MULTIPLE POINT INITIATION FOR NON-AXISYMMETRIC SHAPED CHARGE
A non-axisymmetric shaped charge including a casing, such as a non-axisymmetric shaped casing, and a liner housed therein, is generally described in which the casing includes multiple initiation points extending in a planar arrangement along an external surface of the casing. The non-axisymmetric shaped charge may include a plurality of guiding members positioned on the external surface. The non-axisymmetric shaped charge is capable of creating sufficient ballistic energy to uniformly collapse the liner.
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This application claims priority to PCT Application No. PCT/EP2016/069293 filed Aug. 12, 2016, which claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/206,496 filed Aug. 18, 2015, each of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
FIELDA non-axisymmetric shaped charge for use in a perforating gun, is generally described, wherein the non-axisymmetric shaped charge has multiple initiation points and a plurality of guiding members.
BACKGROUNDPerforating gun assemblies are used in many oilfield or gas well completions. In particular, the assemblies are used to generate holes in steel casing pipe/tubing and/or cement lining a well to gain access to the oil and/or gas deposit formation. These assemblies are usually cylindrical and include a detonating cord arranged within the interior of the assembly and connected to shaped charge perforators (or shaped charges) disposed therein. Typically, shaped charges are configured to focus ballistic energy onto a target to initiate production flow. Shaped charge design selection is also used to predict/simulate the flow of the oil and/or gas formation.
Shaped charges include conical or round shaped charges having a single point of initiation through a metal casing, which contains an explosive charge material, with or without a liner therein, that produces a perforating jet upon initiation. These shaped charges focus the entire ballistic energy onto a single point on the target, thereby producing a round perforation hole in the steel casing pipe or tubing and/or the formation. The ballistic energy creates a detonation wave that collapses the liner, thereby forming a forward-moving high velocity jet that travels through an open end of the casing housing the explosive charge. The jet pierces the perforating gun casing and/or the cement liner and forms a cylindrical tunnel in the surrounding target formation. Because round perforation holes have to be of a sufficient diameter in order to avoid bridging and screen out, holes of insufficient diameters leads to decreased flow which can cause production flow to be halted, which is costly.
Such conically-shaped charges are commercially available, and an example thereof is shown in
Another objective of certain shaped charges is to assist in abandoning wells and/or oilfields. Well abandonment typically involves complicated procedures where the wellbore must be shut in and permanently sealed using cement. It is essential that the layers of sedimentary rock, in particular freshwater aquifers, are pressure isolated. Unwanted vertical channels or voids in a previously cemented wellbore annulus may exist. These channels can produce migration pathways for fluids or gas. Thus, an objective behind perforating with, for instance, a slot-shaped charge may not be to produce a circular hole in the casing or tubing pipe, but rather to produce a type of longitudinal slot or linear shaped slit or hole on the target pipe, particularly useful in performing the above-mentioned closing procedures.
While liners in the aforementioned conical-shaped charges have a v-shaped cross section, slot-shaped charges may also have a v-shaped cross-section, (linear, convex or concave), with the v-shape extending along a length of the charge. Since commercially available slot-shaped charges provide a side face or back end single initiation point, in addition to the aforementioned disadvantages associated with conically-shaped charges, the ballistic energy generated is often insufficient, resulting in a non-uniform collapse of the liner. When this occurs, the wells and/or oilfield may not be properly closed. As a result, groundwater contamination and/or threats to health, safety and the environment may occur.
In view of the disadvantages associated with currently available methods and devices for shaped charges, there is a need for a device and method that provides a more uniform distribution of ballistic energy. Due to the non-axisymmetric geometry of the linear shaped charges or slotted (i.e., slot-shaped) charges, including its inlay (liner), the collapse process of the metal-inlay (liner) and the jet-formation process behave considerably different in comparison to that of a conventional shaped charge. It is less favorable for the detonation shock waves to be induced at a single point of initiation for such slot-shaped charges, particularly including the v-shaped inlay/liner due to the geometry of these charges.
BRIEF DESCRIPTIONAn apparatus and method of creating sufficient ballistic energy to uniformly collapse a liner in a non-axisymmetric shaped charge is generally described. The non-axisymmetric shaped charge, typically provided for use in a perforating gun, is generally described, wherein the non-axisymmetric shaped charge has multiple initiation points. The non-axisymmetric shaped charge generally includes a casing, such as a non-axisymmetric shaped casing, and the liner housed therein. According to an aspect, the casing includes multiple initiation points extending in a planar arrangement along an external surface of the casing and optionally a plurality of guiding members positioned on the external surface.
A more particular description will be rendered by reference to specific embodiments thereof that are illustrated in the appended drawings. Understanding that these drawings depict only typical embodiments thereof and are not therefore to be considered to be limiting of its scope, exemplary embodiments will be described and explained with additional specificity and detail through the use of the accompanying drawings in which:
Various features, aspects, and advantages of the embodiments will become more apparent from the following detailed description, along with the accompanying figures in which like numerals represent like components throughout the figures and text. The various described features are not necessarily drawn to scale, but are drawn to emphasize specific features relevant to some embodiments.
DETAILED DESCRIPTIONReference will now be made in detail to various embodiments. Each example is provided by way of explanation, and is not meant as a limitation and does not constitute a definition of all possible embodiments.
As used herein, the term “non-axisymmetric” means not axisymmetric as defined hereinabove, and includes non-circular and non-conical shapes. As an example, and with reference to the shaped charge found in
A non-axisymmetric shaped charge is generally described herein, having particular use in conjunction with a perforating gun assembly. In an embodiment, the non-axisymmetric shaped charge is configured for use with a perforating gun assembly, in particular for oilfield or gas well drilling or completions. The non-axisymmetric shaped charge provides multiple initiation points extending in a planar arrangement along an external surface of the non-axisymmetric shaped charge, which allows a liner to collapse more uniformly, thereby creating a substantially uniform and/or cleaner and/or deeper slot-shaped openings/perforations in a borewell casing and formation.
For purposes of illustrating features of the embodiments, a simple example will now be introduced and referenced throughout the disclosure. Those skilled in the art will recognize that this example is illustrative and not limiting, and is provided purely for explanatory purposes.
In an embodiment, and with particular reference to
In accordance with the embodiment illustrated in
As illustrated in
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As depicted in at least
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Referring now to the embodiment illustrated in
In an embodiment, the guiding members 60 create a space between the external surfaces of the abutting shaped charges, within which the detonating cord 70 is positioned. In an embodiment, the detonating cord 70 is arranged within a bore of the shaped charge carrier tube 92′. According to an aspect, the detonating cord 70 is positioned between the abutting external surfaces 62 of each of the pairs of plurality of non-axisymmetric shaped charges 10. The detonating cord 70 may further be positioned within the gap 64 disposed between any pair of the plurality of guiding members 60 (see
Turning now to
According to an aspect, a method of detonating/initiating a non-axisymmetric shaped charge 10, substantially as defined hereinabove, is provided. Initiation of the non-axisymmetric shaped charge 10 may be non-simultaneous. In an embodiment, initiation of the non-axisymmetric shaped charge 10 occurs via a detonation shock propagating substantially simultaneously across the multiple initiation points 40. In accordance with yet another embodiment, initiation of the non-axisymmetric shaped charge 10 occurs via a detonation shock propagating with at least a minor time delay across the multiple initiation points 40 caused by the high velocity of the detonating cord, thus initiation of the non-axisymmetric shaped charge 10 is substantially non-simultaneous.
The components and methods illustrated are not limited to the specific embodiments described herein, but rather, features illustrated or described as part of one embodiment can be used on or in conjunction with other embodiments to yield yet a further embodiment. It is intended that the non-axisymmetric shaped charge, perforating gun incorporating the non-axisymmetric shaped charge and method of forming the non-axisymmetric shaped charge include such modifications and variations. Further, steps described in the method may be utilized independently and separately from other steps described herein.
While the non-axisymmetric shaped charge and method of forming the non-axisymmetric shaped charge have been described with reference to specific embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes may be made and equivalents may be substituted for elements thereof without departing from the scope contemplated. In addition, many modifications may be made to adapt a particular situation or material to the teachings found herein without departing from the essential scope thereof.
In this specification and the claims that follow, reference will be made to a number of terms that have the following meanings. The singular forms “a,” “an” and “the” include plural referents unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. Furthermore, references to “one embodiment”, “some embodiments”, “an embodiment” and the like are not intended to be interpreted as excluding the existence of additional embodiments that also incorporate the recited features. Approximating language, as used herein throughout the specification and claims, may be applied to modify any quantitative representation that could permissibly vary without resulting in a change in the basic function to which it is related. Accordingly, a value modified by a term such as “about” is not to be limited to the precise value specified. In some instances, the approximating language may correspond to the precision of an instrument for measuring the value. Terms such as “first,” “second,” etc. are used to identify one element from another, and unless otherwise specified are not meant to refer to a particular order or number of elements.
As used herein, the terms “may” and “may be” indicate a possibility of an occurrence within a set of circumstances; a possession of a specified property, characteristic or function; and/or qualify another verb by expressing one or more of an ability, capability, or possibility associated with the qualified verb. Accordingly, usage of “may” and “may be” indicates that a modified term is apparently appropriate, capable, or suitable for an indicated capacity, function, or usage, while taking into account that in some circumstances the modified term may sometimes not be appropriate, capable, or suitable. For example, in some circumstances an event or capacity can be expected, while in other circumstances the event or capacity cannot occur-this distinction is captured by the terms “may” and “may be.”
As used in the claims, the word “comprises” and its grammatical variants logically also subtend and include phrases of varying and differing extent such as for example, but not limited thereto, “consisting essentially of” and “consisting of.” Where necessary, ranges have been supplied, and those ranges are inclusive of all sub-ranges therebetween. It is to be expected that variations in these ranges will suggest themselves to a practitioner having ordinary skill in the art and, where not already dedicated to the public, the appended claims should cover those variations.
Advances in science and technology may make equivalents and substitutions possible that are not now contemplated by reason of the imprecision of language; these variations should be covered by the appended claims. This written description uses examples to disclose a non-axisymmetric shaped charge, perforating gun using such non-axisymmetric shaped charge, and a related method of using both, including the best mode, and also to enable any person of ordinary skill in the art to practice these, including making and using any devices or systems and performing any incorporated methods. The patentable scope thereof is defined by the claims, and may include other examples that occur to those of ordinary skill in the art. Such other examples are intended to be within the scope of the claims if they have structural elements that do not differ from the literal language of the claims, or if they include equivalent structural elements with insubstantial differences from the literal language of the claims.
Claims
1. A non-axisymmetric shaped charge comprising:
- a non-axisymmetric shaped casing having a hollow interior;
- a liner housed within the non-axisymmetric shaped casing;
- an explosive load disposed within the hollow interior; and
- multiple initiation points extending in a planar arrangement along an external surface of the non-axisymmetric shaped casing.
2. The non-axisymmetric shaped charge of claim 1, wherein the non-axisymmetric shaped casing is further defined by a front portion, a plurality of side wall portions and a back wall portion, wherein the front portion is open.
3. The non-axisymmetric shaped charge of claim 2, wherein the explosive load is enclosed, encased or positioned between the liner and the back wall portion.
4. The non-axisymmetric shaped charge of claim 2 wherein the liner has a V-shaped cross-section that extends along at least a portion of a length of the back wall portion between two opposing side wall portions of the plurality of side wall portions.
5. The non-axisymmetric shaped charge of claim 1, wherein the multiple initiation points are arranged in a substantially linear configuration with respect to each other.
6. The non-axisymmetric shaped charge of claim 1, wherein the multiple initiation points comprises three or more initiation points.
7. The non-axisymmetric shaped charge of claim 1, further comprising a plurality of guiding members positioned on the external surface.
8. The non-axisymmetric shaped charge of claim 7, wherein the plurality of guiding members are spaced apart from each other.
9. The non-axisymmetric shaped charge of claim 7, wherein the plurality of guiding members are spaced apart from each other providing a gap configured for aligning a detonating cord along the external surface of the non-axisymmetric shaped casing.
10. The non-axisymmetric shaped charge of claim 7, wherein the plurality of guiding members are arranged in a slanted direction to position a detonating cord in a substantially helical pattern.
11. A perforating gun comprising:
- a shaped charge carrier tube having openings; and
- a plurality of non-axisymmetric shaped charges, wherein each of the plurality of shaped charges are positioned within each of the openings, further wherein each of the plurality of non-axisymmetric shaped charges comprises: a non-axisymmetric shaped casing having a hollow interior; a liner housed within the non-axisymmetric shaped casing; an explosive load disposed within the hollow interior; and multiple initiation points extending in a planar arrangement along an external surface of the non-axisymmetric shaped casing.
12. The perforating gun of claim 11, wherein each of the plurality of non-axisymmetric shaped charges further comprise a plurality of guiding members positioned on the external surface.
13. The perforating gun of claim 11, wherein the non-axisymmetric shaped casing is further defined by a front portion, a plurality of side wall portions and a back wall portion, wherein the front portion is open.
14. The perforating gun of claim 11, wherein the plurality of non-axisymmetric shaped charges are positioned in the shaped charge carrier tube in an outwardly facing helical arrangement.
15. The perforating gun of claim 11, wherein at least a pair of the plurality of non-axisymmetric shaped charges are positioned in the shaped charge carrier tube in an abutting external surface to external surface arrangement.
16. The perforating gun of claim 12, further comprising a detonating cord, wherein the detonating cord is arranged exteriorly to the shaped charge carrier tube.
17. The perforating gun of claim 12, further comprising a detonating cord, wherein the detonating cord is arranged within a bore of the shaped charge carrier tube and positioned within a gap disposed between the plurality of guiding members.
18. The perforating gun of claim 15, further comprising a detonating cord arranged within a bore of the shaped charge carrier tube and positioned between the abutting external surfaces of each of the pairs of the plurality of non-axisymmetric shaped charges.
19. A method of forming a non-axisymmetric shaped charge comprising:
- forming a non-axisymmetric shaped casing having a hollow interior defined by a front portion, a plurality of side wall portions, and a back wall portion, wherein the front portion is open;
- forming multiple initiation points in the back wall portion of the non-axisymmetric shaped casing, the multiple initiation points extending in a planar arrangement along an external surface of the back wall portion; delivering an explosive load into the hollow interior of the non-axisymmetric shaped casing; and
- restraining the explosive load within the hollow interior by positioning a liner within the open front portion of the non-axisymmetric shaped casing.
20. The method of claim 19, further comprising forming and positioning a plurality of guiding members on the external surface of the back wall portion of the non-axisymmetric shaped casing.
Type: Application
Filed: Aug 12, 2016
Publication Date: Jul 19, 2018
Applicant: DynaEnergetics GmbH & Co. KG (Troisdorf)
Inventors: Liam McNelis (Bonn), Arash Shahinpour (Troisdorf), Joerg Mueller (Bonn-Lengsdorf)
Application Number: 15/743,718