Battery Management Circuit, Balancing Circuit, and Device to be Charged
A battery management circuit and a battery management method, a balancing circuit and a balancing method, and a device to be charged are provided. The battery management circuit includes a first charging channel, a balancing circuit, and a communication circuit. Through the first charging channel, direct charging is conducted on a battery including a first cell and a second cell coupled in series. The communication circuit is configured to communicate with a power supply device, when the power supply device charges the battery through the first charging channel. The balancing circuit is a balancing circuit based on an RLC series circuit and configured to balance voltage of the first cell and voltage of the second cell.
This application is a continuation of International Application No. PCT/CN2017/087829, filed on Jun. 9, 2017, which claims priority to International Application No. PCT/CN2016/101944, filed on Oct. 12, 2016 and International Application No. PCT/CN2017/073653, filed on Feb. 15, 2017, the disclosures of all of which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entireties.
TECHNICAL FIELDThis disclosure relates to the field of charging technology, and more particularly to a battery management circuit and a battery management method, a balancing circuit and a balancing method, and a device to be charged.
BACKGROUNDAt present, devices to be charged, such as smart phones, are enjoying increasing popularity among consumers. However, the device to be charged needs to be charged frequently due to its high power consumption.
In order to improve charging speed, a practical scheme is to charge the device to be charged with large current. The larger the current, the higher the charging speed is. Nevertheless, the heating problem of the device to be charged is also getting more serious.
Therefore, requirements on reducing heating of the device to be charged are proposed.
SUMMARYImplementations of the disclosure provide a battery management circuit and a battery management method, a balancing circuit and a balancing method, and a device to be charged, where, on the premise of guaranteed charging speed, heating of the device to be charged can be reduced.
According to a first aspect of the disclosure, a battery management circuit is provided. The battery management circuit includes a first charging channel, a balancing circuit, and a communication circuit. Through the first charging channel, charging voltage and/or charging current are received from a power supply device and applied directly to a battery for charging, where the battery includes a first cell and a second cell coupled in series. When the power supply device charges the battery through the first charging channel, the communication circuit is configured to communicate with the power supply device to make magnitude of the charging voltage and/or charging current provided by the power supply device match a present charging stage of the battery. The balancing circuit is coupled with the first cell and the second cell and configured to balance voltage of the first cell and voltage of the second cell. The balancing circuit includes an RLC series circuit, a switch circuit, and a control circuit. The switch circuit has one end coupled with the first cell and the second cell and another end coupled with the RLC series circuit. The switch circuit has a control end coupled with the control circuit. The control circuit is configured to control the switch circuit to make the first cell and the second cell alternately form a closed loop with the RLC series circuit to provide input voltage for the RLC series circuit, when the voltage of the first cell and the voltage of the second cell are unbalanced.
According to a second aspect of the disclosure, a device to be charged is provided. The device to be charged includes a battery and the battery management circuit according to the first aspect of the disclosure, where the battery includes a first cell and a second cell coupled in series.
According to a third aspect of the disclosure, a balancing circuit is provided. The balancing circuit includes an RLC series circuit, a switch circuit, and a control circuit. The switch circuit has one end coupled with a first cell and a second cell and another end coupled with the RLC series circuit, and the switch circuit has a control end coupled with the control circuit. The control circuit is configured to control the switch circuit to make the first cell and the second cell alternately form a closed loop with the RLC series circuit to provide input voltage for the RLC series circuit, when the voltage of the first cell and the voltage of the second cell are unbalanced.
In the following, when we refer to “A and/or B”, it means A alone, B alone, or both A and B. For example, when we refer to “charging current and/or charging voltage”, it means charging current, charging voltage, or, both charging current and charging voltage.
A power supply device configured to charge a device to be charged has been provided in the related art. The power supply device works in a constant-voltage mode, where voltage output by the power supply device remains nearly constant, such as 5V, 9V, 12V, 20V, etc.
Voltage output by the power supply device is not suitable for being applied directly to a battery. Instead, the voltage output by the power supply device needs to be converted by a conversion circuit of the device to be charged, so that expected charging voltage and/or charging current of the battery of the device to be charged can be acquired.
The conversion circuit is configured to convert voltage output by the power supply device, so as to meet the requirements on expected charging voltage and/or charging current of the battery.
As an implementation, the conversion circuit can be a charging management module, such as a charging integrated circuit (IC), which, when the battery is charged, is configured to manage the charging voltage and/or charging current of the battery. The conversion circuit functions as a voltage feedback module and/or a current feedback module, so as to implement management of the charging voltage and/or charging current of the battery.
For example, a charging process of the battery can include at least one of a trickle charging stage, a constant-current charging stage, and a constant-voltage charging stage. In the trickle charging stage, the conversion circuit can utilize a current feedback loop, so as to make current flowing into the battery in the trickle charging stage satisfy expected charging current of the battery (such as a first charging current). In the constant-current charging stage, the conversion circuit can utilize a current feedback loop, so as to make current flowing into the battery in the constant-current charging stage satisfy expected charging current of the battery (such as a second charging current, which may be higher than the first charging current). In the constant-voltage charging stage, the conversion circuit can utilize a voltage feedback loop, so as to make voltage applied to the battery in the constant-voltage charging stage satisfy expected charging voltage of the battery.
As one implementation, when the voltage output by the power supply device is higher than expected charging voltage of the battery, the conversion circuit can be configured to decrease (that is, step down) the voltage output by the power supply device, so as to make decreased charging voltage meet requirements on the expected charging voltage of the battery. As another implementation, when the voltage output by the power supply device is lower than the expected charging voltage of the battery, the conversion circuit can be configured to increase (that is, step up) the voltage output by the power supply device, so as to make increased charging voltage meet requirements on the expected charging voltage of the battery.
As yet another implementation, the voltage output by the power supply device is a constant 5V voltage, for example. When the battery includes a single cell (for example, a lithium battery cell, with a 4.2V charging cut-off voltage), the conversion circuit (such as a Buck circuit) can decrease the voltage output by the power supply device, so as to make the decreased charging voltage meet requirements on the expected charging voltage of the battery.
As still another implementation, the voltage output by the power supply device is a constant 5V voltage, for example. When the power supply device charges two or more single-cell batteries coupled in series (for example, a lithium battery cell, with a 4.2V charging cut-off voltage), the conversion circuit (such as a Boost circuit) can increase the voltage output by the power supply device, so as to make the increased charging voltage meet requirements on the expected charging voltage of the battery.
The conversion circuit is limited by low circuit conversion efficiency, which results in electrical energy that fails to be converted dissipating in the form of heat. The heat can be accumulated inside the device to be charged. Since designed space and heat dissipation space of the device to be charged are both very small, for example, the physical size of a user's mobile terminal is increasingly lighter and thinner, and a large number of electronic components are densely arranged in the mobile terminal at the same time, difficulty in designing the conversion circuit is increased. In addition, it is difficult to remove promptly heat accumulated inside the device to be charged, which in turn results in abnormality of the device to be charged.
For example, heat accumulated inside the conversion circuit may cause heat interference with electronic components near the conversion circuit, which results in working abnormality of the electronic components. For another example, the heat accumulated inside the conversion circuit may shorten service life of the conversion circuit and the electronic components near the conversion circuit. For yet another example, the heat accumulated inside the conversion circuit may cause heat interference with the battery, which in turn brings about abnormality of charge and discharge of the battery. For still another example, the heat accumulated inside the conversion circuit may raise temperature of the device to be charged and thus influence user experience in the charging process. For still another example, the heat accumulated inside the conversion circuit may result in short circuit of the conversion circuit itself, causing abnormality of charging since the voltage output by the power supply device is applied directly to the battery. In case that the battery is charged with overvoltage for a long time, battery explosion may even occur, thus putting users at risk.
According to an implementation of the present disclosure, a power supply device with adjustable output voltage is provided. The power supply device can acquire state information of a battery. The state information of a battery can include present power and/or present voltage of the battery. The power supply device can adjust output voltage of the power supply device itself according to the state information of the battery acquired, so as to meet requirements on expected charging voltage and/or charging current of the battery. Output voltage adjusted by the power supply device can be applied directly to the battery to charge the battery (referred to as “direct charging” hereinafter). In addition, in the constant-current charging stage of the battery, the output voltage adjusted by the power supply device can be applied directly to the battery for charging.
The power supply device can function as a voltage feedback module and/or a current feedback module, so as to achieve management of the charging voltage and/or charging current of the battery.
The power supply device configured to adjust the output voltage of the power supply device itself according to the state information of the battery acquired can be configured to acquire the state information of the battery in real time and adjust the output voltage of the power supply device itself according to real-time state information of the battery acquired each time, so as to meet requirements on the expected charging voltage and/or charging current of the battery.
The power supply device configured to adjust the output voltage of the power supply device itself according to the real-time state information of the battery acquired can be configured to acquire, with increase in voltage of the battery in the charging process, current state information of the battery at different time points in the charging process and adjust in real time the output voltage of the power supply device itself according to the current state information of the battery, so as to meet requirements on the expected charging voltage and/or charging current of the battery.
For example, the charging process of the battery can include at least one of the trickle charging stage, the constant-current charging stage, and the constant-voltage charging stage. In the trickle charging stage, the power supply device can output the first charging current in the tricked charging stage to charge the battery, so as to meet requirements on expected charging current (the first charging current can be a constant DC current) of the battery. In the constant-current charging stage, the power supply device can utilize the current feedback loop to make the current output in the constant-current charging stage from the power supply device to the battery meet requirements of the battery on expected charging current, such as the second charging current. The second charging current may be a pulsating waveform current and may be larger than the first charging current, where a peak value (that is, peak current) of the pulsating waveform current in the constant-current charging stage may be greater than magnitude of the constant DC current in the trickle charging stage, and “constant-current” in the constant-current charging stage may refer to a situation where peak value or average value of the pulsating waveform current remain nearly constant. In the constant-voltage charging stage, the power supply device can utilize the voltage feedback loop to make the voltage output in the constant-voltage charging stage from the power supply device to the device to be charged (that is, constant DC voltage) remain constant.
For example, in implementations of the present disclosure, the power supply device can be mainly configured to control the constant-current charging stage of the battery of the device to be charged. In other implementations, control of the trickle charging stage and the constant-voltage charging stage of the battery of the device to be charged can also be cooperatively completed by the power supply device of the implementation of the present disclosure and an extra charging chip of the device to be charged. Compared with charging power of the battery received in the constant-current charging stage, charging powers of the battery received in the trickle charging stage and in the constant-voltage charging stage are lower, so conversion efficiency loss and heat accumulation of the charging chip of the device to be charged are acceptable. It should be noted that, in implementations of the present disclosure, the constant-current charging stage or the constant-current stage can refer to a charging mode of controlling output current of the power supply device but does not require that the output current of the power supply device remain completely constant, and may be, for example, a peak value or an average value of a pulsating waveform current output by the power supply device remaining nearly constant, or remaining nearly constant within a certain time period. Practically, for example, in the constant-current charging stage, the power supply device usually charges the battery in a multi-stage constant current charging manner.
Multi-stage constant current charging can include N constant-current stages, where N is an integer not less than two. In the multi-stage constant current charging, a first stage charging begins with a pre-determined charging current. The N constant-current stages of the multi-stage constant current charging are executed in sequence from the first stage to an Nth stage. When a previous constant-current stage ends and a next constant-current stage begins, the peak value or average value of the pulsating waveform may decrease. When voltage of the battery reaches a threshold value of charging cut-off voltage, the previous constant-current stage ends and the next constant-current stage begins. A current conversion process between two adjacent constant-current stages may be a gradual process or in a step-like manner.
In addition, in case that the current output by the power supply device is a pulsating DC current, the constant-current mode can refer to a charging mode of controlling a peak value or an average value of the pulsating DC current, that is, controlling the peak value of the current output by the power supply device not greater than current corresponding to the constant-current mode. Furthermore, in case that the current output by the power supply device is an alternating current (AC) current, the constant-current mode can refer to a charging mode of controlling a peak value of the AC current.
In addition, it should be noted that, in the implementations of the present disclosure, the device to be charged can be a terminal. The “terminal” can include but is not limited to a device configured via a wired line and/or a wireless interface to receive/transmit communication signals. Examples of the wired line may include, but are not limited to, at least one of a public switched telephone network (PSTN), a digital subscriber line (DSL), a digital cable, a direct connection cable, and/or other data connection lines or network connection lines. Examples of the wireless interface may include, but are not limited to, a wireless interface with a cellular network, a wireless local area network (WLAN), a digital television network (such as a digital video broadcasting-handheld (DVB-H) network), a satellite network, an AM-FM broadcast transmitter, and/or with other communication terminals. A communication terminal configured to communicate via a wireless interface may be called a “wireless communication terminal”, a “wireless terminal”, and/or a “mobile terminal”. Examples of a mobile terminal may include, but are not limited to, a satellite or cellular telephone, a personal communication system (PCS) terminal capable of cellular radio telephone, data processing, fax, and/or data communication, a personal digital assistant (PDA) equipped with radio telephone, pager, Internet/Intranet access, web browsing, notebook, calendar, and/or global positioning system (GPS) receiver, and/or other electronic devices equipped with radio telephone capability such as a conventional laptop or a handheld receiver. In addition, in the implementations of the present disclosure, the device to be charged or terminal can also include a power bank. The power bank can be charged by the power supply device and thus store the energy to charge other electronic devices.
In addition, in the implementations of the present disclosure, when a pulsating waveform voltage output by the power supply device is applied directly to a battery of the device to be charged to charge the battery, charging current can be represented in the form of a pulsating wave (such as a steamed bun wave). It can be understood that, the charging current can charge the battery in an intermittent manner. Period of the charging current can vary with frequency of an input AC such as an AC power grid. For instance, frequency corresponding to the period of the charging current is N times (N is a positive integer) or N times the reciprocal of frequency of a power grid. Additionally, when the charging current charges the battery in an intermittent manner, current waveform corresponding to the charging current can include one pulsation or one group of pulsations synchronized with the power grid.
As an implementation, in the implementations of the present disclosure, when the battery is charged (such as in at least one of the trickle charging stage, the constant-current charging stage, and the constant-voltage charging stage), the battery can receive a pulsating DC (direction remains constant, and magnitude varies with time), an AC (both direction and magnitude vary with time), or a DC (that is, a constant DC, neither magnitude nor direction varies with time) output by the power supply device.
As to a conventional device to be charged, the device to be charged usually has only one single cell. When the single cell is charged with large charging current, heating of the device to be charged is serious. In order to guarantee charging speed and reduce heating of the device to be charged, structure of the cell of the device to be charged is modified in the implementation of the present disclosure. A battery with cells coupled in series, together with a battery management circuit that is able to conduct direct charging on the battery with cells coupled in series, is provided. Since, to achieve equal charging speed, charging current of the battery with cells coupled in series is 1/N time the magnitude of charging current of the battery with one single cell, where N represents the number of cells coupled in series of the device to be charged. For the equal charging speed, the battery management circuit of the implementation of the present disclosure acquires smaller charging current from an external power supply device, thereby reducing heating in the charging process. The following will describe the implementation of the disclosure in detail in conjunction with
The battery management circuit 20 can include a first charging channel 21 and a communication circuit 23.
Through the first charging channel 21, charging voltage and/or charging current can be received from the power supply device 10 and applied to the battery 30 for charging.
In other words, through the first charging channel 21, direct charging can be conducted on the battery 30 by applying directly the charging voltage and/or charging current received from the power supply device 10 to the battery 30. “Direct charging” is elaborated in the whole disclosure and will not be repeated herein. The first charging channel 21 can be referred to as a direct charging channel. The direst charging channel does not need to be provided with a conversion circuit such as a charging IC. That is to say, unlike a conventional charging channel, through the direct charging channel, the charging voltage and/or charging current received from the power supply device do not need to be converted and then applied to the battery. Instead, through the direct charging channel, the charging voltage and/or charging current received from the power supply device can be applied directly to the battery.
The first charging channel 21 can be, for example, a wire. Optionally, the first charging channel 21 can be provided with other circuit components unrelated to charging voltage and/or charging current conversion. For instance, the battery management circuit 20 includes the first charging channel 21 and a second charging channel. The first charging channel 21 can be provided with a switch component configured to switch between charging channels, which will be described in detail in
The power supply device 10 can be the power supply device with adjustable output voltage mentioned above. However, the types of the power supply device 10 are not limited herein. For example, the power supply device 10 can be a device specially configured to charge such as an adaptor, a power bank, etc., or other devices that are able to provide both power and data service such as a computer.
The battery 30 according the implementations of the present disclosure can include multiple cells coupled in series (at least two cells). The cells coupled in series can be configured to divide the charging voltage provided by the power supply device 10 in the charging process. As illustrated in
The battery 30 can be one battery or multiple batteries. That is to say, the cells coupled in series according to the implementations of the present disclosure can be packaged into one battery pack to form one battery or be packaged into multiple battery packs to form multiple batteries. For instance, the battery 30 can be one battery. The one battery includes the first cell 31a and the second cell 31b coupled in series. For another instance, the battery 30 can include two batteries. One of the two batteries includes the first cell 31a, and the other one of the two batteries includes the second cell 31b.
When the power supply device 10 charges the battery 30 through the first charging channel 21, the communication circuit 23 can be configured to communicate with the power supply device 10, so as to make magnitude of the charging voltage and/or charging current received from the power supply device 10 match a present charging stage of the battery 30, or make magnitude of the charging voltage and/or charging current received from the power supply device 10 meet requirements on the charging voltage and/or charging current in the present charging stage of the battery 30.
As mentioned above, the first charging channel 21 is a direct charging channel, through which the charging voltage and/or charging current received from the power supply device 10 can be applied directly to the battery 30. In order to achieve direct charging, the implementations of the present disclosure introduce in the battery management circuit 20 a control circuit with a communication function, that is, the communication circuit 23. The communication circuit 23 can be configured to keep communicating with the power supply device 10 in a direct charging process to form a closed-loop feedback mechanism, so as to enable the power supply device 10 to acquire the state information of the battery in real time, thus adjusting continuously the charging voltage and/or charging current flowing into the first charging channel to guarantee that magnitude of the charging voltage and/or charging current received from the power supply device 10 matches the present charging stage of the battery 30.
The present charging stage of the battery 30 can be any one of the trickle charging stage, the constant-current charging stage, and the constant-voltage charging stage.
In the trickle charging stage of the battery 30, the communication circuit 23 can be configured to communicate with the power supply device 10, so that the power supply device 10 can adjust charging current provided for the first charging channel 21, to make the charging current match charging current corresponding to the trickle charging stage, or make the charging current to meet requirements on charging current in the trickle charging stage of the battery 30.
In the constant-voltage charging stage of the battery 30, the communication circuit 23 can be configured to communicate with the power supply device 10, so that the power supply device 10 can adjust charging voltage provided for the first charging channel 21, to make the charging voltage match charging voltage corresponding to the constant-voltage charging stage, or make the charging voltage meet requirements on charging voltage in the constant-voltage charging stage of the battery 30.
In the constant-current charging stage of the battery 30, the communication circuit 23 can be configured to communicate with the power supply device 10, so that the power supply device 10 can adjust charging current provided for the first charging channel 21, to make the charging current match charging current corresponding to the constant-current charging stage, or make the charging current meet requirements on charging current in the constant-current charging stage of the battery 30.
In implementations of the present disclosure, content communicated and communication methods between the communication circuit 23 and the power supply device 10 are not limited. The above aspects will be described in detail hereinafter in conjunction with specific implementations and will not be repeated herein.
The battery management circuit 20 can further include a balancing circuit 22. The balancing circuit 22 can be coupled with the first cell 31a and the second cell 31b to balance the voltage of the first cell 31a and the voltage of the second cell 31b.
The battery management circuit 20 according to the implementations of the present disclosure can be configured to conduct direct charging on the battery. In other words, the battery management circuit 20 according to the implementation of the present disclosure is a battery management circuit that supports a direct charging architecture. In the direct charging architecture, the direct charging channel does not need to be provided with a conversion circuit, which in turn reduces heating of the device to be charged in the charging process.
Direct charging scheme can reduce heating of the device to be charged in the charging process to some extent. However, when charging current received from the power supply device 10 is excessive, such as an output current of the power supply device 10 reaching a magnitude between 5 A and 10 A, heating of the battery management circuit 20 is still serious, and thus safety problems may occur.
In order to guarantee charging speed and further reduce heating of the device to be charged in the charging process, structure of the battery is modified in the implementations of the present disclosure. A battery with cells coupled in series is provided. Compared with a battery with one single cell, to achieve an equal charging speed, charging current of the battery with cells coupled in series is 1/N time the magnitude of charging current of a battery with one single cell, where N represents the number of cells coupled in series of the device to be charged. That is to say, as to an equal charging speed, the implementations of the present disclosure can substantially reduce magnitude of charging current, thereby further reducing heating of the device to be charged in the charging process.
For example, as to a single-cell battery of 3000 mAh, a charging current of 9 A (ampere) is needed to reach a charging speed of 3 C (Coulomb). In order to reach an equal charging speed and reduce heating of the device to be charged in the charging process at the same time, two cells, each of 1500 mAh, can be coupled in series to replace the single cell of 3000 mAh. As a result, only a charging current of 4.5 A is needed to reach the charging speed of 3 C. In addition, compared with the charging current of 9 A, the charging current of 4.5 A produces substantially less heat than the charging current of 9 A.
In addition, the power management circuit in the implementations of the present disclosure can be configured to balance voltage between cells coupled in series and make parameters of the cells coupled in series be approximate, so as to facilitate unified management of cells of the battery. Furthermore, in case that the battery includes multiple cells, keeping parameters between the cells consistent can improve overall performance and service life of the battery.
It should be noted that, since a direct charging manner is adopted to charge the battery 30 with multiple cells coupled in series through the first charging channel 21, charging voltage received from the power supply device 10 needs to be higher than total voltage of the battery 30. In general, working voltage of a single cell is between 3.0V and 4.35V. In case of double cells coupled in series, when the first charging channel 21 is adopted in the charging process, output voltage of the power supply device 10 can be set equal to or higher than 10V.
The balancing circuit 22 can be implemented in various manners. The implementations of the disclosure provide a balancing circuit based on an RLC series circuit. The following will describe in detail the balancing circuit based on an RLC series circuit in conjunction with
As illustrated in
The control circuit 27 is configured to control the switch circuit 26 to make the first cell 31a and the second cell 31b alternately form a closed loop with the RLC series circuit 25 to provide input voltage for the RLC series circuit 25, when the voltage of the first cell 31a and the voltage of the second cell 31b are unbalanced. In other words, the control circuit 27 can be configured to control the switch circuit 26 to make the first cell 31a and the second cell 31b alternately be a voltage source of the RLC series circuit 25 to provide input voltage for the RLC series circuit 25.
When the control circuit 27 couples alternately the first cell 31a and the second cell 31b with the RLC series circuit 25 via the switch circuit 26, an equivalent circuit diagram of
Still take the voltage of the first cell 31a being 4.3V and the voltage of the second cell 31b being 4.2V as an example.
When the voltage of VG1 is 4.3V, it means that the first cell 31a is coupled with the RLC series circuit 25; when input voltage of VG1 is 4.2V it means that the second cell 31b is coupled with the RLC series circuit 25. By comparing the waveform of Current I in the RLC series circuit 25 and the voltage waveform of VG1 of the RLC series circuit 25, it can be seen that when the second cell 31b is coupled with the RLC series circuit 25, current in the RLC series circuit 25 is a negative current, that is, the current flows from the outside to the second cell 31b to charge the second cell 31b, so as to balance the voltage of the first cell 31a and the voltage of the second cell 31b.
The balancing circuit in the implementations of the disclosure is a balancing circuit based on an RLC series circuit. The balancing circuit has a simple circuit structure and is able to reduce complexity of a battery management circuit. In addition, the number of components of the RLC series circuit is small and total impedance of the RLC series circuit is low. Therefore, heating is low during working of the balancing circuit.
As pointed above, when the control circuit 27 couples alternately the first cell 31a and the second cell 31b with the RLC series circuit 25, the waveform of the current I in the RLC series circuit 25 is illustrated in
The RLC series circuit 25 has a resonant characteristic. The magnitude of the current I in the RLC series circuit 25 depends on voltage frequency of VG1 (that is, the frequency of the input voltage of the RLC series circuit 25). The more the voltage frequency of VG1 approximates to resonant frequency of the RLC series circuit 25, the higher the current in the RLC series circuit 25 is.
Therefore, in order to improve efficiency in energy transfer of the balancing circuit, the control circuit 27 can control the switch circuit 26, to make frequency of the input voltage of the RLC series circuit 25 approximate to the resonant frequency of the RLC series circuit 25, which can substantially improve efficiency in energy transfer between the first cell 31a and the second cell 31b. When the frequency of the input voltage of the RLC series circuit 25 reaches the resonant frequency of the RLC series circuit 25, that is, the frequency of the input voltage of the RLC series circuit 25 reaches f=1/π√{square root over (LC)}, where L represents self-inductance coefficient of Inductor L and C represents capacitance of Capacitor C, the RLC series circuit 25 goes into a resonant state. When the RLC series circuit 25 is in a resonant state, Inductor L and Capacitor C have voltages which are equal in magnitude and opposite in phase, and thus the voltages can cancel each other out, which makes Inductor L and Capacitor C form a short circuit (Inductor L and Capacitor C are equivalent to a wire). The RLC series circuit 25 becomes a pure resistance circuit, magnitude of the current I in the RLC series circuit 25 reaches a maximum value, and efficiency in energy transfer in the balancing circuit 22 reaches the highest level.
The configuration of the switch circuit 26 is not limited herein, as long as the first cell 31a and the second cell 31b can be alternately coupled with the RLC series circuit 25 through on-off of a switch component(s) of the switch circuit 26. The following will provide several alternative implementations of the switch circuit 26.
The at least part of components of the RLC series circuit mentioned above can be at least one of Capacitor C, Inductor L, and Resistor R. For instance, the at least part of components of the RLC series circuit mentioned above can be Inductor L, and the components other than the at least part of components of the RLC series circuit, can be Capacitor C and Resistor R. For another instance, the at least part of components of the RLC series circuit mentioned above can be Inductor L and Capacitor C, and the components of the RLC series circuit, other than the at least part of components of the RLC series circuit, can be Resistor R. For yet another instance, the at least part of components of the RLC series circuit mentioned above can be Resistor R, Capacitor C, and Inductor L, and there is no other component except the at least part of components of the RLC series circuit. In this case, the second connected end 61 of the first switch transistor Q1 can be coupled with the second connected end 67 of the third switch transistor Q3 directly through wires.
The switch transistor mentioned above can be, for example, a MOS (metal oxide semiconductor) transistor. In addition, the connected end of the switch transistor mentioned above can be a source electrode and/or a drain electrode of the switch transistor. The control end of the switch transistor can be a grid electrode of the switch transistor.
Based on the balancing circuit illustrated in
At block 810, control the first switch transistor Q1 and the third switch transistor Q3 to an on-state from time t0 to time t1 and control the second switch transistor Q2 and the fourth switch transistor Q4 to an off-state from time t0 to time t1, where time t0 represents a start time of a work period of the control circuit 27 (that is, time 0 of the work period).
It can be seen from
At block 820, control the first switch transistor Q1, the second switch transistor Q2, the third switch transistor Q3, and the fourth switch transistor Q4 to the off-state from time t1 to time t2, where a time period from time t1 to time t2 represents a preset first dead time.
A dead time can be understood as a protection time, which aims to avoid the first switch transistor Q1 and the third switch transistor Q3 being simultaneously in the on-state with the second switch transistor Q2 and the fourth switch transistor Q4 and thus resulting in circuit fault.
At block 830, control the second switch transistor Q2 and the fourth switch transistor Q4 to the on-state from time t2 to time t3 and control the first switch transistor Q1 and the third switch transistor Q3 to the off-state from time t2 to time t3.
It can be seen from
In some implementations, value of t3-t2 can be equal to value of t1-t0, that is, a time period of the second switch transistor Q2 and the fourth switch transistor Q4 being in the on-state can be equal to a time period of the first switch transistor Q1 and the third switch transistor Q3 being in the on-state.
At block 840, control the first switch transistor Q1, the second switch transistor Q2, the third switch transistor Q3, and the fourth switch transistor Q4 to the off-state from time t3 to time t4, where t4 represents an end time of the work period and a time period from time t3 to time t4 represents a preset second dead time.
In some implementations, the second dead time can be equal to the first dead time.
In addition, in some implementations, by setting reasonably value of t1-t4, work frequency of the control circuit 27 can be made to be equal to the resonant frequency of the RLC series circuit, which can make frequency of the input voltage of the RLC series circuit be equal to the resonant frequency of the RLC series circuit, thereby prompting the RLC series circuit to reach the resonant state.
It should be understood that,
At block 910, control the second switch transistor Q2 and the fourth switch transistor Q4 to an on-state from time t0 to time t1 and control the first switch transistor Q1 and the third switch transistor Q3 to an off-state from time t0 to time t1, where time t0 represents a start time of a work period of the control circuit 27.
It can be seen from
At block 920, control the first switch transistor Q1, the second switch transistor Q2, the third switch transistor Q3, and the fourth switch transistor Q4 to the off-state from time t1 to time t2, where a time period from time t1 to time t2 represents a preset first dead time.
At block 930, control the first switch transistor Q1 and the third switch transistor Q3 to the on-state from time t2 to time t3 and control the second switch transistor Q2 and the fourth switch transistor Q4 to the off-state from time t2 to time t3.
It can be seen from to
In some implementations, value of t3-t2 can be equal to value of t1-t0, that is, a time period of the second switch transistor Q2 and the fourth switch transistor Q4 being in the on-state can be equal to a time period of the first switch transistor Q1 and the third switch transistor Q3 being in the on-state.
At block 940, control the first switch transistor Q1, the second switch transistor Q2, the third switch transistor Q3, and the fourth switch transistor Q4 to the off-state from time t3 to time t4, where t4 represents an end time of the work period and a time period from time t3 to time t4 represents a preset second dead time.
In some implementations, the second dead time can be equal to the first dead time.
In addition, in some implementations, by setting reasonably value of t1-t4, work frequency of the control circuit 27 can be made to be equal to the resonant frequency of the RLC series circuit, which can make frequency of the input voltage of the RLC series circuit be equal to the resonant frequency of the RLC series circuit, thereby prompting the RLC series circuit to reach the resonant state.
It should be understood that,
Optionally, in some implementations, as illustrated in
It can be understood from above that, through the first charging channel 21, direct charging is conducted on cells of the battery 30, and direct charging requires that charging voltage received from the power supply device 10 be higher than total voltage of cells coupled in series of the battery. For example, as to two cells coupled in series, suppose present voltage of each cell is 4V, when the two cells are charged through the first charging channel 21, the charging voltage received from the power supply device 10 is required to be at least higher than 8V. However, output voltage of a conventional power supply device is usually unable to reach 8V (for example, a conventional adaptor usually provides an output voltage of 5V), which results in the conventional power supply device being unable to charge the battery 30 through the first charging channel 21. In order to make the above direct charging circuit be compatible with the conventional power supply device, such as a conventional power adaptor, the second charging channel 24 is provided herein. The second charging channel 24 is provided with a boost circuit 25, and the boost circuit 25 is configured to increase the initial voltage provided by the power supply device 10 to a target voltage to make the target voltage be higher than the total voltage of the battery 30, so as to solve the problem of the conventional power supply device being unable to charge the battery 30 with multiple cells coupled in series according to the implementations of the disclosure.
The configuration of the boost circuit 25 is not limited herein. For instance, a Boost circuit or a charge pump can be adopted to increase voltage. Optionally, in some implementations, the second charging channel 24 can adopt a conventional charging channel design, that is, the second charging channel 24 can be provided with a conversion circuit, such as a charging IC. The conversion circuit can take constant-voltage and constant-current control of the charging process of the battery 30 and adjust (such as boost or buck) the initial voltage received from the power supply device 10 according to actual needs. In the implementations of the disclosure, the initial voltage received from the power supply device 10 can be increased to the target voltage by utilizing a boost function of the conversion circuit.
The communication circuit 23 can achieve switching between the first charging channel 21 and the second charging channel 24 through a switch component. Specifically, as illustrated in
In implementations of the disclosure, a device to be charged is provided. As illustrated in
At present, a single-cell power supply scheme is generally adopted for charging in a device to be charged (such as a terminal). Multiple cells coupled in series are proposed in implementations of the disclosure. Total voltage of the multiple cells is high and is therefore unsuitable to be used directly to supply power to the device to be charged. In order to solve this problem, a practical scheme is to adjust working voltage of the system of the device to be charged, so as to enable the system of the device to be charged to support power supply of multiple cells at the same time. However, this scheme results in too many modifications to the device to be charged and high cost.
Optionally, in some implementations, the device to be charged 40 can be provided with a buck circuit, so as to make decreased voltage meet requirements of the device to be charged 40 on power supply voltage.
For example, working voltage of a single cell is 3.0V to 4.35V. In order to guarantee normal power supply voltage of the system of the device to be charged, the buck circuit can be configured to decrease the total voltage of the battery 30 to a value between 3.0V and 4.35V. The buck circuit can be implemented in various manners, such as a Buck circuit, a charge pump, etc., to decrease voltage.
Optionally, in other implementations, a power supply circuit of the device to be charged 40 has an input end that can be coupled with both ends of any one single cell of the battery 30. The power supply circuit can supply power to the system of the device to be charged 40 according to voltage of the one single cell.
It should be understood that, voltage decreased by the buck circuit may have ripples and in turn influence power supply quality of the device to be charged. The implementations of the disclosure still adopt one single cell to supply power to the system of the device to be charged, due to steady voltage output by one single cell. Therefore, in the implementations of the disclosure, while a problem of how to supply power based on a multiple-cell scheme is solved, power supply quality of the system of the device to be charged can be guaranteed.
When one single cell is adopted to supply power, imbalance of voltage between different cells of the battery 30 may occur. The imbalance of voltage between different cells can cause difficulty in battery management. In addition, difference in parameters of cells of the battery can result in decrease in service life of the battery. In the implementation of the disclosure, the balancing circuit 22 is used to balance voltage between cells, thereby keeping voltage between the cells of the battery 30 balanced even if the above single-cell power supply scheme is adopted.
With output power of the power supply device increasing, when the power supply device charges the cells of the device to be charged, lithium precipitation may occur, which deceases service life of the cells.
In order to improve reliability and safety of the cells, in some implementations, the power supply device 10 can be controlled to output a pulsating DC current (also referred to as a one-way pulsating output current, a pulsating waveform current, or a steamed bun-wave current). Since the direct charging manner is adopted to charge the battery 30 through the first charging channel 21, the pulsating DC current received from the power supply device 10 can be applied directly to the battery 30. As illustrated in
Adjusting charging current output by the power supply device 10 to the pulsating DC current can be achieved in various manners. For example, a primary filtering circuit and a secondary filtering circuit of the power supply device 10 can be removed, so as to make the power supply device 10 output the pulsating DC current.
Optionally, in some implementations, the charging current received from the power supply device 10 by the first charging channel 21 can be an AC current, for example, a primary filtering circuit, a secondary rectifying circuit, and a secondary filtering circuit of the power supply device 10 can be removed to make the power supply device 10 output the AC current. The AC current can also reduce lithium precipitation of the cell and increase the service life of the cell.
Optionally, in some implementations, the power supply device 10 is selectively operable in a first charging mode or a second charging mode. Charging speed of the power supply device 10 charging the battery 30 in the second charging mode is faster than that of the power supply device 10 charging the battery 30 in the first charging mode. In other words, compared with the power supply device 10 working in the first charging mode, the power supply device 10 working in the second charging mode takes less time to charge battery of the same capacity. In addition, in some implementations, in the first charging mode, the power supply device 10 charges the battery 30 through the second charging channel 24; in the second charging mode, the power supply device 10 charges the battery 30 through the first charging channel 21.
The first charging mode can be a normal charging mode. The second charging mode can be a quick charging mode. In the normal charging mode, the power supply device outputs smaller current (usually smaller than 2.5 A) or adopts low power (usually lower than 15 W) to charge the battery of the device to be charged. In the normal charging mode, charging fully a battery of high capacity (such as a 3000 mA battery) usually takes several hours. However, in the quick charging mode, the power supply device can output larger current (usually larger than 2.5 A, such as 4.5 A, 5 A, or even larger) or adopt higher power (usually higher than or equal to 15 W) to charge the battery of the device to be charged. Compared with the normal charging mode, in the quick charging mode, the power supply device can charge fully the battery of the same capacity within a substantially shorter charging period and at a higher charging speed.
In addition, the communication circuit 23 can be configured to conduct two-way communication with the power supply device 10, to control output of the power supply device 10 in the second charging mode, that is, to control the charging voltage and/or charging current provided by the power supply device 10 in the second charging mode. The device to be charged 40 can include a charging interface. The communication circuit 23 is configured to communicate with the power supply device 10 through a data line of the charging interface. For instance, the charging interface can be a USB interface. The data line can be a D+ line and/or a D− line of the USB interface. Optionally, the device to be charged 40 can be further configured to conduct wireless communication with the power supply device 10.
Content communicated between the power supply device 10 and the communication circuit 23 and control manners of the communication circuit 23 on output of the power supply device 10 in the second charging mode are not limited herein. For example, the communication circuit 23 can be configured to communicate with the power supply device 10, interact with present total voltage and/or present power of the battery 30 of the device to be charged 40, and adjust output voltage and/or output current of the power supply device 10 according to the present total voltage and/or present power of the battery 30. The following will describe in detail the content communicated between the communication circuit 23 and the power supply device 10 and the control manners of the communication circuit 23 on output of the power supply device 10 in the second charging mode in conjunction with specific implementations of the disclosure.
Description above does not limit master-slave relationship between the power supply device 10 and the device to be charged (or the communication circuit 23 of the device to be charged). That is to say, any one of the power supply device 10 and the device to be charged can function as a master device to initiate a two-way communication, and correspondingly the other one of the power supply device 10 and the device to be charged can function as a slave device to make a first response or a first reply to the communication initiated by the master device. As a practical manner, identities of the master device and the slave device can be determined by comparing levels of the power supply device 10 and the device to be charged with reference to earth in a communication process.
The implementation of the two-way communication between the power supply device 10 and the device to be charged is not limited herein. In other words, any one of the power supply device 10 and the device to be charged can function as the master device to initiate the communication, and correspondingly the other one of the power supply device 10 and the device to be charged can function as the slave device to make the first response or the first reply to the communication initiated by the master device. Besides, the master device can make a second response to the first response or the first reply of the slave device, as such, the master device and the slave device complete a negotiation on charging modes. As a possible implementation, charging between the master device and the slave device can be executed after completion of multiple negotiations on charging modes between the master device and the slave device, so as to guarantee that the charging process is safe and reliable after negotiations.
The master device can make the second response to the first response or the first reply to the communication of the slave device as follows. The master device receives from the slave device the first response or the first reply to the communication and makes the second response to the first response or the first reply of the slave device. As an example, when the master device receives from the slave device the first response or the first reply to the communication within a preset time period, the master device makes the second response to the first response or the first reply of the slave device as follows. The master device and the slave device complete a negotiation on charging modes. Charging between the master device and the slave device is executed in the first charging mode or in the second charging mode according to the negotiation result, that is, the power supply device 10 is operable in the first charging mode or in the second charging mode to charge the device to be charged according to the negotiation.
The master device can also make the second response to the first response or the first reply to the communication of the slave device as follows. When the master device fails to receive from the slave device the first response or the first reply to the communication within a preset time period, the master device can still make the second response to the first response or the first reply made by the slave device. As an example, when the master device fails to receive from the slave device the first response or the first reply to the communication within a preset time period, the master device can still make the second response to the first response or the first reply made by the slave device as follows: the master device and the slave device complete a negotiation on charging modes. Charging is executed in the first charging mode between the master device and the slave device, that is, the power supply device is operable in the first charging mode to charge the device to be charged.
Optionally, in some implementations, after the device to be charged, as the main device, initiates the communication and the power supply device 10, as the subordinate device, makes the first response or the first reply to the communication initiated by the main device, without the device to be charged making the second response to the first response or the first reply of the power supply device 10, it can be regarded as the main device and the subordinate device completing a negotiation on charging modes, and thus the power supply device 10 can determine to charge the device to be charged in the first charging mode or in the second charging mode according to the negotiation.
Optionally, in some implementations, the communication circuit 23 conducts two-way communication with the power supply device 10, so as to control output of the power supply device 10 in the second charging mode as follows. The communication circuit 23 conducts two-way communication with the power supply device 10, so as to negotiate charging modes between the power supply device 10 and the device to be charged.
Optionally, in some implementations, the communication circuit 23 conducts two-way communication with the power supply device 10 to negotiate charging modes between the power supply device 10 and the device to be charged as follows. The communication circuit 23 receives a first instruction from the power supply device 10, the first instruction is for enquiring whether the device to be charged enable (in other words, switches on) the second charging mode; the communication circuit 23 sends a reply instruction of the first instruction to the power supply 10, the reply instruction of the first instruction is for indicating whether the device to be charged agrees to enable the second charging mode; in case that the device to be charged agrees to enable the second charging mode, the communication circuit 23 controls the power supply device 10 to charge the battery 30 though the first charging channel 21.
Optionally, in some implementations, the communication circuit 23 conducts two-way communication with the power supply device 10 to control output of the power supply device 10 in the second charging mode as follows. The communication circuit 23 conducts two-way communication with the power supply device 10, so as to determine charging voltage which is output by the power supply device in the second charging mode and used for charging the device to be charged.
Optionally, in some implementations, the communication circuit 23 conducts two-way communication with the power supply device 10, so as to determine charging voltage which is output by the power supply device in the second charging mode and used for charging the device to be charged as follows. The communication circuit 23 receives a second instruction from the power supply device 10, the second instruction is for enquiring whether the charging voltage output by the power supply device 10 matches present total voltage of the battery 30 of the device to be charged; the communication circuit 23 sends a reply instruction of the second instruction to the power supply 10, the reply instruction of the second instruction is for indicating that the voltage output by the power supply device 10 matches the present total voltage of the battery 30 or does not match, that is, is at higher voltage levels, or is at lower voltage levels. Optionally, the second instruction can be for enquiring whether it is suitable to use present output-voltage of the power supply device 10 as the charging voltage, which is output by the power supply device 10 in the second charging mode and used for charging the device to be charged. The reply instruction of the second instruction is for indicating whether the present output-voltage of the power supply device 10 is suitable or unsuitable, that is, at higher voltage levels or at lower voltage levels. The present output-voltage of the power supply device 10 matching the present total voltage of the battery 30, or the present output-voltage of the power supply device 10 being suitable to be used as the charging voltage which is output by the power supply device 10 in the second charging mode and used for charging the device to be charged can be understood as follows. The present output-voltage of the power supply device 10 is slightly higher than the present total voltage of the battery, and the difference between the output-voltage of the power supply device 10 and the present total voltage of the battery is within a preset range (usually at a level of several hundred millivolts (mV)).
Optionally, in some implementations, the communication circuit 23 can conduct two-way communication with the power supply device 10, so as to control output of the power supply device 10 in the second charging mode as follows. The communication circuit 23 conducts two-way communication with the power supply device 10, so as to determine charging current which is output by the power supply device 10 in the second charging mode and used for charging the device to be charged.
Optionally, in some implementations, the communication circuit 23 can conduct two-way communication with the power supply device 10 to determine charging current which is output by the power supply device 10 in the second charging mode and used for charging the device to be charged as follows. The communication circuit 23 receives a third instruction sent by the power supply device 10, the third instruction is for enquiring a maximum charging current the device to be charged supports; the communication circuit 23 sends a reply instruction of the third instruction to the power supply device 10, the reply instruction of the third instruction is for indicating the maximum charging current the device to be charged supports, so that the power supply device 10 can determine the charging current which is output by the power supply device 10 in the second charging mode and used for charging the device to be charged, according to the maximum charging current the device to be charged supports. It should be understood that, the communication circuit 23 determining the charging current which is output by the power supply device 10 in the second charging mode and used for charging the device to be charged according to the maximum charging current the device to be charged supports can be implemented in various manners. For example, the power supply device 10 can determine the maximum charging current the device to be charged supports as the charging current which is output by the power supply device 10 in the second charging mode and used for charging the device to be charged, or comprehensively take into account the maximum charging current the device to be charged supports and other factors such as current output capability of the power supply device 10 itself to determine the charging current which is output by the power supply device 10 in the second charging mode and used for charging the device to be charged.
Optionally, in some implementations, the communication circuit 23 conducts two-way communication with the power supply device 10 to control output of the power supply device 10 in the second charging mode as follows. The communication circuit 23 conducts two-way communication with the power supply device 10 to adjust output-current of the power supply device 10 in the second charging mode.
Specifically, the communication circuit 23 conducts two-way communication with the power supply device 10 to adjust the output-current of the power supply device 10 as follows. The communication circuit 23 receives a fourth instruction from the power supply device 10, the fourth instruction is for enquiring present total voltage of the battery; the communication circuit 23 sends a reply instruction of the fourth instruction to the power supply device 10, the reply instruction of the fourth instruction is for indicating the present total voltage of the battery, so that the power supply device 10 can adjust the output-current of the power supply device 10 according to the present total voltage of the battery.
Optionally, in some implementations, the communication circuit 23 conducts two-way communication with the power supply device 10, so as to control output of the power supply device 10 in the second charging mode as follows. The communication circuit 23 conducts two-way communication with the power supply device 10 to determine whether there is contact failure in a charging interface.
Specifically, the communication circuit 23 can conduct two-way communication with the power supply device 10 to determine whether there is contact failure in the charging interface as follows. The communication circuit 23 receives a fourth instruction sent by the power supply device 10, the fourth instruction is for enquiring present voltage of the battery of the device to be charged; the communication circuit 23 sends a reply instruction of the fourth instruction to the power supply device 10, the reply instruction of the fourth instruction is for indicating the present voltage of the battery of the device to be charged, so that the power supply device 10 can determine whether there is contact failure in the charging interface according to output voltage of the power supply 10 and the present voltage of the battery of the device to be charged. For instance, in case that the power supply device 10 determines that difference between the output voltage of the power supply 10 and the present voltage of the battery of the device to be charged is greater than a preset voltage threshold value, it indicates that impedance, which is obtained by the difference (that is, the difference between the output voltage of the power supply 10 and the present voltage of the battery of the device to be charged) divided by output-current of the power supply device 10, is greater than a preset impedance threshold value, it can be determined that there is contact failure in the charging interface.
Optionally, in some implementations, contact failure in the charging interface can be determined by the device to be charged. For example, the communication circuit 23 sends a sixth instruction to the power supply device 10, the sixth instruction is for enquiring output-voltage of the power supply device 10; the communication circuit 23 receives a reply instruction of the sixth instruction from the power supply device 10, the reply instruction of the sixth instruction is for indicating the output-voltage of the power supply device 10, the communication circuit 23 determines whether there is contact failure in the charging interface according to present voltage of the battery and the output-voltage of the power supply 10. When the communication circuit 23 determines that there is contact failure in the charging interface, the communication circuit 23 can send a fifth instruction to the power supply device 10, the fifth instruction is for indicating contact failure in the charging interface. After receiving the fifth instruction, the power supply device 10 can exit the second charging mode.
The following will describe in detail a communication process between the power supply device 10 and the device to be charged 40 (the communication circuit 23 of the device to be charged 40, to be specific) in conjunction with
As illustrated in
Stage 1:
After the device to be charged 40 is coupled with the power supply device 10, the device to be charged 40 can detect the type of the power supply device 10 though data line D+ and data line D−. When the power supply device 10 is detected to be a power supply device specially configured to charge such as an adaptor, current absorbed by the device to be charged 40 can be higher than a preset current threshold value I2 (can be 1 A, for example). When the power supply device 10 detects that output-current of the power supply device 10 is larger than or equal to I2 within a preset duration (can be a continuous time period T1, for example), the power supply device 10 can consider that identification of the type of the power supply device by the device to be charged 40 is completed. Next, the power supply device 10 begins a negotiation process with the device to be charged 40 and send Instruction 1 (corresponding to the first instruction mentioned above), so as to enquire whether the device to be charged 40 agrees to be charged by the power supply device 10 in the second charging mode.
When the power supply device 10 receives a reply instruction of Instruction 1 and the reply instruction of Instruction 1 indicates that the device to be charged 40 disagrees to be charged by the power supply device 10 in the second charging mode, the power supply device 10 detects once again the output-current of the power supply device 10. When the output-current of the power supply device 10 is still larger than or equal to I2 within a preset continuous duration (can be a continuous time period T1), the power supply device 10 sends once again Instruction 1 to enquire whether the device to be charged 40 agrees to be charged by the power supply device 10 in the second charging mode. The power supply device 10 repeats the above operations at Stage 1 until the device to be charged 40 agrees to be charged by the power supply device 10 in the second charging mode, or the output-current of the power supply device 10 is no longer larger than or equal to I2.
When the device to be charged 40 agrees to be charged by the power supply device 10 in the second charging mode, the communication procedure proceeds to Stage 2.
Stage 2:
The output voltage of the power supply device 10 can include multiple grades. The power supply device 10 sends Instruction 2 (corresponding to the second instruction mentioned above) to enquire whether the output voltage of the power supply device 10 (present output-voltage) matches present voltage of the battery 30 of the device to be charged 40.
The device to be charged 40 sends a reply instruction of Instruction 2 to indicate whether the output voltage of the power supply device 10 matches the present voltage of the battery 30 of the device to be charged 40 or does not match, that is, is at higher levels, or is at lower levels. When the reply instruction of Instruction 2 indicates that the output voltage of the power supply device 10 is at higher levels or is at lower levels, the power supply device 10 can adjust the output voltage of the power supply device 10 by one grade and send once again Instruction 2 to the device to be charged 40 to enquire whether the output voltage of the power supply device 10 matches the present voltage of the battery. Repeat the above operations until the device to be charged 40 determines that the output voltage of the power supply device 10 matches the present voltage of the battery 30 of the device to be charged 40. and proceed to Stage 3.
Stage 3:
The power supply device 10 sends Instruction 3 (corresponding to the third instruction mentioned above) to enquire a maximum charging current the device to be charged 40 supports. The device to be charged 40 sends a reply instruction of Instruction 3 to indicate the maximum charging current the device to be charged 40 supports. Proceed to Stage 4.
Stage 4:
The power supply device 10 determines, according to the maximum charging current the device to be charged 40 supports, the charging current which is output by the power supply device 10 in the second charging mode and used for charging the device to be charged 40. Proceed to Stage 5, the constant-current charging stage.
Stage 5:
After proceeding to the constant-current charging stage, the power supply device 10 can send Instruction 4 (corresponding to the fourth instruction mentioned above) to the device to be charged 40 at certain time intervals, so as to enquire present voltage of the battery 30 of the device to be charged 40. The device to be charged 40 can send a reply instruction of Instruction 4 to feed back the present voltage of the battery. The power supply device 10 can determine whether the charging interface is in a good contact and whether it is necessary to reduce the output current of the power supply device 10, according to the present voltage of the battery. When the power supply device 10 determines that there is contact failure in the charging interface, the power supply device 10 can send Instruction 5 (corresponding to the fifth instruction mentioned above), thereby exiting the second charging mode and being reset to return to Stage 1.
Optionally, in some implementations, at Stage 1, when the device to be charged 40 sends the reply instruction of Instruction 1, the reply instruction of Instruction 1 can carry path impedance data (or information) of the device to be charged 40. The path impedance data of the device to be charged 40 can be used for determining whether the charging interface is in a good contact at Stage 5.
Optionally, in some implementations, at Stage 2, duration from when the device to be charged 40 agrees to be charged by the power supply device 10 in the second charging mode to when the power supply device 10 adjusts the output voltage thereof to a suitable charging voltage can be controlled within a certain range. When the duration is beyond the certain range, the power supply device 10 or the device to be charged 40 can determine that the communication process is abnormal, being reset to return to Stage 1.
Optionally, in some implementations, at Stage 2, when the output voltage of the power supply device 10 is higher than the present voltage of the battery of the device to be charged 40 by ΔV(ΔV can be set between 200 mV and 500 mV), the device to be charged 40 can send the reply instruction of Instruction 2 to indicate that the output voltage of the power supply device 10 matches the voltage of the battery of the device to be charged 40.
Optionally, in some implementations, at Stage 4, adjusting speed of the output current of the power supply device 10 can be controlled within a certain range, so as to avoid abnormality of the charging process resulting from excessively high adjusting speed.
Optionally, in some implementations, at Stage 5, change magnitude of the output current of the power supply device 10 can be controlled within 5%.
Optionally, in some implementations, at Stage 5, the power supply device 10 can detect in real time impedance of charging path. Specifically, the power supply device 10 can detect the impedance of charging path according to the output voltage and the output current of the power supply device 10 and the present voltage of the battery fed back by the device to be charged 40. When the impedance of charging path is higher than the impedance of path of the device to be charged 40 plus impedance of a charging cable, it indicates that there is contact failure in the charging interface, and thus the power supply device 10 stops charging the device to be charged 40 in the second charging mode.
Optionally, in some implementations, after the power supply device 10 enables the second charging mode to charge the device to be charged 40, time intervals of communication between the power supply device 10 and the device to be charged 40 can be controlled within a certain range, to avoid abnormality of communication resulting from excessively short time intervals of communication.
Optionally, in some implementations, stopping of the charging process (or stopping of the power supply device 10 charging the device to be charged 40 in the second charging mode) can include a recoverable stopping and a non-recoverable stopping.
For example, when it is detected that the battery of the device to be charged 40 is fully charged or there is contact failure in the charging interface, the charging process stops, a charging communication process is reset, and the charging process enters again Stage 1. Then, when the device to be charged 40 disagrees to be charged by the power supply device 10 in the second charging mode, the communication procedure will not proceed to Stage 2. The stopping of the charging process in this case can be considered as the non-recoverable stopping.
For another example, when there is abnormality of the communication between the power supply device 10 and the device to be charged 40, the charging process stops, the charging communication process is reset, and the charging process enters again Stage 1. After requirements on Stage 1 are satisfied, the device to be charged 40 agrees to be charged by the power supply device 10 in the second charging mode, so as to recover the charging process. The stopping of the charging process in this case can be considered as the recoverable stopping.
For yet another example, when the device to be charged 40 detects abnormality of the battery, the charging process stops and is reset to enter again Stage 1. Then, the device to be charged 40 disagrees to be charged by the power supply device 10 in the second charging mode. After the battery returns to normal and the requirements on Stage 1 are satisfied, the device to be charged 40 agrees to be charged by the power supply device in the second charging mode. The stopping of the quick charging process in this case can be considered as the recoverable stopping.
The above communication steps or operations of
For another instance, after Stage 5, the communication procedure can further include the constant-voltage charging stage. Specifically, at Stage 5, the device to be charged 40 can feed back the present voltage of the battery to the power supply device 10. When the present voltage of the battery reaches a threshold value of charging voltage in the constant-voltage charging stage, the charging stage turns to the constant-voltage charging stage from the constant-current charging stage. In the constant-voltage charging stage, the charging current gradually decreases. When the charging current decreases to a certain threshold value, it indicates that the battery of the device to be charged 40 is fully charged, and thus the whole charging process is stopped.
Apparatus implementations of the disclosure are described in detail above in conjunction with
The battery management method includes operations at blocks 1410 to 1420. The following will describe the method in detail.
At block 1410, when the power supply device charges the battery through the first charging channel, the communication circuit communicates with the power supply device to make magnitude of the charging voltage and/or charging current received from the power supply device match a present charging stage of the battery.
At block 1420, when the voltage of the first cell and the voltage of the second cell are unbalanced, the control circuit controls the switch circuit to make the first cell and the second cell alternately form a closed loop with the RLC series circuit to provide input voltage for the RLC series circuit.
Optionally, in some implementations, the control circuit controls the switch circuit to make frequency of input voltage of the RLC series circuit be equal to resonant frequency of the RLC series circuit.
Optionally, in some implementations, the switch circuit includes a first switch transistor, a second switch transistor, a third switch transistor, and a fourth switch transistor. The first switch transistor has a first connected end coupled with a positive electrode of the first cell and a second connected end coupled with a first connected end of the second switch transistor. The second switch transistor has a second connected end coupled with a first connected end of the third switch transistor and a negative electrode of the first cell. The third switch transistor has a second connected end coupled with a first connected end of the fourth switch transistor. The fourth switch transistor has a second connected end coupled with a negative electrode of the second cell. The second cell has a positive electrode coupled with a negative electrode of the first cell. The first switch transistor, the second switch transistor, the third switch transistor, and the fourth switch transistor each has a control end coupled with the control circuit. Components of the RLC series circuit are coupled in series between the second connected end of the first switch transistor and the second connected end of the third switch transistor.
Optionally, in some implementations, the switch circuit includes a first switch transistor, a second switch transistor, a third switch transistor, and a fourth switch transistor. The first switch transistor has a first connected end coupled with a positive electrode of the first cell and a second connected end coupled with a first connected end of the second switch transistor. The second switch transistor has a second connected end coupled with a first connected end of the third switch transistor. The third switch transistor having a second connected end coupled with a first connected end of the fourth switch transistor. The fourth switch transistor having a second connected end coupled with a negative electrode of the second cell. The second cell having a positive electrode coupled with a negative electrode of the first cell. The first switch transistor, the second switch transistor, the third switch transistor, and the fourth switch transistor each has a control end coupled with the control circuit. At least part of components of the RLC series circuit are coupled in series between the second connected end of the second switch transistor and the negative electrode of the first cell. Components of the RLC series circuit, other than the at least part of components of the RLC series circuit (that is, those coupled in series between the second connected end of the second switch transistor and the negative electrode of the first cell) are coupled in series between the second connected end of the first switch transistor and the second connected end of the third switch transistor.
Optionally, in some implementations, when the voltage of the first cell and the voltage of the second cell are unbalanced, operations at block 1420 can include the following. When the voltage of the first cell and the voltage of the second cell are unbalanced and the voltage of the first cell is higher than the voltage of the second cell, control the first switch transistor and the third switch transistor to an on-state from time t0 to time t1 and control the second switch transistor and the fourth switch transistor to an off-state from time t0 to time t1, where time t0 represents a start time of a work period of the control circuit; control the first switch transistor, the second switch transistor, the third switch transistor, and the fourth switch transistor to the off-state from time t1 to time t2, where a time period from time t1 to time t2 represents a preset first dead time; control the second switch transistor and the fourth switch transistor to the on-state from time t2 to time t3 and control the first switch transistor and the third switch transistor to the off-state from time t2 to time t3; control the first switch transistor, the second switch transistor, the third switch transistor, and the fourth switch transistor to the off-state from time t3 to time t4, where t4 represents an end time of the work period and a time period from time t3 to time t4 represents a preset second dead time.
Optionally, in some implementations, working frequency of the control circuit is equal to the resonant frequency of the RLC series circuit.
Optionally, in some implementations, when the voltage of the first cell and the voltage of the second cell are unbalanced, operations at block 1420 can include the following. When the voltage of the first cell and the voltage of the second cell are unbalanced and the voltage of the second cell is higher than the voltage of the first cell, control the second switch transistor and the fourth switch transistor to an on-state from time t0 to time t1 and control the first switch transistor and the third switch transistor to an off-state from time t0 to time t1, where time t0 represents a start time of a work period of the control circuit; control the first switch transistor, the second switch transistor, the third switch transistor, and the fourth switch transistor to the off-state from time t1 to time t2, where a time period from time t1 to time t2 represents a preset first dead time; control the first switch transistor and the third switch transistor to the on-state from time t2 to time t3 and control the second switch transistor and the fourth switch transistor to the off-state from time t2 to time t3; control the first switch transistor, the second switch transistor, the third switch transistor, and the fourth switch transistor to the off-state from time t3 to time t4, where time t4 represents an end time of the work period, and a time period from time t3 to time t4 represents a second dead time.
Optionally, in some implementations, working frequency of the control circuit is equal to the resonant frequency of the RLC series circuit.
Optionally, in some implementations, the battery management circuit further includes a second charging channel provided with a boost circuit, the boost circuit is configured to receive initial voltage from the power supply device and increase the initial voltage to a target voltage to charge the battery according to the target voltage, when the power supply device charges the battery through the second charging channel. The initial voltage is lower than total voltage of the battery and the target voltage is higher than the total voltage of the battery.
The above example illustrates the balancing circuit 22, as a part of the battery management circuit 20, providing a balancing method to balance the voltage of the first cell 31a and the voltage of the second cell 31b, where the first cell 31a and the second cell 31b are coupled in series and managed by the battery management circuit 20. However, implementations of the disclosure are not limited to the above example. Practically, the balancing circuit 22 can be applied to any situation where voltage between cells needs to be balanced.
Those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that units (including sub-units) and algorithmic operations of various examples described in connection with implementations herein can be implemented by electronic hardware or by a combination of computer software and electronic hardware. Whether these functions are performed by means of hardware or software depends on the application and the design constraints of the associated technical solution. A professional technician may use different methods with regard to each particular application to implement the described functionality, but such methods should not be regarded as lying beyond the scope of the disclosure.
It will be evident to those skilled in the art that the corresponding processes of the above method implementations can be referred to for the working processes of the foregoing systems, apparatuses, and units, for purposes of convenience and simplicity and will not be repeated herein.
It will be appreciated that the systems, apparatuses, and methods disclosed in implementations herein may also be implemented in various other manners. For example, the above apparatus implementations are merely illustrative, e.g., the division of units (including sub-units) is only a division of logical functions, and there may exist other ways of division in practice, e.g., multiple units (including sub-units) or components may be combined or may be integrated into another system, or some features may be ignored or not included. In other respects, the coupling or direct coupling or communication connection as illustrated or discussed may be an indirect coupling or communication connection through some interface, device or unit, and may be electrical, mechanical, or otherwise.
Separated units (including sub-units) as illustrated may or may not be physically separated. Components or parts displayed as units (including sub-units) may or may not be physical units, and may reside at one location or may be distributed to multiple networked units. Some or all of the units (including sub-units) may be selectively adopted according to practical needs to achieve desired objectives of the disclosure.
Additionally, various functional units (including sub-units) described in implementations herein may be integrated into one processing unit or may be present as a number of physically separated units, and two or more units may be integrated into one.
If the integrated units are implemented as software functional units and sold or used as standalone products, they may be stored in a computer readable storage medium. Based on such an understanding, the essential technical solution, or the portion that contributes to the prior art, or all or part of the technical solution of the disclosure may be embodied as software products. Computer software products can be stored in a storage medium and may include multiple instructions that, when executed, can cause a computing device, e.g., a personal computer, a server, a second adapter, a network device, etc., to execute some or all operations of the methods as described in the various implementations. The above storage medium may include various kinds of media that can store program code, such as a USB flash disk, a mobile hard drive, a read-only memory (ROM), a random access memory (RAM), a magnetic disk, or an optical disk.
Claims
1. A battery management circuit, comprising:
- a first charging channel, a balancing circuit, and a communication circuit, wherein at least one of charging voltage and charging current is received from a power supply device and applied directly to a battery for charging through the first charging channel, the battery comprising a first cell and a second cell coupled in series; the communication circuit is configured to communicate with the power supply device to make magnitude of at least one of the charging voltage and the charging current received from the power supply device match a present charging stage of the battery, when the power supply device charges the battery through the first charging channel; the balancing circuit is coupled with the first cell and the second cell and configured to balance a voltage of the first cell and a voltage of the second cell; the balancing circuit comprises an RLC series circuit, a switch circuit, and a control circuit; the switch circuit has one end coupled with the first cell and the second cell and another end coupled with the RLC series circuit, and the switch circuit having a control end coupled with the control circuit; and the control circuit is configured to control the switch circuit to make the first cell and the second cell alternately form a closed loop with the RLC series circuit to provide input voltage for the RLC series circuit, when the voltage of the first cell and the voltage of the second cell are unbalanced.
2. The battery management circuit of claim 1, wherein the control circuit is further configured to control the switch circuit to make frequency of input voltage of the RLC series circuit be equal to resonant frequency of the RLC series circuit.
3. The battery management circuit of claim 1, wherein the switch circuit comprises a first switch transistor, a second switch transistor, a third switch transistor, and a fourth switch transistor, the first switch transistor having a first connected end coupled with a positive electrode of the first cell and a second connected end coupled with a first connected end of the second switch transistor, the second switch transistor having a second connected end coupled with a first connected end of the third switch transistor, the third switch transistor having a second connected end coupled with a first connected end of the fourth switch transistor, the fourth switch transistor having a second connected end coupled with a negative electrode of the second cell, the second cell having a positive electrode coupled with a negative electrode of the first cell, and the first switch transistor, the second switch transistor, the third switch transistor, and the fourth switch transistor each having a control end coupled with the control circuit.
4. The battery management circuit of claim 3, wherein the second connected end of the second switch transistor is further coupled with the negative electrode of the first cell, and components of the RLC series circuit is coupled in series between the second connected end of the first switch transistor and the second connected end of the third switch transistor.
5. The battery management circuit of claim 3, wherein at least part of components of the RLC series circuit are coupled in series between the second connected end of the second switch transistor and the negative electrode of the first cell, and components of the RLC series circuit, other than those coupled in series between the second connected end of the second switch transistor and the negative electrode of the first cell, are coupled in series between the second connected end of the first switch transistor and the second connected end of the third switch transistor.
6. The battery management circuit of claim 3, wherein the voltage of the first cell and the voltage of the second cell are unbalanced and the voltage of the first cell is higher than the voltage of the second cell, and the control circuit is further configured to:
- control the first switch transistor and the third switch transistor to an on-state from time t0 to time t1 and control the second switch transistor and the fourth switch transistor to an off-state from time t0 to time t1, time t0 representing a start time of a work period of the control circuit;
- control the first switch transistor, the second switch transistor, the third switch transistor, and the fourth switch transistor to the off-state from time t1 to time t2, and a time period from time t1 to time t2 representing a preset first dead time;
- control the second switch transistor and the fourth switch transistor to the on-state from time t2 to time t3 and control the first switch transistor and the third switch transistor to the off-state from time t2 to time t3; and
- control the first switch transistor, the second switch transistor, the third switch transistor, and the fourth switch transistor to the off-state from time t3 to time t4, time t4 representing an end time of the work period, and a time period from time t3 to time t4 representing a preset second dead time.
7. The battery management circuit of claim 3, wherein the voltage of the first cell and the voltage of the second cell are unbalanced and the voltage of the second cell is higher than the voltage of the first cell, and the control circuit is further configured to:
- control the second switch transistor and the fourth switch transistor to an on-state from time t0 to time t1 and control the first switch transistor and the third switch transistor to an off-state from time t0 to time t1, time t0 representing a start time of a work period of the control circuit;
- control the first switch transistor, the second switch transistor, the third switch transistor, and the fourth switch transistor to the off-state from time t1 to time t2, a time period from time t1 to time t2 representing a preset first dead time;
- control the first switch transistor and the third switch transistor to the on-state from time the t2 to time t3 and control the second switch transistor and the fourth switch transistor to the off-state from time t2 to time t3; and
- control the first switch transistor, the second switch transistor, the third switch transistor, and the fourth switch transistor in the off-state from time t3 to time t4, time t4 representing an end time of the work period, and a time period from time t3 to time t4 representing a second dead time.
8. The battery management circuit of claim 1, further comprising a second charging channel provided with a boost circuit, wherein the boost circuit is configured to receive initial voltage from the power supply device and increase the initial voltage to a target voltage to charge the battery according to the target voltage, when the power supply device charges the battery through the second charging channel, wherein the initial voltage is lower than total voltage of the battery and the target voltage is higher than the total voltage of the battery.
9. A device to be charged, comprising:
- a battery, comprising a first cell and a second cell coupled in series;
- a first charging channel, through which at least one of charging voltage and charging current are received from a power supply device and applied directly to the battery for charging;
- a communication circuit, being configured to communicate with the power supply device to make magnitude of at least one of the charging voltage and the charging current received from the power supply device match a present charging stage of the battery, when the power supply device charges the battery through the first charging channel; and
- a balancing circuit, coupled with the first cell and the second cell and configured to balance a voltage of the first cell and a voltage of the second cell, the balancing circuit comprising an RLC series circuit, a switch circuit, and a control circuit, the switch circuit having one end coupled with the first cell and the second cell and another end coupled with the RLC series circuit, and the switch circuit having a control end coupled with the control circuit; and the control circuit being configured to control the switch circuit to make the first cell and the second cell alternately form a closed loop with the RLC series circuit to provide input voltage for the RLC series circuit, when the voltage of the first cell and the voltage of the second cell are unbalanced.
10. The device of claim 9, wherein the control circuit is further configured to control the switch circuit to make frequency of input voltage of the RLC series circuit be equal to resonant frequency of the RLC series circuit.
11. The device of claim 9, wherein the switch circuit comprises a first switch transistor, a second switch transistor, a third switch transistor, and a fourth switch transistor, the first switch transistor having a first connected end coupled with a positive electrode of the first cell and a second connected end coupled with a first connected end of the second switch transistor, the second switch transistor having a second connected end coupled with a first connected end of the third switch transistor, the third switch transistor having a second connected end coupled with a first connected end of the fourth switch transistor, the fourth switch transistor having a second connected end coupled with a negative electrode of the second cell; the second cell comprises a positive electrode coupled with a negative electrode of the first cell, and the first switch transistor, the second switch transistor, the third switch transistor, and the fourth switch transistor each having a control end coupled with the control circuit.
12. The device of claim 11, wherein the second connected end of the second switch transistor is further coupled with the negative electrode of the first cell, and components of the RLC series circuit are coupled in series between the second connected end of the first switch transistor and the second connected end of the third switch transistor.
13. The device of claim 11, wherein at least part of components of the RLC series circuit are coupled in series between the second connected end of the second switch transistor and the negative electrode of the first cell, and components of the RLC series circuit, other than those coupled in series between the second connected end of the second switch transistor and the negative electrode of the first cell, are coupled in series between the second connected end of the first switch transistor and the second connected end of the third switch transistor.
14. The device of claim 11, wherein the voltage of the first cell and the voltage of the second cell are unbalanced and the voltage of the first cell is higher than the voltage of the second cell, and the control circuit is further configured to:
- control the first switch transistor and the third switch transistor to an on-state from time t0 to time t1 and control the second switch transistor and the fourth switch transistor to an off-state from time t0 to time t1, time t0 representing a start time of a work period of the control circuit;
- control the first switch transistor, the second switch transistor, the third switch transistor, and the fourth switch transistor to the off-state from time t1 to time t2, and a time period from time t1 to time t2 representing a preset first dead time;
- control the second switch transistor and the fourth switch transistor to the on-state from time t2 to time t3 and control the first switch transistor and the third switch transistor to the off-state from time t2 to time t3; and
- control the first switch transistor, the second switch transistor, the third switch transistor, and the fourth switch transistor to the off-state from time t3 to time t4, time t4 representing an end time of the work period, and a time period from time t3 to time t4 representing a preset second dead time.
15. The device of claim 11, wherein the voltage of the first cell and the voltage of the second cell are unbalanced and the voltage of the second cell is higher than the voltage of the first cell, and the control circuit is further configured to:
- control the second switch transistor and the fourth switch transistor to an on-state from time t0 to time t1 and control the first switch transistor and the third switch transistor to an off-state from time t0 to time t1, time t0 representing a start time of a work period of the control circuit;
- control the first switch transistor, the second switch transistor, the third switch transistor, and the fourth switch transistor to the off-state from time t1 to time t2, a time period from time t1 to time t2 representing a preset first dead time;
- control the first switch transistor and the third switch transistor to the on-state from time the t2 to time t3 and control the second switch transistor and the fourth switch transistor to the off-state from time t2 to time t3; and
- control the first switch transistor, the second switch transistor, the third switch transistor, and the fourth switch transistor in the off-state from time t3 to time t4, time t4 representing an end time of the work period, and a time period from time t3 to time t4 representing a second dead time.
16. A balancing circuit, comprising:
- an RLC series circuit, a switch circuit, and a control circuit, wherein the switch circuit has one end coupled with a first cell and a second cell and another end coupled with the RLC series circuit, and the switch circuit has a control end coupled with the control circuit; and the control circuit is configured to control the switch circuit to make the first cell and the second cell alternately form a closed loop with the RLC series circuit to provide input voltage for the RLC series circuit, when a voltage of the first cell and a voltage of the second cell are unbalanced.
17. The balancing circuit of claim 16, wherein the control circuit is further configured to control the switch circuit to make frequency of input voltage of the RLC series circuit be equal to resonant frequency of the RLC series circuit.
18. The balancing circuit of claim 16, wherein the switch circuit comprises a first switch transistor, a second switch transistor, a third switch transistor, and a fourth switch transistor, the first switch transistor having a first connected end coupled with a positive electrode of the first cell and a second connected end coupled with a first connected end of the second switch transistor, the second switch transistor having a second connected end coupled with a first connected end of the third switch transistor, the third switch transistor having a second connected end coupled with a first connected end of the fourth switch transistor, the fourth switch transistor having a second connected end coupled with a negative electrode of the second cell, the second cell having a positive electrode coupled with a negative electrode of the first cell, and the first switch transistor, the second switch transistor, the third switch transistor, and the fourth switch transistor each having a control end coupled with the control circuit.
19. The balancing circuit of claim 18, wherein the second connected end of the second switch transistor is further coupled with the negative electrode of the first cell, and components of the RLC series circuit are coupled in series between the second connected end of the first switch transistor and the second connected end of the third switch transistor.
20. The balancing circuit of claim 18, wherein at least part of components of the RLC series circuit are coupled in series between the second connected end of the second switch transistor and the negative electrode of the first cell, and components of the RLC series circuit, other than those coupled in series between the second connected end of the second switch transistor and the negative electrode of the first cell, are coupled in series between the second connected end of the first switch transistor and the second connected end of the third switch transistor.
Type: Application
Filed: Dec 4, 2018
Publication Date: Apr 18, 2019
Inventors: Shebiao Chen (Dongguan), Jialiang Zhang (Dongguan)
Application Number: 16/209,946
