Device, Method, and Graphical User Interface for Forgoing Generation of Tactile Output for a Multi-Contact Gesture
An electronic device with a display, a touch-sensitive surface, and one or more sensors to detect intensity of contacts with the touch-sensitive surface: detects, on the touch-sensitive surface, a gesture that includes an increase of intensity of a contact above a respective intensity threshold. In response to detecting the gesture: in accordance with a determination that the gesture includes a first number of contacts, the device generates a tactile output on the touch-sensitive surface; and in accordance with a determination that the gesture includes a second number of contacts different from the first number, the device forgoes generating the tactile output on the touch-sensitive surface.
This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/608,926, filed Jan. 29, 2015, which is continuation of PCT Patent Application Serial No. PCT/US2013/069479, filed on Nov. 11, 2013, which claims the benefit of and priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 61/778,239, filed on Mar. 12, 2013, and U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/747,278, filed Dec. 29, 2012, which applications are incorporated by reference herein in their entireties.
This application is also related to the following: U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 61/778,092, filed on Mar. 12, 2013, entitled “Device, Method, and Graphical User Interface for Selecting Object within a Group of Objects;” U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 61/778,125, filed on Mar. 12, 2013, entitled “Device, Method, and Graphical User Interface for Navigating User Interface Hierarchies;” U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 61/778,156, filed on Mar. 12, 2013, entitled “Device, Method, and Graphical User Interface for Manipulating Framed Graphical Objects;” U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 61/778,179, filed on Mar. 12, 2013, entitled “Device, Method, and Graphical User Interface for Scrolling Nested Regions;” U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 61/778,171, filed on Mar. 12, 2013, entitled “Device, Method, and Graphical User Interface for Displaying Additional Information in Response to a User Contact;” U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 61/778,191, filed on Mar. 12, 2013, entitled “Device, Method, and Graphical User Interface for Displaying User Interface Objects Corresponding to an Application;” U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 61/778,211, filed on Mar. 12, 2013, entitled “Device, Method, and Graphical User Interface for Facilitating User Interaction with Controls in a User Interface;” U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 61/778,284, filed on Mar. 12, 2013, entitled “Device, Method, and Graphical User Interface for Providing Tactile Feedback for Operations Performed in a User Interface;” U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 61/778,287, filed on Mar. 12, 2013, entitled “Device, Method, and Graphical User Interface for Providing Feedback for Changing Activation States of a User Interface Object;” U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 61/778,363, filed on Mar. 12, 2013, entitled “Device, Method, and Graphical User Interface for Transitioning between Touch Input to Display Output Relationships;” U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 61/778,367, filed on Mar. 12, 2013, entitled “Device, Method, and Graphical User Interface for Moving a User Interface Object Based on an Intensity of a Press Input;” U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 61/778,265, filed on Mar. 12, 2013, entitled “Device, Method, and Graphical User Interface for Transitioning between Display States in Response to a Gesture;” U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 61/778,373, filed on Mar. 12, 2013, entitled “Device, Method, and Graphical User Interface for Managing Activation of a Control Based on Contact Intensity;” U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 61/778,412, filed on Mar. 13, 2013, entitled “Device, Method, and Graphical User Interface for Displaying Content Associated with a Corresponding Affordance;” U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 61/778,413, filed on Mar. 13, 2013, entitled “Device, Method, and Graphical User Interface for Selecting User Interface Objects;” U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 61/778,414, filed on Mar. 13, 2013, entitled “Device, Method, and Graphical User Interface for Moving and Dropping a User Interface Object;” U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 61/778,416, filed on Mar. 13, 2013, entitled “Device, Method, and Graphical User Interface for Determining Whether to Scroll or Select Content;” and U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 61/778,418, filed on Mar. 13, 2013, entitled “Device, Method, and Graphical User Interface for Switching between User Interfaces,” which are incorporated herein by reference in their entireties.
This application is also related to the following: U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 61/645,033, filed on May 9, 2012, entitled “Adaptive Haptic Feedback for Electronic Devices;” U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 61/665,603, filed on Jun. 28, 2012, entitled “Adaptive Haptic Feedback for Electronic Devices;” and U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 61/681,098, filed on Aug. 8, 2012, entitled “Adaptive Haptic Feedback for Electronic Devices,” which are incorporated herein by reference in their entireties.
TECHNICAL FIELDThis relates generally to electronic devices with touch-sensitive surfaces, including but not limited to electronic devices with touch-sensitive surfaces that detect inputs for manipulating user interfaces.
BACKGROUNDThe use of touch-sensitive surfaces as input devices for computers and other electronic computing devices has increased significantly in recent years. Exemplary touch-sensitive surfaces include touch pads and touch screen displays. Such surfaces are widely used to manipulate user interface objects on a display.
Exemplary manipulations include adjusting the position and/or size of one or more user interface objects or activating buttons or opening files/applications represented by user interface objects, as well as associating metadata with one or more user interface objects or otherwise manipulating user interfaces. Exemplary user interface objects include digital images, video, text, icons, control elements such as buttons and other graphics. A user will, in some circumstances, need to perform such manipulations on user interface objects in a file management program (e.g., Finder from Apple Inc. of Cupertino, Ca.), an image management application (e.g., Aperture or iPhoto from Apple Inc. of Cupertino, Ca.), a digital content (e.g., videos and music) management application (e.g., iTunes from Apple Inc. of Cupertino, Ca.), a drawing application, a presentation application (e.g., Keynote from Apple Inc. of Cupertino, Ca.), a word processing application (e.g., Pages from Apple Inc. of Cupertino, Ca.), a website creation application (e.g., iWeb from Apple Inc. of Cupertino, Ca.), a disk authoring application (e.g., iDVD from Apple Inc. of Cupertino, Ca.), or a spreadsheet application (e.g., Numbers from Apple Inc. of Cupertino, Ca.).
But existing methods for performing these manipulations are cumbersome and inefficient. In addition, existing methods take longer than necessary, thereby wasting energy. This latter consideration is particularly important in battery-operated devices.
SUMMARYAccordingly, there is a need for electronic devices with faster, more efficient methods and interfaces for manipulating user interfaces. Such methods and interfaces optionally complement or replace conventional methods for manipulating user interfaces. Such methods and interfaces reduce the cognitive burden on a user and produce a more efficient human-machine interface. For battery-operated devices, such methods and interfaces conserve power and increase the time between battery charges.
The above deficiencies and other problems associated with user interfaces for electronic devices with touch-sensitive surfaces are reduced or eliminated by the disclosed devices. In some embodiments, the device is a desktop computer. In some embodiments, the device is portable (e.g., a notebook computer, tablet computer, or handheld device). In some embodiments, the device has a touchpad. In some embodiments, the device has a touch-sensitive display (also known as a “touch screen” or “touch screen display”). In some embodiments, the device has a graphical user interface (GUI), one or more processors, memory and one or more modules, programs or sets of instructions stored in the memory for performing multiple functions. In some embodiments, the user interacts with the GUI primarily through finger contacts and gestures on the touch-sensitive surface. In some embodiments, the functions optionally include image editing, drawing, presenting, word processing, website creating, disk authoring, spreadsheet making, game playing, telephoning, video conferencing, e-mailing, instant messaging, workout support, digital photographing, digital videoing, web browsing, digital music playing, and/or digital video playing. Executable instructions for performing these functions are, optionally, included in a non-transitory computer readable storage medium or other computer program product configured for execution by one or more processors.
There is a need for electronic devices with more efficient methods and interfaces for providing feedback when a focus selector moves over a user interface object. Such methods and interfaces may complement or replace conventional methods for providing feedback when a focus selector moves over a user interface object. Such methods and interfaces reduce the cognitive burden on a user and produce a more efficient human-machine interface.
In accordance with some embodiments, a method is performed at an electronic device with a display, a touch-sensitive surface. The method includes: displaying, on the display, a plurality of user interface objects, where each of the plurality of user interface objects includes a plurality of subdivisions. The method further includes, detecting movement of a contact on the touch-sensitive surface that corresponds to movement of a focus selector over a respective user interface object in the plurality of user interface objects. The method further includes, in response to detecting the movement of the contact: in accordance with a determination that output criteria have been met, generating tactile outputs that correspond to a respective boundary of the respective user interface object and subdivisions of the respective user interface object; and in accordance with a determination that the output criteria have not been met, generating tactile outputs that correspond to the respective boundary of the respective user interface object without generating tactile outputs that correspond to the subdivisions of the respective user interface object.
In accordance with some embodiments, an electronic device includes a display unit configured to display one or more user interface objects; a touch-sensitive surface unit configured to receive user contacts; and a processing unit coupled to the display unit and the touch-sensitive surface unit. The processing unit is configured to: enable display of a plurality of user interface objects on the display unit, where each of the plurality of user interface objects includes a plurality of subdivisions; and detect movement of a contact on the touch-sensitive surface that corresponds to movement of a focus selector over a respective user interface object in the plurality of user interface objects. The processing unit is further configured to, in response to detecting the movement of the contact: in accordance with a determination that output criteria have been met, generate tactile outputs that correspond to a respective boundary of the respective user interface object and subdivisions of the respective user interface object; and in accordance with a determination that the output criteria have not been met, generate tactile outputs that correspond to the respective boundary of the respective user interface object without generating tactile outputs that correspond to the subdivisions of the respective user interface object.
Thus, electronic devices with displays and touch-sensitive surfaces are provided with faster, more efficient methods and interfaces for providing feedback when a focus selector moves over a subdivision of a user interface object, thereby increasing the effectiveness, efficiency, and user satisfaction with such devices. Such methods and interfaces may complement or replace conventional methods for providing feedback when a focus selector moves over a subdivision of a user interface object.
There is a need for electronic devices with faster, more efficient methods and interfaces for providing feedback when interacting with a user interface object, for example, to more efficiently differentiate feedback corresponding to a selection event from feedback corresponding to an activation event. Such methods and interfaces may complement or replace conventional methods for providing feedback when interacting with a user interface object. Such methods and interfaces reduce the cognitive burden on a user and produce a more efficient human-machine interface. For battery-operated devices, such methods and interfaces conserve power and increase the time between battery charges.
In accordance with some embodiments, a method is performed at an electronic device with a display, a touch-sensitive surface and one or more sensors to detect intensity of contacts with the touch-sensitive surface. The method includes: detecting a contact on the touch-sensitive surface, where the contact corresponds to a focus selector on the display. The method further includes: detecting a gesture based on input from the contact. The method further includes, in response to detecting the gesture: in accordance with a determination that the gesture corresponds to movement of the focus selector over a respective user interface object without activating the respective user interface object, generating a first tactile output on the touch-sensitive surface that corresponds to movement of the focus selector over the respective user interface object; and in accordance with a determination that the gesture corresponds to an increase of intensity of the contact above an activation intensity threshold while the focus selector is over the respective user interface object, generating a second tactile output on the touch-sensitive surface that corresponds to activation of the respective user interface object, where the second tactile output is different from the first tactile output.
In accordance with some embodiments, an electronic device includes a display unit configured to display one or more user interface objects; a touch-sensitive surface unit configured to receive user contacts; and a processing unit coupled to the display unit and the touch-sensitive surface unit. The processing unit is configured to: enable display of one or more user interface objects on the display unit; detect a contact on the touch-sensitive surface unit, where the contact corresponds to a focus selector on the display unit; and detect a gesture based on input from the contact. The processing unit is further configured to, in response to detecting the gesture: in accordance with a determination that the gesture corresponds to movement of the focus selector over a respective user interface object without activating the respective user interface object, generating a first tactile output on the touch-sensitive surface that corresponds to movement of the focus selector over the respective user interface object; and in accordance with a determination that the gesture corresponds to an increase of intensity of the contact above an activation intensity threshold while the focus selector is over the respective user interface object, generating a second tactile output on the touch-sensitive surface that corresponds to activation of the respective user interface object, where the second tactile output is different from the first tactile output.
Thus, electronic devices with displays, touch-sensitive surfaces and one or more sensors to detect intensity of contacts with the touch-sensitive surface are provided with faster, more efficient methods and interfaces for providing feedback when interacting with a user interface object, thereby increasing the effectiveness, efficiency, and user satisfaction with such devices. Such methods and interfaces may complement or replace conventional methods for providing feedback when interacting with a user interface object.
There is a need for electronic devices with faster, more efficient methods and interfaces for providing feedback when a focus selector moves over a user interface object. Such methods and interfaces may complement or replace conventional methods for providing feedback when a focus selector moves over a user interface object. Such methods and interfaces reduce the cognitive burden on a user and produce a more efficient human-machine interface. For battery-operated devices, such methods and interfaces conserve power and increase the time between battery charges.
In accordance with some embodiments, a method is performed at an electronic device with a display, a touch-sensitive surface. The method includes displaying an application window that includes a control region and a content region distinct from the control region on the display, where the control region includes a plurality of affordances for performing operations on content in the content region and the content region displays content that includes one or more affordances integrated into the content. The method further includes detecting a contact on the touch-sensitive surface. The method further includes detecting a gesture that includes movement of the contact across the touch-sensitive surface that corresponds to movement of a focus selector on the display across the application window. The method further includes, in response to detecting the gesture: in accordance with a determination that the gesture corresponds to movement of the focus selector over a first affordance in the control region, generating a first tactile output on the touch-sensitive surface that corresponds to movement of the focus selector over an affordance in the control region; and in accordance with a determination that the gesture corresponds to movement of the focus selector over a second affordance in the content region, generating a second tactile output on the touch-sensitive surface that corresponds to movement of the focus selector over an affordance in the content region, where the second tactile output is different from the first tactile output.
In accordance with some embodiments, an electronic device includes a display unit configured display an application window; a touch-sensitive surface unit configured to receive user contacts; and a processing unit coupled to the display unit and the touch-sensitive surface unit. The processing unit is configured to: enable display of an application window that includes a control region and a content region distinct from the control region on the display, where: the control region includes a plurality of affordances for performing operations on content in the content region; and the content region displays content that includes one or more affordances integrated into the content. The processing unit is further configured to detect a contact on the touch-sensitive surface unit. The processing unit is further configured to detect a gesture that includes movement of the contact across the touch-sensitive surface unit that corresponds to movement of a focus selector on the display across the application window. The processor unit is further configured to, in response to detecting the gesture: in accordance with a determination that the gesture corresponds to movement of the focus selector over a first affordance in the control region, generate a first tactile output on the touch-sensitive surface unit that corresponds to movement of the focus selector over an affordance in the control region; and in accordance with a determination that the gesture corresponds to movement of the focus selector over a second affordance in the content region, generate a second tactile output on the touch-sensitive surface unit that corresponds to movement of the focus selector over an affordance in the content region, where the second tactile output is different from the first tactile output.
Thus, electronic devices with displays, touch-sensitive surfaces are provided with faster, more efficient methods and interfaces for providing feedback when a focus selector moves over a user interface object, thereby increasing the effectiveness, efficiency, and user satisfaction with such devices. Such methods and interfaces may complement or replace conventional methods for providing feedback when a focus selector moves over a user interface object.
There is a need for electronic devices with faster, more efficient methods and interfaces for adjusting a tactile output level in accordance with an adjustment of a volume level. Such methods and interfaces may complement or replace conventional methods for adjusting a tactile output level. Such methods and interfaces reduce the cognitive burden on a user and produce a more efficient human-machine interface. For battery-operated devices, such methods and interfaces conserve power and increase the time between battery charges.
In accordance with some embodiments, a method is performed at an electronic device with a display and a touch-sensitive surface. The method includes: detecting a first plurality of inputs on the touch-sensitive surface; in response to detecting the first plurality of inputs, providing tactile feedback in accordance with a tactile output level of the device; and receiving a request to adjust a volume level of the device by a respective amount. The method further includes, in response to the request to adjust the volume level: adjusting the volume level by the respective amount from a first non-zero volume level to a second non-zero volume level; and adjusting the tactile output level of the device in accordance with the respective amount.
In accordance with some embodiments, an electronic device includes a display unit configured to display information; a touch-sensitive surface unit configured to receive contacts; a tactile feedback unit configured to provide tactile feedback; an audio unit configured to produce an audio signal and an audio control signal in accordance with at least a volume level; and a processing unit coupled to the display unit, the touch-sensitive surface unit, the tactile feedback unit, and the audio unit. The processing unit is configured to: detect a first plurality of inputs on the touch-sensitive surface unit; in response to detecting the first plurality of inputs, provide tactile via the tactile feedback unit feedback in accordance with a tactile output level of the device; and receive a request to adjust a volume level of the device by a respective amount. The processing unit is further configured to, in response to the request to adjust the volume level: adjust the volume level by the respective amount; and adjust the tactile output level of the device in accordance with the respective amount.
Thus, electronic devices with displays and touch-sensitive surfaces are provided with faster, more efficient methods and interfaces for adjusting a tactile output level in accordance with an adjustment of a volume level, thereby increasing the effectiveness, efficiency, and user satisfaction with such devices. Such methods and interfaces may complement or replace conventional methods for adjusting a tactile output level.
There is a need for electronic devices with more efficient methods and interfaces for generating a tactile output for a gesture having a first number of contacts (e.g., a single contact gesture) and forgoing generation of a tactile output for a gesture having a second number of contacts (e.g., a multi-contact gesture). Such methods and interfaces may complement or replace conventional methods for tactile output generation. Such methods and interfaces reduce the cognitive burden on a user and produce a more efficient human-machine interface. For battery-operated devices, such methods and interfaces conserve power and increase the time between battery charges.
In accordance with some embodiments, a method is performed at an electronic device with a display and a touch-sensitive surface, where the device includes one or more sensors to detect intensity of contacts with the touch-sensitive surface. The method includes: detecting, on the touch-sensitive surface, a gesture that includes an increase of intensity of a contact above a respective intensity threshold. The method further includes, in response to detecting the gesture: in accordance with a determination that the gesture includes a first number of contacts, generating a tactile output on the touch-sensitive surface; and in accordance with a determination that the gesture includes a second number of contacts different from the first number, forgoing generating the tactile output on the touch-sensitive surface.
In accordance with some embodiments, an electronic device includes a display unit configured to display a graphical user interface; a touch-sensitive surface unit configured to receive contacts; one or more sensor units configured to detect intensity of contacts with the touch-sensitive surface unit; a tactile output unit configured to generate a tactile output; and a processing unit coupled to the display unit, the touch-sensitive surface unit, the one or more sensor units, and the tactile output unit. The processing unit is configured to detect, on the touch-sensitive surface unit, a gesture that includes an increase of intensity of a contact above a respective intensity threshold. The processing unit is further configured to, in response to detecting the gesture: in accordance with a determination that the gesture includes a first number of contacts, generate a tactile output via the tactile output unit on the touch-sensitive surface unit; and in accordance with a determination that the gesture includes a second number of contacts different from the first number, forgo generating the tactile output on the touch-sensitive surface unit.
Thus, electronic devices with displays, touch-sensitive surfaces, and one or more sensors to detect intensity of contacts with the touch-sensitive surface are provided with more efficient methods and interfaces for generating a tactile output for a gesture having a first number of contacts and forgoing generation of a tactile output for a gesture having a second number of contacts, thereby increasing the effectiveness, efficiency, and user satisfaction with such devices. Such methods and interfaces may complement or replace conventional methods for generating a tactile output for a gesture having a first number of contacts and forgoing generation of a tactile output for a gesture having a second number of contacts.
In accordance with some embodiments, an electronic device includes a display, a touch-sensitive surface, optionally one or more sensors to detect intensity of contacts with the touch-sensitive surface, one or more processors, memory, and one or more programs; the one or more programs are stored in the memory and configured to be executed by the one or more processors and the one or more programs include instructions for performing the operations of any of the methods referred to in the fifth paragraph of the Description of Embodiments. In accordance with some embodiments, a graphical user interface on an electronic device with a display, a touch-sensitive surface, optionally one or more sensors to detect intensity of contacts with the touch-sensitive surface, a memory, and one or more processors to execute one or more programs stored in the memory includes one or more of the elements displayed in any of the methods referred to in the fifth paragraph of the Description of Embodiments, which are updated in response to inputs, as described in any of the methods referred to in the fifth paragraph of the Description of Embodiments. In accordance with some embodiments, a computer readable storage medium has stored therein instructions which when executed by an electronic device with a display, a touch-sensitive surface, and optionally one or more sensors to detect intensity of contacts with the touch-sensitive surface, cause the device to perform the operations of any of the methods referred to in the fifth paragraph of the Description of Embodiments. In accordance with some embodiments, an electronic device includes: a display, a touch-sensitive surface, and optionally one or more sensors to detect intensity of contacts with the touch-sensitive surface; and means for performing the operations of any of the methods referred to in the fifth paragraph of the Description of Embodiments. In accordance with some embodiments, an information processing apparatus, for use in an electronic device with a display and a touch-sensitive surface, optionally one or more sensors to detect intensity of contacts with the touch-sensitive surface, includes means for performing the operations of any of the methods referred to in the fifth paragraph of the Description of Embodiments.
For a better understanding of the various described embodiments, reference should be made to the Description of Embodiments below, in conjunction with the following drawings in which like reference numerals refer to corresponding parts throughout the figures.
The methods, devices and GUIs described herein provide visual and/or haptic feedback that makes manipulation of user interface objects more efficient and intuitive for a user. For example, in a system where the clicking action of a trackpad is decoupled from the contact intensity (e.g., contact force, contact pressure, or a substitute therefore) that is needed to reach an activation threshold, the device can generate different tactile outputs (e.g., “different clicks”) for different activation events (e.g., so that clicks that accomplish a particular result are differentiated from clicks that do not produce any result or that accomplish a different result from the particular result). Additionally, tactile outputs can be generated in response to other events that are not related to increasing intensity of a contact, such as generating a tactile output (e.g., a “detent”) when a user interface object is moved to a particular position, boundary or orientation, or when an event occurs at the device.
Additionally, in a system where a trackpad or touch-screen display is sensitive to a range of contact intensity that includes more than one or two specific intensity values (e.g., more than a simple on/off, binary intensity determination), the user interface can provide responses (e.g., visual or tactile cues) that are indicative of the intensity of the contact within the range. In some implementations, a pre-activation-threshold response and/or a post-activation-threshold response to an input are displayed as continuous animations. As one example of such a response, a preview of an operation is displayed in response to detecting an increase in contact intensity that is still below an activation threshold for performing the operation. As another example of such a response, an animation associated with an operation continues even after the activation threshold for the operation has been reached. Both of these examples provide a user with a continuous response to the force or pressure of a user's contact, which provides a user with visual and/or haptic feedback that is richer and more intuitive. More specifically, such continuous force responses give the user the experience of being able to press lightly to preview an operation and/or press deeply to push “past” or “through” a predefined user interface state corresponding to the operation.
Additionally, for a device with a touch-sensitive surface that is sensitive to a range of contact intensity, multiple contact intensity thresholds can be monitored by the device and different functions can be mapped to different contact intensity thresholds. This serves to increase the available “gesture space” providing easy access to advanced features for users who know that increasing the intensity of a contact at or beyond a second “deep press” intensity threshold will cause the device to perform a different operation from an operation that would be performed if the intensity of the contact is between a first “activation” intensity threshold and the second “deep press” intensity threshold. An advantage of assigning additional functionality to a second “deep press” intensity threshold while maintaining familiar functionality at a first “activation” intensity threshold is that inexperienced users who are, in some circumstances, confused by the additional functionality can use the familiar functionality by just applying an intensity up to the first “activation” intensity threshold, whereas more experienced users can take advantage of the additional functionality by applying an intensity at the second “deep press” intensity threshold.
Additionally, for a device with a touch-sensitive surface that is sensitive to a range of contact intensity, the device can provide additional functionality by allowing users to perform complex operations with a single continuous contact. For example, when selecting a group of objects, a user can move a continuous contact around the touch-sensitive surface and can press while dragging (e.g., applying an intensity greater than a “deep press” intensity threshold) to add additional elements to a selection. In this way, a user can intuitively interact with a user interface where pressing harder with a contact causes objects in the user interface to be “stickier.”
A number of different approaches to providing an intuitive user interface on a device where a clicking action is decoupled from the force that is needed to reach an activation threshold and/or the device is sensitive to a wide range of contact intensities are described below. Using one or more of these approaches (optionally in conjunction with each other) helps to provide a user interface that intuitively provides users with additional information and functionality, thereby reducing the user's cognitive burden and improving the human-machine interface. Such improvements in the human-machine interface enable users to use the device faster and more efficiently. For battery-operated devices, these improvements conserve power and increase the time between battery charges. For ease of explanation, systems, methods and user interfaces for including illustrative examples of some of these approaches are described below, as follows:
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- methods and user interfaces described below improve upon this visual feedback by providing tactile feedback indicating that the user has scrolled over or selected a particular subdivision (e.g., individual words, letters or spaces) of the larger user interface object (e.g., a block of text)In particular,
FIGS. 5A-5M illustrate exemplary user interfaces for providing feedback when a focus selector moves over a user interface object.FIGS. 6A-6C are flow diagrams illustrating a method of providing feedback when a focus selector moves over a user interface object. The user interfaces inFIGS. 5A-5M are used to illustrate the processes inFIGS. 6A-6C .by providing different tactile feedback to the user when a focus selector moves over a respective user interface object than when the user subsequently activates the respective user interface object. In particular,FIGS. 8A-8E illustrate exemplary user interfaces for providing feedback when interacting with a user interface object.FIG. 9 is a flow diagram illustrating a method of providing feedback when interacting with a user interface object. The user interfaces inFIGS. 8A-8E are used to illustrate the processes inFIG. 9 .Many electronic devices have graphical user interfaces that display application windows having separate regions for displaying content-independent affordances such as control affordances. The embodiments described below provide improved methods and user interfaces for generating feedback to a user navigating a complex user interface environment by providing different tactile feedback to the user when a focus selector moves over an affordance displayed in a control region and an affordance displayed in a content region of an application window. In particular,FIGS. 11A-11D illustrate exemplary user interfaces for providing feedback when a focus selector moves over a user interface object.FIGS. 12A-12B are flow diagrams illustrating a method of providing feedback when a focus selector moves over a user interface object. The user interfaces inFIGS. 11A-11D are used to illustrate the processes inFIGS. 12A-12B . - Many electronic devices change output levels of sensory properties of the device in response to the enablement of a setting or mode of the device. However, there are sometimes a large number of sensory properties to adjust and adjusting output levels of these sensory properties separately can be confusing and difficult for users. The embodiments below provide a more convenient and intuitive user interface by adjusting a tactile output level of a device in tandem with an adjustment of a volume level of the device. In particular,
FIGS. 14A-14I illustrate exemplary user interfaces for adjusting a tactile output level in accordance with an adjustment of a volume level.FIGS. 15A-15C are flow diagrams illustrating a method of adjusting a tactile output level in accordance with an adjustment of a volume level. The user interfaces inFIGS. 14A-14I are used to illustrate the processes inFIGS. 15A-15C . - Many electronic devices provide a form of confirmation to a user in response to an event being triggered by a user action. For example, when a user clicks on an affordance (e.g., an icon button) corresponding to respective content (e.g., an electronic document, an image, or a video), an audio output is provided via a speaker to the user to confirm that the user is clicking on the affordance. However, this confirmation or feedback can be distracting or confusing to a user when it occurs in response to inputs that do not correspond to the feedback. The embodiments described below provide a more convenient and intuitive interface by generating a tactile output in response to detecting a gesture that includes a first number of contacts (e.g., one contact) and forging generating the tactile output if the gesture includes a second number of contacts (e.g., two or more contacts). In particular,
FIGS. 17A-17F illustrate exemplary user interfaces for generating a tactile output for a gesture having a first number of contacts and forgoing generation of a tactile output for a gesture having a second number of contacts.FIG. 18 is a flow diagram illustrating a method of generating a tactile output for a gesture having a first number of contacts and forgoing generation of a tactile output for a gesture having a second number of contacts. The user interfaces inFIGS. 17A-17F are used to illustrate the processes inFIG. 18 .
- methods and user interfaces described below improve upon this visual feedback by providing tactile feedback indicating that the user has scrolled over or selected a particular subdivision (e.g., individual words, letters or spaces) of the larger user interface object (e.g., a block of text)In particular,
Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. In the following detailed description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the various described embodiments. However, it will be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art that the various described embodiments may be practiced without these specific details. In other instances, well-known methods, procedures, components, circuits, and networks have not been described in detail so as not to unnecessarily obscure aspects of the embodiments.
It will also be understood that, although the terms first, second, etc. are, in some instances, used herein to describe various elements, these elements should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element from another. For example, a first contact could be termed a second contact, and, similarly, a second contact could be termed a first contact, without departing from the scope of the various described embodiments. The first contact and the second contact are both contacts, but they are not the same contact.
The terminology used in the description of the various described embodiments herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting. As used in the description of the various described embodiments and the appended claims, the singular forms “a”, “an” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will also be understood that the term “and/or” as used herein refers to and encompasses any and all possible combinations of one or more of the associated listed items. It will be further understood that the terms “includes,” “including,” “comprises,” and/or “comprising,” when used in this specification, specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof.
As used herein, the term “if” is, optionally, construed to mean “when” or “upon” or “in response to determining” or “in response to detecting,” depending on the context. Similarly, the phrase “if it is determined” or “if [a stated condition or event] is detected” is, optionally, construed to mean “upon determining” or “in response to determining” or “upon detecting [the stated condition or event]” or “in response to detecting [the stated condition or event],” depending on the context.
Embodiments of electronic devices, user interfaces for such devices, and associated processes for using such devices are described. In some embodiments, the device is a portable communications device, such as a mobile telephone, that also contains other functions, such as PDA and/or music player functions. Exemplary embodiments of portable multifunction devices include, without limitation, the iPhone®, iPod Touch®, and iPad® devices from Apple Inc. of Cupertino, Ca. Other portable electronic devices, such as laptops or tablet computers with touch-sensitive surfaces (e.g., touch screen displays and/or touch pads), are, optionally, used. It should also be understood that, in some embodiments, the device is not a portable communications device, but is a desktop computer with a touch-sensitive surface (e.g., a touch screen display and/or a touch pad).
In the discussion that follows, an electronic device that includes a display and a touch-sensitive surface is described. It should be understood, however, that the electronic device optionally includes one or more other physical user-interface devices, such as a physical keyboard, a mouse and/or a joystick.
The device typically supports a variety of applications, such as one or more of the following: a drawing application, a presentation application, a word processing application, a website creation application, a disk authoring application, a spreadsheet application, a gaming application, a telephone application, a video conferencing application, an e-mail application, an instant messaging application, a workout support application, a photo management application, a digital camera application, a digital video camera application, a web browsing application, a digital music player application, and/or a digital video player application.
The various applications that are executed on the device optionally use at least one common physical user-interface device, such as the touch-sensitive surface. One or more functions of the touch-sensitive surface as well as corresponding information displayed on the device are, optionally, adjusted and/or varied from one application to the next and/or within a respective application. In this way, a common physical architecture (such as the touch-sensitive surface) of the device optionally supports the variety of applications with user interfaces that are intuitive and transparent to the user.
Attention is now directed toward embodiments of portable devices with touch-sensitive displays.
As used in the specification and claims, the term “intensity” of a contact on a touch-sensitive surface refers to the force or pressure (force per unit area) of a contact (e.g., a finger contact) on the touch sensitive surface, or to a substitute (proxy) for the force or pressure of a contact on the touch sensitive surface. The intensity of a contact has a range of values that includes at least four distinct values and more typically includes hundreds of distinct values (e.g., at least 256). Intensity of a contact is, optionally, determined (or measured) using various approaches and various sensors or combinations of sensors. For example, one or more force sensors underneath or adjacent to the touch-sensitive surface are, optionally, used to measure force at various points on the touch-sensitive surface. In some implementations, force measurements from multiple force sensors are combined (e.g., a weighted average) to determine an estimated force of a contact. Similarly, a pressure-sensitive tip of a stylus is, optionally, used to determine a pressure of the stylus on the touch-sensitive surface. Alternatively, the size of the contact area detected on the touch-sensitive surface and/or changes thereto, the capacitance of the touch-sensitive surface proximate to the contact and/or changes thereto, and/or the resistance of the touch-sensitive surface proximate to the contact and/or changes thereto are, optionally, used as a substitute for the force or pressure of the contact on the touch-sensitive surface. In some implementations, the substitute measurements for contact force or pressure are used directly to determine whether an intensity threshold has been exceeded (e.g., the intensity threshold is described in units corresponding to the substitute measurements). In some implementations, the substitute measurements for contact force or pressure are converted to an estimated force or pressure and the estimated force or pressure is used to determine whether an intensity threshold has been exceeded (e.g., the intensity threshold is a pressure threshold measured in units of pressure).
As used in the specification and claims, the term “tactile output” refers to physical displacement of a device relative to a previous position of the device, physical displacement of a component (e.g., a touch-sensitive surface) of a device relative to another component (e.g., housing) of the device, or displacement of the component relative to a center of mass of the device that will be detected by a user with the user's sense of touch. For example, in situations where the device or the component of the device is in contact with a surface of a user that is sensitive to touch (e.g., a finger, palm, or other part of a user's hand), the tactile output generated by the physical displacement will be interpreted by the user as a tactile sensation corresponding to a perceived change in physical characteristics of the device or the component of the device. For example, movement of a touch-sensitive surface (e.g., a touch-sensitive display or trackpad) is, optionally, interpreted by the user as a “down click” or “up click” of a physical actuator button. In some cases, a user will feel a tactile sensation such as an “down click” or “up click” even when there is no movement of a physical actuator button associated with the touch-sensitive surface that is physically pressed (e.g., displaced) by the user's movements. As another example, movement of the touch-sensitive surface is, optionally, interpreted or sensed by the user as “roughness” of the touch-sensitive surface, even when there is no change in smoothness of the touch-sensitive surface. While such interpretations of touch by a user will be subject to the individualized sensory perceptions of the user, there are many sensory perceptions of touch that are common to a large majority of users. Thus, when a tactile output is described as corresponding to a particular sensory perception of a user (e.g., an “up click,” a “down click,” “roughness”), unless otherwise stated, the generated tactile output corresponds to physical displacement of the device or a component thereof that will generate the described sensory perception for a typical (or average) user.
It should be appreciated that device 100 is only one example of a portable multifunction device, and that device 100 optionally has more or fewer components than shown, optionally combines two or more components, or optionally has a different configuration or arrangement of the components. The various components shown in
Memory 102 optionally includes high-speed random access memory and optionally also includes non-volatile memory, such as one or more magnetic disk storage devices, flash memory devices, or other non-volatile solid-state memory devices. Access to memory 102 by other components of device 100, such as CPU 120 and the peripherals interface 118, is, optionally, controlled by memory controller 122.
Peripherals interface 118 can be used to couple input and output peripherals of the device to CPU 120 and memory 102. The one or more processors 120 run or execute various software programs and/or sets of instructions stored in memory 102 to perform various functions for device 100 and to process data.
In some embodiments, peripherals interface 118, CPU 120, and memory controller 122 are, optionally, implemented on a single chip, such as chip 104. In some other embodiments, they are, optionally, implemented on separate chips.
RF (radio frequency) circuitry 108 receives and sends RF signals, also called electromagnetic signals. RF circuitry 108 converts electrical signals to/from electromagnetic signals and communicates with communications networks and other communications devices via the electromagnetic signals. RF circuitry 108 optionally includes well-known circuitry for performing these functions, including but not limited to an antenna system, an RF transceiver, one or more amplifiers, a tuner, one or more oscillators, a digital signal processor, a CODEC chipset, a subscriber identity module (SIM) card, memory, and so forth. RF circuitry 108 optionally communicates with networks, such as the Internet, also referred to as the World Wide Web (WWW), an intranet and/or a wireless network, such as a cellular telephone network, a wireless local area network (LAN) and/or a metropolitan area network (MAN), and other devices by wireless communication. The wireless communication optionally uses any of a plurality of communications standards, protocols and technologies, including but not limited to Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM), Enhanced Data GSM Environment (EDGE), high-speed downlink packet access (HSDPA), high-speed uplink packet access (HSDPA), Evolution, Data-Only (EV-DO), HSPA, HSPA+, Dual-Cell HSPA (DC-HSPDA), long term evolution (LTE), near field communication (NFC), wideband code division multiple access (W-CDMA), code division multiple access (CDMA), time division multiple access (TDMA), Bluetooth, Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi) (e.g., IEEE 802.11a, IEEE 802.11b, IEEE 802.11g and/or IEEE 802.11n), voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP), Wi-MAX, a protocol for e-mail (e.g., Internet message access protocol (IMAP) and/or post office protocol (POP)), instant messaging (e.g., extensible messaging and presence protocol (XMPP), Session Initiation Protocol for Instant Messaging and Presence Leveraging Extensions (SIMPLE), Instant Messaging and Presence Service (IMPS)), and/or Short Message Service (SMS), or any other suitable communication protocol, including communication protocols not yet developed as of the filing date of this document.
Audio circuitry 110, speaker 111, and microphone 113 provide an audio interface between a user and device 100. Audio circuitry 110 receives audio data from peripherals interface 118, converts the audio data to an electrical signal, and transmits the electrical signal to speaker 111. Speaker 111 converts the electrical signal to human-audible sound waves. Audio circuitry 110 also receives electrical signals converted by microphone 113 from sound waves. Audio circuitry 110 converts the electrical signal to audio data and transmits the audio data to peripherals interface 118 for processing. Audio data is, optionally, retrieved from and/or transmitted to memory 102 and/or RF circuitry 108 by peripherals interface 118. In some embodiments, audio circuitry 110 also includes a headset jack (e.g., 212,
I/O subsystem 106 couples input/output peripherals on device 100, such as touch screen 112 and other input control devices 116, to peripherals interface 118. I/O subsystem 106 optionally includes display controller 156, optical sensor controller 158, intensity sensor controller 159, haptic feedback controller 161 and one or more input controllers 160 for other input or control devices. The one or more input controllers 160 receive/send electrical signals from/to other input or control devices 116. The other input control devices 116 optionally include physical buttons (e.g., push buttons, rocker buttons, etc.), dials, slider switches, joysticks, click wheels, and so forth. In some alternate embodiments, input controller(s) 160 are, optionally, coupled to any (or none) of the following: a keyboard, infrared port, USB port, and a pointer device such as a mouse. The one or more buttons (e.g., 208,
Touch-sensitive display 112 provides an input interface and an output interface between the device and a user. Display controller 156 receives and/or sends electrical signals from/to touch screen 112. Touch screen 112 displays visual output to the user. The visual output optionally includes graphics, text, icons, video, and any combination thereof (collectively termed “graphics”). In some embodiments, some or all of the visual output corresponds to user-interface objects.
Touch screen 112 has a touch-sensitive surface, sensor or set of sensors that accepts input from the user based on haptic and/or tactile contact. Touch screen 112 and display controller 156 (along with any associated modules and/or sets of instructions in memory 102) detect contact (and any movement or breaking of the contact) on touch screen 112 and converts the detected contact into interaction with user-interface objects (e.g., one or more soft keys, icons, web pages or images) that are displayed on touch screen 112. In an exemplary embodiment, a point of contact between touch screen 112 and the user corresponds to a finger of the user.
Touch screen 112 optionally uses LCD (liquid crystal display) technology, LPD (light emitting polymer display) technology, or LED (light emitting diode) technology, although other display technologies are used in other embodiments. Touch screen 112 and display controller 156 optionally detect contact and any movement or breaking thereof using any of a plurality of touch sensing technologies now known or later developed, including but not limited to capacitive, resistive, infrared, and surface acoustic wave technologies, as well as other proximity sensor arrays or other elements for determining one or more points of contact with touch screen 112. In an exemplary embodiment, projected mutual capacitance sensing technology is used, such as that found in the iPhone®, iPod Touch®, and iPad® from Apple Inc. of Cupertino, Ca.
Touch screen 112 optionally has a video resolution in excess of 100 dpi. In some embodiments, the touch screen has a video resolution of approximately 160 dpi. The user optionally makes contact with touch screen 112 using any suitable object or appendage, such as a stylus, a finger, and so forth. In some embodiments, the user interface is designed to work primarily with finger-based contacts and gestures, which can be less precise than stylus-based input due to the larger area of contact of a finger on the touch screen. In some embodiments, the device translates the rough finger-based input into a precise pointer/cursor position or command for performing the actions desired by the user.
In some embodiments, in addition to the touch screen, device 100 optionally includes a touchpad (not shown) for activating or deactivating particular functions. In some embodiments, the touchpad is a touch-sensitive area of the device that, unlike the touch screen, does not display visual output. The touchpad is, optionally, a touch-sensitive surface that is separate from touch screen 112 or an extension of the touch-sensitive surface formed by the touch screen.
Device 100 also includes power system 162 for powering the various components. Power system 162 optionally includes a power management system, one or more power sources (e.g., battery, alternating current (AC)), a recharging system, a power failure detection circuit, a power converter or inverter, a power status indicator (e.g., a light-emitting diode (LED)) and any other components associated with the generation, management and distribution of power in portable devices.
Device 100 optionally also includes one or more optical sensors 164.
Device 100 optionally also includes one or more contact intensity sensors 165.
Device 100 optionally also includes one or more proximity sensors 166.
Device 100 optionally also includes one or more tactile output generators 167.
Device 100 optionally also includes one or more accelerometers 168.
In some embodiments, the software components stored in memory 102 include operating system 126, communication module (or set of instructions) 128, contact/motion module (or set of instructions) 130, graphics module (or set of instructions) 132, text input module (or set of instructions) 134, Global Positioning System (GPS) module (or set of instructions) 135, and applications (or sets of instructions) 136. Furthermore, in some embodiments memory 102 stores device/global internal state 157, as shown in
Operating system 126 (e.g., Darwin, RTXC, LINUX, UNIX, OS X, WINDOWS, or an embedded operating system such as VxWorks) includes various software components and/or drivers for controlling and managing general system tasks (e.g., memory management, storage device control, power management, etc.) and facilitates communication between various hardware and software components.
Communication module 128 facilitates communication with other devices over one or more external ports 124 and also includes various software components for handling data received by RF circuitry 108 and/or external port 124. External port 124 (e.g., Universal Serial Bus (USB), FIREWIRE, etc.) is adapted for coupling directly to other devices or indirectly over a network (e.g., the Internet, wireless LAN, etc.). In some embodiments, the external port is a multi-pin (e.g., 30-pin) connector that is the same as, or similar to and/or compatible with the 30-pin connector used on iPod (trademark of Apple Inc.) devices.
Contact/motion module 130 optionally detects contact with touch screen 112 (in conjunction with display controller 156) and other touch sensitive devices (e.g., a touchpad or physical click wheel). Contact/motion module 130 includes various software components for performing various operations related to detection of contact, such as determining if contact has occurred (e.g., detecting a finger-down event), determining an intensity of the contact (e.g., the force or pressure of the contact or a substitute for the force or pressure of the contact) determining if there is movement of the contact and tracking the movement across the touch-sensitive surface (e.g., detecting one or more finger-dragging events), and determining if the contact has ceased (e.g., detecting a finger-up event or a break in contact). Contact/motion module 130 receives contact data from the touch-sensitive surface. Determining movement of the point of contact, which is represented by a series of contact data, optionally includes determining speed (magnitude), velocity (magnitude and direction), and/or an acceleration (a change in magnitude and/or direction) of the point of contact. These operations are, optionally, applied to single contacts (e.g., one finger contacts) or to multiple simultaneous contacts (e.g., “multitouch”/multiple finger contacts). In some embodiments, contact/motion module 130 and display controller 156 detect contact on a touchpad.
In some embodiments, contact/motion module 130 uses a set of one or more intensity thresholds to determine whether an operation has been performed by a user (e.g., to determine whether a user has “clicked” on an icon). In some embodiments at least a subset of the intensity thresholds are determined in accordance with software parameters (e.g., the intensity thresholds are not determined by the activation thresholds of particular physical actuators and can be adjusted without changing the physical hardware of device 100). For example, a mouse “click” threshold of a trackpad or touch screen display can be set to any of a large range of predefined thresholds values without changing the trackpad or touch screen display hardware. Additionally, in some implementations a user of the device is provided with software settings for adjusting one or more of the set of intensity thresholds (e.g., by adjusting individual intensity thresholds and/or by adjusting a plurality of intensity thresholds at once with a system-level click “intensity” parameter).
Contact/motion module 130 optionally detects a gesture input by a user. Different gestures on the touch-sensitive surface have different contact patterns and intensities. Thus, a gesture is, optionally, detected by detecting a particular contact pattern. For example, detecting a finger tap gesture includes detecting a finger-down event followed by detecting a finger-up (lift off) event at the same position (or substantially the same position) as the finger-down event (e.g., at the position of an icon). As another example, detecting a finger swipe gesture on the touch-sensitive surface includes detecting a finger-down event followed by detecting one or more finger-dragging events, and subsequently followed by detecting a finger-up (lift off) event.
Graphics module 132 includes various known software components for rendering and displaying graphics on touch screen 112 or other display, including components for changing the visual impact (e.g., brightness, transparency, saturation, contrast or other visual property) of graphics that are displayed. As used herein, the term “graphics” includes any object that can be displayed to a user, including without limitation text, web pages, icons (such as user-interface objects including soft keys), digital images, videos, animations and the like.
In some embodiments, graphics module 132 stores data representing graphics to be used. Each graphic is, optionally, assigned a corresponding code. Graphics module 132 receives, from applications etc., one or more codes specifying graphics to be displayed along with, if necessary, coordinate data and other graphic property data, and then generates screen image data to output to display controller 156.
Haptic feedback module 133 includes various software components for generating instructions used by tactile output generator(s) 167 to produce tactile outputs at one or more locations on device 100 in response to user interactions with device 100.
Text input module 134, which is, optionally, a component of graphics module 132, provides soft keyboards for entering text in various applications (e.g., contacts 137, e-mail 140, IM 141, browser 147, and any other application that needs text input).
GPS module 135 determines the location of the device and provides this information for use in various applications (e.g., to telephone 138 for use in location-based dialing, to camera 143 as picture/video metadata, and to applications that provide location-based services such as weather widgets, local yellow page widgets, and map/navigation widgets).
Applications 136 optionally include the following modules (or sets of instructions), or a subset or superset thereof:
- contacts module 137 (sometimes called an address book or contact list);
- telephone module 138;
- video conferencing module 139;
- e-mail client module 140;
- instant messaging (IM) module 141;
- workout support module 142;
- camera module 143 for still and/or video images;
- image management module 144;
- browser module 147;
- calendar module 148;
- widget modules 149, which optionally include one or more of: weather widget 149-1, stocks widget 149-2, calculator widget 149-3, alarm clock widget 149-4, dictionary widget 149-5, and other widgets obtained by the user, as well as user-created widgets 149-6;
- widget creator module 150 for making user-created widgets 149-6;
- search module 151;
- video and music player module 152, which is, optionally, made up of a video player module and a music player module;
- notes module 153;
- map module 154; and/or
- online video module 155.
Examples of other applications 136 that are, optionally, stored in memory 102 include other word processing applications, other image editing applications, drawing applications, presentation applications, JAVA-enabled applications, encryption, digital rights management, voice recognition, and voice replication.
In conjunction with touch screen 112, display controller 156, contact module 130, graphics module 132, and text input module 134, contacts module 137 are, optionally, used to manage an address book or contact list (e.g., stored in application internal state 192 of contacts module 137 in memory 102 or memory 370), including: adding name(s) to the address book; deleting name(s) from the address book; associating telephone number(s), e-mail address(es), physical address(es) or other information with a name; associating an image with a name; categorizing and sorting names; providing telephone numbers or e-mail addresses to initiate and/or facilitate communications by telephone 138, video conference 139, e-mail 140, or IM 141; and so forth.
In conjunction with RF circuitry 108, audio circuitry 110, speaker 111, microphone 113, touch screen 112, display controller 156, contact module 130, graphics module 132, and text input module 134, telephone module 138 are, optionally, used to enter a sequence of characters corresponding to a telephone number, access one or more telephone numbers in address book 137, modify a telephone number that has been entered, dial a respective telephone number, conduct a conversation and disconnect or hang up when the conversation is completed. As noted above, the wireless communication optionally uses any of a plurality of communications standards, protocols and technologies.
In conjunction with RF circuitry 108, audio circuitry 110, speaker 111, microphone 113, touch screen 112, display controller 156, optical sensor 164, optical sensor controller 158, contact module 130, graphics module 132, text input module 134, contact list 137, and telephone module 138, videoconferencing module 139 includes executable instructions to initiate, conduct, and terminate a video conference between a user and one or more other participants in accordance with user instructions.
In conjunction with RF circuitry 108, touch screen 112, display controller 156, contact module 130, graphics module 132, and text input module 134, e-mail client module 140 includes executable instructions to create, send, receive, and manage e-mail in response to user instructions. In conjunction with image management module 144, e-mail client module 140 makes it very easy to create and send e-mails with still or video images taken with camera module 143.
In conjunction with RF circuitry 108, touch screen 112, display controller 156, contact module 130, graphics module 132, and text input module 134, the instant messaging module 141 includes executable instructions to enter a sequence of characters corresponding to an instant message, to modify previously entered characters, to transmit a respective instant message (for example, using a Short Message Service (SMS) or Multimedia Message Service (MMS) protocol for telephony-based instant messages or using XMPP, SIMPLE, or IMPS for Internet-based instant messages), to receive instant messages and to view received instant messages. In some embodiments, transmitted and/or received instant messages optionally include graphics, photos, audio files, video files and/or other attachments as are supported in a MMS and/or an Enhanced Messaging Service (EMS). As used herein, “instant messaging” refers to both telephony-based messages (e.g., messages sent using SMS or MMS) and Internet-based messages (e.g., messages sent using XMPP, SIMPLE, or IMPS).
In conjunction with RF circuitry 108, touch screen 112, display controller 156, contact module 130, graphics module 132, text input module 134, GPS module 135, map module 154, and music player module 146, workout support module 142 includes executable instructions to create workouts (e.g., with time, distance, and/or calorie burning goals); communicate with workout sensors (sports devices); receive workout sensor data; calibrate sensors used to monitor a workout; select and play music for a workout; and display, store and transmit workout data.
In conjunction with touch screen 112, display controller 156, optical sensor(s) 164, optical sensor controller 158, contact module 130, graphics module 132, and image management module 144, camera module 143 includes executable instructions to capture still images or video (including a video stream) and store them into memory 102, modify characteristics of a still image or video, or delete a still image or video from memory 102.
In conjunction with touch screen 112, display controller 156, contact module 130, graphics module 132, text input module 134, and camera module 143, image management module 144 includes executable instructions to arrange, modify (e.g., edit), or otherwise manipulate, label, delete, present (e.g., in a digital slide show or album), and store still and/or video images.
In conjunction with RF circuitry 108, touch screen 112, display system controller 156, contact module 130, graphics module 132, and text input module 134, browser module 147 includes executable instructions to browse the Internet in accordance with user instructions, including searching, linking to, receiving, and displaying web pages or portions thereof, as well as attachments and other files linked to web pages.
In conjunction with RF circuitry 108, touch screen 112, display system controller 156, contact module 130, graphics module 132, text input module 134, e-mail client module 140, and browser module 147, calendar module 148 includes executable instructions to create, display, modify, and store calendars and data associated with calendars (e.g., calendar entries, to do lists, etc.) in accordance with user instructions.
In conjunction with RF circuitry 108, touch screen 112, display system controller 156, contact module 130, graphics module 132, text input module 134, and browser module 147, widget modules 149 are mini-applications that are, optionally, downloaded and used by a user (e.g., weather widget 149-1, stocks widget 149-2, calculator widget 149-3, alarm clock widget 149-4, and dictionary widget 149-5) or created by the user (e.g., user-created widget 149-6). In some embodiments, a widget includes an HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) file, a CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) file, and a JavaScript file. In some embodiments, a widget includes an XML (Extensible Markup Language) file and a JavaScript file (e.g., Yahoo! Widgets).
In conjunction with RF circuitry 108, touch screen 112, display system controller 156, contact module 130, graphics module 132, text input module 134, and browser module 147, the widget creator module 150 are, optionally, used by a user to create widgets (e.g., turning a user-specified portion of a web page into a widget).
In conjunction with touch screen 112, display system controller 156, contact module 130, graphics module 132, and text input module 134, search module 151 includes executable instructions to search for text, music, sound, image, video, and/or other files in memory 102 that match one or more search criteria (e.g., one or more user-specified search terms) in accordance with user instructions.
In conjunction with touch screen 112, display system controller 156, contact module 130, graphics module 132, audio circuitry 110, speaker 111, RF circuitry 108, and browser module 147, video and music player module 152 includes executable instructions that allow the user to download and play back recorded music and other sound files stored in one or more file formats, such as MP3 or AAC files, and executable instructions to display, present or otherwise play back videos (e.g., on touch screen 112 or on an external, connected display via external port 124). In some embodiments, device 100 optionally includes the functionality of an MP3 player, such as an iPod (trademark of Apple Inc.).
In conjunction with touch screen 112, display controller 156, contact module 130, graphics module 132, and text input module 134, notes module 153 includes executable instructions to create and manage notes, to do lists, and the like in accordance with user instructions.
In conjunction with RF circuitry 108, touch screen 112, display system controller 156, contact module 130, graphics module 132, text input module 134, GPS module 135, and browser module 147, map module 154 are, optionally, used to receive, display, modify, and store maps and data associated with maps (e.g., driving directions; data on stores and other points of interest at or near a particular location; and other location-based data) in accordance with user instructions.
In conjunction with touch screen 112, display system controller 156, contact module 130, graphics module 132, audio circuitry 110, speaker 111, RF circuitry 108, text input module 134, e-mail client module 140, and browser module 147, online video module 155 includes instructions that allow the user to access, browse, receive (e.g., by streaming and/or download), play back (e.g., on the touch screen or on an external, connected display via external port 124), send an e-mail with a link to a particular online video, and otherwise manage online videos in one or more file formats, such as H.264. In some embodiments, instant messaging module 141, rather than e-mail client module 140, is used to send a link to a particular online video.
Each of the above identified modules and applications correspond to a set of executable instructions for performing one or more functions described above and the methods described in this application (e.g., the computer-implemented methods and other information processing methods described herein). These modules (i.e., sets of instructions) need not be implemented as separate software programs, procedures or modules, and thus various subsets of these modules are, optionally, combined or otherwise re-arranged in various embodiments. In some embodiments, memory 102 optionally stores a subset of the modules and data structures identified above. Furthermore, memory 102 optionally stores additional modules and data structures not described above.
In some embodiments, device 100 is a device where operation of a predefined set of functions on the device is performed exclusively through a touch screen and/or a touchpad. By using a touch screen and/or a touchpad as the primary input control device for operation of device 100, the number of physical input control devices (such as push buttons, dials, and the like) on device 100 is, optionally, reduced.
The predefined set of functions that are performed exclusively through a touch screen and/or a touchpad optionally include navigation between user interfaces. In some embodiments, the touchpad, when touched by the user, navigates device 100 to a main, home, or root menu from any user interface that is displayed on device 100. In such embodiments, a “menu button” is implemented using a touchpad. In some other embodiments, the menu button is a physical push button or other physical input control device instead of a touchpad.
Event sorter 170 receives event information and determines the application 136-1 and application view 191 of application 136-1 to which to deliver the event information. Event sorter 170 includes event monitor 171 and event dispatcher module 174. In some embodiments, application 136-1 includes application internal state 192, which indicates the current application view(s) displayed on touch sensitive display 112 when the application is active or executing. In some embodiments, device/global internal state 157 is used by event sorter 170 to determine which application(s) is (are) currently active, and application internal state 192 is used by event sorter 170 to determine application views 191 to which to deliver event information.
In some embodiments, application internal state 192 includes additional information, such as one or more of: resume information to be used when application 136-1 resumes execution, user interface state information that indicates information being displayed or that is ready for display by application 136-1, a state queue for enabling the user to go back to a prior state or view of application 136-1, and a redo/undo queue of previous actions taken by the user.
Event monitor 171 receives event information from peripherals interface 118. Event information includes information about a sub-event (e.g., a user touch on touch-sensitive display 112, as part of a multi-touch gesture). Peripherals interface 118 transmits information it receives from I/O subsystem 106 or a sensor, such as proximity sensor 166, accelerometer(s) 168, and/or microphone 113 (through audio circuitry 110). Information that peripherals interface 118 receives from I/O subsystem 106 includes information from touch-sensitive display 112 or a touch-sensitive surface.
In some embodiments, event monitor 171 sends requests to the peripherals interface 118 at predetermined intervals. In response, peripherals interface 118 transmits event information. In other embodiments, peripheral interface 118 transmits event information only when there is a significant event (e.g., receiving an input above a predetermined noise threshold and/or for more than a predetermined duration).
In some embodiments, event sorter 170 also includes a hit view determination module 172 and/or an active event recognizer determination module 173.
Hit view determination module 172 provides software procedures for determining where a sub-event has taken place within one or more views, when touch sensitive display 112 displays more than one view. Views are made up of controls and other elements that a user can see on the display.
Another aspect of the user interface associated with an application is a set of views, sometimes herein called application views or user interface windows, in which information is displayed and touch-based gestures occur. The application views (of a respective application) in which a touch is detected optionally correspond to programmatic levels within a programmatic or view hierarchy of the application. For example, the lowest level view in which a touch is detected is, optionally, called the hit view, and the set of events that are recognized as proper inputs are, optionally, determined based, at least in part, on the hit view of the initial touch that begins a touch-based gesture.
Hit view determination module 172 receives information related to sub-events of a touch-based gesture. When an application has multiple views organized in a hierarchy, hit view determination module 172 identifies a hit view as the lowest view in the hierarchy which should handle the sub-event. In most circumstances, the hit view is the lowest level view in which an initiating sub-event occurs (i.e., the first sub-event in the sequence of sub-events that form an event or potential event). Once the hit view is identified by the hit view determination module, the hit view typically receives all sub-events related to the same touch or input source for which it was identified as the hit view.
Active event recognizer determination module 173 determines which view or views within a view hierarchy should receive a particular sequence of sub-events. In some embodiments, active event recognizer determination module 173 determines that only the hit view should receive a particular sequence of sub-events. In other embodiments, active event recognizer determination module 173 determines that all views that include the physical location of a sub-event are actively involved views, and therefore determines that all actively involved views should receive a particular sequence of sub-events. In other embodiments, even if touch sub-events were entirely confined to the area associated with one particular view, views higher in the hierarchy would still remain as actively involved views.
Event dispatcher module 174 dispatches the event information to an event recognizer (e.g., event recognizer 180). In embodiments including active event recognizer determination module 173, event dispatcher module 174 delivers the event information to an event recognizer determined by active event recognizer determination module 173. In some embodiments, event dispatcher module 174 stores in an event queue the event information, which is retrieved by a respective event receiver module 182.
In some embodiments, operating system 126 includes event sorter 170. Alternatively, application 136-1 includes event sorter 170. In yet other embodiments, event sorter 170 is a stand-alone module, or a part of another module stored in memory 102, such as contact/motion module 130.
In some embodiments, application 136-1 includes a plurality of event handlers 190 and one or more application views 191, each of which includes instructions for handling touch events that occur within a respective view of the application's user interface. Each application view 191 of the application 136-1 includes one or more event recognizers 180. Typically, a respective application view 191 includes a plurality of event recognizers 180. In other embodiments, one or more of event recognizers 180 are part of a separate module, such as a user interface kit (not shown) or a higher level object from which application 136-1 inherits methods and other properties. In some embodiments, a respective event handler 190 includes one or more of: data updater 176, object updater 177, GUI updater 178, and/or event data 179 received from event sorter 170. Event handler 190 optionally utilizes or calls data updater 176, object updater 177 or GUI updater 178 to update the application internal state 192. Alternatively, one or more of the application views 191 includes one or more respective event handlers 190. Also, in some embodiments, one or more of data updater 176, object updater 177, and GUI updater 178 are included in a respective application view 191.
A respective event recognizer 180 receives event information (e.g., event data 179) from event sorter 170, and identifies an event from the event information. Event recognizer 180 includes event receiver 182 and event comparator 184. In some embodiments, event recognizer 180 also includes at least a subset of: metadata 183, and event delivery instructions 188 (which optionally include sub-event delivery instructions).
Event receiver 182 receives event information from event sorter 170. The event information includes information about a sub-event, for example, a touch or a touch movement. Depending on the sub-event, the event information also includes additional information, such as location of the sub-event. When the sub-event concerns motion of a touch, the event information optionally also includes speed and direction of the sub-event. In some embodiments, events include rotation of the device from one orientation to another (e.g., from a portrait orientation to a landscape orientation, or vice versa), and the event information includes corresponding information about the current orientation (also called device attitude) of the device.
Event comparator 184 compares the event information to predefined event or sub-event definitions and, based on the comparison, determines an event or sub-event, or determines or updates the state of an event or sub-event. In some embodiments, event comparator 184 includes event definitions 186. Event definitions 186 contain definitions of events (e.g., predefined sequences of sub-events), for example, event 1 (187-1), event 2 (187-2), and others. In some embodiments, sub-events in an event 187 include, for example, touch begin, touch end, touch movement, touch cancellation, and multiple touching. In one example, the definition for event 1 (187-1) is a double tap on a displayed object. The double tap, for example, comprises a first touch (touch begin) on the displayed object for a predetermined phase, a first lift-off (touch end) for a predetermined phase, a second touch (touch begin) on the displayed object for a predetermined phase, and a second lift-off (touch end) for a predetermined phase. In another example, the definition for event 2 (187-2) is a dragging on a displayed object. The dragging, for example, comprises a touch (or contact) on the displayed object for a predetermined phase, a movement of the touch across touch-sensitive display 112, and lift-off of the touch (touch end). In some embodiments, the event also includes information for one or more associated event handlers 190.
In some embodiments, event definition 187 includes a definition of an event for a respective user-interface object. In some embodiments, event comparator 184 performs a hit test to determine which user-interface object is associated with a sub-event. For example, in an application view in which three user-interface objects are displayed on touch-sensitive display 112, when a touch is detected on touch-sensitive display 112, event comparator 184 performs a hit test to determine which of the three user-interface objects is associated with the touch (sub-event). If each displayed object is associated with a respective event handler 190, the event comparator uses the result of the hit test to determine which event handler 190 should be activated. For example, event comparator 184 selects an event handler associated with the sub-event and the object triggering the hit test.
In some embodiments, the definition for a respective event 187 also includes delayed actions that delay delivery of the event information until after it has been determined whether the sequence of sub-events does or does not correspond to the event recognizer's event type.
When a respective event recognizer 180 determines that the series of sub-events do not match any of the events in event definitions 186, the respective event recognizer 180 enters an event impossible, event failed, or event ended state, after which it disregards subsequent sub-events of the touch-based gesture. In this situation, other event recognizers, if any, that remain active for the hit view continue to track and process sub-events of an ongoing touch-based gesture.
In some embodiments, a respective event recognizer 180 includes metadata 183 with configurable properties, flags, and/or lists that indicate how the event delivery system should perform sub-event delivery to actively involved event recognizers. In some embodiments, metadata 183 includes configurable properties, flags, and/or lists that indicate how event recognizers interact, or are enabled to interact, with one another. In some embodiments, metadata 183 includes configurable properties, flags, and/or lists that indicate whether sub-events are delivered to varying levels in the view or programmatic hierarchy.
In some embodiments, a respective event recognizer 180 activates event handler 190 associated with an event when one or more particular sub-events of an event are recognized. In some embodiments, a respective event recognizer 180 delivers event information associated with the event to event handler 190. Activating an event handler 190 is distinct from sending (and deferred sending) sub-events to a respective hit view. In some embodiments, event recognizer 180 throws a flag associated with the recognized event, and event handler 190 associated with the flag catches the flag and performs a predefined process.
In some embodiments, event delivery instructions 188 include sub-event delivery instructions that deliver event information about a sub-event without activating an event handler. Instead, the sub-event delivery instructions deliver event information to event handlers associated with the series of sub-events or to actively involved views. Event handlers associated with the series of sub-events or with actively involved views receive the event information and perform a predetermined process.
In some embodiments, data updater 176 creates and updates data used in application 136-1. For example, data updater 176 updates the telephone number used in contacts module 137, or stores a video file used in video player module 145. In some embodiments, object updater 177 creates and updates objects used in application 136-1. For example, object updater 176 creates a new user-interface object or updates the position of a user-interface object. GUI updater 178 updates the GUI. For example, GUI updater 178 prepares display information and sends it to graphics module 132 for display on a touch-sensitive display.
In some embodiments, event handler(s) 190 includes or has access to data updater 176, object updater 177, and GUI updater 178. In some embodiments, data updater 176, object updater 177, and GUI updater 178 are included in a single module of a respective application 136-1 or application view 191. In other embodiments, they are included in two or more software modules.
It shall be understood that the foregoing discussion regarding event handling of user touches on touch-sensitive displays also applies to other forms of user inputs to operate multifunction devices 100 with input-devices, not all of which are initiated on touch screens. For example, mouse movement and mouse button presses, optionally coordinated with single or multiple keyboard presses or holds; contact movements such as taps, drags, scrolls, etc., on touch-pads; pen stylus inputs; movement of the device; oral instructions; detected eye movements; biometric inputs; and/or any combination thereof are optionally utilized as inputs corresponding to sub-events which define an event to be recognized.
Device 100 optionally also includes one or more physical buttons, such as “home” or menu button 204. As described previously, menu button 204 is, optionally, used to navigate to any application 136 in a set of applications that are, optionally executed on device 100. Alternatively, in some embodiments, the menu button is implemented as a soft key in a GUI displayed on touch screen 112.
In one embodiment, device 100 includes touch screen 112, menu button 204, push button 206 for powering the device on/off and locking the device, volume adjustment button(s) 208, Subscriber Identity Module (SIM) card slot 210, head set jack 212, and docking/charging external port 124. Push button 206 is, optionally, used to turn the power on/off on the device by depressing the button and holding the button in the depressed state for a predefined time interval; to lock the device by depressing the button and releasing the button before the predefined time interval has elapsed; and/or to unlock the device or initiate an unlock process. In an alternative embodiment, device 100 also accepts verbal input for activation or deactivation of some functions through microphone 113. Device 100 also, optionally, includes one or more contact intensity sensors 165 for detecting intensity of contacts on touch screen 112 and/or one or more tactile output generators 167 for generating tactile outputs for a user of device 100.
Each of the above identified elements in
Attention is now directed towards embodiments of user interfaces (“UI”) that is, optionally, implemented on portable multifunction device 100.
-
- Signal strength indicator(s) 402 for wireless communication(s), such as cellular and Wi-Fi signals;
- Time 404;
- Bluetooth indicator 405;
- Battery status indicator 406;
- Tray 408 with icons for frequently used applications, such as:
- Icon 416 for telephone module 138, labeled “Phone,” which optionally includes an indicator 414 of the number of missed calls or voicemail messages;
- Icon 418 for e-mail client module 140, labeled “Mail,” which optionally includes an indicator 410 of the number of unread e-mails;
- Icon 420 for browser module 147, labeled “Browser;” and
- Icon 422 for video and music player module 152, also referred to as iPod (trademark of Apple Inc.) module 152, labeled “iPod;” and
- Icons for other applications, such as:
- Icon 424 for IM module 141, labeled “Text;”
- Icon 426 for calendar module 148, labeled “Calendar;”
- Icon 428 for image management module 144, labeled “Photos;”
- Icon 430 for camera module 143, labeled “Camera;”
- Icon 432 for online video module 155, labeled “Online Video”
- Icon 434 for stocks widget 149-2, labeled “Stocks;”
- Icon 436 for map module 154, labeled “Map;”
- Icon 438 for weather widget 149-1, labeled “Weather;”
- Icon 440 for alarm clock widget 149-4, labeled “Clock;”
- Icon 442 for workout support module 142, labeled “Workout Support;”
- Icon 444 for notes module 153, labeled “Notes;” and
- Icon 446 for a settings application or module, which provides access to settings for device 100 and its various applications 136.
It should be noted that the icon labels illustrated in
Although some of the examples which follow will be given with reference to inputs on touch screen display 112 (where the touch sensitive surface and the display are combined), in some embodiments, the device detects inputs on a touch-sensitive surface that is separate from the display, as shown in
Additionally, while the following examples are given primarily with reference to finger inputs (e.g., finger contacts, finger tap gestures, finger swipe gestures), it should be understood that, in some embodiments, one or more of the finger inputs are replaced with input from another input device (e.g., a mouse based input or stylus input). For example, a swipe gesture is, optionally, replaced with a mouse click (e.g., instead of a contact) followed by movement of the cursor along the path of the swipe (e.g., instead of movement of the contact). As another example, a tap gesture is, optionally, replaced with a mouse click while the cursor is located over the location of the tap gesture (e.g., instead of detection of the contact followed by ceasing to detect the contact). Similarly, when multiple user inputs are simultaneously detected, it should be understood that multiple computer mice are, optionally, used simultaneously, or a mouse and finger contacts are, optionally, used simultaneously.
As used herein, the term “focus selector” refers to an input element that indicates a current part of a user interface with which a user is interacting. In some implementations that include a cursor or other location marker, the cursor acts as a “focus selector,” so that when an input (e.g., a press input) is detected on a touch-sensitive surface (e.g., touchpad 355 in
The user interface figures described below include various intensity diagrams that show the current intensity of the contact on the touch-sensitive surface relative to one or more intensity thresholds (e.g., a contact detection intensity threshold IT0, a light press intensity threshold ITL, a deep press intensity threshold ITD, and/or one or more other intensity thresholds). This intensity diagram is typically not part of the displayed user interface, but is provided to aid in the interpretation of the figures. In some embodiments, the light press intensity threshold corresponds to an intensity at which the device will perform operations typically associated with clicking a button of a physical mouse or a trackpad. In some embodiments, the deep press intensity threshold corresponds to an intensity at which the device will perform operations that are different from operations typically associated with clicking a button of a physical mouse or a trackpad. In some embodiments, when a contact is detected with an intensity below the light press intensity threshold (e.g., and above a nominal contact-detection intensity threshold IT0 below which the contact is no longer detected), the device will move a focus selector in accordance with movement of the contact on the touch-sensitive surface without performing an operation associated with the light press intensity threshold or the deep press intensity threshold. Generally, unless otherwise stated, these intensity thresholds are consistent between different sets of user interface figures.
An increase of intensity of the contact from an intensity below the light press intensity threshold ITL to an intensity between the light press intensity threshold ITL and the deep press intensity threshold ITD is sometimes referred to as a “light press” input. An increase of intensity of the contact from an intensity below the deep press intensity threshold ITD to an intensity above the deep press intensity threshold ITD is sometimes referred to as a “deep press” input. An increase of intensity of the contact from an intensity below the contact-detection intensity threshold IT0 to an intensity between the contact-detection intensity threshold IT0 and the light press intensity threshold ITL is sometimes referred to as detecting the contact on the touch-surface. A decrease of intensity of the contact from an intensity above the contact-detection intensity threshold IT0 to an intensity below the contact intensity threshold IT0 is sometimes referred to as detecting liftoff of the contact from the touch-surface. In some embodiments IT0 is zero. In some embodiments IT0 is greater than zero. In some illustrations a shaded circle or oval is used to represent intensity of a contact on the touch-sensitive surface. In some illustrations a circle or oval without shading is used represent a respective contact on the touch-sensitive surface without specifying the intensity of the respective contact.
In some embodiments described herein, one or more operations are performed in response to detecting a gesture that includes a respective press input or in response to detecting the respective press input performed with a respective contact (or a plurality of contacts), where the respective press input is detected based at least in part on detecting an increase in intensity of the contact (or plurality of contacts) above a press-input intensity threshold. In some embodiments, the respective operation is performed in response to detecting the increase in intensity of the respective contact above the press-input intensity threshold (e.g., a “down stroke” of the respective press input). In some embodiments, the press input includes an increase in intensity of the respective contact above the press-input intensity threshold and a subsequent decrease in intensity of the contact below the press-input intensity threshold, and the respective operation is performed in response to detecting the subsequent decrease in intensity of the respective contact below the press-input threshold (e.g., an “up stroke” of the respective press input).
In some embodiments, the device employs intensity hysteresis to avoid accidental inputs sometimes termed “jitter,” where the device defines or selects a hysteresis intensity threshold with a predefined relationship to the press-input intensity threshold (e.g., the hysteresis intensity threshold is X intensity units lower than the press-input intensity threshold or the hysteresis intensity threshold is 75%, 90% or some reasonable proportion of the press-input intensity threshold). Thus, in some embodiments, the press input includes an increase in intensity of the respective contact above the press-input intensity threshold and a subsequent decrease in intensity of the contact below the hysteresis intensity threshold that corresponds to the press-input intensity threshold, and the respective operation is performed in response to detecting the subsequent decrease in intensity of the respective contact below the hysteresis intensity threshold (e.g., an “up stroke” of the respective press input). Similarly, in some embodiments, the press input is detected only when the device detects an increase in intensity of the contact from an intensity at or below the hysteresis intensity threshold to an intensity at or above the press-input intensity threshold and, optionally, a subsequent decrease in intensity of the contact to an intensity at or below the hysteresis intensity, and the respective operation is performed in response to detecting the press input (e.g., the increase in intensity of the contact or the decrease in intensity of the contact, depending on the circumstances).
For ease of explanation, the description of operations performed in response to a press input associated with a press-input intensity threshold or in response to a gesture including the press input are, optionally, triggered in response to detecting either: an increase in intensity of a contact above the press-input intensity threshold, an increase in intensity of a contact from an intensity below the hysteresis intensity threshold to an intensity above the press-input intensity threshold, a decrease in intensity of the contact below the press-input intensity threshold, and/or a decrease in intensity of the contact below the hysteresis intensity threshold corresponding to the press-input intensity threshold. Additionally, in examples where an operation is described as being performed in response to detecting a decrease in intensity of a contact below the press-input intensity threshold, the operation is, optionally, performed in response to detecting a decrease in intensity of the contact below a hysteresis intensity threshold corresponding to, and lower than, the press-input intensity threshold.
USER INTERFACES AND ASSOCIATED PROCESSES Conditionally Providing Tactile Feedback Corresponding to Subdivisions of a User Interface ObjectMany electronic devices have graphical user interfaces that display a plurality of user interface object at the same time. For example, a graphical user interface will, in some circumstances, simultaneously display any combination of multiple blocks of text, web browsers, menus, application windows, toolbars, status bars and the like, providing the user with a large number of potential inputs and functionalities. Moreover, many of these user interface objects will have a number of selectable or activatable user interface objects displayed therein, e.g., subdivisions of the larger user interface object. Given the complexity of a user interface environment that arises from displaying multiple user interface objects having a number of functional subdivisions displayed therein, there is a need to provide feedback that enables the user to more efficiently and conveniently navigate through the user interface environment.
The embodiments described below provide improved methods and user interfaces for generating feedback to a user navigating a complex user interface. More specifically, these methods and user interfaces provide tactile feedback to the user when a focus selector moves over a user interface object. The tactile feedback allows the user to more efficiently discern between subdivisions of a user interface object, instead of or in addition to audible and/or visual feedback. For example, existing methods for selecting a sub-set of text within a larger block of text requires the user drag a focus selector over the text, causing a change in the visual appearance of individual words, letters and/or spaces selected. These approaches only provide visual confirmation that the desired sub-set of text has been selected prior to further manipulation (e.g., copying, editing, deleting, pasting or formatting). Advantageously, the methods and user interfaces described below improve upon this visual feedback by providing tactile feedback indicating that the user has scrolled over or selected a particular subdivision (e.g., individual words, letters or spaces) of the larger user interface object (e.g., a block of text).
Moreover, the methods and user interfaces described below allow the tactile feedback to be conditional upon a particular action performed by the user. That is, the tactile outputs are, optionally, selectively quieted, as desired. For example, when scrolling over or selecting a large sub-set of text, the tactile output are, optionally, conditionally suppressed when the focus selector is moved rapidly over the text, when the user does not require a high level of feedback from the user interface, and then generated again when the focus selector is moved more slowly. In this fashion, the user is provided additional feedback when trying to determine the precise endpoint of the desired text, providing increased productivity and an overall more efficient user experience. Although exemplified by the selection of a sub-set of text, the methods and user interfaces described below are useful for improving a user's efficiency when working with any number of user interface objects and subdivisions thereof. For example, web browsers displaying multiple hyperlinks, directory menus displaying multiple folders, application icons and/or application icons, and spreadsheets containing multiple individual cells.
In some embodiments, the device is an electronic device with a separate display (e.g., display 450) and a separate touch-sensitive surface (e.g., touch-sensitive surface 451). In some embodiments, the device is portable multifunction device 100, the display is touch-sensitive display system 112, and the touch-sensitive surface includes tactile output generators 167 on the display (
In some embodiments, as illustrated in
In some embodiments, as illustrated in
In some embodiments, as illustrated in
In some embodiments, illustrated in
In some embodiments where tactile outputs are generated for different types of boundaries (e.g., boundaries of user interface objects, boundaries of the first class of subdivisions and boundaries of the second class of subdivisions), the tactile outputs generated for a first type of boundary are different from the tactile outputs generated for a second type of boundary. For example, in
In some embodiments, as illustrated in
In some embodiments, as illustrated in
In some embodiments, as illustrated in
As described below, the method 8800 provides an intuitive way to provide feedback when a focus selector moves over a user interface object. The method reduces the cognitive burden on a user when detecting feedback when a focus selector moves over a user interface object, thereby creating a more efficient human-machine interface. For battery-operated electronic devices, enabling a user to detect feedback when a focus selector moves over a user interface object faster and more efficiently conserves power and increases the time between battery charges.
In some embodiments, the device displays (8802) a plurality of user interface objects (e.g., first user interface object 8702 and second user interface object 8704 in
In some embodiments, the plurality of user interface objects include (8804) application windows and the subdivisions of the respective user interface object include selectable affordances within the application windows (e.g., hyperlinks, folders, controls, document icons), as shown in
In some embodiments, while the device displays the user interface objects, the device detects (8812) movement of a contact (e.g., contact 8710 in
In some embodiments, in response (8814) to detecting the movement of the contact: in accordance with a determination that output criteria have been met, the device generates (8816) tactile outputs (e.g., tactile outputs 8714 in
In some embodiments, the output criteria include (8818) a criterion that the focus selector has a velocity that is below a respective velocity threshold when the focus selector moves over the respective user interface object. In some embodiments, if the focus selector moves quickly over a row of text, tactile outputs are generated at the beginning of paragraphs but not for individual sentences, words, and/or letters, whereas if the focus selector moves slowly over the row of text, tactile outputs are generated for the beginnings of paragraphs, as well as for individual sentences, words and/or individual letters. In some embodiments, if the focus selector moves quickly over a row of text, tactile outputs are generated at the beginning of sentences but not for individual words and/or letters, whereas if the focus selector moves slowly over the row of text, tactile outputs are generated for the beginnings of sentences, as well as for individual words and/or letters. In some embodiments, if the focus selector moves quickly over a row of text, tactile outputs are generated at the beginning of words but not for individual letters, whereas if the focus selector moves slowly over the row of text, tactile outputs are generated for the beginnings of words and also for individual letters.
In some embodiments, the output criteria include (8820) a criterion that the contact has an intensity above a respective intensity threshold when the focus selector moves over the respective user interface object. In some embodiments, if the focus selector moves over a row of text while the user is pressing down lightly with the contact, tactile outputs are generated at the beginning of paragraphs but not for individual sentences, words, and/or letters, whereas if the focus selector moves over the row of text while the user is pressing down hard with the contact, tactile outputs are generated for the beginnings of paragraphs, as well as for individual sentences, words and/or individual letters. In some embodiments, if the focus selector moves over a row of text while the user is pressing down lightly with the contact, tactile outputs are generated at the beginning of sentences but not for individual words and/or letters, whereas if the focus selector moves over the row of text while the user is pressing down hard with the contact, tactile outputs are generated for the beginnings of sentences, as well as for individual words and/or letters. In some embodiments, if the focus selector moves over a row of text while the user is pressing down lightly with the contact, tactile outputs are generated at the beginning of words but not for individual letters, whereas if the focus selector moves over the row of text while the user is pressing down hard with the contact, tactile outputs are generated for the beginnings of words and also for individual letters.
In some embodiments, the output criteria include (8822) a criterion that the contact has an intensity below a respective intensity threshold when the focus selector moves over the respective user interface object. In some embodiments, if the focus selector moves over a row of text while the user is pressing down hard with the contact, tactile outputs are generated at the beginning of paragraphs but not for individual sentences, words, and/or letters, whereas if the focus selector moves over the row of text while the user is pressing down lightly with the contact, tactile outputs are generated for the beginnings of paragraphs, as well as for individual sentences, words and/or individual letters. In some embodiments, if the focus selector moves over a row of text while the user is pressing down hard with the contact, tactile outputs are generated at the beginning of sentences but not for individual words and/or letters, whereas if the focus selector moves over the row of text while the user is pressing down lightly with the contact, tactile outputs are generated for the beginnings of sentences, as well as for individual words and/or letters. In some embodiments, if the focus selector moves over a row of text while the user is pressing down hard with the contact, tactile outputs are generated at the beginning of words but not for individual letters, whereas if the focus selector moves over the row of text while the user is pressing down lightly with the contact, tactile outputs are generated for the beginnings of words and also for individual letters.
In some embodiments, the output criteria include (8824) a criterion that the respective user interface object is displayed in an active window in the user interface. In some embodiments the output criteria include a criterion that the respective user interface object is displayed in an active window in the user interface. For example, if the focus selector moves over a row of text of a background window, tactile outputs are generated at the beginning of words but not for individual letters or no tactile outputs are generated, whereas if the focus selector moves over a row of text of the active window, tactile outputs are generated for the beginnings of words and, in some embodiments, also for individual letters. In some embodiments, as illustrated in
In response (8814) to detecting the movement of the contact: in accordance with a determination that the output criteria have not been met, the device generates (8826) tactile outputs (e.g., tactile outputs 8714 in
In some embodiments, a respective user interface object of the plurality of user interface objects includes (8836) a hierarchy of subdivisions, including a level corresponding to a first class of subdivisions (e.g., first user interface object first class subdivisions 8702-1 and 8702-2 corresponding to words in paragraph 8702 and second user interface object first class subdivisions 8704-1 and 8704-2 corresponding to words in paragraph 8704 in
In some embodiments, in response (8814) to detecting the movement of the contact: in accordance with a determination that first output criteria have been met, the device generates (8838) tactile outputs (e.g., tactile outputs 8722-1a, 8722-2a, 8724-1a and 8724-2a in
In some embodiments, in response (8814) to detecting the movement of the contact: in accordance with a determination that second output criteria have been met (optionally, in addition to a determination that the first output criteria have been met), the device generates (8840) tactile outputs (e.g., tactile outputs 8722-1a, 8722-2a, 8724-1a and 8724-2a in
It should be understood that the particular order in which the operations in
In accordance with some embodiments,
As shown in
In some embodiments, the processing unit 8908 is configured to enable display (e.g., with the display enabling unit 8909) of a plurality of user interface objects on the display unit 8902, where each of the plurality of user interface objects includes a plurality of subdivisions. In some embodiments, the processing unit 8908 is further configured to detect movement of a contact on the touch-sensitive surface that corresponds to movement of a focus selector over a respective user interface object in the plurality of user interface objects (e.g., with the detecting unit 8910); and in response to detecting the movement of the contact: in accordance with a determination that output criteria have been met, the processing unit 8908 is configured to generate tactile outputs (e.g., with the generating unit 8912) that correspond to a respective boundary of the respective user interface object and subdivisions of the respective user interface object; and in accordance with a determination that the output criteria have not been met, the processing unit 8908 is configured to generate tactile outputs (e.g., with the generating unit 8912) that correspond to the respective boundary of the respective user interface object without generating tactile outputs that correspond to the subdivisions of the respective user interface object.
In some embodiments, the output criteria include a criterion that the focus selector has a velocity that is below a respective velocity threshold when the focus selector moves over the respective user interface object.
In some embodiments, the output criteria include a criterion that the contact has an intensity above a respective intensity threshold when the focus selector moves over the respective user interface object.
In some embodiments, the output criteria include a criterion that the contact has an intensity below a respective intensity threshold when the focus selector moves over the respective user interface object.
In some embodiments, the output criteria include a criterion that the respective user interface object is displayed in an active window in the user interface.
In some embodiments, the plurality of user interface objects include application windows and the subdivisions of the respective user interface object include selectable affordances within the application windows.
In some embodiments, the plurality of user interface objects are paragraphs, and the subdivisions are words.
In some embodiments, the plurality of user interface objects are sentences, and the subdivisions are words.
In some embodiments, the plurality of user interface objects are words, and the subdivisions are letters.
In some embodiments, a respective user interface object of the plurality of user interface objects includes a hierarchy of subdivisions, including a level corresponding to a first class of subdivisions and a level corresponding to a second class of subdivisions. In some of these embodiments, in response to detecting the movement of the contact: in accordance with a determination that first output criteria have been met, the processing unit 8908 is configured to generate tactile outputs (e.g., with the generating unit 8912) corresponding to subdivisions in the first class of subdivisions without generating tactile outputs corresponding to subdivisions in the second class of subdivisions; and in accordance with a determination that second output criteria have been met, the processing unit 8908 is configured to generate tactile outputs (e.g., with the generating unit 8912) corresponding to subdivisions in the first class of subdivisions and generate tactile outputs (e.g., with the generating unit 8912) corresponding to subdivisions in the second class of subdivisions.
The operations in the information processing methods described above are, optionally implemented by running one or more functional modules in information processing apparatus such as general purpose processors (e.g., as described above with respect to
The operations described above with reference to
Many electronic devices have graphical user interfaces that display user interface objects that can be activated in response to a user input (e.g., by clicking or scrolling over the object). For example, a graphical user interface optionally displays an application window containing a button, hyperlink, document launch icon, application launch icon, menu or other selectable affordance associated with a particular action (e.g., launching an application, loading content associated with a hyperlink or manipulating an object within an application). Typically, a user accesses the activatable content by first selecting the appropriate user interface object (e.g., via moving a focus selector over the object) and secondly activating the user interface object (e.g., via “clicking” on the object). Given the complexity of a user interface environment containing multiple user interface objects associated with activatable content, there is a need to provide feedback that enables the user to more efficiently and conveniently navigate through the user interface environment.
The embodiments described below provide improved methods and user interfaces for providing feedback to a user navigating a complex user interface environment. More specifically, these methods and user interfaces provide different tactile feedback to the user when a focus selector moves over a respective user interface object than when the user subsequently activates the respective user interface object. The tactile feedback distinguishes between these two actions by providing physical cues that feel different to the user. In this fashion, the methods and user interfaces provided below allow the user to more efficiently and conveniently discern between these two actions by providing tactile feedback, instead of or in addition to audible and/or visual feedback. Some methods for distinguishing between the selection and activation of a user interface object rely on an audible or visual cue. However, there are many situations (e.g., at work, in a theatre and in various social situations) where the volume of an electronic device will be lowered or muted, rendering audible cues ineffective. Advantageously, the methods and user interfaces described below augment or replace audible feedback by providing tactile feedback indicating that a user interface object has been selected and/or activated.
In some embodiments, the device is an electronic device with a separate display (e.g., display 450) and a separate touch-sensitive surface (e.g., touch-sensitive surface 451). In some embodiments, the device is portable multifunction device 100, the display is touch-sensitive display system 112, and the touch-sensitive surface includes tactile output generators 167 on the display (
As described above, tactile outputs are, optionally, generated for a selection of a user interface object and an activation of a user interface object.
As described below, the method 9100 provides an intuitive way to provide feedback when interacting with a user interface object. The method reduces the cognitive burden on a user when detecting feedback when interacting with a user interface object, thereby creating a more efficient human-machine interface. For battery-operated electronic devices, enabling a user to detect feedback when interacting with a user interface object faster and more efficiently conserves power and increases the time between battery charges.
In some embodiments, the device displays (9102) one or more interface objects (e.g., user interface objects 9004 including one or more of the affordances, controls, buttons or hyperlinks displayed in application window 9002) on a display (e.g., display 450 in
In some embodiments, while the device displays the user interface objects, the device detects (9104) a contact (e.g., contact 9010) on a touch-sensitive surface (e.g., touch sensitive surface 451), where the contact corresponds to a focus selector (e.g., cursor 9006) on a display (e.g., display 450). In some embodiments, the contact is a finger contact. In some embodiments, the contact is the focus selector (e.g., when the device has a touch screen, the focus selector is, optionally, contact 9010). In some embodiments, the contact corresponds to a cursor or selection box that is displayed on the display.
In some embodiments, while the device displays the user interface objects, the device detects (9106) a gesture based on input from the contact (e.g., movement 9012 of contact 9010 in
In some embodiments, in response (9108) to detecting the gesture: in accordance with a determination that the gesture corresponds to movement of the focus selector over a respective user interface object (e.g., navigation button 9004-1) without activating the respective user interface object (e.g., moving a mouse cursor over a button without activating the button), the device generates (9110) a first tactile output (e.g., tactile output 9014 in
In response (9108) to detecting the gesture: in accordance with a determination that the gesture corresponds to an increase of intensity of the contact above an activation intensity threshold (e.g., light press intensity threshold “ITL”) while the focus selector is over the respective user interface object, the device generates (9112) a second tactile output (e.g., tactile output 9018 in
In some embodiments, in response (9108) to detecting the gesture: in accordance with a determination that the gesture corresponds to an increase of intensity of the contact above an activation intensity threshold (e.g., light press intensity threshold “ITL”) while the focus selector is over the respective user interface object, the device activates (9114) the respective user interface object (e.g., loads content associated with a hyperlink embedded with navigation button 9004-1, as illustrated in
In some embodiments, the first tactile output is generated (9116) by movement of the touch-sensitive surface that includes a first dominant movement component, the second tactile output is generated by movement of the touch-sensitive surface that includes a second dominant movement component, and the first dominant movement component and the second dominant movement component have substantially a same amplitude (e.g., high amplitude “AH” in
In some embodiments, the first tactile output is generated (9118) by movement of the touch-sensitive surface that includes a first dominant movement component, the second tactile output is generated by movement of the touch-sensitive surface that includes a second dominant movement component, and the first dominant movement component and the second dominant movement component have a substantially same movement profile (e.g., square waveform 9016 in
It should be understood that the particular order in which the operations in
In accordance with some embodiments,
As shown in
In some embodiments, the processing unit 9208 is configured to enable display (e.g., with the display enabling unit 9210) of one or more user interface objects on display unit 9202. In some embodiments, the processing unit 9208 is configured to detect a contact on the touch-sensitive surface unit 9204 (e.g., with detecting unit 9212), where the contact corresponds to a focus selector on display unit 9202. In some embodiments, the processing unit 9208 is further configured to detect a gesture based on input from the contact (e.g., with detecting unit 9212); and in response to detecting the gesture: in accordance with a determination that the gesture corresponds to movement of the focus selector over a respective user interface object of the one or more user interface objects without activating the respective user interface object, the processing unit 9208 is configured to generate a first tactile output on the touch-sensitive surface unit 9204 that corresponds to movement of the focus selector over the respective user interface object (e.g., with the generating unit 9214); and in accordance with a determination that the gesture corresponds to an increase of intensity of the contact above an activation intensity threshold while the focus selector is over the respective user interface object, the processing unit 9208 is configured to generate a second tactile output on the touch-sensitive surface unit 9204 that corresponds to activation of the respective user interface object, where the second tactile output is different from the first tactile output (e.g., with the generating unit 9214).
In some embodiments, the processing unit 9208 is further configured to, in accordance with a determination that the gesture corresponds to an increase of intensity of the contact above an activation intensity threshold (e.g., ITL) while the focus selector is over the respective user interface object, activate the respective user interface object (e.g., with the activating unit 9216).
In some embodiments, the first tactile output is generated by movement of the touch-sensitive surface unit 9204 that includes a first dominant movement component, the second tactile output is generated by movement of the touch-sensitive surface unit 9204 that includes a second dominant movement component, and the first dominant movement component and the second dominant movement component have a same amplitude and different movement profiles.
In some embodiments, the first tactile output is generated by movement of the touch-sensitive surface unit 9204 that includes a first dominant movement component, the second tactile output is generated by movement of the touch-sensitive surface unit 9204 that includes a second dominant movement component, and the first dominant movement component and the second dominant movement component have a same movement profile and different amplitudes.
The operations in the information processing methods described above are, optionally implemented by running one or more functional modules in information processing apparatus such as general purpose processors (e.g., as described above with respect to
The operations described above with reference to
Many electronic devices have graphical user interfaces that display application windows having separate regions for displaying content-independent affordances (e.g., affordances which are always displayed in the application window irrespective of the content displayed), e.g., “control regions,” and content-dependent affordances (e.g., affordances which are displayed in the application window only when a specific content is displayed), e.g., “content regions.” For example, a web browser window optionally includes a control region displaying affordances that perform an operation on content displayed in a content region (e.g., moving forward and backwards in the browser history, inputting a URL address or bookmarking a web page) without being dependent upon the content itself. Likewise, a web browser window optionally includes a content region displaying affordances that are integrated into the displayed content (e.g., a hyperlink, text box or drop-down menu) that are associated with the particular content being displayed (e.g., a web page). Given the complexity of a user interface environment where certain affordances displayed in an application window are content-independent and other affordances are content-dependent, there is a need to provide feedback that enables the user to more efficiently and conveniently navigate through the user interface environment.
The embodiments described below provide improved methods and user interfaces for generating feedback to a user navigating a complex user interface environment. More specifically, these methods and user interfaces provide different tactile feedback to the user when a focus selector moves over an affordance displayed in a control region and an affordance displayed in a content region of an application window. The tactile feedback distinguishes between these two actions by providing physical cues that feel different to the user. In this fashion, the methods and user interfaces provided below allow the user to more efficiently and conveniently discern the type of affordance selected by providing tactile feedback, instead of or in addition to audible and/or visual feedback. Some methods for distinguishing between the selection and activation of a user interface object rely on an audible or visual cue. However, there are many situations (e.g., at work, in a theatre and in various social situations) where the volume of an electronic device will be lowered or muted, rendering audible cues ineffective. Advantageously, the methods and user interfaces described below augment or replace audible feedback by providing tactile feedback indicating the type or location of an affordance displayed in an application window.
In some embodiments, the plurality of affordances in control region 9304 (e.g., affordances 9312 in
In some embodiments, the device is an electronic device with a separate display (e.g., display 450) and a separate touch-sensitive surface (e.g., touch-sensitive surface 451). In some embodiments, the device is portable multifunction device 100, the display is touch-sensitive display system 112, and the touch-sensitive surface includes tactile output generators 167 on the display (
As described above, tactile outputs are, optionally, generated for affordances located in a control region and a content region of a respective application window (e.g., web browser window 9302).
As described below, the method 9400 provides an intuitive way to provide feedback when a focus selector moves over a user interface object. The method reduces the cognitive burden on a user when detecting feedback when a focus selector moves over a user interface object, thereby creating a more efficient human-machine interface. For battery-operated electronic devices, enabling a user to detect feedback when a focus selector moves over a user interface object faster and more efficiently conserves power and increases the time between battery charges.
In some embodiments, the device displays (9402) an application window (e.g., web browser window 9302 in
In some embodiments, the content region displays (9408) content that includes one or more affordances (e.g., the hyperlinks shown in the webpage in content region 9306 including navigation button 9314-1 in
In some embodiments, while the device displays an application window that includes a control region and a content region distinct from the control region, the device detects (9410) a contact (e.g., contact 9318 in
In some embodiments, while the device displays an application window that includes a control region and a content region distinct from the control region, the device detects (9412) a gesture that includes movement of the contact across the touch-sensitive surface (e.g., movement 9320 of contact 9318 in
In some embodiments, in response (9414) to detecting the gesture: in accordance with a determination that the gesture corresponds to movement of the focus selector over a first affordance in the control region (e.g., icon 9312-a in control region 9304 in
In response (9414) to detecting the gesture: in accordance with a determination that the gesture corresponds to movement of the focus selector over a second affordance in the content region (e.g., navigation button 9314-1 in content region 9306 in
In some embodiments, the first tactile output is generated (9420) by movement of the touch-sensitive surface that includes a first dominant movement component, the second tactile output is generated by movement of the touch-sensitive surface that includes a second dominant movement component and the first dominant movement component and the second dominant movement component have a substantially same amplitude (e.g., high amplitude “AH” in
In some embodiments, the first tactile output is generated (9422) by movement of the touch-sensitive surface that includes a first dominant movement component, the second tactile output is generated by movement of the touch-sensitive surface that includes a second dominant movement component and the first dominant movement component and the second dominant movement component have substantially a same movement profile (e.g., square waveforms 9324 in
It should be understood that the particular order in which the operations in
In accordance with some embodiments,
As shown in
In some embodiments, the processing unit 9508 is configured to enable display (e.g., with the display enabling unit 9510) of an application window that includes a control region and a content region distinct from the control region on the display, where the control region includes a plurality of affordances for performing operations on content in the content region and the content region displays content that includes one or more affordances integrated into the content. In some embodiments, the processing unit 9508 is further configured to detect a contact on the touch-sensitive surface unit 9504 (e.g., with the detecting unit 9512). In some embodiments, the processing unit 9508 is further configured to detect a gesture that includes movement of the contact across the touch-sensitive surface unit 9504 (e.g., with the detecting unit 9512) that corresponds to movement of a focus selector on the display unit 9502 across the application window; and in response to detecting the gesture: in accordance with a determination that the gesture corresponds to movement of the focus selector over a first affordance in the control region, the processing unit 9508 is configured to generate a first tactile output on the touch-sensitive surface unit 9504 (e.g., with the generating unit 9514) that corresponds to movement of the focus selector over an affordance in the control region; and in accordance with a determination that the gesture corresponds to movement of the focus selector over a second affordance in the content region, the processing unit 9508 is configured to generate a second tactile output on the touch-sensitive surface unit 9504 (e.g., with the generating unit 9514) that corresponds to movement of the focus selector over an affordance in the content region, where the second tactile output is different from the first tactile output.
In some embodiments, the plurality of affordances in the control region includes multiple content-independent controls that are displayed in the control region of the application without regard to the content that is displayed in the content region.
In some embodiments, the first tactile output is generated by movement of the touch-sensitive surface unit 9504 that includes a first dominant movement component, the second tactile output is generated by movement of the touch-sensitive surface unit 9504 that includes a second dominant movement component and the first dominant movement component and the second dominant movement component have a same amplitude and different movement profiles.
In some embodiments, the first tactile output is generated by movement of the touch-sensitive surface unit 9504 that includes a first dominant movement component, the second tactile output is generated by movement of the touch-sensitive surface unit 9504 that includes a second dominant movement component and the first dominant movement component and the second dominant movement component have a same movement profile and different amplitudes.
The operations in the information processing methods described above are, optionally implemented by running one or more functional modules in information processing apparatus such as general purpose processors (e.g., as described above with respect to
The operations described above with reference to
Many electronic devices also change output levels of sensory properties of the device in response to the enablement of a setting or mode of the device. However, there are sometimes a large number of sensory properties to adjust and adjusting output levels of these sensory properties separately can be confusing and difficult for users. The embodiments below provide a more convenient and intuitive user interface by adjusting a tactile output level of a device in tandem with an adjustment of a volume level of the device. Subsequently, the device provides the adjusted tactile output level in response to detection of a plurality of inputs on a touch-sensitive surface. In some embodiments, the tactile output level changes in parallel with the volume level. In some embodiments, the tactile output level changes inversely to the volume level.
In some embodiments, the device is an electronic device with a separate display (e.g., display 450) and a separate touch-sensitive surface (e.g., touch-sensitive surface 451). In some embodiments, the device is portable multifunction device 100, the display is touch-sensitive display system 112, and the touch-sensitive surface includes tactile output generators 167 on the display (
In some embodiments, the request to adjust the volume of the device is received when a user depresses a physical button (e.g., a button for increasing or decreasing volume, or a rocker switch for adjusting the volume up or down depending on the direction in which it is depresses). In some embodiments, a request to adjust the volume of the device is received when the user makes a corresponding gesture on the touch sensitive surface 451, for example, when the user slides a displayed volume indicator (displayed on the display 450) in a direction corresponding to increased or decreased volume. In some embodiments, both modes of adjusting volume are available to the user.
As described below, the method 9700 provides an intuitive way to adjust a tactile output level in accordance with an adjustment of a volume level. The method reduces the cognitive burden on a user when adjusting a tactile output level in accordance with an adjustment of a volume level, thereby creating a more efficient human-machine interface. For battery-operated electronic devices, enabling a user to adjust a tactile output level in accordance with an adjustment of a volume level faster and more efficiently conserves power and increases the time between battery charges.
The device detects (9702) a first plurality of inputs on the touch-sensitive surface.
In response to detecting the first plurality of inputs, the device provides (9704) tactile feedback in accordance with a tactile output level of the device (e.g., the tactile output level corresponds to an average magnitude of tactile outputs, a magnitude of a reference tactile output generated by the device, or a magnitude of a maximum tactile output generated by the device).
The device receives (9706) a request to adjust a volume level (e.g., audio output level) of the device by a respective amount.
In response to the request (9708) to adjust the volume level, the device adjusts (9710) the volume level by the respective amount from a first non-zero volume level to a second non-zero volume level.
In response to the request (9708) to adjust the volume level, the device also adjusts (9712) the tactile output level of the device in accordance with the respective amount.
In some embodiments, adjusting the tactile output level of the device comprises adjusting (9713) the tactile output level of the device, in accordance with the respective amount, from a first non-zero tactile output level to a second non-zero tactile output level.
In some embodiments, a respective tactile output that corresponds to a respective input on the touch-sensitive surface is generated (9714) by movement of the touch-sensitive surface that includes a dominant movement component that has a movement profile (e.g., a waveform shape such as square, sine, squine, sawtooth or triangle; and/or width/period) and an amplitude (e.g., movement corresponding to the initial impulse, ignoring any unintended resonance). In some embodiments, in response to the request (9708) to adjust the volume level, adjusting the tactile output level of the device includes adjusting (9716) the amplitude of the respective tactile output that corresponds to the respective input on the touch-sensitive surface (e.g., increasing or decreasing the amplitude of the initial impulse of the respective tactile output).
In some embodiments, a respective tactile output that corresponds to a respective input on the touch-sensitive surface is generated (9714) by movement of the touch-sensitive surface that includes a dominant movement component that has a movement profile (e.g., a waveform shape such as square, sine, squine, sawtooth or triangle; and/or width/period) and an amplitude (e.g., movement corresponding to the initial impulse, ignoring any unintended resonance). In some embodiments, in response to the request (9708) to adjust the volume level, adjusting the tactile output level of the device includes adjusting (9718) the movement profile of the respective tactile output that corresponds to the respective input on the touch-sensitive surface (e.g., increasing or decreasing the width or shape of the initial impulse of the respective tactile output).
In some embodiments, in response to the request (9708) to adjust the volume level, adjusting the tactile output level of the device includes adjusting (9718) the movement profile of the respective tactile output that corresponds to the respective input on the touch-sensitive surface and further includes adjusting (9720) the amplitude of the respective tactile output that corresponds to the respective input on the touch-sensitive surface.
In some embodiments, in response to the request (9708) to adjust the volume level, in accordance with a determination that adjusting the volume level by the respective amount includes increasing the volume level, adjusting the tactile output level of the device includes increasing (9722) the tactile output level (e.g., the tactile output changes in tandem with the audio output). For example, when the audio output level is increased by 50% the tactile output level is increased by 50%.
In some embodiments, in response to the request (9708) to adjust the volume level, in accordance with a determination that adjusting the volume level by the respective amount includes decreasing the volume level, adjusting the tactile output level of the device includes decreasing (9724) the tactile output level (e.g., the tactile output changes in tandem with the audio output). For example, when the audio output level is decreased by 50% the tactile output level is decreased by 50%.
In some embodiments, in response to the request (9708) to adjust the volume level, in accordance with a determination that adjusting the volume level by the respective amount includes increasing the volume level, adjusting the tactile output level of the device includes decreasing (9726) the tactile output level (e.g., the increased audio output is a replacement for the decreased tactile output). For example, when the audio output level is increased by 50% the tactile output level is decreased by 50%.
In some embodiments, in response to the request (9708) to adjust the volume level, in accordance with a determination that adjusting the volume level by the respective amount includes decreasing the volume level, adjusting the tactile output level of the device includes increasing (9728) the tactile output level (e.g., the increased tactile output is a replacement for the decreased audio output). For example, when the audio output level is decreased by 50% the tactile output level is increased by 50%.
In some embodiments, after adjusting the tactile output level of the device, the device detects (9730) a second plurality of inputs on the touch-sensitive surface.
In some embodiments, in response to detecting the second plurality of inputs on the touch-sensitive surface, the device provides (9732) tactile feedback in accordance with the adjusted tactile output level.
It should be understood that the particular order in which the operations in
In accordance with some embodiments,
As shown in
The processing unit 9810 is configured to: detect (e.g., with the detecting unit 9812) a first plurality of inputs on the touch-sensitive surface unit 9804; in response to detecting the first plurality of inputs, provide (e.g., with the providing unit 9814) tactile feedback via tactile feedback unit 9806 in accordance with a tactile output level of the device; and receive (e.g., with the receiving unit 9816) a request to adjust a volume level of the device by a respective amount. The processing unit 9810 is further configured to, in response to the request to adjust the volume level: adjust (e.g., with adjusting the unit 9818) the volume level by the respective amount; and adjust (e.g., with the adjusting unit 9818) the tactile output level of the device in accordance with the respective amount.
In some embodiments, a respective tactile output that corresponds to a respective input on the touch-sensitive surface unit 9804 is generated by movement of the touch-sensitive surface unit 9804 that includes a dominant movement component that has a movement profile and an amplitude; adjusting the tactile output level of the device includes adjusting (e.g., with the adjusting unit 9818) the amplitude of the respective tactile output that corresponds to the respective input on the touch-sensitive surface unit 9804.
In some embodiments, a respective tactile output that corresponds to a respective input on the touch-sensitive surface unit 9804 is generated by movement of the touch-sensitive surface unit 9804 that includes a dominant movement component that has a movement profile and an amplitude; adjusting the tactile output level of the device includes adjusting (e.g., with the adjusting unit 9818) the movement profile of the respective tactile output that corresponds to the respective input on the touch-sensitive surface unit 9804.
In some embodiments, the processing unit 9810 is configured to adjust the tactile output level of the device by adjusting (e.g., with the adjusting unit 9818) the movement profile and the amplitude of the respective tactile output that corresponds to the respective input on the touch-sensitive surface unit 9804.
In some embodiments, after adjusting (e.g., with the adjusting unit 9818) the tactile output level of the device, the processing unit 9810 is configured to detect (e.g., with the detecting unit 9812) a second plurality of inputs on the touch-sensitive surface unit 9804; and in response to detecting the second plurality of inputs on the touch-sensitive surface unit 9804, provide (e.g., with the providing unit 9814) tactile feedback via tactile feedback unit 9806 in accordance with the adjusted tactile output level.
In some embodiments, the processing unit 9810 is configured to adjust (e.g., with the adjusting unit 9818) the output level of the device by: in accordance with a determination (e.g., with the determining unit 9820) that adjusting the volume level by the respective amount includes increasing the volume level, adjusting (e.g., with the adjusting unit 9818) the tactile output level of the device includes increasing the tactile output level; and in accordance with a determination (e.g., with the determining unit 9820) that adjusting the volume level by the respective amount includes decreasing the volume level, adjusting (e.g., with the adjusting unit 9818) the tactile output level of the device includes decreasing the tactile output level.
In some embodiments, the processing unit 9810 is configured to adjust (e.g., with the adjusting unit 9818) the output level of the device by: in accordance with a determination (e.g., with the determining unit 9820) that adjusting the volume level by the respective amount includes increasing the volume level, adjusting (e.g., with the adjusting unit 9818) the tactile output level of the device includes decreasing the tactile output level; and in accordance with a determination (e.g., with the determining unit 9820) that adjusting the volume level by the respective amount includes decreasing the volume level, adjusting (e.g., with the adjusting unit 9818) the tactile output level of the device includes increasing the tactile output level.
The operations in the information processing methods described above are, optionally implemented by running one or more functional modules in information processing apparatus such as general purpose processors (e.g., as described above with respect to
The operations described above with reference to
Many electronic devices provide a form of confirmation to a user in response to an event being triggered by a user action. For example, when a user clicks on an affordance (e.g., an icon button) corresponding to respective content (e.g., an electronic document, an image, or a video), an audio output is provided via a speaker to the user to confirm that the user is clicking on the affordance. Similarly, for example, after a user clicks on a hyperlink corresponding to a webpage, a web browser displays some form of visual confirmation (e.g., a semicircular arrow spinning in a clockwise manner or a spinning globe) indicating that the webpage associated with the hyperlink is being loaded. However, this confirmation or feedback can be distracting or confusing to a user when it occurs in response to inputs that do not correspond to the feedback. The embodiments described below provide a more convenient and intuitive interface by generating a tactile output in response to detecting a gesture that includes a first number of contacts (e.g., one contact)and forging generating the tactile output if the gesture includes a second number of contacts (e.g., two or more contacts). Furthermore, in some embodiments, the device assigns less than all of a plurality of contacts to the gesture; thereby, excluding one or more of the plurality of contacts from the gesture in accordance with predefined gesture criteria (e.g., shape, surface area, intensity, or chronological order).
In some embodiments, the device is an electronic device with a separate display (e.g., display 450) and a separate touch-sensitive surface (e.g., touch-sensitive surface 451). In some embodiments, the device is portable multifunction device 100, the display is touch-sensitive display system 112, and the touch-sensitive surface includes tactile output generators 167 on the display (
As described below, the method 10000 provides an intuitive way to generate a tactile output for a gesture having a first number of contacts and forgo generation of a tactile output for a gesture having a second number of contacts. The method reduces the cognitive burden on a user when generating a tactile output for a gesture having a first number of contacts and forgoing generation of a tactile output for a gesture having a second number of contacts, thereby creating a more efficient human-machine interface. For battery-operated electronic devices, enabling a user to generate a tactile output for a gesture having a first number of contacts and forgo generation of a tactile output for a gesture having a second number of contacts conserves power and increases the time between battery charges.
The device detects (10002), on a touch-sensitive surface, a gesture that includes an increase of intensity of a contact above a respective intensity threshold.
In some embodiments, the gesture includes (10004) a press input detected on the touch-sensitive surface while a focus selector is over a control icon (e.g., a button) displayed on the display.
In some embodiments, the respective intensity threshold is (10006) an activation threshold and the tactile output provides a confirmation to the user that the activation threshold has been met. For example, a tactile output confirming to the user that an operation has been performed, or a tactile output confirming to the user that an operation will be performed upon detecting an end of the gesture, such as liftoff of the contact.
In response to detecting the gesture (10008) and in accordance with a determination that the gesture includes a first number of contacts, the device generates (10010) a tactile output on the touch-sensitive surface.
In some embodiments, the first number of contacts is (10012) one contact (e.g., the tactile output is generated when the gesture is a single-contact press input).
In some embodiments, the tactile output is (10014) a tactile output that corresponds to the increase of intensity of the contact above the respective intensity threshold. For example, the tactile output that is generated when the gesture includes a first number of contacts (and is not generated when the gesture includes a second number of contacts) is a tactile output that corresponds to the increase of intensity of a contact above a respective threshold (e.g., “ITL”). In some embodiments, the tactile output is a simulation of a “mouse click” tactile output that is generated by the device when a contact exceeds a “down click” intensity threshold (e.g., “ITL”) and the gesture is performed with a single contact (e.g., the user performs a press input with a single contact).
In some embodiments, the tactile output is (10016) a predefined tactile output (e.g., to simulate a “mouse click” sensation corresponding to depressing a physical actuator on a mouse or trackpad) that is generated when the user performs one of a set of predefined single-contact user interface object interaction operations in the user interface. For example, the tactile output corresponds to a “mouse click” sensation, where the “mouse click” sensation is provided in response to selection of user interface objects when the user is using the touch-sensitive surface as a single-contact trackpad (e.g., rather than a multi-contact gesture input area).
In response to detecting the gesture and in accordance with a determination that the gesture includes a second number of contacts, the device forgoes (10018) generating the tactile output on the touch-sensitive surface.
In some embodiments, the second number of contacts is (10020) two or more contacts (e.g., the tactile output is not generated when the gesture is a multi-contact pinch/depinch gesture).
In some embodiments, the device detects (10022) a plurality of contacts on the touch-sensitive surface and assigns one or more of the plurality of contacts, comprising less than all of the plurality of contacts, to the first gesture in accordance with predefined gesture criteria. In some embodiments, one or more simultaneously detected contacts are excluded from the gesture (e.g., the device ignores palm contact or accidental contacts on the touch-sensitive surface). In some embodiments, predefined gesture criteria include: a shape of the one or more of the plurality of contacts, a surface area of the one or more of the plurality of contacts, an intensity of the one or more of the plurality of contacts, a predefined or chronological order of the plurality of contacts, or any combination thereof.
It should be understood that the particular order in which the operations in
In accordance with some embodiments,
As shown in
The processing unit 10110 is configured to: detect (e.g., with the detecting unit 10112), on the touch-sensitive surface unit 10104, a gesture that includes an increase of intensity of a contact above a respective intensity threshold. The processing unit 10110 is further configured to, in response to detecting the gesture: in accordance with a determination (e.g., with the determining unit 10114) that the gesture includes a first number of contacts, generate (e.g., with the generating unit 10116) a tactile output via the tactile output unit 10108 on the touch-sensitive surface unit 10104; and in accordance with a determination (e.g., with the determining unit 10114) that the gesture includes a second number of contacts different from the first number, forgo generating the tactile output on the touch-sensitive surface unit 10104.
In some embodiments, the tactile output is a tactile output that corresponds to the increase of intensity of the contact above the respective intensity threshold.
In some embodiments, the tactile output is a predefined tactile output that is generated via the tactile output unit 10108 when the user performs one of a set of predefined single-contact user interface object interaction operations in the user interface.
In some embodiments, the first number of contacts is one contact, and the second number of contacts is two or more contacts.
In some embodiments, the respective intensity threshold is an activation threshold and the tactile output provides a confirmation to the user that the activation threshold has been met.
In some embodiments, the gesture includes a press input detected (e.g., with the detecting unit 10112) on the touch-sensitive surface unit 10104 while a focus selector is over a control icon displayed on the display unit 10102.
In some embodiments, the processing unit 10110 is further configured to: detect (e.g., with the detecting unit 10112) a plurality of contacts on the touch-sensitive surface unit 10104; and assign (e.g., with the assigning unit 10118) one or more of the plurality of contacts, comprising less than all of the plurality of contacts, to the gesture in accordance with predefined gesture criteria.
The operations in the information processing methods described above are, optionally implemented by running one or more functional modules in information processing apparatus such as general purpose processors (e.g., as described above with respect to
The operations described above with reference to
It should be understood that the particular order in which the operations have been described above is merely exemplary and is not intended to indicate that the described order is the only order in which the operations could be performed. One of ordinary skill in the art would recognize various ways to reorder the operations described herein. Additionally, it should be noted that the various processes separately described herein (e.g., those listed in the fifth paragraph of the Description of Embodiments) can be combined with each other in different arrangements. For example, the contacts, user interface objects, tactile sensations, intensity thresholds, and/or focus selectors described above with reference to any one of the various processes separately described herein (e.g., those listed in the fifth paragraph of the Description of Embodiments) optionally have one or more of the characteristics of the contacts, gestures, user interface objects, tactile sensations, intensity thresholds, and focus selectors described herein with reference to one or more of the other methods described herein (e.g., those listed in the fifth paragraph of the Description of Embodiments). For brevity, all of the various possible combinations are not specifically enumerated here, but it should be understood that the claims described above may be combined in any way that is not precluded by mutually exclusive claim features.
The foregoing description, for purpose of explanation, has been described with reference to specific embodiments. However, the illustrative discussions above are not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the various described embodiments to the precise forms disclosed. Many modifications and variations are possible in view of the above teachings. The embodiments were chosen and described in order to best explain the principles of the various described embodiments and their practical applications, to thereby enable others skilled in the art to best utilize the various described embodiments with various modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated.
Claims
1. A method, comprising:
- at an electronic device with a touch-sensitive surface and a display:
- displaying, on the display, a plurality of user interface objects, wherein each of the plurality of user interface objects includes a plurality of subdivisions;
- detecting movement of a contact on the touch-sensitive surface over a respective user interface object in the plurality of user interface objects; and
- in response to detecting the movement of the contact: in accordance with a determination that output criteria have been met, wherein the output criteria include a criterion that the contact has a velocity that is below a respective velocity threshold when the contact moves over the respective user interface object, generating tactile outputs that correspond to a respective boundary of the respective user interface object and subdivisions of the respective user interface object; and in accordance with a determination that the output criteria have not been met, generating tactile outputs that correspond to the respective boundary of the respective user interface object without generating tactile outputs that correspond to the subdivisions of the respective user interface object.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the output criteria include a criterion that the contact has an intensity above a respective intensity threshold when the contact moves over the respective user interface object.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the output criteria include a criterion that the contact has an intensity below a respective intensity threshold when the contact moves over the respective user interface object.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the output criteria include a criterion that the respective user interface object is displayed in an active window in the user interface.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein:
- the plurality of user interface objects include application windows; and
- the subdivisions of the respective user interface object include selectable affordances within the application windows.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein:
- the plurality of user interface objects are paragraphs; and
- the subdivisions are words.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein:
- the plurality of user interface objects are sentences; and
- the subdivisions are words.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein:
- the plurality of user interface objects are words; and
- the subdivisions are letters.
9. The method of claim 1, wherein:
- a respective user interface object of the plurality of user interface objects includes a hierarchy of subdivisions, including a level corresponding to a first class of subdivisions and a level corresponding to a second class of subdivisions; and
- the method includes, in response to detecting the movement of the contact: in accordance with a determination that first output criteria have been met, generating tactile outputs corresponding to subdivisions in the first class of subdivisions without generating tactile outputs corresponding to subdivisions in the second class of subdivisions; and in accordance with a determination that second output criteria have been met, generating tactile outputs corresponding to subdivisions in the first class of subdivisions and generating tactile outputs corresponding to subdivisions in the second class of subdivisions.
10. An electronic device, comprising:
- a display;
- a touch-sensitive surface;
- one or more processors;
- memory; and
- one or more programs, wherein the one or more programs are stored in the memory and configured to be executed by the one or more processors, the one or more programs including instructions for: displaying, on the display, a plurality of user interface objects, wherein each of the plurality of user interface objects includes a plurality of subdivisions; detecting movement of a contact on the touch-sensitive surface over a respective user interface object in the plurality of user interface objects; and in response to detecting the movement of the contact: in accordance with a determination that output criteria have been met, wherein the output criteria include a criterion that the contact has a velocity that is below a respective velocity threshold when the contact moves over the respective user interface object, generating tactile outputs that correspond to a respective boundary of the respective user interface object and subdivisions of the respective user interface object; and in accordance with a determination that the output criteria have not been met, generating tactile outputs that correspond to the respective boundary of the respective user interface object without generating tactile outputs that correspond to the subdivisions of the respective user interface object.
11. The electronic device of claim 10, wherein the output criteria include a criterion that the contact has an intensity above a respective intensity threshold when the contact moves over the respective user interface object.
12. The electronic device of claim 10, wherein the output criteria include a criterion that the contact has an intensity below a respective intensity threshold when the contact moves over the respective user interface object.
13. The electronic device of claim 10, wherein the output criteria include a criterion that the respective user interface object is displayed in an active window in the user interface.
14. The electronic device of claim 10, wherein:
- the plurality of user interface objects include application windows; and
- the subdivisions of the respective user interface object include selectable affordances within the application windows.
15. A computer readable storage medium storing one or more programs, the one or more programs comprising instructions which, when executed by an electronic device with one or more processors, a display and a touch-sensitive surface, cause the electronic device to perform operations comprising:
- displaying, on the display, a plurality of user interface objects, wherein each of the plurality of user interface objects includes a plurality of subdivisions;
- detecting movement of a contact on the touch-sensitive surface over a respective user interface object in the plurality of user interface objects; and
- in response to detecting the movement of the contact: in accordance with a determination that output criteria have been met, wherein the output criteria include a criterion that the contact has a velocity that is below a respective velocity threshold when the contact moves over the respective user interface object, generating tactile outputs that correspond to a respective boundary of the respective user interface object and subdivisions of the respective user interface object; and in accordance with a determination that the output criteria have not been met, generating tactile outputs that correspond to the respective boundary of the respective user interface object without generating tactile outputs that correspond to the subdivisions of the respective user interface object.
16. The computer readable storage medium of claim 15, wherein the output criteria include a criterion that the contact has an intensity above a respective intensity threshold when the contact moves over the respective user interface object.
17. The computer readable storage medium of claim 15, wherein the output criteria include a criterion that the contact has an intensity below a respective intensity threshold when the contact moves over the respective user interface object.
18. The computer readable storage medium of claim 15, wherein the output criteria include a criterion that the respective user interface object is displayed in an active window in the user interface.
19. The computer readable storage medium of claim 15, wherein:
- the plurality of user interface objects include application windows; and
- the subdivisions of the respective user interface object include selectable affordances within the application windows.
20. The computer readable storage medium of claim 15, including instructions which cause the device to:
- detect a plurality of contacts on the touch-sensitive surface; and
- assign one or more of the plurality of contacts, comprising less than all of the plurality of contacts, to the gesture in accordance with predefined gesture criteria.
Type: Application
Filed: Sep 6, 2019
Publication Date: Dec 26, 2019
Inventors: Julian Missig (Redwood City, CA), Myra Haggerty (San Mateo, CA)
Application Number: 16/563,505
