PHOTOVOLTAIC SOLAR PANEL FOR ATTACHMENT TO A ROOF TILE AND METHOD OF MANUFACTURE THEREOF
A photovoltaic solar panel for attachment to a roof tile can include a printed circuit board, a plurality of photovoltaic solar cells each electrically connected to the printed circuit board, and a front sheet comprising a layer of plastic. The printed circuit board, the photovoltaic solar cells, and the layer of plastic can be at least part of a laminated structure attachable to the roof tile. The layer of plastic can be a layer of transparent, UV-resistant plastic. The layer of plastic can be a layer of ethylene tetrafluoroethylene. A method of manufacture of a photovoltaic solar panel for attachment to a roof tile can include forming a laminated structure by laminating one or more sheets that include a printed circuit board, a plurality of photovoltaic solar cells, and a front sheet. The front sheet can include a layer of plastic that can include ethylene tetrafluoroethylene.
The present invention relates to a photovoltaic solar panel.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTIONPhotovoltaic solar panels are known which absorb solar and ultra violet rays, transforming them into electrical energy.
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The back sheet portion 401, of the photovoltaic solar panel 400 comprises two surfaces 406, 407, wherein the first surface 406 may be attached to the surface of a roof tile. The second surface of the back sheet portion 407 is adjacent to a first surface 408 of encapsulation layer 402; and a second surface 409 of first encapsulation layer 402 is in adjacent contact with the photovoltaic cell 404. The photovoltaic cell is also in adjacent contact with a first surface 410 of second encapsulation layer 403; and a second surface 411 of second encapsulation layer 403 is in adjacent contact with a first surface 412 of the front sheet 405.
The term “adjacent contact with” does not necessarily mean that the second surface of the encapsulation layer is in contact with a surface of the photovoltaic cell. A layer of encapsulation material may be used between the photovoltaic cell and the back sheet 401 and/or the front sheet 405
Polyethylene terephthalate PET is a known encapsulation material, which Is used in solar panels to bond front and back sheets of the panel together by the process of lamination.
Lamination of solar cells with polyethylene-vinyl acetate films is conducted at about 150° C., and permits molten polyethylene-vinyl acetate to flow into voids in a solar panels to encapsulate the solar cell.
The current lifespan of PET solar panels is in the region of 5 to 10 years.
Known photovoltaic panels do not integrate well into the architecture of older, traditional buildings.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTIONIt is an object of the current invention to increase the efficiency and lifespan of current solar panels whilst providing a photovoltaic solar panel which can be easily integrated into various architectural surroundings.
According to a first aspect of the present invention, there Is provided a photovoltaic solar panel for attachment to a roof tile configured with a through aperture, the panel comprising:
a rigid back plate;
a support sheet comprising at least one photovoltaic solar cell;
a negative and a positive connection extending from the or each solar cell through a sealed aperture of the back plate and accessible at the rear of the panel;
a diode connected to the positive connection;
an ultra-violet resistant front sheet for covering a front face of the or each solar cell;
wherein the back plate, support sheet and front sheet form a sealed laminated structure.
Other aspects of are as recited in the claims herein.
For a better understanding of the invention and to show how the same may be carried into effect, there will now be described by way of example only, specific embodiments, methods and processes according to the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
There will now be described by way of example a specific mode contemplated by the inventors. In the following description numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding. It will be apparent however, to one skilled in the art, that the present Invention may be practiced without limitation to these specific details. In other instances, well known methods and structures have not been described in detail so as not to unnecessarily obscure the description.
There is disclosed herein a novel photovoltaic solar panel designed to be attached to the front face of proprietary concrete, clay, metal or plastic roof tile. The solar panel is capable of generating electricity and thus providing a solar tile. The solar tile may be fitted directly to a roof to form a flat roof surface. The apparatus is designed to fit to new and replacement roofs.
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The roof tile comprises a roof tile 500, which can be a cement, plastics or metal roof tile. The solar panel comprises a silicone based adhesive sealant layer 501; a fiber glass back plate 502; a sheet 503 comprising a one or a plurality of monocrystalline or polycrystalline solar cells each comprising one or more solar wafers; and an ultra-violet transparent plastics cover sheet 504.
The one or more solar cells are sandwiched between the clear cover sheet 504, on the side of the wafer which is exposed to sun light, and the fiber glass back plate 502 at the rear side, which is adjacent the roof tile 500. The silicone based adhesive sealant layer 501 sticks a rear surface of the fiber glass back plate 502 to a front surface of the roof tile 500. The fibre glass back sheet gives rigidity and support to the sheet 503 which contains the solar cells.
The solar panel further comprises electrical connections which are accessible at the rear of the roof tile, for connecting the solar panel to an electrical circuit. The electrical connections comprise a negative connector 505; a positive connector 508; a silicone based seal 507, which fits into an aperture in the roof tile 500 and surrounds a pair of positive and negative conductors 508, 509 respectively such that the connectors are spaced apart, and protected from the weather and moisture; each electrical conductor 508, 509 comprising a copper wire surrounded with an insulating plastic sheath; a diode 510 connected to a positive output of the solar cells 503 and to positive conductor 509; and first and second aluminum strips 511, 512 which respectively form electrical connectors to the solar cells of the sheet 503, the aluminum strips each being covered with a respective strip of Insulating electrical tape, the first strip 511 being connected to the positive conductor 509 via diode 510, and the second aluminum strip 512 being connected to the negative conductor 508.
The clear or transparent plastics cover sheet 504, the solar wafer sheet 503, along with first and second aluminum strip conductors 511, 512, and the fiber glass back plate 502 form a sealed laminated unit, which is sealed against the ingress of moisture.
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In the example shown, a Monocrystalline P type boron doped silicone sheet has dimensions 156 mm height by 156 mm width. The Monocrystalline silicon wafer is grown by the CZ method. Electrical characteristics of the solar sheet are as follows:
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A solar array 709 is provided and consists of a plurality of monocrystalline solar wafers 710 which are connected together in a bank of two rows.
The junction box is rated at 1000 dcV.
Each solar wafer 710 is situated on a layer of ethylene-vinyl acetate 711, which covers the surface of the printed circuit board 704.
Soldered aluminum strips 712 connect Individual solar cells 710; the ends of said strips are folded over the top of the cells 710 to attach them to the circuit board 704.
The aluminum strips are covered by a strip of electrical tape and a sheet of ethylene-vinyl acetate 713. A layer of ethylene tetrafluoroethylene 714 covers the ethylene-vinyl acetate 713.
The total layered array is bound via lamination at a temperature range of 150° C. to 200° C. a vacuum pressure of 2 to 4 atmospheres for a period of 10 to 15 minutes.
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An array of individual solar roof panels 1800 are arranged in rows and columns on a roof. Each individual solar panel has a positive conductor and a negative conductor as shown in
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Conventional roof tile dimensions from different manufacturers vary. The height and width of the solar panel embodiments disclosed herein may be selected to match the size of roof tile. A minimum length and width of each panel is calculated to produce a minimum of 10 Watts each at peak sunlight, and is dependent on the available area of the roof tile. Most known roof tile areas will achieve this minimum power output. Larger sized roof tiles allow the solar cell area to be increased, achieving a greater power output.
Each solar panel contains a diode on the positive circuit of its printed circuit board. Each solar tile is fitted to a roof using a known roofing method. The solar tiles are wired together in series to form a solar array. The solar array is connected through a combiner box and to an inverter.
The output of the solar array is dependent on the D.C. voltage range demanded by the inverter. The voltage is controlled by limiting the number of solar tiles wired in series. Each series or row of solar tiles has two final contact wires which are combined together through a suitable fuse to a positive and negative bus bar to form a parallel circuit with one positive and one negative output. These outputs are wired to an inverter.
Each solar cell within the solar panel is protected by an electrical diode within the series circuitry to minimize the effect of “shadowing” for example as the incident light on the solar cells vary due to cloud movements. If one solar cell is shadowed, its performance is reduced without affecting the performance of any adjacent solar cell. Similarly, if one solar panel is shaded by for example a tree, then its performance may be reduced compared to an adjacent solar panel which is in full sunlight. Due to the serial diodes, the shading of one solar cell does not affect the performance of adjacent solar cells.
The embodiments disclosed herein can be fitted to new or replacement roofs. Any individual failed solar panel is easily replaceable by a new solar roof tile.
Claims
1-28. (canceled)
29. A photovoltaic solar panel comprising:
- a printed circuit board;
- a plurality of photovoltaic solar cells each electrically connected to the printed circuit board; and
- a front sheet comprising a layer of plastic, wherein the printed circuit board, the photovoltaic solar cells, and the front sheet are at least part of a laminated structure attachable to a roof tile.
30. The photovoltaic solar panel of claim 29, wherein the layer of plastic is a layer of transparent, UV-resistant plastic.
31. The photovoltaic solar panel of claim 29, wherein the layer of plastic is a layer of ethylene tetrafluoroethylene.
32. The photovoltaic solar panel of claim 29, the photovoltaic solar panel further comprising:
- a first layer of ethylene-vinyl acetate covering at least a surface of the printed circuit board; and
- a second layer of ethylene-vinyl acetate covering the photovoltaic solar cells, wherein the first layer and the second layer are at least part of the laminated structure attachable to the roof tile.
33. The photovoltaic solar panel of claim 32, wherein the layer of plastic covers a front surface of the second layer of ethylene-vinyl acetate.
34. The photovoltaic solar panel of claim 29, the photovoltaic solar panel further comprising a rigid back plate.
35. The photovoltaic solar panel of claim 34, further comprising an adhesive sealant layer in adjacent contact with the rigid back plate, the adhesive sealant layer adherable to the roof tile.
36. The photovoltaic solar panel of claim 29, wherein the printed circuit board, the photovoltaic solar cells, and the front sheet are at least part of a laminated structure attachable to a roof tile, the roof tile which comprises at least one of concrete, clay, metal, and plastic.
37. The photovoltaic solar panel of claim 29, wherein the photovoltaic solar panel is substantially rectangular and has area dimensions smaller than the area dimensions of a front face of the roof tile.
38. A method of manufacture of a photovoltaic solar panel for attachment to a roof tile, the method comprising forming a laminated structure by laminating one or more sheets that include a printed circuit board, a plurality of photovoltaic solar cells, and a front sheet, wherein laminating a front sheet includes laminating a layer of plastic.
39. The method of manufacture of claim 38, wherein laminating a layer of plastic includes laminating a layer of transparent, UV-resistant plastic.
40. The method of manufacture of claim 38, wherein laminating a layer of plastic includes laminating a layer of ethylene tetrafluoroethylene.
41. The method of manufacture of claim 38, wherein laminating one or more sheets to form a laminated structure further includes laminating a first layer of ethylene-vinyl acetate covering at least a surface of the printed circuit board, and laminating a second layer of ethylene-vinyl acetate covering the photovoltaic solar cells.
42. The method of manufacture of claim 41, wherein laminating a layer of plastic includes laminating a layer of plastic to cover a front surface of the second layer of ethylene-vinyl acetate.
43. The method of manufacture of claim 38, wherein forming a laminated structure by laminating one or more sheets includes laminating a rigid back plate.
44. The method of manufacture of claim 43, the method further comprising applying an adhesive sealant layer in adjacent contact with the rigid back plate, the adhesive sealant layer adherable to the roof tile.
45. The method of manufacture of claim 44, wherein applying an adhesive sealant layer in adjacent contact with the rigid back plate includes applying an adhesive sealant layer adherable to a roof tile, the roof tile which comprises at least one of concrete, clay, metal, and plastic.
46. The method of manufacture of claim 38, wherein forming a laminated structure by laminating one or more sheets that include a printed circuit board, a plurality of photovoltaic solar cells, and a front sheet includes forming a laminated structure that is substantially rectangular and has area dimensions smaller than the area dimensions of a front face of the roof tile.
Type: Application
Filed: Jan 16, 2019
Publication Date: May 16, 2019
Inventors: Paul Julian CROPPER (Vancouver), David Allan STIRLING (Vancouver)
Application Number: 16/248,915