ENHANCED DOWNLINK CONTROL CHANNEL CONFIGURATION FOR LTE
A method of operating a wireless communication system (FIG. 4) is disclosed. The method includes receiving downlink control information (702) for transmission to a user equipment (UE) in an enhanced physical downlink control channel (EPDCCH). A pseudo-random number generator is initialized (706) for generating a pseudo-random sequence. A plurality of demodulation reference signals (DMRS) are generated with the pseudo-random sequence. The plurality of DMRS is mapped with the EPDCCH and transmitted to the UE (712).
This application is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 13/887,305, filed May 4, 2013, which claims the benefit under 35 U.S.C. § 119(e) of Provisional Appl. Nos. 61/642,763, filed May 4, 2012, 61/645,323, filed May 10, 2012, 61/645,980, filed May 11, 2012, and 61/646,448, filed May 14, 2012, all of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.
The present embodiments relate to wireless communication systems and, more particularly, to operation of a Coordinated Multi-Point (CoMP) communication system in which a user equipment (UE) simultaneously communicates with plural base stations (eNB).
With Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM), multiple symbols are transmitted on multiple carriers that are spaced apart to provide orthogonality. An OFDM modulator typically takes data symbols into a serial-to-parallel converter, and the output of the serial-to-parallel converter is frequency domain data symbols. The frequency domain tones at either edge of the band may be set to zero and are called guard tones. These guard tones allow the OFDM signal to fit into an appropriate spectral mask. Some of the frequency domain tones are set to values which will be known at the receiver. Among these are cell-specific reference signals (CRS), channel state information reference signals (CSI-RS), and demodulation reference signals (DMRS). These reference signals are useful for channel measurement at the receiver. Cell-specific reference signals as well as channel state information reference signals are not precoded and are generated by a pseudo-random sequence generator as a function of the physical cell ID. In Releases 8 through 10 of the Long Term Evolution (LTE) of the Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS), which was designed for conventional point-to-point communication, the cell ID is not explicitly signaled by the base station (called eNB) but is implicitly derived by the UE as a function of the primary synchronization signal (PSS) and secondary synchronization signal (SSS). To connect to a wireless network, the UE performs a downlink cell search to synchronize to the best cell. A cell search is performed by detecting the PSS and SSS of each available cell and comparing their respective signal quality, for example, in terms of reference signal received power (RSRP). After the cell search is performed, the UE establishes connection with the best cell by deriving relevant system information for that cell. Similarly, for LTE Release 11 the UE performs an initial cell search to connect to the best cell. To enable multi-point CoMP operation, the connected cell then configures the UE by higher-layer signaling with a virtual cell ID for each CSI-RS resource associated with each respective base station involved in the multi-point CoMP operation. The UE generates the pseudo-random sequence for each CSI-RS resource as a function of the virtual cell ID.
Conventional cellular communication systems operate in a point-to-point single-cell transmission fashion where a user terminal or equipment (UE) is uniquely connected to and served by a single cellular base station (eNB or eNodeB) at a given time. An example of such a system is Release 8 of the 3GPP Long-Term Evolution. Advanced cellular systems are intended to further improve the data rate and performance by adopting multi-point-to-point or coordinated multi-point (CoMP) communication where multiple base stations can cooperatively design the downlink transmission to serve a UE at the same time. An example of such a system is the 3GPP LTE-Advanced system. This greatly improves received signal strength at the UE by transmitting the same signal to each UE from different base stations. This is particularly beneficial for cell edge UEs that observe strong interference from neighboring base stations.
Downlink transmission in Long Term Evolution (LTE) is organized in subframes. Referring now to
In addition to downlink data, a base station also needs to transmit control information to mobile users. This includes both common control information as well as user-specific control information. Common control information is transmitted to all users in the cell to maintain users' connection to the network, page users in idle mode when a call comes in, schedule random access response, and indicate critical system information changes in the cell. In addition, user-specific control information is transmitted to each scheduled user, for example, to indicate the frequency resources on which the UE is expected to receive downlink data or transmit uplink data. In LTE, each subframe is divided into legacy control region 206 for downlink control information transmission and data region 207 for downlink data transmissions. The legacy control region 206 comprises OFDM symbols 1-3 when the system bandwidth is greater than 10 PRBs and OFDM symbols 2-4 otherwise. The exact size of the legacy control region is signaled on a Physical Downlink Control Format Indicator Channel (PCFICH). The data channel region 207 is located after the legacy control channel region 206 and is allotted for each Physical Resource Block (PRB). The legacy control channel region 206 is a region to which a Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH) is mapped. The data channel region 207 is a region to which a Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH) is mapped and carries downlink data transmission to mobile users. Further, Enhanced Physical Downlink Control Channels EPDCCH Set 1 209 and EPDCCH Set 2 213 are frequency multiplexed with the data channel (PDSCH) 211 for transmission to a UE. That is, EPDCCH Set 1 209 and EPDCCH Set 2 213 are mapped to the data channel region 207 together with the PDSCH 211. The reason to locate the legacy control channel region at the beginning of the subframe is that a UE firstly receives a PDCCH allotted to the legacy control channel region 206 to recognize the presence of transmission of the PDSCH. Once the presence of transmission of the PDSCH is recognized, the UE may determine whether to perform a receiving operation of the PDSCH. If no PDCCH is transmitted to the UE, it is unnecessary to receive the PDSCH mapped to the data channel region 207. Accordingly, the UE may save power consumed in a receiving operation of the PDSCH. Meanwhile, the UE may receive a PDCCH located in the control channel region faster than the PDSCH 211 to reduce a scheduling delay. However, because the PDCCH is transmitted over the entire system bandwidth, interference control is impossible.
The legacy control channel region 206 may not be changed to a frequency multiplexing structure to maintain compatibility with an existing or legacy UE. However, if the eNodeB does not allot a corresponding region of the data channel region 207 to a UE of a previous LTE version, the UE of a previous LTE version does not receive a resource mapped to a corresponding data channel region 207. Accordingly, the eNodeB may transmit an EPDCCH for a UE of a new LTE version in a data channel region 207 that is not allotted to the UE. In other words, an EPDCCH being a control channel for a UE of a new LTE version has a structure multiplexed with the PDSCH.
While the preceding approaches provide steady improvements in wireless communications, the present inventors recognize that still further improvements in transmission of EPDCCH from the eNB to the UE are possible. Accordingly, the preferred embodiments described below are directed toward this as well as improving upon the prior art.
BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTIONIn a preferred embodiment of the present invention, there is disclosed a method of operating a wireless communication system. The method includes receiving downlink control information for transmission to a user equipment (UE) in an enhanced physical downlink control channel (EPDCCH). A pseudo-random number generator is initialized for generating a pseudo-random sequence. A plurality of demodulation reference signals (DMRS) is generated with the pseudo-random sequence. The plurality of DMRS is mapped with the EPDCCH and transmitted to the UE.
Communication of downlink control information from a base station (eNB) to a user equipment (UE) for Long Term Evolution (LTE) with backwards compatibility to legacy systems is essential for operating a coordinated multi-point (CoMP) LTE wireless communication system. This control information specifies the location of respective data signals for the UE within received subframes. Accordingly, embodiments of the present invention employ both localized and distributed transmission of control information to improve communication from the eNB to the UE as will be described in detail.
The following abbreviations are used throughout the instant specification.
CCE: Control Channel Element
CQI: Channel Quality Indicator
CRS: Cell-specific Reference Signal
CSI: Channel State Information
CSI-RS: Channel State Information Reference Signal
DCI: DownLink Control Information
DL: DownLink
DMRS: Demodulation Reference Signal
eNB: E-UTRAN Node B or base station or evolved Node B
E-UTRAN: Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network
IRC: Interference Rejection Combining
JT: Joint Transmission
LTE: Long Term Evolution
MIMO: Multiple-Input Multiple-Output
MRC: Maximum Ratio Combining
PCFICH: Physical Control Format Indicator Channel
PDCCH: Physical Downlink Control Channel
PDSCH: Physical Downlink Shared Channel
PMI: Precoding Matrix Indicator
PRB: Physical Resource Block
PUCCH: Physical Uplink Control Channel
PUSCH: Physical Uplink Shared Channel
QAM: Quadrature Amplitude Modulation
RE: Resource Element
RI: Rank Indicator
RRC: Radio Resource Control
SCID: Scrambling Identification
SNR: Signal to Noise Ratio
UE: User Equipment
UL: UpLink
VRB: Virtual Resource Block
Scheduling in a wireless network is achieved by the base station (eNB in LTE) transmitting downlink control information to mobile terminals (UE in LTE). In a cellular wireless network, a base station may need to schedule transmissions to multiple mobile users at the same time. As a result, the base station needs to transmit downlink control information to different users simultaneously. It is also possible that the base station may transmit different types of control information to a UE simultaneously, such as common control information and UE-specific control information.
In LTE, downlink control information bits are carried in a Downlink Control Information (DCI) format. A DCI is channel encoded, modulated, and transmitted in a specific physical transmission channel over an air interface. In a legacy system, DCI formats are transmitted by the Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH). A PDCCH is transmitted in the legacy PDCCH region. Different DCI formats are used for different scheduling purposes. DCI can be used to transmit common control information to all users in a cell, UE-specific downlink control information to schedule PDSCH data transmission to a UE, or UE-specific downlink control information to schedule uplink data transmission from the UE to the eNB.
Table I below is a relation between DCI formats and corresponding downlink transmission modes. The DCI formats are UE-specific, monitored by UEs, and scrambled by C-RNTI.
DL Mode DCI format Transmission scheme
-
- Mode 1 DCI 1A Single antenna port with cell-specific reference signal (CRS) port 0
- Mode 2 DCI 1 Transmit diversity
- Mode 3 DCI 2A Open-loop spatial multiplexing
- Mode 4 DCI 2 Closed-loop spatial multiplexing
- Mode 5 DCI 1D Single-layer multiuser MIMO with CRS
- Mode 6 DCI 1B Single-layer closed-loop precoding with CRS
- Mode 7 DCI 1 Single-layer beamforming with demodulation reference symbol (DMRS) port 5
- Mode 8 DCI 2B Dual-layer spatial multiplexing with DMRS ports 7-8
- Mode 9 DCI 2C 8-layer spatial multiplexing with DMRS ports 7-14
- Mode 10 DCI 2D Coordinated Multi-Point communication, 8-layer spatial multiplexing with DMRS ports 7-14
In LTE Release 11, a new physical channel called Enhanced Physical Downlink Control Channel (EPDCCH) is defined to transmit downlink control information in a cell. As an additional physical resource for control information, the EPDCCH is transmitted in a subset of physical resource blocks (PRB) in the data region 207 and outside of the legacy PDCCH control region 206. The eNB may configure plural EPDCCH sets in the downlink. Each EPDCCH set comprises a subset of PRBs which are semi-statically configured by radio resource control (RRC) higher layer signals. For each UE, the configured EPDCCH set(s) may be orthogonal or partially overlapping. EPDCCH sets are configured in a UE-specific manner and could be identical or different for different users.
The objective of the EPDCCH is to increase the control channel capacity due to the proliferation of mobile users in the wireless network. Secondly, the EPDCCH is transmitted by demodulation reference signal (DMRS) based beamforming, achieving more flexible beamforming gain enabled by large scale MIMO array. Thirdly, because the EPDCCH is transmitted in a few PRBs in the system bandwidth, frequency domain Inter-cell Interference Coordination (ICIC) is achieved. Neighboring cells creating strong inter-cell interference may transmit their EPDCCHs in orthogonal PRBs so as to avoid interference on the control channel.
Turning now to
Both localized and distributed transmission modes are possible for the EDPCCH. Localized transmission is primarily used to reap scheduling gain (e.g. in frequency-selective channels) and beamforming gain (e.g. in correlated antenna setup). Distributed transmission is mainly used to achieve diversity gain and to improve link robustness (e.g. in uncorrelated antenna setup and at high Doppler where CSI feedback is unreliable). The difference between “localized” and “distributed” transmissions may be defined in several ways. In one definition, they are defined in terms of EPDCCH resource configuration. If the configured EPDCCH resources are adjacent in the frequency domain, it is localized transmission. However, when the PRB resources are not adjacent in the frequency domain, it is distributed transmission. Since the EPDCCH PRB resources are semi-statically configured by a higher layer, it does not matter from the EPDCCH demodulation perspective whether the PRBs are adjacent in frequency or not. UE behavior is exactly the same in both cases.
In another definition, localized and distributed transmission is defined in terms of EPDCCH resource mapping. With distributed transmission, an EPDCCH for a particular user is transmitted across a set of PRBs even if a smaller set of PRBs would be sufficient for transmitting the EPDCCH. With localized transmission, an EPDCCH is transmitted in the smallest number of PRBs required for transmitting the EPDCCH.
More specifically, for a localized transmission all eREGs in one eCCE need to be in the same PRB. The eREGs need not necessarily be adjacent but may be permuted within the PRB. For a distributed transmission, the eREGs in one eCCE are distributed across one or multiple PRB pairs to harness frequency diversity. The benefit of such a design is that the definition of an eREG is identical for both localized and distributed transmission. In effect, the only difference is how the eREGs are spread in frequency to form an eCCE. For both localized and distributed transmission, however, an eREG is always confined to one PRB pair.
The sequence of reference symbols or pilots transmitted by the eNB in the DMRS are preferably generated by a pseudo-random number generator and, subsequently, reproduced by another pseudo-random number generator at the UE allowing it to estimate the channel by comparing the reproduced sequence of symbols or pilots with the received DMRS. The pseudo-random number generators are initialized or seeded by the parameter cinit as shown in equation [1].
cinit=([ns/2]+1)·(2X+1)·216+nSCID [1]
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, ns is an integer that may be greater than or equal to 2 and Xis a parameter having a value from 0 to 503 which is transmitted to the UE by higher level RRC signaling. The parameter nSCID is preferably fixed by specification, for example, to a value of 0 or 1 or, alternatively, may also be transmitted to the UE by higher level RRC signaling. In an alternative embodiment of the present invention, the parameter X may have a default value (for example, the physical cell ID of the cell the UE is connected to) that is only changed by RRC signaling when necessary. The same values of X and parameter nSCID are preferably used to initialize the pseudo-random number generators at the transmitter and receiver for generation of the DMRS sequence associated with an EPDCCH.
Referring now to
Referring now to
Referring now to
Referring now to
Turning now to
When the UE tries to blindly decode an EPDCCH in the physical resources associated with EPDCCH Set 1 it uses the parameters received in the configuration of EPDCCH Set 1. By configuring a single EPDCCH Set 1 it is possible to only configure distributed transmissions of downlink control information where one EPDCCH candidate comprises resource elements from different PRBs. Alternatively, the single EPDCCH Set 1 can be configured for localized transmission. Hence, the UE only monitors either localized or distributed EPDCCH candidates and there is a single EPDCCH RRC configuration comprising, among other things, the parameter X for initialization of the DMRS pseudo-random number generator associated with the EPDCCH and the physical resources reserved for the EPDCCH.
Referring next to
By configuring both EPDCCH Sets 1 and 2 the eNB can configure the UE to monitor both localized and distributed EPDCCH candidates in the same subframe. This configuration allows the network to harness multi-user diversity and beamforming gains through frequency-selective scheduling and space-time signal processing by transmitting an EPDCCH in the physical resources associated with EPDCCH Set 1 configured for localized transmission. At the same time, the network can revert to distributed transmission without the need for RRC reconfiguration by transmitting an EPDCCH in the physical resources associated with EPDCCH Set 2 configured for distributed transmission. In other words, this embodiment allows the eNB to configure two EPDCCH sets, one for localized and one for distributed transmission, so that the eNB can dynamically decide whether to encode a UE's downlink control information in the search space associated with either the localized or distributed set. Since the UE is configured to monitor both search spaces, no RRC re configuration to switch between localized and distributed is necessary.
When the UE is configured to monitor both EPDCCH Sets 1 and 2 within the same sub-frame, in order to reduce the RRC signaling overhead, the UE behavior can be standardized to assume the same RRC configuration for both sets. Such a design permits the eNB to selectively reconfigure parameters such as X for either set to facilitate different operational modes. For example, for distributed EPDCCH candidates in Set 1, the UE is configured with X corresponding to the physical cell ID, whereas for localized EPDCCH candidates in Set 2, it is configured with X corresponding to a virtual cell ID.
At
The benefit of configuring the initialization parameter X of the pseudo-random number generator for each EPDCCH set (if more than one is configured) and for the UE-specific and common search space separately is that the UE can be configured with several X but for each blind decoding attempt only one Xis applicable. For instance, the network can configure different X for localized and distributed transmission of downlink control information in the UE-specific search space of the EPDCCH or, if a common search space is defined for the EPDCCH, the initialization could be different for the UE-specific and the common search space. Either way, the UE knows which initialization parameters to use when blindly decoding an EPDCCH candidate. So while the eNB may configure several X and/or nSCID for a UE, they are never dynamically signaled nor does the UE need to perform several blind decoding attempts for the same EPDCCH candidate to try different initializations.
Still further, while numerous examples have thus been provided, one skilled in the art should recognize that various modifications, substitutions, or alterations may be made to the described embodiments while still falling with the inventive scope as defined by the following claims. Other combinations will be readily apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art having access to the instant specification.
Claims
1. A method, comprising:
- receiving, at a user equipment (UE), a first value associated with a first enhanced physical downlink control channel (EPDCCH) set and a second value associated with a second EPDCCH set, the first and second EPDCCH sets corresponding, respectively, to first and second sets of physical resource blocks (PRBs);
- receiving, at the UE, a demodulation reference signal (DMRS) in a subframe, the DMRS being generated based on a sequence, the sequence being initialized based on at least one of the first value or the second value;
- monitoring, by the UE, EPDCCH candidates in the subframe, the EPDCCH candidates being associated with at least one of the first or second EPDCCH sets;
- receiving, at the UE, downlink control information (DCI) via one or more of the EPDCCH candidates, the DCI indicating resources allocated to the UE for uplink transmission; and
- transmitting, by the UE, uplink data in response to receiving the DCI.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the DMRS is generated based on: where cinit is a parameter used to initialize the sequence, ns is an integer, X is one of the first value and the second value, and nSCID is a fixed value.
- cinit=(└ns/2┘+1)·(2X+1)·216+nSCID
3. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
- initializing, by the UE, the sequence based on at least one of the first value or the second value; and
- generating, by the UE, a reference signal sequence based on the initialized sequence.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the DMRS is a first DMRS, the method further comprising receiving a second DMRS, the second DMRS being generated based on the sequence initialized with the at least one of the first value or second value.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the first and second EPDCCH sets correspond, respectively, to first and second sets of PRB pairs.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the EPDCCH candidates are sets of enhanced control channel elements.
7. The method of claim 1, receiving the first and second values via radio resource control (RRC) signaling.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein the first value is configured for localized transmission, and the second value is configured for distributed transmission.
9. The method of claim 1, wherein monitoring the EPDCCH candidates includes the UE attempting to decode the EPDCCH candidates.
10. A user equipment (UE), comprising:
- a UE controller configured to: receive a first value associated with a first enhanced physical downlink control channel (EPDCCH) set and a second value associated with a second EPDCCH set, the first and second EPDCCH sets corresponding, respectively, to first and second sets of physical resource blocks (PRBs); receive a demodulation reference signal (DMRS) in a subframe, the DMRS being generated based on a sequence, the sequence being initialized based on at least one of the first value or the second value; and monitor EPDCCH candidates in the subframe, the EPDCCH candidates being associated with at least one of the first or second EPDCCH sets.
11. The UE of claim 10, wherein the DMRS is generated based on: where cinit is a parameter used to initialize the sequence, ns is an integer, X is one of the first value and the second value, and nSCID is a fixed value.
- cinit=(└ns/2┘+1)·(2X+1)·216+nSCID
12. The UE of claim 10, herein the UE controller is further configured to:
- initialize the sequence based on at least one of the first value or the second value; and
- generate a reference signal sequence based on the initialized sequence.
13. The UE of claim 10, wherein the DMRS is a first DMRS, and wherein the UE controller is further configured to receive a second DMRS, the second DMRS being generated based on the sequence initialized with the at least one of the first value or second value.
14. The UE of claim 10, wherein the first and second EPDCCH sets correspond, respectively, to first and second sets of PRB pairs.
15. The UE of claim 10, wherein the EPDCCH candidates are sets of enhanced control channel elements.
16. The UE of claim 10, wherein the UE controller is further configured to receive the first and second values via radio resource control (RRC) signaling.
17. The UE of claim 10, wherein the first value is configured for localized transmission, and the second value is configured for distributed transmission.
18. The UE of claim 10, wherein the UE controller is configured to monitor the EPDCCH candidates by attempting to decode the EPDCCH candidates.
19. The UE of claim 10, wherein the UE controller is further configured to:
- receive information indicative of resources allocated to the UE for uplink transmission; and
- transmit data on an uplink in response to receiving the information indicative of the resources allocated for uplink transmission.
20. The UE of claim 10, wherein the UE controller is further configured to:
- receive downlink control information (DCI) via one or more of the EPDCCH candidates, the DCI indicating resources allocated to the UE for uplink transmission; and
- transmit uplink data in response to receiving the DCI.
21. A method, comprising:
- receiving, at a user equipment (UE), a first value associated with a first enhanced physical downlink control channel (EPDCCH) set and a second value associated with a second EPDCCH set, the first and second EPDCCH sets corresponding, respectively, to first and second sets of physical resource blocks (PRBs);
- receiving, at the UE, a demodulation reference signal (DMRS) in a subframe, the DMRS being generated based on a sequence, the sequence being initialized based on at least one of the first value or the second value; and
- monitoring, by the UE, EPDCCH candidates in the subframe, the EPDCCH candidates being associated with at least one of the first or second EPDCCH sets.
22. The method of claim 21, further comprising:
- performing, by the UE, EPDCCH demodulation based on the received DMRS.
23. The method of claim 21, wherein the DMRS is generated based on: where cinit is a parameter used to initialize the sequence, ns is an integer, X is one of the first value and the second value, and nSCID is a fixed value.
- cinit=(└ns/2┘+1)·(2X+1)·216+nSCID
24. The method of claim 21, further comprising:
- initializing, by the UE, the sequence based on at least one of the first value or the second value; and
- generating, by the UE, a reference signal sequence based on the initialized sequence.
25. The method of claim 21, wherein the first and second EPDCCH sets correspond, respectively, to first and second sets of PRB pairs.
26. The method of claim 21, wherein the EPDCCH candidates are sets of enhanced control channel elements.
27. The method of claim 21, receiving the first and second values via radio resource control (RRC) signaling.
28. The method of claim 21, wherein the first value is configured for localized transmission, and the second value is configured for distributed transmission.
29. The method of claim 21, wherein monitoring the EPDCCH candidates includes the UE attempting to decode the EPDCCH candidates.
30. The method of claim 21, further comprising:
- receiving, at the UE, information indicative of resources allocated to the UE for uplink transmission; and
- transmitting, by the UE, data on an uplink in response to receiving the information indicative of the resources allocated for uplink transmission.
Type: Application
Filed: Oct 14, 2019
Publication Date: Feb 6, 2020
Inventors: Ralf Matthias Bendlin (Plano, TX), Runhua Chen (Plano, TX)
Application Number: 16/601,325