256 from engagement with the niche 258 in the safety marker. This allows the safety marker to drop by means of gravity against bottom doors 254. The weight of the safety marker overcomes the bias force of the spring to push the doors 254 to their opened position. In this manner, the safety marker is free to fall to the ground. Upon hitting the ground, it will self-actuate to extend the light array panel 44 and turn on all on-board electronics including the lights 52, leaving the emergency responder to continue on with his work. In this manner, the emergency responder can deploy one or more safety markers 30 ahead of the accident scene on or along the roadway 14 without leaving his vehicle to provide a warning if an oncoming motorist should strike the deployed safety marker 30. The emergency responder may perform this deployment of the safety markers remotely without any need to get out of the car and face the risk of physical injury caused by reckless-driven oncoming vehicles. When the accident scene is cleared, the emergency responder may simply back up the car and reach down through the window to retrieve each deployed safety marker unit, returning them to the carriage on the back bumper when time permits.
Under the present invention, the safety marker 30 may preferably also contain a transmitter 285 for emitting an emergency radar signal. Instead of detecting the proximity of an incoming vehicle driving at a dangerous speed, this transmitter constantly sends out a feedback radar signal triggered by the deployment of the safety marker, itself. Some models of cars and trucks today are equipped with on-board radar capabilities used to detect objects like other cars and animals in front of the vehicle and alert the driver to the presence of that object, so that the driver can apply the brakes to stop the vehicle in time before a crash occurs. Some such vehicles even contain systems for automatically applying the brakes to avoid a crash. The emergency radar signal of the present invention is transmitted at the same frequency used by the onboard radar safety devices in the vehicles in order to trigger an audible or dashboard warning light provided to the driver to alert him to slow down or switch lanes to avoid the accident scene ahead on or beside the roadway 14. This feature is very useful in foggy conditions when visibility for drivers is low.
Another feature of the safety marker 30 intended to enhance the safety of the emergency responder is based upon GPS tracking technology. A GPS tracking unit is a device that uses the Global Positioning System to determine the precise location of a vehicle, person, or other asset to which it has been attached, and to record the position of that asset at regular intervals. The recorded location data can be stored within the tracking unit, or it may be transmitted to a central location database, or Internet-connected computer, using a cellular (GPRS or SMS), radio, or satellite modem embedded in the unit. This allows the asset's location to be tracked using GPS tracking software.
A GPS tracker 290 contains a GPS module to receive the GPS signal, and to calculate coordinates. The tracker acts as a data pusher to send the position of the safety marker 30 to a pre-designated server at, e.g. the central dispatcher for the emergency responder's department. When the high-impact sensor switch 60 is triggered by an incoming vehicle striking the safety marker 30, the sensor sends a signal to the GPS tracker 290 to prompt it to send the location coordinates for the safety marker and associated accident scene to the central dispatcher. In this manner, the central manager can promptly contact the emergency responder by radio communication to determine whether he has been injured by the incoming motorist's vehicle, and send backup emergency responders if needed.
Another useful functionality for the GPS tracker 290 is as a locater for planning purposes, as shown in
Yet another useful functionality for the safety marker 30 of the present invention is for GPS triangulation. Helicopters are often sent to accident or emergency scenes. The GPS triangulation is based on three or four safety markers 30 that will be placed at precise locations to achieve maximum accuracy for ILS landings, as shown in
Still another useful functionality for the safety marker 30 of the present invention is the inclusion of a gunshot sensor 270 (see
A policeman who is shot may not necessarily be able to radio to his central dispatch unit for assistance. This problem is compounded by the fact that police or other law enforcement departments frequently staff a car with a single policeman without a partner who can provide assistance to the injured policeman or radio for help. Therefore, a gunshot sensor 270 contained within the deployed safety marker 30 at the accident scene that can detect the gun shot and transmit this information to the central dispatcher along with the GPS location coordinates for the safety marker and associated accident scene where the potentially shot policeman is located would be enormously helpful.
There are three primary attributes that characterize gunfire and hence enable the detection and location of gunfire and similar weapon discharges. An optical flash occurs when an explosive charge is ignited to propel the bullet from the chamber of the gun. A muzzle blast also occurs when the explosive charge is ignited to propel the bullet from the chamber of the weapon. A typical muzzle blast generates an impulse sound wave with a sound pressure level that ranges from 120 dB to 160 dB. Finally, a “snap” or “crack” occurs as the bullet moves through the air at supersonic speeds.
The gunshot sensor 270 may use sound and visual or infrared light to detect the incidence of the gunshot. For example, SST, Inc. of Newark, California produces a gunshot detection system called “ShotSpotter” that uses acoustical sensors in the form of microphones and related equipment to detect the sonic boom from the muzzle blast, indicating the possible occurrence of a gunshot. It uses algorithms to determine whether the noise was emitted by a firearm, as opposed to a fireworks display or car backfiring.
Optical or electro-optical systems detect either the physical phenomenon of the muzzle flash of a bullet being fired or the heat caused by the friction of the bullet as it moves through the air. Such systems require that they have a line of sight to the area where the weapon is being fired or the projectile while it is in motion. Although a general line of sight to the shot event is required, detections are sometimes available as the infrared flash event bounces off surrounding structure. Just like acoustic based systems, electro-optical systems can generally be degraded by specialized suppression devices that minimize their sound or optical signatures.
Acoustic and optical sensors can be co-located and their data can be fused thereby enabling the gunshot location processing to have a more exact discharge time that can be used to calculate the distance of the discharge to the sensors with the greatest possible precision. Optical systems are (essentially) not limited to the number of individual shots being fired or the number of different shooters simultaneously shooting, which allows optical-based sensing to easily declare and locate shooters conducting ambushes that employ multiple shooters, shooting from multiple locations during the same time period.
The gunshot sensor 270 contained in the safety marker 30 of the present invention can also be used to locate the gunshot. In this case, multiple gunshot sensors 270 located in multiple safety markers or on a police car can be used to enable the process of acoustic triangulation. Because the speed of sound is a known entity—340.29 meters per second (0.21 miles per second) at sea level—the difference in the time it takes for the sound of a gunshot to reach three different sensors can determine the location of that gunshot. Using a built-in GPS system as an accurate time source, three sensors work together to triangulate the location from which a shot was fired. For example, a shot is fired somewhere in the city near the accident scene. Sensor 1 picks up the sound of the shot. Since each acoustic sensor has a range of about 2 miles, all we know right now is that the shot was fired within a 2-mile radius of Sensor 1. One second later, a second sensor picks up the sound waves of a gunshot. If sound in this city travels at about 0.21 miles per second, we now know that the shot was fired approximately one-fifth of a mile farther away from Sensor 2 than from Sensor 1. We can draw a circle representing the perception radius of Sensor 2 overlapping the perception radius of Sensor 1—since both sensors picked up the sound waves, the shot must have been fired within the overlapping coverage areas. Where the two circles intersect, we have two possible locations for our gunshot. To figure out which of these two points is the location from which the shot was fired, we need to find a third sensor that picked up the sound of the shot. A third sensor, located to the south of Sensors 1 and 2, picked up the sound waves a half-second after Sensor 2 detected them. This would put the origin of the sound about one-tenth of a mile farther from Sensor 3 than from Sensor 2. We now have our gunshot location, at least in terms of distance from the sensors. The system then uses built-in GPS receivers to convert that known point into latitude and longitude coordinates, and passes the information to the central dispatcher. The ShotSpotter system uses such acoustical triangulation to detect the location of gunshots. According to SST, the system is accurate to 25 meters (82 feet) or less—far less than the length of a typical city block. Because the sensors themselves are about the size of a thick stick of gum, they can easily fit inside the safety marker 30.
In another embodiment of the safety marker system of the present invention, the safety marker can comprise a hand-held device 320, as shown in
The safety marker 320 is shown more clearly in
Also located within handle 330 above the battery pack 331 is lower electronics housing 334 with upper electronics housing 336 above it. Extending from the top of handle 330 radiating around its perimeter is collar 338. Extending vertically from the top of upper electronics housing 336 is light array wand 332. Similar to the stand-alone safety marker 30 described above, the wand comprises a light array panel contained inside a transparent carrier tube 333. The light array panel comprises a core substrate, which can adopt any suitable shape such as a square prism or a cylinder. It preferably is three-dimensional for providing surfaces that are visible in 360°. The carrier tube 333 is preferably cylindrical with a circular cross section since such a shape will accommodate a square prism or cylindrical core substrate. But, the carrier tube may adopt any other shape such as a square, triangular, or rectangular cross section that is capable of containing the shape of core substrate, and protecting it from the weather elements (i.e., rain, snow, sunshine, heat).
Positioned along the core substrate is a plurality of light bulbs 338. These light bulbs may compromise incandescent, LED, CFL, fluorescent lamps, or any other suitable emitter of light. The light bulbs may be positioned in a single row or multiple rows along the core substrate. Preferably, the light bulbs are positioned sufficiently around the perimeter of core substitute to enable the core substrate to emit light in an arc of 90-360°, preferably 150-360°, even more preferably 360°. In this manner, an approaching motorist will see the light emitted by the light bulbs positioned along core substrate regardless of the specific orientation of the safety marker 120 along roadway 12 with respect to the angle of the approaching motorist. Light output is measured primarily in lumens. A single LED bulb can produce from 2 to 200 lumens in light output depending upon how it is driven. Adding more individual LED bulbs will increase the lumen output. The light bulbs 338 contained in the light array wand should produce approximately 2 to 20,000 lumens of light output.
The light bulbs 338 contained in the light array wand may be colored for added visibility to the approaching motorist. For example, the light bulbs may be red or blue, which are colors reserved for police and other law enforcement officials. Alternatively, the light array may be broken up into alternating segments of red and blue lamps. In another alterative embodiment, all the lamps in the light array may be white with the transparent carrier tube instead colored red or blue or alternating red and blue segments.
Because the safety marker 320 of the present invention is also useful for non-law enforcement personnel, such as tow truck operators, road construction crews, or utility equipment repairmen, the light array may contain instead yellow light bulbs. Alternatively, it may contain white light bulbs shining through a yellow-colored transparent carrier tube. Yellow safety warning lights are widely associated by motorists with a construction or repair scene that requires motorists to slow their speed to pass or switch to a lane further away from the stopped vehicles to pass.
To add further visibility to the safety marker 320 of the present invention, the lights 338 contained in the light array panel 332 may blink on and off in a constant or timed cycle. A strobe light beacon 340 may also be positioned on top of the light array wand to emit a pulsating white light.
To address reduced night-time visibility, one or more bands 342 of fluorescent color like orange, yellow, or green may be positioned along the circumference of light wand 332. The bands will be reflected by the headlights of approaching motorists. They may be provided to the stanchion tube by means of paint or reflective tape.
Contained inside the lower electronics housing 334 are a plurality of circuit boards 348 that provide the necessary electronic circuitry for the operation of safety marker 320. This includes the circuitry 350 connected to the screamer module 352 and its circuitry connected to the high-impact sensor switch 354 that in turn is located near the top of the light array wand 332; and early-warning radar transponder 356 and its circuitry that transmits a warning signal to on-board radar signal receivers that that are increasingly available in automobiles as a safety feature. Such on-board receivers will receive and communicate to the oncoming driver a transmitted warning signal or message for the accident scene ahead along the roadway to enhance the chances of the driver slowing down his speed or switching to the left-hand lane in order to exercise caution when passing the accident scene.
Mounted to the exterior of the housing 334 is a small solar panel 360 that captures sunlight and converts it into on-board photovoltaic power for the safety marker. Circuitry contained inside the electronics bay 334 provides this photovoltaic power as electric current to the circuit boards 348 and electronic components contained inside the safety marker to extend the battery life of the safety marker.
Upper electronics housing 336 contains GPS location detector and transmitter 362 described more fully below for producing location coordinates for the safety marker. This data is transmitted to a central dispatcher as described above for providing an accurate location of the accident scene in case backup assistance needs to be sent to the emergency responders at the accident scene.
Screamer speaker 364 is mounted to the exterior of housing 336. This speaker is connected via its electrical circuit to screamer module 366 to emit the emergency warning sound or message if an oncoming motorist strikes the safety marker 320 near the accident scene and actuates high-impact sensor witch 354. This warning sound or message enables the emergency responder at the accident scene to jump to a safe location to avoid physical injury.
Also mounted to upper electronics housing 336 is on/off switch 370. The emergency responder can use this switch 370 to manually turn on and off lights bulbs 338 contained in the hand-held safety marker 320. Unlike safety marker 30, this hand-held embodiment 320 of the safety marker device does not contain a low-impact sensor switch that is actuated when the safety marker is dropped on the ground or other hard surface. Instead, it must be manually turned on.
Also mounted to upper electronics housing 336 is screamer switch 372. This switch is used by the emergency responder to manually turn on and off the screamer module 366 that emits the emergency warning sound or message if an oncoming motorist strikes the safety marker 320 near the accident scene and actuates high-impact sensor witch 354.
Finally day/night switch 374 is mounted to upper electronics housing 336. LED bulbs 338 in particular need to be bright enough during daylight hours to be seen by oncoming motorists. But, their high lumen intensity often makes them too bright during nighttime hours. Thus, this switch 374 may be integrated with the circuitry for the lights 338 to either turn off some of the light bulbs during nighttime deployment hours, turn on and off separate sets of light bulbs having different wattages for daylight versus nighttime hours (higher wattages for daylight, lower wattages for nighttime), or act to reduce the voltage directed to the light bulbs to dim their lumen intensity.
Finally, mounted to lower electronics housing 334 is gunshot sensor 378, as further described below.
The hand-held unit 320 may be used by an emergency responder to direct traffic at an accident scene, or to set up a work zone for utility workers, highway construction or maintenance workers, etc. The emergency responder or other user of the device may turn on the light bulbs 338 contained inside the light array wand 332 using the on/off switch 370 as described above, and direct oncoming vehicular traffic with confidence that the directions or other motions will be seen by the drivers.
Alternatively, the collar 322 connected around the handle 330 of the safety marker 320 allows the device to be conveniently mounted to the top of a conventional traffic cone 322 to provide a deployed, lighted safety marker, as shown in
As an additional safety measure, the emergency responder may be equipped with a small remote transponder containing a speaker worn on, e.g., the lapel of his uniform. The speaker may contain a radio frequency receiver in communication with a corresponding RF transmitter connected to the screamer device in the base of the safety marker. This will enable the wailing sound or audible warning message emitted by the screamer device to be transmitted directly to the lapel remote speaker so that the emergency responder can more easily hear the warning above the traffic noise before the oncoming motorist strikes him.
The safety marker 320 may preferably also contain the transmitter 356 for emitting an emergency radar signal. Instead of detecting the proximity of an incoming vehicle at a dangerous speed, this transmitter constantly sends out a feedback radar signal triggered by the deployment of the safety marker, itself. Some models of cars and trucks today are equipped with on-board radar capabilities used to detect objects like other cars and animals in front of the vehicle and alert the driver to the presence of that object, so that the driver can apply the brakes to stop the vehicle in time before a crash occurs. Some such vehicles even contain systems for automatically applying the brakes to avoid a crash. The emergency radar signal of the present invention is transmitted at the same frequency used by the onboard radar safety devices in the vehicles in order to trigger an audible or dashboard warning light provided to the driver to alert him to slow down or switch lanes to avoid the accident scene ahead on or beside the roadway 12. This feature is very useful in foggy conditions when visibility for drivers is low.
Another feature of the safety marker 320 intended to enhance the safety of the emergency responder is based upon GPS tracking technology. The GPS tracking unit 362 is a device that uses the Global Positioning System to determine the precise location of a vehicle, person, or other asset to which it has been attached, and to record the position of that asset at regular intervals. The recorded location data can be stored within the tracking unit, or it may be transmitted to a central location database, or Internet-connected computer, using a cellular (GPRS or SMS), radio, or satellite modem embedded in the unit. This allows the asset's location to be tracked using GPS tracking software.
A GPS tracker contains a GPS module to receive the GPS signal, and to calculate coordinates. The tracker acts as a data pusher to send the position of the safety marker 320 to a pre-designated server at, e.g. the central dispatcher for the emergency responder's department. When the high-impact sensor switch is triggered by an incoming vehicle striking the safety marker 320, the sensor sends a signal to the GPS tracker to prompt it to send the location coordinates for the safety marker and associated accident scene to the central dispatcher. In this manner, the central manager can promptly contact the emergency responder by radio communication to determine whether he has been injured by the incoming motorist's vehicle, and send backup emergency responders if needed.
Another functionality for the GPS tracker is as a locater for planning purposes. An emergency responder arriving at a potentially hazardous emergency site like a landslide that is covering a road, or a bridge that is damaged can deploy the safety marker 320 on top of a traffic cone 322, as described above, and then use the manual switch to send the specific location of the safety marker to the central dispatcher via the GPS tracker. The emergency responder can leave the safety marker 320 behind if he needs to leave the emergency scene to address another situation elsewhere. The central dispatcher can send backup emergency responders or road construction crews to the emergency scene with confidence that they can use the GPS coordinate signals pushed out by the deployed safety marker 120 to find the correct accident scene.
Finally, gunshot sensor 378 contained in the safety marker 320 when deployed at an accident scene or crime scene will allow the occurrence of a gunshot to be transmitted to a central dispatcher for emergency assistance provided to the possibly injured emergency responder. It can also determine the location of the gunshot via acoustical triangulation, as described above, to send that information to the central dispatcher too.
The above specification and drawings provide a complete description of the emergency safety marker system and associated method of the present invention. Since many embodiments of the invention can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, the invention resides in the claims hereinafter appended.
Claims
1. A method of warning a person of a first vehicle entering a defined boundary, wherein the method comprises:
- providing an electronic safety marker proximate the defined boundary, wherein the electronic safety market comprises an electrical current source, a transmitter, an impact sensor and electrical circuitry interconnecting the electrical current source, the transmitter and the impact sensor;
- deploying the electronic safety marker from a second vehicle proximate the defined boundary;
- transmitting a signal with the transmitter after the electronic safety marker is deployed;
- positioning a receiver a distance from the electronic safety marker, wherein the receiver is capable of receiving the signal;
- striking the electronic safety marker by first vehicle;
- ceasing transmission of the signal when the electronic safety marker is struck by the first vehicle; and
- emitting an alarm from the receiver when the receiver ceases receiving the signal to warn the person of the first vehicle entering the defined boundary.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein deploying the electronic safety marker causes the electronic safety marker to contact a ground surface and such contact causes the electronic safety marker causes the transmitter to begin transmitting the signal.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein deploying the electronic safety marker causes the electronic safety marker to contact a ground surface and such contact a telescoping means to extend from the electronic safety marker.
4. The method of claim 1, and further comprising orienting the electronic safety marker in an upright position after the electronic safety marker is deployed.
5. The method of claim 1, and further comprising emitting light from the electronic safety marker after the electronic safety marker is deployed.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the defined boundary is associated with a vehicle accident location.
7. The method of claim 1, and further comprising mounting the receiver in the second vehicle.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein the electronic safety marker is deployed from a storage housing in the second vehicle.
9. The method of claim 1, and further comprising transmitting a location of the electronic safety marker to an emergency responder when the electronic safety marker is struck by the first vehicle.
10. The method of claim 1, and further comprising emitting a warning message of the existence of the defined boundary by at least one of the electronic safety marker and the transmitter.
11. A method of warning a person of a first vehicle entering a defined boundary, wherein the method comprises:
- providing an electronic safety marker proximate the defined boundary, wherein the electronic safety market comprises a telescoping means, an electrical current source, a transmitter and electrical circuitry interconnecting the electrical current source and the transmitter;
- deploying the electronic safety marker proximate the defined boundary;
- transmitting a signal with the transmitter after the electronic safety marker is deployed;
- telescoping the telescoping means after the electronic safety marker is deployed to increase a height of the electronic safety marker;
- positioning a receiver a distance from the electronic safety marker, wherein the receiver is capable of receiving the signal;
- striking the electronic safety marker by the first vehicle;
- ceasing transmission of the signal when the electronic safety marker is struck by the first vehicle;
- emitting an alarm from the receiver when the receiver ceases receiving the signal to warn the person of the first vehicle entering the defined boundary.
12. The method of claim 11, and further comprising emitting a light from the telescoping means after the electronic safety marker is deployed.
13. The method of claim 12, wherein the light is emitted from a plurality of lights on the telescoping means.
14. The method of claim 12, wherein the light is emitted from a plurality of sides of the telescoping means.
15. The method of claim 11, wherein the telescoping means is telescoped using an impact-actuated deployment mechanism.
16. A method of warning a person of a first vehicle entering a defined boundary, wherein the method comprises:
- providing an electronic safety marker proximate the defined boundary, wherein the electronic safety market comprises an electrical current source, a transmitter, an impact sensor and electrical circuitry interconnecting the electrical current source, the transmitter and the impact sensor;
- deploying the electronic safety marker proximate the defined boundary;
- self-orienting the electronic safety marker in an upright position after the electronic safety marker is deployed;
- transmitting a signal with the transmitter after the electronic safety marker is deployed;
- positioning a receiver a distance from the electronic safety marker, wherein the receiver is capable of receiving the signal, wherein the receiver is provided on the second vehicle;
- striking the electronic safety marker by first vehicle;
- ceasing transmission of the signal when the electronic safety marker is struck by the first vehicle; and
- emitting an alarm from the receiver when the receiver ceases receiving the signal to warn the person of the first vehicle entering the defined boundary.
17. The method of claim 16, wherein deploying the electronic safety marker causes the electronic safety marker to contact a ground surface and such contact causes the electronic safety marker causes the transmitter to begin transmitting the signal.
18. The method of claim 16, wherein deploying the electronic safety marker causes the electronic safety marker to contact a ground surface and such contact a telescoping means to extend from the electronic safety marker.
19. The method of claim 16, and further comprising emitting a light from the electronic safety marker after the electronic safety marker is deployed.
20. The method of claim 1, and further comprising transmitting a location of the electronic safety marker to an emergency responder when the electronic safety marker is struck by the first vehicle.
Type: Application
Filed: Mar 2, 2018
Publication Date: Jul 12, 2018
Inventors: Joseph V. Stafford (White Bear Lake, MN), Jan C. Lahtonen (Isanti, MN), Bruce S. Allen (Brroklyn Center, MN)
Application Number: 15/910,608
