FLOOD-RESISTANT WEEP HOLE APPARATUS, SYSTEMS, AND METHODS
This disclosure provides for a valve assembly for regulating the flow of fluid through a weep hole, including a flow regulator positioned within the weep hole. The flow regulator has an open position where fluid is allowed to flow through the weep hole, and a closed position where fluid is prevented from flowing through the weep hole. Also provided is a building having a plurality of flow regulators positioned relative to external sheathing of the building to regulate flow between a wall cavity of the building and an external environment. Additionally, a method for regulating the ingress and egress of fluid through external sheathing of a building is provided. The method includes positioning a plurality of flow regulators relative to external sheathing, and regulating flow between the wall cavity and an external environment using the flow regulators.
The present application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62/559,304 (pending), filed on Sep. 15, 2017, entitled “Weep Hole Flood Proofing”, the entirety of which is incorporated herein by reference and made a part of the present disclosure.
FIELDThe present application relates methods, systems, and apparatus for providing for the egress of fluids (e.g., drainage of moisture and ventilation of air) from a wall structure, while preventing the ingress of liquids (e.g., flood water) into the wall structure, and, more particularly, to flood-resistant weep holes, and methods of making and using the same.
BACKGROUNDFlooding can cause tremendous and costly damage to homes, business, and other buildings and structures. On average, between 1955 and 1999, flooding has been estimated to cost more than $6 billion per year (e.g., see https://biotech.law.lsu.edu/disasters/insurance/nfip_eval_costs_and_consequences.pdf). Costs associated with flooding have increased in recent years. The 2016 floods in Baton Rouge, La. are estimated to have done more than $8 billion in damage alone (e.g., see https://weather.com/news/weather/news/h istoric-august-louisiana-flooding-billion-dollar-disaster). The 2017 flood in Houston, Tex., due to Hurricane Harvey, is estimated to have done more than $50 billion in damage and to have flooded more than 70,000 residential structures (e.g., see http://www.chron.com/news/houston-weather/hurricaneharvey/article/Harvey-s-broad-reach-12171168.php). When flood water enters a home, the water damages the contents of the home, the structure of the home, and can cause various long-lasting problems, such as mold and mildew. Homes in flood-prone areas often get more than a foot of water in the home, which is typically dirty, disease-prone water. Flooding can cause tremendous grief and worry, as home owners must deal with finding shelter and overcoming the expense and hassle associated with restoring their lives. Permanent solutions, such as raising the elevation of their home or rebuilding at a higher elevation, are expensive and can be cost-prohibitive.
One issue associated with home flooding, which has not been adequately addressed, is understanding how flood water actually enters a home. Most external sheathing of homes, such as brick and mortar or stucco, are essentially impermeable to water, at least with short-term exposures. While some flood water may enter a house through space under doors, weather stripping used on most door sills typically mitigates this particular water entry pathway. Furthermore, these spaces surrounding doors may be temporarily sealed, such as by using tape or plastic sheathing.
Since 2013, it has been estimated that more than 23% of new homes use brick (see, e.g., http://eyeonhousing.org/2014/09/vinyl-is-the-most-widely-used-siding-on-new-homes-started/), with weep holes, and there are tens of millions of older brick homes with weep holes. Weep holes provide a useful function, allowing water out from between brick sheathing and wall sheathing, and allowing the cavity between the bricks and the wall sheathing to dry out. The water present between the bricks and the wall sheathing may be the result of condensation formed when moist air contacts a relatively cooler house wall or from heavy, wind-driven rain. While brick and mortar are relatively impermeable, long-duration, wind-driven rain may find a pathway through brick. When water enters the cavity behind the bricks, such as from flooding, the water may have access to the interior of the home for days as the flood water around the house slowly subsides. The problem of weep holes in flood-prone areas has been recognized, but an adequate solution has yet to be developed. Thus, while weep holes provide the useful functions of letting water escape from the cavity between bricks and sheetrock (or other wall material) and of providing for ventilation of air through the cavity to facilitate drying, weep holes also allow flood waters to enter the cavity and get inside interior of homes, causing significant damage. Nonetheless, many home builders and inspectors do not recommend sealing weep holes, even in flood-prone areas (see, e.g., http://inspectapedia.com/structure/Brick_Wall_Weep_Flood_Leaks.php) because this would thwart the useful functions provided by weep holes.
One approach to addressing this problem of weep holes has been to temporarily seal the weep holes when there is a flood threat and then to unseal the weep holes after the flood threat passes. For example, weep holes may be sealed with a sealing material, such as silicone, and then the silicone may be cleaned out of the weep holes after the flood threat has passed. Alternately, the weep holes could be sealed using a temporary elastomer or rubber plug, which may be removed after the flood threat has passed. At least one company makes such a plug (see, e.g., http://rts.vents.co.uk/blog/product-details/rytons-damryt-slim-vent-protector-damslimvent/). However, such temporary sealing approaches are seldom used due to the time that it takes to install and uninstall, as well as the potential unreliability of the seal provided by such techniques (depending, of course on the particular product). Weep holes are typically spaced every 3 ft along the outer perimeter of a house. For a house that is 60 ft along each side, 80 weep holes would need to be sealed prior to a potential flood and then unsealed at a later time.
It would be desirable to have a more permanent installation within every weep hole of a house that can reliably provide for the beneficial functions of weep holes (i.e., ventilation and drainage) while also preventing the ingress of flood water.
SUMMARYOne aspect of the present disclosure includes a valve assembly for regulating the flow of fluid through a weep hole. The valve assembly includes a flow regulator positioned within a weep hole to regulate flow of fluid through the weep hole. The flow regulator has an open position and a closed position. In the open position, fluid is allowed to flow through the weep hole. In the closed position, fluid is prevented from flowing through the weep hole.
Another aspect of the present disclosure includes a building. The building includes an internal wall at least partially defining an interior environment of the building, an external sheathing, and a cavity positioned between the external sheathing and the internal wall. A plurality of flow regulators are positioned relative to the external sheathing to regulate flow between the cavity and an external environment.
Another aspect of the present disclosure includes a method for regulating the ingress and egress of fluid through an external sheathing of a building. The method includes positioning a plurality of flow regulators relative to external sheathing of a building, and regulating flow between the cavity and an external environment using the flow regulators. The method may be implemented in a building that includes an internal wall at least partially defining an interior environment of the building, an external sheathing, and a cavity positioned between the external sheathing and the internal wall.
So that the manner in which the features and advantages of the systems, apparatus, products, and/or methods of the present disclosure may be understood in more detail, a more particular description briefly summarized above may be had by reference to the embodiments thereof which are illustrated in the appended drawings that form a part of this specification. It is to be noted, however, that the drawings illustrate only various exemplary embodiments and are therefore not to be considered limiting of the disclosed concepts as it may include other effective embodiments as well.
Products, apparatus, systems and methods according to present disclosure will now be described more fully with reference to the accompanying drawings, which illustrate various exemplary embodiments. Concepts according to the present disclosure may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as being limited by the illustrated embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough as well as complete and will fully convey the scope of the various concepts to those skilled in the art and the best and preferred modes of practice.
DETAILED DESCRIPTIONIn the present disclosure, reference is made to “building structures”. As used herein, “building structures” refers to any of a variety of buildings including, but not limited to, houses (also referred to as homes), townhouses, apartment buildings, condominiums, warehouses, and any other residential, commercial, industrial, or other buildings, structures and facilities, whether private or public. “Building structures” may also be referred to herein as “buildings” or “structures”.
Weep HolesWeep holes, such as are typically in the bricks of brick buildings, can provide a pathway for water to enter a building.
The present disclosure relates to systems, apparatus, and methods for reducing or preventing the occurrence of flooding due to the ingress of flood water through weep holes. The present methods, systems, and apparatus provide for the egress of fluids, such as the drainage of moisture (e.g., rainwater and condensation) and the ventilation of air through a wall structure, while also reducing or preventing the ingress of liquids (e.g., flood water) into the wall structure. Thus, in some aspects, the present disclosure provides for flood-resistant or flood-proof weep holes, structures including the same, and methods of making and using the same. In certain aspects, the systems, apparatus, and methods provided herein reduce or prevent flood water from entering cavities positioned between brick and sheetrock of buildings, while allowing water to escape from such cavities and allowing air to ventilate such cavities.
In some aspects, the systems, apparatus, and methods disclosed herein provide for a flow regulator positioned within weep holes to reduce or prevent flood water from entering a building through the weep holes. Such flow regulators may be positioned within existing weep holes of existing building structures, or may be incorporated into new building structures during the construction thereof. In some such aspects, the flow regulators are configured to reduce or prevent flood water from entering buildings, while allowing water to escape from buildings and providing for air ventilation through portions of the buildings. Such flow regulators may be or include valves that may selectively open and close to prevent or allow for fluid flow therethrough; or materials capable of at least two states, including a first state where the material provides for passage of fluid through-through or there-around (e.g., a shrunken state) and a second state where the material reduces or prevents the passage of fluid through-through or there-around (e.g., a swollen state). While the flow regulators are shown and described as valves and/or swellable materials, the flow regulators may be any structure or material capable of at least two positions or at least two states, including one where fluid flow between the wall cavity and the external environment is prevented and one where fluid flow between the wall cavity and the external environment is allowed.
The flow regulators may be permanently installed and/or sealed within the weep holes of a building. Some exemplary flow regulators that may be used in accordance with the present disclosure include, but are not limited to, on/off valves, such as ball valves and fill valves, that close when surrounding water reaches a preset level; check valves, such as a low-opening-pressure or low cracking pressure check valves; valves containing smart, water-swellable materials that allow air and water to pass at low water saturations, but expand and seal at higher water saturations; a smart, water-swellable material positioned directly in the weep holes, where the shape and swelling characteristics of the water swellable material allows air and relatively small quantities of water to flow out through the weep holes, but prevents or substantially prevents flood water from entering through the weep holes.
Various exemplary flow regulators will now be described with references to
With reference to
When a flooding event is occurring or is expected, ball valve 210 may be placed into the closed position or configuration, such as by turning handle 211 until ball 219 is turned sufficiently that flow path 213 is no longer in fluid communication with conduit 215.
Fill valve 310 may include chamber 321 coupled with and in fluid communication with conduit 215 through opening 323. Fill valve ball 319 may be positioned within chamber 321. In some aspects, chamber 321 includes a fluid permeable bottom surface 325 (e.g., grating or screen) that prevents passage of fill valve ball 319 therethrough, such that fill valve ball 319 is maintained within chamber 321.
With reference to
Thus, in operation fill valves 310, also referred to as automatic fill valves or liquid level valves, remain open until flood waters reach a certain preset level. Once the flood waters reach the preset level (i.e., the level sufficient to raise fill valve ball 319 to seal opening 323), fill valve 310 closes. Fill valve ball 319 may open and close due to buoyant force acting on fill valve ball 319. Fill valve ball 319 is sometimes referred to as a float, as fill valve ball 310 floats on or at the surface of water.
In operation of at least some embodiments of fill valves, such as fill valve 310, the opening or closing of the valve is responsive to the occurrence of and/or degree of flooding, rather than requiring manual or other user input to open or close the valve. Thus, in one example, if a user is not at home when a sudden and unexpected flooding event occurs, fill valves 310 will close in response to the flooding conditions as a result of buoyant forces, without requiring the user to travel home and close the valves or even be aware of the flooding event.
With reference to
When a flooding event is occurring, check valve 410 enters the closed position or configuration as a result of water pressure on check vale 410.
In some aspects, the check valve disclosed herein may be a flapper-type valve system that is normally open, but closes when the flapper is exposed to flood water. For example,
As the check valves disclosed herein open and or close is response to the occurrence of and/or degree of flooding, the check valves do not necessarily require manual or another user input to open or close the valve. Thus, in one example, if a user is not at home when a sudden and unexpected flooding event occurs, check valves will close in response to the flooding conditions as a result of water pressure, without requiring the user to travel home and close the valves or even be aware of the flooding event.
In some aspects, the check valves disclosed herein are designed, when in the closed position, to be responsive to open when rain or condensation water is present within the wall cavity. In some aspects, the check valves have a cracking pressure responsive to as low as 2 inches of water. As such, any significant amount of water that gets into the wall cavity, such as from rain passing through the brick and mortar or cracks, may essentially flow out of the cavity via the check valves. Any remaining water may easily evaporate via new weep holes placed above the 100-year base flood elevation and the eaves at the top of the wall. In some aspects, the check valves have zero cracking pressure. In certain aspects, the check valves are relatively low cost. In some aspects, the operation and functioning of the check valves is not affected by the orientation of the valve.
Flow Regulator—Swellable Check ValveIn
In some aspects, the valves disclosed herein may be electrically actuable. With reference to
In some aspects, a water swellable material is placed within a weep hole and functions to open and close the weep hole in response to the presence of water. With reference to
In some aspects, to facilitate installation, the swellable material may be placed into a permeable pockets or bag 471, which is then inserted into the weep holes 110.
Raised-Height Weep HolesIn some aspects, to ensure rapid drying of moisture in the wall space cavity, additional weep holes are installed at a level that would not be typically subjected to flood waters. With reference to
In some aspects, a water-proofing material is coated onto the external surface of the sheathing 112, such as to a height up to the 100-year base flood elevation to ensure that flood water will not pass through the brick and mortar. One skilled in the art would understand that such brick sealants are commercially available.
MethodThus, in some aspects, the present disclosure provides for a method for preventing or reducing flood damage to a building by placing an on-off valve assembly in or adjacent to the weep holes of the external sheathing material of a building by sealing the weep holes with a sealing material and by configuring the on-off valves to be closed when a flood event is anticipated and open otherwise. In certain aspects, the material used to seal the weep holes is the same as or similar to silicone or polyurethane or grout or foamed sealant.
At least a portion of the sheathing (brick and mortar and/or stucco) may be sealed using a sealing material placed on the external surface of the brick and mortar. The sealing material may be applied to a height that is above the base flood elevation of the building. New weep holes may also be placed at an elevation that is higher than the base flood elevation.
In certain aspects, the valves are ball valves, gate valves, cylinder valves, or any type of valves that has configurations that selectively allow and block the flow of water. In certain aspects, the valves are electrically operated. The electric valves are controlled by a controller that is connected to a sensor that senses the height of water above ground level.
Other aspects provide for a method for preventing or reducing flood damage to a building by using one or more liquid level valve assemblies to control fluid entry through the weep holes of the external sheathing material of the building and by sealing the weep holes with a sealing material. The liquid level valve uses the force of buoyancy to close the valve and substantially block fluid entry through the weep holes. The liquid level valves may have a cracking pressure less than 0.5 psi. The liquid level valve may use an air-filled float with dimensions that are adjustable to increase the buoyant sealing force.
Other aspects provide for a method for preventing or reducing flood damage to a building by placing one or more check valves in the weep holes of the external sheathing material of the building and by sealing the weep holes with a sealing material. The check valves may have a cracking pressure less than 0.5 psi. The check valves may be any type of device or substance that allows water to pass essentially in one direction.
Other aspects of the present disclosure provide for a method for preventing or reducing flood damage to a building by placing a swellable material valve assembly in the weep holes of the external sheathing material of the building where the swellable material valve assembly blocks flood water from passing through the weep holes but allows moisture and air in the wall cavity between the external sheathing material and the wall of the structure to flow out. The smart material expands in the presence of water. The swellable smart material may include a water swelling elastomer or a hydrophilic polymer. The shape of the material may be used to allow water and air passage when the material is exposed to small water flows (e.g., <5 cc/min) of water, but to seal when the material is exposed to larger water flows (e.g., >5 cc/min). The water permeability of the material may reduce when the material is exposed to water.
Further aspects of the present disclosure provide for a method for preventing or reducing flood damage to a building by placing a swellable material directly in the weep holes of the external sheathing material of the building where the swellable material blocks flood water from passing through the weep holes, but allows moisture and air in the wall cavity between the external sheathing material and the wall of the structure to flow out. The swellable material may be positioned in one or more permeable packets.
While the present disclosure has been described with reference to building having a slab foundation, the disclosure is not limited to such buildings and may be applied to other buildings, such as those with pier and beam foundations.
Although the present embodiments and advantages have been described in detail, it should be understood that various changes, substitutions and alterations can be made herein without departing from the spirit and scope of the disclosure. Moreover, the scope of the present application is not intended to be limited to the particular embodiments of the process, machine, manufacture, composition of matter, means, methods and steps described in the specification. As one of ordinary skill in the art will readily appreciate from the disclosure, processes, machines, manufacture, compositions of matter, means, methods, or steps, presently existing or later to be developed that perform substantially the same function or achieve substantially the same result as the corresponding embodiments described herein may be utilized according to the present disclosure. Accordingly, the appended claims are intended to include within their scope such processes, machines, manufacture, compositions of matter, means, methods, or steps.
Claims
1. A valve assembly for regulating the flow of fluid through a weep hole, the valve assembly comprising:
- a flow regulator fluidically coupled with a weep hole to regulate flow of fluid through the weep hole, wherein the flow regulator has an open position and a closed position, wherein in the open position fluid is allowed to flow through the weep hole, and wherein in the closed position fluid is prevented from flowing through the weep hole.
2. The valve assembly of claim 1, wherein the valve assembly includes a conduit positioned through the weep hole and a valve fluidically coupled with the conduit, wherein the valve has an open position and a closed position, wherein in the open position fluid is allowed to flow through the weep hole, and wherein in the closed position fluid is prevented from flowing through the weep hole.
3. (canceled)
4. (canceled)
5. (canceled)
6. The valve assembly of claim 2, wherein the valve is a ball valve, a fill valve, a check valve, a gate valve, or a cylinder valve.
7. (canceled)
8. The valve assembly of claim 6, wherein the fill valve includes a chamber fluidically coupled with the conduit and with the external environment, and a fill valve member positioned within the chamber, wherein, when a sufficient volume of water enters the chamber the water buoyantly lifts the fill valve member until the fill valve member fluidically isolates the chamber from the conduit.
9. (canceled)
10. The valve assembly of claim 8, wherein the fill valve member includes a float having a cavity and a sealing member positioned on the float, wherein when the sufficient volume of water enters the chamber the water buoyantly lifts the float until the seal member fluidically isolates the chamber from the conduit.
11. The valve assembly of claim 10, wherein the fill valve has cracking pressure ranging from 0 to 0.5 psi.
12. (canceled)
13. The valve assembly of claim 6, wherein the check valve includes a valve seat and a valve member, wherein the valve member is biased to the open position, and wherein the valve member is responsive to pressure in the external environment such that sufficient pressure results in the valve member engaging with the valve seat to close the check valve.
14. (canceled)
15. The valve assembly of claim 6, wherein the check valve includes a swellable member positioned within the conduit or within a chamber fluidically coupled with the conduit, wherein the swellable member swells in the presence of water and shrinks upon drying, wherein when the swellable member is swollen the conduit is fluidically isolated from the external environment, and wherein when the swellable member is shrunk the conduit is fluidically coupled with the external environment.
16. The valve assembly of claim 15, wherein, in the shrunken state, gaps are present between the swellable member and the chamber or conduit facilitating the flow of water thereabout.
17. (canceled)
18. (canceled)
19. (canceled)
20. The valve assembly of claim 6, wherein the check valve has a cracking pressure ranging from 0 to 0.5 psi.
21. The valve assembly of claim 2, further comprising:
- an electrical controller coupled with the valve and positioned to open and close the valve, wherein the valve is electronically actuable; and
- a sensor in data and electrical communication with the controller, wherein the sensor is configured to detect the presence of water transmit data signals to the controller indicating the presence of water, and wherein the controller is configured to open or close the valve in response to the data signals from the sensor.
22. (canceled)
23. (canceled)
24. The valve assembly of claim 21, wherein the valve is remotely actuable to open and close.
25. The valve assembly of claim 1, wherein the valve assembly includes a swellable member positioned within the weep hole, wherein the swellable member swells in the presence of water and shrinks upon drying, wherein when the swellable member is swollen the weep hole is sealed, and wherein when the swellable member is shrunk the weep hole is fluidically coupled with the external environment.
26. (canceled)
27. (canceled)
28. (canceled)
29. The valve assembly of claim 25, wherein the swellable member is positioned within a permeable pocket or bag that is positioned within the weep holes.
30. (canceled)
31. A building comprising:
- an internal wall at least partially defining an interior environment of the building;
- an external sheathing;
- a cavity positioned between the external sheathing and the internal wall; and
- a plurality of flow regulators positioned relative to the external sheathing to regulate flow between the cavity and an external environment.
32. (canceled)
33. (canceled)
34. (canceled)
35. The building of claim 31, further comprising:
- weep holes through the sheathing, wherein the weep holes are positioned at a height on the building that is above the flow regulators;
- a water-proofing material coated onto the external sheathing; or
- combinations thereof.
36. (canceled)
37. (canceled)
38. (canceled)
39. (canceled)
40. (canceled)
41. (canceled)
42. (canceled)
43. (canceled)
44. (canceled)
45. (canceled)
46. (canceled)
47. (canceled)
48. A method for regulating the ingress and egress of fluid through an external sheathing of a building, the method comprising, in a building including an internal wall at least partially defining an interior environment of the building, an external sheathing, and a cavity positioned between the external sheathing and the internal wall:
- positioning a plurality of flow regulators relative to external sheathing of a building; and
- regulating flow between the cavity and an external environment using the flow regulators.
49. The method of claim 48, wherein positioning each flow regulator includes positioning a conduit through the external sheathing and fluidically coupling a valve with the conduit.
50. The method of claim 49, wherein regulating the flow between the cavity and the external environment includes opening the valves to allow fluid to flow through the valves and exit the cavity into the external environment, and closing the valves to prevent fluid from flowing through the valves and entering the cavity from the external environment.
51. The method of claim 50, wherein the valves are closed during the occurrence of flooding.
52. (canceled)
53. (canceled)
54. (canceled)
55. (canceled)
56. (canceled)
57. (canceled)
58. (canceled)
59. (canceled)
60. (canceled)
61. (canceled)
62. (canceled)
Type: Application
Filed: Sep 12, 2018
Publication Date: Mar 21, 2019
Inventor: STUART RONALD KELLER (HOUSTON, TX)
Application Number: 16/128,790