BRUSH-LESS DC DYNAMO AND A VEHICLE COMPRISING THE SAME
This invention provides a brushless dc dynamo, which is characterized by using semiconductor switches to replace commutators used in conventional brush DC dynamo, wherein the periodically mechanical contact of the armature and different electrodes are replaced with static electronic switching array to periodically switch electrically without any mechanical contact switching between the armature and electrodes. Meanwhile, the armature can work as conventional mode to always maintain the distribution of the armature current such that the magnetic field of the rotator is perpendicular to the magnetic field of the stator during rotating, and the damage of switched contacts caused by mechanical contact of the armature and electrodes can be avoided.
This application claims the benefit of U.S. provisional patent application No. 62/892,585, filed on Aug. 28, 2019, and U.S. provisional patent application No. 62/955,466, filed on Dec. 31, 2019, and the entirety of which are incorporated by reference herein.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Field of the InventionThe present invention relates to a DC dynamo and in particular relates to a brushless DC dynamo and a vehicle comprising the same.
Description of the Related ArtA conventional DC dynamo usually includes brushes and commutators (i.e. rectifier) to always keep the magnetic field of the rotor perpendicular to the magnetic field of the stator during rotation to generate a greatest torque. Meanwhile, the DC dynamos continuously head the lists of rotation speed controlling and servo controlling fields owing to advantages of voltage proportion to the rotation speed and hence naturally easy to control. The brushless DC dynamo (BLDC dynamo) is now very popular in the market, which has a structure like a permanent-magnet variable frequency synchronous AC dynamo, wherein the rotatable angle of the stator is determined by a so-called multiple phase magnetic field, for example three phases magnetic field, thus the permanent rotor can be rotated by a magnetic field with variable rotation velocities to serve as a motor; or, the electromotive force induced by a permanent rotor can be transformed into AC power by a multiphase coil, such as a three phase coil, to serve as a generator. However, the VVVF control method of state-of-the-art BLDC is too complex and unnatural, so a novel brushless DC dynamo with a working mode more close to that of the convention DC dynamo is highly expected.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTIONA feature of this present invention is to provide a brushless DC dynamo, comprising: a circular armature unit, comprising: L slots of first armature conductors spaced with each other in sequence, and 1th slot of the first armature conductors is adjacent to Lth slot of the first armature conductors and spatially joined with each other, L is a natural number; and L slots of second armature conductors spaced with each other in sequence, adjacent to the L slots of the first armature conductors, and 1th slot of the second armature conductors is adjacent to Lth slot of the second armature conductors and spatially joined with each other, L is a natural number; a magnetic unit, disposed inside the circular armature unit, comprising N pairs of magnetic poles, wherein the circular armature unit and the magnetic unit rotate relatively to each other under control, N is a natural number, and each of the magnetic poles faces S slots of the circular armature unit, S is a natural number and S≥2, and each pair of the magnetic poles faces M slots of the circular armature unit, M is a natural number and M=2S, L=M*N; a pair of external electrodes comprising a first external electrode with a first polarity and a second external electrode with a second polarity, wherein the first polarity and the second polarity are opposite to each other; a control unit comprising M first control switches and M second control switches; and a logic unit electrically connected to the control unit, wherein logic signals for controlling short or open of the first control switches and the second control switches are outputted by the logic unit by sensing positions of the magnetic unit; wherein, the first armature conductors and the second armature conductors are classified as M steps of armature coils interconnecting in sequence, and Pth step of the armature coils is formed by P1 slot of the first armature conductors satisfying with 1≤Q≤N and P2 slot of the second armature conductors satisfying 1≤Q≤N interconnecting in sequence, wherein P1=1+remainder of {[P−1+(M*(Q−1))]/L}, P2=1+remainder of {[P−1+(M*(Q−1))+S]/L}, P, Q, S are all natural numbers, and 1≤P≤M, 1≤Q≤N, 1≤P2≤L; wherein, 1th first control switch is disposed between the first external electrode with a first polarity and a node connecting 1th step of the armature coils and Mth step of the armature coils, wherein ith first control switch is disposed between the first external electrode with a first polarity and a node connecting (i-1)th step of the armature coils and ith step of the armature coils, and ith second control switch is disposed between the second external electrode with a second polarity and a node connecting 1th step of the armature coils and Mth step of the armature coils, wherein ith second control switch is disposed between the second external electrode with a second polarity and a node connecting (i-1)th step of the armature coils and ith step of the armature coils, i is a natural number and 2≤i≤M; wherein, when the brushless DC dynamo is operated under a basic mode, there is only one of the first control switch that is short and only one of the second control switch that is short at the same operating time, wherein when 1th first control switch is short, (1+S)th second control switch is short; when 2≤i≤S, ith first control switch is short, (i+S)th second control switch is short; when i=S+1, ith first control switch is short, 1st second control switch is short; when S+1≤i≤M, ith first control switch is short, (i−S)th second control switch is short; wherein when the brushless DC dynamo is operated under transition mode during transiting from a basic mode to next basic mode, adjacent two of the first control switches or adjacent two of the second control switches of the brushless DC dynamo can be short at the same operating time, and the first control switches not adjacent to each other or the second control switches not adjacent to each other of the brushless DC dynamo cannot be short at the same operating time.
The brushless DC dynamo as mentioned in paragraph [0003], wherein the driving or outputting direction of the brushless DC dynamo will be reversed when the polarities of the logic signals outputted by the logic unit are changed to upset the operation of the first control switches and the second control switches of the same step without changing the first polarity of the first external electrode and the second polarity of the second external electrode. Alternatively, the brushless DC dynamo as mentioned in paragraph [0003], wherein the driving or outputting direction of the brushless DC dynamo will be quickly reversed to provide a power modulation function similar to bipolar pulse width modulation (PWM) when the polarities of the logic signals outputted by the logic unit are quickly changed to quickly upset the operation of the first control switches and the second control switches of the same step without changing the first polarity of the first external electrode and the second polarity of the second external electrode. Alternatively, the brushless DC dynamo as mentioned in paragraph [0003], wherein a power modulation function similar to single polar pulse width modulation (PWM) is provided when the polarities of the first external electrode and the second external electrode and the polarities of the logic signals output by the logic unit are not changed, and the logic signals output by the logic unit are quickly synchronously enabled or forbidden to quickly synchronously enable or forbid the operation of the first control switches and the second control switches of the same step.
Another feature of this invention is to provide a brushless DC dynamo, comprising: a circular armature unit, comprising: L slots of first armature conductors spaced with each other in sequence, and 1th slot of the first armature conductors is adjacent to Lth slot of the first armature conductors and spatially joined with each other, L is a natural number; and L slots of second armature conductors spaced with each other in sequence, adjacent to the L slots of the first armature conductors, and 1th slot of the second armature conductors is adjacent to Lth slot of the second armature conductors and spatially joined with each other, L is a natural number; a magnetic unit, disposed inside the circular armature unit, comprising N pairs of magnetic poles, wherein the circular armature unit and the magnetic unit rotate relatively to each other under control, N is a natural number, and each of the magnetic poles faces S slots of the circular armature unit, S is a natural number and S≥2, and each pair of the magnetic poles faces M′ slots of the circular armature unit, M′ is a natural number and M′=2S, L=M′*N; a pair of external electrodes comprising a first external electrode with a first polarity and a second external electrode with a second polarity, wherein the first polarity and the second polarity are opposite to each other; a control unit comprising M′ first control switches and M′ second control switches; and a logic unit electrically connected to the control unit, wherein logic signals for controlling short or open of the first control switches and the second control switches are outputted by the logic unit by sensing positions of the magnetic unit; wherein, the first armature conductors and the second armature conductors are classified as M′ steps of armature coils interconnecting in sequence, and Pth step of the armature coils is formed by P1 slot of the first armature conductors satisfying with 1≤Q≤N and P2 slot of the second armature conductors satisfying 1≤Q≤N interconnecting in sequence, wherein P1=1+remainder of {[P−1+(M′*(Q−1)+S)]/L}, P2=1+remainder of {[P−1+(M′*(Q−1))]/L}, P, Q, P1, P2 are all natural numbers, and M′≥4, 1≤P≤M′, 1≤Q≤N, 1≤P1≤L, 1≤P2≤L, and the armature coils are classified as S classes, wherein tth class of the armature coils is formed by tth step of the armature coils and (t+S)th step of the armature coils reversely connected in sequence or in parallel, t is a natural number and t≤S; wherein, a (2t−1)th node and a (2t)th node are on two terminals of the tth class of the armature coils formed by tth step of the armature coils and (t+S)th step of the armature coils reversely connected in sequence or in parallel, and a tth first control switch is interconnected with the first external electrode with a first polarity at the (2t−1)th node, and a (t+S)th second control switch is interconnected with the second external electrode with a second polarity at the (2t)th node; wherein, there are at most half of the first control switches short and at most half of the second control switches short at the same operation time, and the tth first control switch and the tth second control switch are not short at the same time, and the the (t+S)th first control switch and the (t+S)th second control switch are not short at the same time.
The brushless DC dynamo as mentioned in paragraph [0005], wherein the driving or outputting direction of the brushless DC dynamo will be reversed when the polarities of the logic signals outputted by the logic unit are changed to upset the operation of the first control switches and the second control switches of the same step without changing the first polarity of the first external electrode and the second polarity of the second external electrode. Alternatively, the brushless DC dynamo as mentioned in paragraph [0005], wherein the driving or outputting direction of the brushless DC dynamo will be quickly reversed to provide a power modulation function similar to bipolar pulse width modulation (PWM) when the polarities of the logic signals outputted by the logic unit are quickly changed to quickly upset the operation of the first control switches and the second control switches of the same step without changing the first polarity of the first external electrode and the second polarity of the second external electrode, or a power modulation function similar to single polar pulse width modulation (PWM) is provided when the polarities of the first external electrode and the second external electrode and the polarities of the logic signal output by the logic unit are not changed, and the logic signals output by the logic unit are quickly synchronously enabled or forbidden to quickly synchronously enable or forbid the operation of the first control switches and the second control switches of the same step. Alternatively, the brushless DC dynamo as mentioned in paragraph [0005], wherein a power modulation function similar to single polar pulse width modulation (PWM) is provided when the polarities of the first external electrode and the second external electrode and the polarities of the logic signals output by the logic unit are not changed, and the logic signals output by the logic unit are quickly synchronously enabled or forbidden to quickly synchronously enable or forbid the operation of the first control switches and the second control switches of the same step.
Another feature of this present invention is to provide another brushless DC dynamo, comprising: a circular armature unit, comprising: L slots of first armature conductors spaced with each other in sequence, and slot of the first armature conductors is adjacent to Lth slot of the first armature conductors and spatially joined with each other, L is a natural number; and L slots of second armature conductors spaced with each other in sequence, adjacent to the L slots of the first armature conductors, and 1th slot of the second armature conductors is adjacent to Lth slot of the second armature conductors and spatially joined with each other, L is a natural number; a magnetic unit, disposed inside the circular armature unit, comprising N pairs of magnetic poles, wherein the circular armature unit and the magnetic unit rotate relatively to each other under control, N is a natural number, and each of the magnetic poles faces S slots of the circular armature unit, S is a natural number and S≥2, and each pair of the magnetic poles faces M′ slots of the circular armature unit, M′ is a natural number and M′=2S, L=M′*N; a pair of external electrodes comprising a first external electrode with a first polarity and a second external electrode with a second polarity, wherein the first polarity and the second polarity are opposite to each other, and the pair of external electrodes is a rechargeable battery or a power supplying module, and the first external electrode is interconnected to the rechargeable battery or the power supplying module in sequence by a inductor; a first common potential electrode directly or indirectly electrically connected to the first external electrode with a first polarity; a second common potential electrode; a third common potential electrode electrically connected to the second common potential electrode; a fourth common potential electrode directly or indirectly electrically connected to the second external electrode with a second polarity; a control unit comprising M1′ first control switches, M1′ second control switches, M2′ third control switches and M2′ fourth control switches, wherein M1′=2S1, M2′=2S2, M1′+M2′≤M′, and S1≥1 S2≥1, S1+S2≤S, and M1′, M2′, S1 and S2 are all natural numbers; and a logic unit electrically connected to the control unit, wherein logic signals for controlling short or open of the first control switches, the second control switches, the third control switches and the fourth control switches are outputted by the logic unit by sensing the positions of the magnetic unit; wherein, the first armature conductors and the second armature conductors are classified as M′ steps of armature coils interconnecting in sequence, and Pth step of the armature coils is formed by P1 slot of the first armature conductors satisfying with 1≤Q≤N and P2 slot of the second armature conductors satisfying 1≤Q≤N interconnecting in sequence, wherein P1=1+remainder of {[P−1+(M′*(Q−1))]/L}, P2=1+remainder of {[P−1+(M′*(Q−1))+S]/L}, P, Q, P1, P2 are all natural numbers, and M′≥4, 1≤P≤M′, 1≤Q≤N, 1≤P1≤L, 1≤P2≤L, and the armature coils are classified as S classes, and the S classes of the armature coils are further divided into a first group and a second group, wherein the first group includes S1 classes of the armatures coils and the second group includes S2 classes of the armatures coils; wherein, the S1 classes of the armature coils in the first class are independently connected to the first control switch electrically connected to the first common potential electrode and the second control switch electrically connected to the second common potential electrode, wherein t1th class of the armature coils is formed by t1 step of the armature coils and t1+Sth step of the armature coils reversely connected in sequence or in parallel, t1 is a natural number and 1≤t1≤S, and wherein, a [2(t1)−1]th node and a [2(t1)]th node are on two terminals of the t1th class of the armature coils, and a [2(t1)]th first control switch is interconnected between the first common potential electrode and the [2(t1)−1]th node, and a [2(t1)−1]th second control switch is interconnected between the second common potential electrode and the [2(t1)−1]th node, and there are at most half of the first control switches short and at most half of the second control switches short at the same operation time, and the [2(t1)−1]th first control switch and the [2(t1)−1]th second control switch are not short at the same time, and the [2(t1)]th first control switch and the [2(t1)]th second control switch are not short at the same time; wherein, the S2 class of the armature coils in the second class are independently connected to the third control switch electrically connected to the third common potential electrode and the fourth control switch electrically connected to the fourth common potential electrode, wherein t2th class of the armature coils is formed by t2 step of the armature coils and (t2+S)th step of the armature coils reversely connected in sequence or in parallel, t2 is a natural number and S1+1≤t2≤S, and a [2(t2)−1]th node and a [2(t2)-3]th node are on two terminals of the t2th class of the armature coils, and a [2(t2)-3]th third control switch is interconnected with the third common potential electrode at the [2(t2)−1]th node, and a [2(t2)-2]th second control switch is interconnected with the second common potential electrode at the [2(t2)]th node, and there are at most half of the third control switches short and at most half of the fourth control switches short at the same operation time, and the [2(t2)-3]th third control switch and the [2(t2)-3]th fourth control switch are not short at the same time, and the [2(t2)-2]th third control switch and the [2(t2)-2]th fourth control switch are not short at the same time.
The brushless DC dynamo as mentioned in paragraph [0007], further comprising a fifth control switch, a sixth control switch and a seventh control switch, wherein the third common potential electrode electrically is electrically connected to a terminal of the fifth control switch and a terminal of the seventh control switch and the other one terminal of the fifth control switch is electrically connected to the first common potential electrode, and the second common potential electrode electrically is electrically connected to a terminal of the sixth control switch and the other one terminal of the seventh control switch and the other one terminal of the sixth control switch is electrically connected to the fourth common potential electrode, wherein the brushless DC dynamo acts as motor connected in parallel driven by the rechargeable battery module when the fifth control switch and the sixth control switch are short and the seventh control switch is open, and the brushless DC dynamo acts as generator connected in series and charge to the rechargeable battery module when the fifth control switch and the sixth control switch are open and the seventh control switch is short.
The brushless DC dynamo as mentioned in paragraphs [0007] or [0008], wherein the driving or outputting direction of the brushless DC dynamo will be reversed when the polarities of the logic signals outputted by the logic unit are changed to upset the operation of the first control switches, the second control switches, the third control switches, and the fourth control switches of the same step without changing the first polarity of the first external electrode and the second polarity of the second external electrode. Alternatively, the brushless DC dynamo as mentioned in paragraphs [0007] or [0008], wherein the driving or outputting direction of the brushless DC dynamo will be quickly reversed to provide a power modulation function similar to bipolar pulse width modulation (PWM) when the polarities of the logic signals outputted by the logic unit are quickly changed to quickly upset the operation of the first control switches, the second control switches, the third control switches and the fourth control switches of the same step without changing the first polarity of the first external electrode and the second polarity of the second external electrode. Alternatively, the brushless DC dynamo as mentioned in paragraphs [0007] or [0008], wherein a power modulation function similar to single polar pulse width modulation (PWM) is provided when the polarities of the first external electrode and the second external electrode and the polarities of the logic signals output by the logic unit are not changed, and the logic signals output by the logic unit are quickly synchronously enabled or forbidden to quickly synchronously enable or forbid the operation of the first control switches, the second control switches, the third control switches and the fourth control switches of the same step.
The brushless DC dynamo as mentioned above, wherein the first control switch and the second control switch are power device switches.
The brushless DC dynamo as mentioned above, wherein the first control switch, the second control switch, the third control switch, the fourth control switch, the fifth control switch, the sixth control switch and the seventh control switch are power device switches.
The brushless DC dynamo as mentioned above, wherein the power device switches are SiC switches, GaN switches, bipolar junction transistor (BJT) switches, insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) switches or metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET) switches.
The brushless DC dynamo as mentioned above, wherein the magnetic unit is a permanent magnet or a electromagnet.
The brushless DC dynamo as mentioned above, wherein the logic unit is a resolver, a encoder, a Hall sensor, a photointerrupter or a photoelectric sensor.
The brushless DC dynamo as mentioned above, wherein the first armature coils and the second armature coils are manufactured by wave winding, lap winding or frog-leg winding.
The brushless DC dynamo as mentioned above, wherein the circular armature unit is a circular stator and the magnetic unit is a magnetic rotor, or alternatively the circular armature unit is a circular rotor and the magnetic is a magnetic stator.
Another feature of this invention is to provide a vehicle comprising at least one brushless DC dynamo as mentioned above.
1
According to this present invention, the commutators used in the conventional brush DC dynamo are replaced with semiconductor switches, wherein the periodically mechanical contact of the armature and different electrodes are replaced with static electronic switching array to periodically switch without any contact of the armature and electrodes. Meanwhile, the armature can work as conventional mode to maintain the distribution of the armature current when the magnetic field of the rotator is perpendicular to the magnetic field of the stator during rotating, and the damage of switch contacts caused by mechanical contact of the armature and electrodes can be avoided.
The making and using of the embodiments of the present disclosure are discussed in detail below. However, it should be noted that the embodiments provide many applicable inventive concepts that can be embodied in a variety of specific methods. The specific exemplary embodiments discussed are merely illustrative of specific methods to make and use the embodiments, and do not limit the scope of the disclosure.
Exemplary Embodiment 1This exemplary embodiment 1 according to this present invention is to provide a brushless DC dynamo, comprising: a circular armature unit, comprising: L slots of first armature conductors spaced with each other in sequence, and 1th slot of the first armature conductors is adjacent to Lth slot of the first armature conductors and spatially joined with each other, L is a natural number; and L slots of second armature conductors spaced with each other in sequence, adjacent to the L slots of the first armature conductors, and 1th slot of the second armature conductors is adjacent to Lth slot of the second armature conductors and spatially joined with each other, L is a natural number; a magnetic unit, disposed inside the circular armature unit, comprising N pairs of magnetic poles, wherein the circular armature unit and the magnetic unit rotate relatively to each other under control, N is a natural number, and each of the magnetic poles faces S slots of the circular armature unit, S is a natural number and S≥2, and each pair of the magnetic poles faces M slots of the circular armature unit, M is a natural number and M=2S, L=M*N; a pair of external electrodes comprising a first external electrode with a first polarity and a second external electrode with a second polarity, wherein the first polarity and the second polarity are opposite to each other; a control unit comprising M first control switches and M second control switches; and a logic unit electrically connected to the control unit, wherein logic signals for controlling short or open of the first control switches and the second control switches are outputted by the logic unit by sensing positions of the magnetic unit; wherein, the first armature conductors and the second armature conductors are classified as M steps of armature coils interconnecting in sequence, and Pth step of the armature coils is formed by P1 slot of the first armature conductors satisfying with 1≤Q≤N and P2 slot of the second armature conductors satisfying 1≤Q≤N interconnecting in sequence, wherein P1=1+remainder of {[P−1+(M*(Q−1))]/L}, P2=1+remainder of {[P−1+(M*(Q−1))+S]/L}, P, Q, S are all natural numbers, and 1≤P≤M, 1≤Q≤N, 1≤P1≤L, 1≤P2≤L; wherein, 1th first control switch is disposed between the first external electrode with a first polarity and a node connecting 1th step of the armature coils and Mth step of the armature coils, wherein ith first control switch is disposed between the first external electrode with a first polarity and a node connecting (i-1)th step of the armature coils and ith step of the armature coils, and ith second control switch is disposed between the second external electrode with a second polarity and a node connecting 1th step of the armature coils and Mth step of the armature coils, wherein ith second control switch is disposed between the second external electrode with a second polarity and a node connecting (i-1)th step of the armature coils and ith step of the armature coils, i is a natural number and 2≤i≤M; wherein, when the brushless DC dynamo is operated under a basic mode, there is only one of the first control switch that is short and only one of the second control switch that is short at the same operating time, wherein when 1th first control switch is short, (1+S)th second control switch is short; when 2≤i≤S, ith first control switch is short, (i+S)th second control switch is short; when i=S+1, ith first control switch is short, 1st second control switch is short; when S+1≤i≤M, ith first control switch is short, (i−S)th second control switch is short; wherein when the brushless DC dynamo is operated under transition mode during transiting from a basic mode to next basic mode, adjacent two of the first control switches or adjacent two of the second control switches of the brushless DC dynamo can be short at the same operating time, and the first control switches not adjacent to each other or the second control switches not adjacent to each other of the brushless DC dynamo cannot be short at the same operating time.
When the polarity of the first external electrode is positive and the polarity of the second external electrode is negative, the logic unit will outputs a positive logic signal to the control unit, and when 1th first control switch and (1+S)th second control switch are short, the current within the pair of the external electrodes will reverse at the node connecting to the 1th first control switch and the node connecting the Sth step of the armature coil and the (1+S)th step of the armature coil; when 2≤i≤S, and when ith first control switch and (i+S)th second control switch are short, the current within the pair of the external electrodes will reverse at the node connecting the (i-1)th step of the armature coil and ith step of the armature coil, and the node connecting the (i+S−1)th step of the armature coil and the (i+S)th step of the armature coil; when i=S+1, and when ith first control switch and 1th second control switch are short, the current within the pair of the external electrodes will reverse at the node connecting the (i-1)th step of the armature coil and 1th step of the armature coil, and the node connecting the Mth step of the armature coil and the 1th step of the armature coil; when S+1≤i≤M, and when ith first control switch and (i−S)th second control switch are short, the current within the pair of the external electrodes will reverse at the node connecting the (i-1)th step of the armature coil and ith step of the armature coil, and the node connecting the (i−S−1)th step of the armature coil and the (i−S)th step of the armature coil.
The brushless DC dynamo of the Embodiment 1 as mentioned above, wherein the first control switch and the second control switch are power device switches for example but not limited to SiC switches, GaN switches, bipolar junction transistor (BJT) switches, insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) switches or metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET) switches.
The brushless DC dynamo of the Embodiment 1 as mentioned above, wherein the magnetic unit is a permanent magnet or a electromagnet.
The brushless DC dynamo of the Embodiment 1 as mentioned above, wherein the logic element is for example but not limited to a resolver, a encoder, a Hall sensor, a photointerrupter or a photoelectric sensor.
The brushless DC dynamo of the Embodiment 1 as mentioned above, wherein the first armature coils and the second armature coils are manufactured by wave winding, lap winding or frog-leg winding.
The brushless DC dynamo of the Embodiment 1 as mentioned above, wherein the circular armature unit is a circular stator and the magnetic unit is a magnetic rotor, or alternatively the circular armature unit is a circular rotor and the magnetic is a magnetic stator.
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The magnetic unit 120 comprises N pairs of magnetic poles, wherein the circular armature unit 110 and the magnetic unit 120 can rotate relatively to each other under control, N is a natural number and L=M*N. According to this embodiment 1, N=3 since L=12 and M=4. Therefore, the magnetic unit 120 comprises 3 pairs of magnetic poles, and each pole is consisted of a N pole and a S pole. The magnetic unit 120 of this embodiment is a rotator, and the circular armature unit 110 is a stator, and the magnetic unit 120 can rotate relatively to the circular armature unit 110 under control. Alternatively, accordingly to other embodiments of this invention, the magnetic unit 120 of this embodiment is a stator, and the circular armature unit 110 is a rotator, and the circular armature unit 110 can rotate relatively to the magnetic unit 120 under control.
According to this embodiment, M=4, so the first armature conductors 1a˜12a and the second armature conductors 1b˜12b can be classified as 4 steps of armature coils interconnecting in sequence. As mentioned, Pth step of the armature coils is formed by P1 slot of the first armature conductors satisfying with 1≤Q≤N and P2 slot of the second armature conductors satisfying 1≤Q≤N interconnecting in sequence, wherein P1=1+remainder of {[P−1+(M*(Q−1))]/L}, P2=1+remainder of {[P−1+(M*(Q−1))+S]/L}, P, Q, S are all natural numbers, and 1≤P≤M, 1≤Q≤N, 1≤P1≤L, 1≤P2≤L. When L=12, M=4, N=3, S will be equal to 2, and 1≤Q≤3, 1≤P1≤12, 1≤P2≤12, then the step (P=1) of the armature coil 102 will be formed by the 1th slot (P1=1) of the first armature conductors 1a, the 3th slot (P2=3) of the second armature conductors 3b, the 5th slot (P1=5) of the first armature conductors 5a, the 7th slot (P2=7) of the second armature conductors 7b, the 9th slot (P1=9) of the first armature conductors 9a, and the 11th slot (P2=11) of the second armature conductors 11b; the 2th step (P=2) of the armature coil 203 will be formed by the 2th slot (P1=2) of the first armature conductors 2a, the 4th slot (P2=4) of the second armature conductors 4b, the 6th slot (P1=6) of the first armature conductors 6a, the 8th slot (P2=8) of the second armature conductors 8b, the 10th slot (P1=10) of the first armature conductors 10a, and the 12th slot (P2=12) of the second armature conductors 12b; the 3th step (P=3) of the armature coil 304 will be formed by the 3th slot (P1=3) of the first armature conductors 3a, the 5th slot (P2=5) of the second armature conductors 5b, the 7th slot (P1=7) of the first armature conductors 7a, the 9th slot (P2=9) of the second armature conductors 9b, the 11th slot (P1=11) of the first armature conductors 11a, and the 1th slot (P2=1) of the second armature conductors 1b; the 4th step (P=4) of the armature coil 401 will be formed by the 4th slot (P1=4) of the first armature conductors 4a, the 6th slot (P2=6) of the second armature conductors 6b, the 8th slot (P1=8) of the first armature conductors 8a, the 10th slot (P2=10) of the second armature conductors 10b, the 12th slot (P1=12) of the first armature conductors 12a, and the 2th slot (P2=2) of the second armature conductors 2b. Each step of the armature coils can be formed by alternatively connecting the first armature conductors and the second armature conductors in sequence as shown in
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According to the brushless DC dynamo 1000 of this embodiment 1, the magnetic unit 120 will counterclockwise rotate relatively to circular armature unit 110 when the polarity of the first external electrode 160 is positive and the polarity of the second external electrode 170 is negative, and the logic unit (not shown) outputs a negative logic signal to the control unit (not shown).
According to the brushless DC dynamo 1000 of this embodiment 1, the magnetic unit 120 will counterclockwise rotate relatively to circular armature unit 110 when the polarity of the first external electrode 160 is negative and the polarity of the second external electrode 170 is positive, and the logic unit (not shown) outputs a positive logic signal to the control unit (not shown).
According to the brushless DC dynamo 1000 of this embodiment 1, the magnetic unit 120 will clockwise rotate relatively to circular armature unit 110 when the polarity of the first external electrode 160 is negative and the polarity of the second external electrode 170 is positive, and the logic unit (not shown) outputs a negative logic signal to the control unit (not shown).
Moreover, the driving direction or output direction of the brushless DC dynamo 1000 will be reversed when the polarities of the first external electrode 160 and the second external electrode 170 are not changed, and the polarity outputted by the logic unit (not shown) is changed to reverse the operations of all first control switches 200A˜200D and all second control switches 300A˜300D of the same step. Specially, the driving direction or output direction of the brushless DC dynamo 1000 will be quickly reversed to provide a function of bi-polar pulse with modulation (PWM) when the polarities of the first external electrode 160 and the second external electrode 170 are not changed, and the polarity of signals i outputted by the logic unit (not shown) s quickly changed to reverse the operations of all first control switches 200A˜200D and all second control switches 300A˜300D of the same step. In addition, the function of unipolar pulse with modulation (PWM) mentioned above can be achieved by quickly enabling or disenabling signals outputted by the logic unit (not shown) without changing polarities thereof to simultaneously enable or disenable the operations of all first control switches 200A-200D and all second control switches 300A˜300D of the same step.
Furthermore, the above-mentioned brushless DC dynamo 1000 according to Embodiment 1 of this invention can be equipped with a vehicle, and the rotation direction of the driving axis of the vehicle can be changed by controlling the magnetic unit 120 to clockwise or counterclockwise rotate relatively to the circular armature unit 110 of the above-mentioned brushless DC dynamo 1000 controlled by the polarities of the first external electrode 160, the second external electrode 170 and the logic signals output by the logic unit.
Exemplary Embodiment 2This Exemplary Embodiment 2 according to this present invention is to provide another brushless DC dynamo, comprising: a circular armature unit, comprising: L slots of first armature conductors spaced with each other in sequence, and 1th slot of the first armature conductors is adjacent to Lth slot of the first armature conductors and spatially joined with each other, L is a natural number; and L slots of second armature conductors spaced with each other in sequence, adjacent to the L slots of the first armature conductors, and 1th slot of the second armature conductors is adjacent to Lth slot of the second armature conductors and spatially joined with each other, L is a natural number; a magnetic unit, disposed inside the circular armature unit, comprising N pairs of magnetic poles, wherein the circular armature unit and the magnetic unit rotate relatively to each other under control, N is a natural number, and each of the magnetic poles faces S slots of the circular armature unit, S is a natural number and S≥2, and each pair of the magnetic poles faces M′ slots of the circular armature unit, M′ is a natural number and M′=2S, L=M′*N; a pair of external electrodes comprising a first external electrode with a first polarity and a second external electrode with a second polarity, wherein the first polarity and the second polarity are opposite to each other; a control unit comprising M′ first control switches and M′ second control switches; and a logic unit electrically connected to the control unit, wherein logic signals for controlling short or open of the first control switches and the second control switches are outputted by the logic unit by sensing positions of the magnetic unit; wherein, the first armature conductors and the second armature conductors are classified as M′ steps of armature coils interconnecting in sequence, and Pth step of the armature coils is formed by P1 slot of the first armature conductors satisfying with 1≤Q≤N and P2 slot of the second armature conductors satisfying 1≤Q≤N interconnecting in sequence, wherein P1=1+remainder of {[P−1+(M′*(Q−1)+S)]/L}, P2=1+remainder of {[P−1+(M′*(Q−1))]/L}, P, Q, P1, P2 are all natural numbers, and M′≥4, 1≤P≤M′, 1≤Q≤N, 1≤P1≤L, 1≤P2≤L, and the armature coils are classified as S classes, wherein tth class of the armature coils is formed by tth step of the armature coils and (t+S)th step of the armature coils reversely connected in sequence or in parallel, t is a natural number and t≤S; wherein, a (2t−1)th node and a (2t)th node are on two terminals of the tth class of the armature coils formed by tth step of the armature coils and (t+S)th step of the armature coils reversely connected in sequence or in parallel, and a tth first control switch is interconnected with the first external electrode with a first polarity at the (2t−1)th node, and a (t+S)th second control switch is interconnected with the second external electrode with a second polarity at the (2t)th node; wherein, there are at most half of the first control switches short and at most half of the second control switches short at the same operation time, and the tth first control switch and the tth second control switch are not short at the same time, and the (t+S)th first control switch and the (t+S)th second control switch are not short at the same time.
The brushless DC dynamo of the Embodiment 2 as mentioned above, wherein the first control switch and the second control switch are power device switches for example but not limited to SiC switches, GaN switches, bipolar junction transistor (BJT) switches, insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) switches or metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET) switches.
The brushless DC dynamo of the Embodiment 2 as mentioned above, wherein the magnetic unit is a permanent magnet or a electromagnet.
The brushless DC dynamo of the Embodiment 2 as mentioned above, wherein the logic element is for example but not limited to a resolver, a encoder, a Hall sensor, a photointerrupter or a photoelectric sensor.
The brushless DC dynamo of the Embodiment 2 as mentioned above, wherein the first armature coils and the second armature coils are manufactured by wave winding, lap winding or frog-leg winding.
The brushless DC dynamo of the Embodiment 2 as mentioned above, wherein the circular armature unit is a circular stator and the magnetic unit is a magnetic rotor, or alternatively the circular armature unit is a circular rotor and the magnetic is a magnetic stator.
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The magnetic unit 120 comprises N pairs of magnetic poles, wherein the circular armature unit 110 and the magnetic unit 120 can rotate relatively to each other under control, N is a natural number and L=M′ *N. According to this embodiment 1, N=3 since L=12 and M′=4. Therefore, the magnetic unit 120 comprises 3 pairs of magnetic poles, and each pole is consisted of a N pole and a S pole. The magnetic unit 120 of this embodiment is a rotator, and the circular armature unit 110 is a stator, and the magnetic unit 120 can rotate relatively to the circular armature unit 110 under control. Alternatively, accordingly to other embodiments of this invention, the magnetic unit 120 of this embodiment is a stator, and the circular armature unit 110 is a rotator, and the circular armature unit 110 can rotate relatively to the magnetic unit 120 under control.
According to this embodiment, M′=4, so the first armature conductors 1a˜12a and the second armature conductors 1b˜12b can be classified as 4 steps of armature coils interconnecting in sequence. As mentioned, Pth step of the armature coils is formed by P1 slot of the first armature conductors and P2 slot of the second armature conductors interconnecting in sequence or in parallel, wherein P1=1+remainder of {[P−1+(M′ *(Q−1))]/L}, P2=1+remainder of {[P−1+(M′*(Q−1))+S]/L}, P, Q, P1 P2 are all natural numbers, and M′≥4, 1≤Q≤N, 1≤P2≤L. When L=12, M′=4, and N=3, S will be equal to 2, 1≤P≤4, 1≤Q≤3, ≤P1≤12, and 1≤P2≤12, thereby the 1th step (P=1) of the armature coil 102 will be formed by the 1th slot (P1=1) of the first armature conductors 1a, the 3th slot (P2=3) of the second armature conductors 3b, the 5th slot (P1=5) of the first armature conductors 5a, the 7th slot (P2=7) of the second armature conductors 7b, the 9th slot (P1=9) of the first armature conductors 9a, and the 11th slot (P2=11) of the second armature conductors 11b; the 2th step (P=2) of the armature coil 203 will be formed by the 2th slot (P1=2) of the first armature conductors 2a, the 4th slot (P2=4) of the second armature conductors 4b, the 6th slot (P1=6) of the first armature conductors 6a, the 8th slot (P2=8) of the second armature conductors 8b, the 10th slot (P1=10) of the first armature conductors 10a, and the 12th slot (P2=12) of the second armature conductors 12b; the 3th step (P=3) of the armature coil 304 will be formed by the 3th slot (P1=3) of the first armature conductors 3a, the 5th slot (P2=5) of the second armature conductors 5b, the 7th slot (P1=7) of the first armature conductors 7a, the 9th slot (P2=9) of the second armature conductors 9b, the 11th slot (P1=11) of the first armature conductors 11a, and the 1th slot (P2=1) of the second armature conductors 1b; the 4th step (P=4) of the armature coil 401 will be formed by the 4th slot (P1=4) of the first armature conductors 4a, the 6th slot (P2=6) of the second armature conductors 6b, the 8th slot (P1=8) of the first armature conductors 8a, the 10th slot (P2=10) of the second armature conductors 10b, the 12th slot (P1=12) of the first armature conductors 12a, and the 2th slot (P2=2) of the second armature conductors 2b. Each step of the armature coils can be formed by alternatively connecting the first armature conductors and the second armature conductors in sequence as shown in
As mentioned above, M′ steps of the armature coils of this Embodiment 2 are classified into S classes, and the tth class of the armature coils is formed by reversely interconnecting the tth step of the armature coils and (t+S)th of the armature coils in sequence or in parallel, wherein t is a natural number and t≤S. S of this present Embodiment 2 equals to 2, it means 1≤t≤2. Therefore, when M′=4, 4 steps of the armature coils of this Embodiment 2 are classified into 2 classes, wherein the first class of the armature coils is formed by reversely interconnecting the step of the armature coils and the 3th step of the armature coils in sequence, and the second class of the armature coils is formed by reversely interconnecting the 2th step of the armature coils and the 4th step of the armature coils in sequence. Alternatively, accordingly to other embodiments of this invention, the first class of the armature coils can also be formed by reversely interconnecting the step of the armature coils and the 3th step of the armature coils reversely interconnected in parallel, and the second class of the armature coils can also be formed by reversely interconnecting the 2th step of the armature coils and the 4th step of the armature coils in parallel.
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According to the brushless DC dynamo 2000′ of this Embodiment 2, the magnetic unit 120 will counterclockwise rotate relatively to circular armature unit 110 when the polarity of the first external electrode 160 is positive and the polarity of the second external electrode 170 is negative, and the logic unit (not shown) outputs a negative logic signal to the control unit (not shown).
According to the brushless DC dynamo 1000 of this Embodiment 2, the magnetic unit 120 will clockwise rotate relatively to circular armature unit 110 when the polarity of the first external electrode 160 is negative and the polarity of the second external electrode 170 is positive, and the logic unit (not shown) outputs a negative logic signal to the control unit (not shown).
According to the brushless DC dynamo 1000 of this Embodiment 2, the magnetic unit 120 will counter clockwise rotate relatively to circular armature unit 110 when the polarity of the first external electrode 160 is negative and the polarity of the second external electrode 170 is positive, and the logic unit (not shown) outputs a positive logic signal to the control unit (not shown).
Furthermore, the above-mentioned brushless DC dynamo 2000′ according to Embodiment 2 of this invention can be equipped with a vehicle, and the rotation direction of the driving axis of the vehicle can be changed by controlling the magnetic unit 120 to clockwise or counterclockwise rotate relatively to the circular armature unit 110 of the above-mentioned brushless DC dynamo 2000′ controlled by the polarities of the first external electrode 160, the second external electrode 170 and the logic signals output by the logic unit.
According to the brushless DC dynamos 2000 and 2000′ of this Embodiment 2, the magnetic unit 120 will clockwise rotate relatively to circular armature unit 110 when the polarity of the first external electrode 160 is positive and the polarity of the second external electrode 170 is negative, and the logic unit (not shown) outputs a negative logic signal to the control unit (not shown).
According to the brushless DC dynamos 2000 and 2000′ of this Embodiment 2, the magnetic unit 120 will clockwise rotate relatively to circular armature unit 110 when the polarity of the first external electrode 160 is negative and the polarity of the second external electrode 170 is positive, and the logic unit (not shown) outputs a negative logic signal to the control unit (not shown).
According to the brushless DC dynamos 2000 and 2000′ of this Embodiment 2, the magnetic unit 120 will counterclockwise rotate relatively to circular armature unit 110 when the polarity of the first external electrode 160 is negative and the polarity of the second external electrode 170 is positive, and the logic unit (not shown) outputs a positive logic signal to the control unit (not shown).
Moreover, the driving direction or output direction of the brushless DC dynamos 2000 and 2000′ will be reversed when the polarities of the first external electrode 160 and the second external electrode 170 are not changed, and the polarity outputted by the logic unit (not shown) is changed to reverse the operations of all first control switches 200A˜200D and all second control switches 300A˜300D of the same step. Specially, the driving direction or output direction of the brushless DC dynamos 2000 and 2000′ will be quickly reversed to provide a function of bi-polar pulse with modulation (PWM) when the polarities of the first external electrode 160 and the second external electrode 170 are not changed, and the polarity of signals i outputted by the logic unit (not shown) s quickly changed to reverse the operations of all first control switches 200A˜200D and all second control switches 300A˜300D of the same step. In addition, the function of unipolar pulse with modulation (PWM) mentioned above can be achieved by quickly enabling or disenabling signals outputted by the logic unit (not shown) without changing polarities thereof to simultaneously enable or disenable the operations of all first control switches 200A˜200D and all second control switches 300A˜300D of the same step.
Furthermore, the above-mentioned brushless DC dynamos 2000 and 2000′ according to Embodiment 2 of this invention can be equipped with a vehicle, and the rotation direction of the driving axis of the vehicle can be changed by controlling the magnetic unit 120 to clockwise or counterclockwise rotate relatively to the circular armature unit 110 of the above-mentioned brushless DC dynamo 1000 controlled by the polarities of the first external electrode 160, the second external electrode 170 and the logic signals output by the logic unit.
Exemplary Embodiment 3This Exemplary Embodiment 3 according to this present invention is to provide another brushless DC dynamo 3000, comprising: a circular armature unit, comprising: L slots of first armature conductors spaced with each other in sequence, and 1th slot of the first armature conductors is adjacent to Lth slot of the first armature conductors and spatially joined with each other, L is a natural number; and L slots of second armature conductors spaced with each other in sequence, adjacent to the L slots of the first armature conductors, and 1th slot of the second armature conductors is adjacent to Lth slot of the second armature conductors and spatially joined with each other, L is a natural number; a magnetic unit, disposed inside the circular armature unit, comprising N pairs of magnetic poles, wherein the circular armature unit and the magnetic unit rotate relatively to each other under control, N is a natural number, and each of the magnetic poles faces S slots of the circular armature unit, S is a natural number and S≥2, and each pair of the magnetic poles faces M′ slots of the circular armature unit, M′ is a natural number and M′=2S, L=M′*N; a pair of external electrodes comprising a first external electrode with a first polarity and a second external electrode with a second polarity, wherein the first polarity and the second polarity are opposite to each other, and the pair of external electrodes is a rechargeable battery or a power supplying module, and the first external electrode is interconnected to the rechargeable battery or the power supplying module in sequence by a inductor; a first common potential electrode directly or indirectly electrically connected to the first external electrode with a first polarity; a second common potential electrode; a third common potential electrode electrically connected to the second common potential electrode; a fourth common potential electrode directly or indirectly electrically connected to the second external electrode with a second polarity; a control unit comprising M1′ first control switches, M1′ second control switches, M2′ third control switches and M2′ fourth control switches, wherein M1′=2S1, M2′=2S2, M1′+M2′≤M′, and S1≥1 S2≥1 S1+S2≤S, and M1′, M2′, S1 and S2 are all natural numbers; and a logic unit electrically connected to the control unit, wherein logic signals for controlling short or open of the first control switches, the second control switches, the third control switches and the fourth control switches are outputted by the logic unit by sensing the positions of the magnetic unit; wherein, the first armature conductors and the second armature conductors are classified as M′ steps of armature coils interconnecting in sequence, and Pth step of the armature coils is formed by P1 slot of the first armature conductors satisfying with 1≤Q≤N and P2 slot of the second armature conductors satisfying 1≤Q≤N interconnecting in sequence, wherein P1=1+remainder of {[P−1+(M′ *(Q−1))]/L}, P2=1+remainder of {[P−1+(M′*(Q−1))+S]/L}, P, Q, P1, P2 are all natural numbers, and M′≥4, 1≤P0≤M′, 1≤Q≤N, 1≤P1≤L, 1≤P2≤L, and the armature coils are classified as S classes, and the S classes of the armature coils are further divided into a first group and a second group, wherein the first group includes S1 classes of the armatures coils and the second group includes S2 classes of the armatures coils; wherein, the S1 classes of the armature coils in the first class are independently connected to the first control switch electrically connected to the first common potential electrode and the second control switch electrically connected to the second common potential electrode, wherein t1th class of the armature coils is formed by t1 step of the armature coils and t1+Sth step of the armature coils reversely connected in sequence or in parallel, t1 is a natural number and 1≤t1≤S, and wherein, a [2(t1)−1]th node and a [2(t1)]h node are on two terminals of the t1th class of the armature coils, and a [2(t1)]h first control switch is interconnected between the first common potential electrode and the [2(t1)−1]th node, and a [2(t1)−1]th second control switch is interconnected between the second common potential electrode and the [2(t1)−1]th node, and there are at most half of the first control switches short and at most half of the second control switches short at the same operation time, and the [2(t1)−1]th first control switch and the [2(t1)−1]th second control switch are not short at the same time, and the [2(t1)]th first control switch and the [2(t1)]th second control switch are not short at the same time; wherein, the S2 class esof the armature coils in the second class are independently connected to the third control switch electrically connected to the third common potential electrode and the fourth control switch electrically connected to the fourth common potential electrode, wherein t2th class of the armature coils is formed by t2 step of the armature coils and (t2+S)th step of the armature coils reversely connected in sequence or in parallel, t2 is a natural number and S1+1≤t2≤S, and a [2(t2)−1]th node and a [2(t2)-3]th node are on two terminals of the t2th class of the armature coils, and a [2(t2)-3]th third control switch is interconnected with the third common potential electrode at the [2(t2)−1]th node, and a [2(t2)-2]th second control switch is interconnected with the second common potential electrode at the [2(t2)]th node, and there are at most half of the third control switches short and at most half of the fourth control switches short at the same operation time, and the [2(t2)-3]th third control switch and the [2(t2)-3]th fourth control switch are not short at the same time, and the [2(t2)-2]th third control switch and the [2(t2)-2]th fourth control switch are not short at the same time.
The brushless DC dynamo 3000 of the Embodiment 3 as mentioned above, wherein the first control switch, the second control switch, the third control switch and the fourth control switch are power device switches for example but not limited to SiC switches, GaN switches, bipolar junction transistor (BJT) switches, insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) switches or metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET) switches.
The brushless DC dynamo 3000 of the Embodiment 3 as mentioned above, wherein the magnetic unit is a permanent magnet or a electromagnet.
The brushless DC dynamo 3000 of the Embodiment 3 as mentioned above, wherein the logic element is for example but not limited to a resolver, a encoder, a Hall sensor, a photointerrupter or a photoelectric sensor.
The brushless DC dynamo 3000 of the Embodiment 3 as mentioned above, wherein the first armature coils and the second armature coils are manufactured by wave winding, lap winding or frog-leg winding.
The brushless DC dynamo 3000 of the Embodiment 3 as mentioned above, wherein the circular armature unit is a circular stator and the magnetic unit is a magnetic rotor, or alternatively the circular armature unit is a circular rotor and the magnetic is a magnetic stator.
An armature coil with twelve slots is taken as an example to explain this Embodiment 3. Accordingly, it means L=12, The magnetic unit comprises 3 pairs of magnetic poles (N=3), wherein the circular armature unit and the magnetic unit rotate relatively to each other under control.
As mentioned above, L=M′*N, and M′=4 since L=12 and N=3. Therefore, the first armature conductors (not shown) and the second armature conductors (not shown) can be classified into four steps, wherein the step of the armature coils 102 and the third step of the armature coil 304 are reversely interconnected in sequence, and the second step of the armature coils 203 and the 4th step armature coil 401 are reversely interconnected in sequence. Alternatively, according to other embodiments of this invention, the step of the armature coils and the third step of the armature coils are reversely interconnected in parallel, and the second step of the armature coils and the 4th step of the armature coils are reversely interconnected in parallel.
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According to the brushless DC dynamo 3000 of this Embodiment 3, the magnetic unit 120 will clockwise rotate relatively to circular armature unit 110 when the polarity of the first external electrode 160 is positive and the polarity of the second external electrode 170 is negative, and the logic unit (not shown) outputs a positive logic signal to the control unit (not shown).
According to the brushless DC dynamo 3000 of this Embodiment 3, the magnetic unit 120 will counterclockwise rotate relatively to circular armature unit 110 when the polarity of the first external electrode 160 is positive and the polarity of the second external electrode 170 is negative, and the logic unit (not shown) outputs a negative logic signal to the control unit (not shown).
According to the brushless DC dynamo 3000 of this Embodiment 3, the magnetic unit 120 will clockwise rotate relatively to circular armature unit 110 when the polarity of the first external electrode 160 is negative and the polarity of the second external electrode 170 is positive, and the logic unit (not shown) outputs a negative logic signal to the control unit (not shown).
According to the brushless DC dynamo 3000 of this Embodiment 3, the magnetic unit 120 will counterclockwise rotate relatively to circular armature unit 110 when the polarity of the first external electrode 160 is negative and the polarity of the second external electrode 170 is positive, and the logic unit (not shown) outputs a positive logic signal to the control unit (not shown).
Moreover, the driving direction or output direction of the brushless DC dynamo 3000 will be reversed when the polarities of the first external electrode 160 and the second external electrode 170 are not changed, and the polarity outputted by the logic unit (not shown) is changed to reverse the operations of all first control switches 255A˜255B, all second control switches 256A˜256B, all third control switches 257A˜257B and all fourth control switches 258A˜258B of the same step. Specially, the driving direction or output direction of the brushless DC dynamo 3000 will be quickly reversed to provide a function of bi-polar pulse with modulation (PWM) when the polarities of the first external electrode 160 and the second external electrode 170 are not changed, and the polarity of signals outputted by the logic unit (not shown) is quickly changed to reverse the operations of all first control switches 255A˜255B, all second control switches 256A˜256B, all third control switches 257A˜257B and all fourth control switches 258A˜258B of the same step. In addition, the function of unipolar pulse with modulation (PWM) mentioned above can be achieved by quickly enabling or disenabling signals outputted by the logic unit (not shown) without changing polarities thereof to simultaneously enable or disenable the operations of all first control switches 255A˜255B, all second control switches 256A˜256B, all third control switches 257A˜257B and all fourth control switches 258A˜258B of the same step.
Furthermore, the above-mentioned brushless DC dynamo 3000 according to Embodiment 3 of this invention can be equipped with a vehicle, and the rotation direction of the driving axis of the vehicle can be changed by controlling the magnetic unit 120 to clockwise or counterclockwise rotate relatively to the circular armature unit 110 of the above-mentioned brushless DC dynamo 3000 controlled by the polarities of the first external electrode 160, the second external electrode 170 and the logic signals output by the logic unit.
Exemplary Embodiment 4The structure of the brushless DC dynamo 4000 of this Embodiment 4 is similar to that of the brushless DC dynamo 3000, except that the brushless DC dynamo 4000 further comprises a 5th control switch 400A, a 6th control switch 400B and a 7th control switch 400C.
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Furthermore, the brushless DC dynamo 400 can optionally comprise a resistor (not shown) and electrically to the inductor L in parallel.
The brushless DC dynamo 4000 of the Embodiment 4 as mentioned above, wherein the first control switch, the second control switch, the third control switch and the fourth control switch are power device switches for example but not limited to SiC switches, GaN switches, bipolar junction transistor (BJT) switches, insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) switches or metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET) switches.
The brushless DC dynamo 4000 of the Embodiment 4 as mentioned above, wherein the magnetic unit is a permanent magnet or a electromagnet.
The brushless DC dynamo 4000 of the Embodiment 4 as mentioned above, wherein the logic element is for example but not limited to a resolver, a encoder, a Hall sensor, a photointerrupter or a photoelectric sensor.
The brushless DC dynamo 4000 of the Embodiment 4 as mentioned above, wherein the first armature coils and the second armature coils are manufactured by wave winding, lap winding or frog-leg winding.
The brushless DC dynamo 4000 of the Embodiment 4 as mentioned above, wherein the circular armature unit is a circular stator and the magnetic unit is a magnetic rotor, or alternatively the circular armature unit is a circular rotor and the magnetic is a magnetic stator.
Moreover, the driving direction or output direction of the brushless DC dynamo 4000 will be reversed when the polarities of the first external electrode 160 and the second external electrode 170 are not changed, and the polarity outputted by the logic unit (not shown) is changed to reverse the operations of all first control switches 255A˜255B, all second control switches 256A˜256B, all third control switches 257A˜257B and all fourth control switches 258A˜258B of the same step. Specially, the driving direction or output direction of the brushless DC dynamo 3000 will be quickly reversed to provide a function of bi-polar pulse with modulation (PWM) when the polarities of the first external electrode 160 and the second external electrode 170 are not changed, and the polarity of signals outputted by the logic unit (not shown) is quickly changed to reverse the operations of all first control switches 255A˜255B, all second control switches 256A˜256B, all third control switches 257A˜257B and all fourth control switches 258A˜258B of the same step. In addition, the function of unipolar pulse with modulation (PWM) mentioned above can be achieved by quickly enabling or disenabling signals outputted by the logic unit (not shown) without changing polarities thereof to simultaneously enable or disenable the operations of all first control switches 255A˜255B, all second control switches 256A˜256B, all third control switches 257A˜257B and all fourth control switches 258A˜258B of the same step.
Furthermore, the above-mentioned brushless DC dynamo 4000 according to Embodiment 4 of this invention can be equipped with a vehicle, and the rotation direction of the driving axis of the vehicle can be changed by controlling the magnetic unit 120 to clockwise or counterclockwise rotate relatively to the circular armature unit 110 of the above-mentioned brushless DC dynamo 4000 controlled by the polarities of the first external electrode 160, the second external electrode 170 and the logic signals output by the logic unit.
The invention has been described by way of example and in terms of the preferred embodiments, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the disclosed embodiments. To the contrary, it is intended to cover various modifications and similar arrangements (as would be apparent to those skilled in the art). Therefore, the scope of the appended claims should be accorded the broadest interpretation so as to encompass all such modifications and similar arrangements.
Claims
1. A brushless DC dynamo, comprising:
- a circular armature unit, comprising: L slots of first armature conductors spaced with each other in sequence, and 1th slot of the first armature conductors is adjacent to Lth slot of the first armature conductors and spatially joined with each other, L is a natural number; and L slots of second armature conductors spaced with each other in sequence, adjacent to the Lth slots of the first armature conductors, and 1th slot of the second armature conductors is adjacent to Lth slot of the second armature conductors and spatially joined with each other, L is a natural number;
- a magnetic unit, disposed inside the circular armature unit, comprising N pairs of magnetic poles, N is a natural number, wherein the circular armature unit and the magnetic unit rotate relatively to each other under control, and each of the magnetic poles faces S slots of the circular armature unit, S is a natural number and S≥2, and each pair of the magnetic poles faces M slots of the circular armature unit, M is a natural number, M=2S and L=M*N;
- a pair of external electrodes comprising a first external electrode with a first polarity and a second external electrode with a second polarity, wherein the first polarity and the second polarity are opposite to each other;
- a control unit comprising M first control switches and M second control switches; and
- a logic unit electrically connected to the control unit, wherein logic signals for controlling short or open of the first control switches and the second control switches are outputted by the logic unit by sensing positions of the magnetic unit;
- wherein, the first armature conductors and the second armature conductors are classified as M steps of armature coils interconnecting in sequence, and Pth step of the armature coils is formed by P1 slot of the first armature conductors satisfying with 1≤Q≤N and P2 slot of the second armature conductors satisfying 1≤Q≤N interconnecting in sequence, wherein P1=1+remainder of {[P−1+(M*(Q−1))]/L}, P2=1+remainder of {[P−1+(M*(Q−1))+S]/L}, P, Q, S are all natural numbers, and 1≤P≤M, 1≤Q≤N, 1≤P1≤L, 1≤P2≤L;
- wherein, first control switch is disposed between the first external electrode with a first polarity and a node connecting 1th step of the armature coils and Mth step of the armature coils, wherein ith first control switch is disposed between the first external electrode with a first polarity and a node connecting (i-1)th step of the armature coils and ith step of the armature coils, and ith second control switch is disposed between the second external electrode with a second polarity and a node connecting 1th step of the armature coils and Mth step of the armature coils, wherein ith second control switch is disposed between the second external electrode with a second polarity and a node connecting (i-1)th step of the armature coils and ith step of the armature coils, i is a natural number and 2≤i≤M;
- wherein, when the brushless DC dynamo is operated under a basic mode, there is only one of the first control switch that is short and only one of the second control switch that is short at the same operating time, wherein when first control switch is short, (1+S)th second control switch is short; when 2≤i≤S, ith first control switch is short, (i+S)th second control switch is short; when i=S+1, ith first control switch is short, 1st second control switch is short; when S+1≤i≤M, ith first control switch is short, (i−S)th second control switch is short;
- wherein when the brushless DC dynamo is operated under transition mode during transiting from a basic mode to next basic mode, adjacent two of the first control switches or adjacent two of the second control switches of the brushless DC dynamo can be short at the same operating time, and the first control switches not adjacent to each other or the second control switches not adjacent to each other of the brushless DC dynamo cannot be short at the same operating time.
2. The brushless DC dynamo as claimed in claim 1, wherein the driving or outputting direction of the brushless DC dynamo will be reversed when the polarities of the logic signals outputted by the logic unit are changed to upset the operation of the first control switches and the second control switches of the same step without changing the first polarity of the first external electrode and the second polarity of the second external electrode.
3. The brushless DC dynamo as claimed in claim 2, wherein the driving or outputting direction of the brushless DC dynamo will be quickly reversed to provide a power modulation function similar to bipolar pulse width modulation (PWM) when the polarities of the logic signals outputted by the logic unit are quickly changed to quickly upset the operation of the first control switches and the second control switches of the same step without changing the first polarity of the first external electrode and the second polarity of the second external electrode.
4. The brushless DC dynamo as claimed in claim 1, wherein a power modulation function similar to single polar pulse width modulation (PWM) is provided when the polarities of the first external electrode and the second external electrode and the polarities of the logic signals output by the logic unit are not changed, and the logic signals output by the logic unit are quickly synchronously enabled or forbidden to quickly synchronously enable or forbid the operation of the first control switches and the second control switches of the same step.
5. A brushless DC dynamo, comprising:
- a circular armature unit, comprising: L slots of first armature conductors spaced with each other in sequence, and 1th slot of the first armature conductors is adjacent to Lth slot of the first armature conductors and spatially joined with each other, L is a natural number; and L slots of second armature conductors spaced with each other in sequence, adjacent to the L slots of the first armature conductors, and 1th slot of the second armature conductors is adjacent to Lth slot of the second armature conductors and spatially joined with each other, L is a natural number;
- a magnetic unit, disposed inside the circular armature unit, comprising N pairs of magnetic poles, wherein the circular armature unit and the magnetic unit rotate relatively to each other under control, N is a natural number, and each of the magnetic poles faces S slots of the circular armature unit, S is a natural number and S≥2, and each pair of the magnetic poles faces M′ slots of the circular armature unit, M′ is a natural number and M′=2S, L=M′*N;
- a pair of external electrodes comprising a first external electrode with a first polarity and a second external electrode with a second polarity, wherein the first polarity and the second polarity are opposite to each other;
- a control unit comprising M′ first control switches and M′ second control switches; and
- a logic unit electrically connected to the control unit, wherein logic signals for controlling short or open of the first control switches and the second control switches are outputted by the logic unit by sensing positions of the magnetic unit;
- wherein, the first armature conductors and the second armature conductors are classified as M′ steps of armature coils interconnecting in sequence, and Pth step of the armature coils is formed by P1 slot of the first armature conductors satisfying with 1≤Q≤N and P2 slot of the second armature conductors satisfying 1≤Q≤N interconnecting in sequence, wherein P1=1+remainder of {[P−1+(M′*(Q−1)+S)]/L}, P2=1+remainder of {[P−1+(M′*(Q−1))]/L}, P, Q, P1, P2 are all natural numbers, and M′≥4, 1≤P≤M′, 1≤Q≤N, 1≤P1≤L, 1≤P2≤L, and the armature coils are classified as S classes, wherein tth class of the armature coils is formed by tth step of the armature coils and (t+S)th step of the armature coils reversely connected in sequence or in parallel, t is a natural number and t≤S;
- wherein, a (2t−1)th node and a (2t)th node are on two terminals of the tth class of the armature coils formed by tth step of the armature coils and (t+S)th step of the armature coils reversely connected in sequence or in parallel, and a tth first control switch is interconnected with the first external electrode with a first polarity at the (2t−1)th node, and a (t+S)th second control switch is interconnected with the second external electrode with a second polarity at the (2t)th node;
- wherein, there are at most half of the first control switches short and at most half of the second control switches short at the same operation time, and the tth first control switch and the tth second control switch are not short at the same time, and the the (t+S)th first control switch and the (t+S)th second control switch are not short at the same time.
6. The brushless DC dynamo as claimed in claim 5, wherein the driving or outputting direction of the brushless DC dynamo will be reversed when the polarities of the logic signals outputted by the logic unit are changed to upset the operation of the first control switches and the second control switches of the same step without changing the first polarity of the first external electrode and the second polarity of the second external electrode.
7. The brushless DC dynamo as claimed in claim 6, wherein the driving or outputting direction of the brushless DC dynamo will be quickly reversed to provide a power modulation function similar to bipolar pulse width modulation (PWM) when the polarities of the logic signals outputted by the logic unit are quickly changed to quickly upset the operation of the first control switches and the second control switches of the same step without changing the first polarity of the first external electrode and the second polarity of the second external electrode, or a power modulation function similar to single polar pulse width modulation (PWM) is provided when the polarities of the first external electrode and the second external electrode and the polarities of the logic signal output by the logic unit are not changed, and the logic signals output by the logic unit are quickly synchronously enabled or forbidden to quickly synchronously enable or forbid the operation of the first control switches and the second control switches of the same step.
8. The brushless DC dynamo as claimed in claim 5, wherein a power modulation function similar to single polar pulse width modulation (PWM) is provided when the polarities of the first external electrode and the second external electrode and the polarities of the logic signals output by the logic unit are not changed, and the logic signals output by the logic unit are quickly synchronously enabled or forbidden to quickly synchronously enable or forbid the operation of the first control switches and the second control switches of the same step.
9. A brushless DC dynamo, comprising:
- a circular armature unit, comprising: L slots of first armature conductors spaced with each other in sequence, and 1th slot of the first armature conductors is adjacent to Lth slot of the first armature conductors and spatially joined with each other, L is a natural number; and L slots of second armature conductors spaced with each other in sequence, adjacent to the L slots of the first armature conductors, and 1th slot of the second armature conductors is adjacent to Lth slot of the second armature conductors and spatially joined with each other, L is a natural number;
- a magnetic unit, disposed inside the circular armature unit, comprising N pairs of magnetic poles, wherein the circular armature unit and the magnetic unit rotate relatively to each other under control, N is a natural number, and each of the magnetic poles faces S slots of the circular armature unit, S is a natural number and S≥2, and each pair of the magnetic poles faces M′ slots of the circular armature unit, M′ is a natural number and M′=2S, L=M′*N;
- a pair of external electrodes comprising a first external electrode with a first polarity and a second external electrode with a second polarity, wherein the first polarity and the second polarity are opposite to each other, and the pair of external electrodes is a rechargeable battery or a power supplying module, and the first external electrode is interconnected to the rechargeable battery or the power supplying module in sequence by a inductor;
- a first common potential electrode directly or indirectly electrically connected to the first external electrode with a first polarity;
- a second common potential electrode;
- a third common potential electrode electrically connected to the second common potential electrode;
- a fourth common potential electrode directly or indirectly electrically connected to the second external electrode with a second polarity;
- a control unit comprising M1′ first control switches, M1′ second control switches, M2′ third control switches and M2′ fourth control switches, wherein M1′=2S1, M2′=2S2, M1′+M2′≤M′, and S1≥1, S2≥1, S1+S2≤S, and M1′, M2′, S1 and S2 are all natural numbers; and
- a logic unit electrically connected to the control unit, wherein logic signals for controlling short or open of the first control switches, the second control switches, the third control switches and the fourth control switches are outputted by the logic unit by sensing the positions of the magnetic unit;
- wherein, the first armature conductors and the second armature conductors are classified as M′ steps of armature coils interconnecting in sequence, and Pth step of the armature coils is formed by P1 slot of the first armature conductors satisfying with 1≤Q≤N and P2 slot of the second armature conductors satisfying 1≤Q≤N interconnecting in sequence, wherein P1=1+remainder of {[P−1+(M′*(Q−1))]/L}, P2=1+remainder of {[P−1+(M′*(Q−1))+S]/L}, P, Q, P1, P2 are all natural numbers, and M′≥4, 1≤P≤M′, 1≤Q≤N, 1≤P1≤L, 1≤P2≤L, and the armature coils are classified as S classes, and the S classes of the armature coils are further divided into a first group and a second group, wherein the first group includes 51 classes of the armatures coils and the second group includes S2 classes of the armature coils;
- wherein, the S1 classes of the armature coils in the first class are independently connected to the first control switch electrically connected to the first common potential electrode and the second control switch electrically connected to the second common potential electrode, wherein t1th class of the armature coils is formed by t1 step of the armature coils and t1+Sth step of the armature coils reversely connected in sequence or in parallel, t1 is a natural number and 1≤t1≤S, and wherein, a [2(t1)−1]th node and a [2(t1)]th node are on two terminals of the t1th class of the armature coils, and a [2(t1)]th first control switch is interconnected between the first common potential electrode and the [2(t1)−1]th node, and a [2(t1)−1]th second control switch is interconnected between the second common potential electrode and the [2(t1)−1]th node, and there are at most half of the first control switches short and at most half of the second control switches short at the same operation time, and the [2(t1)−1]th first control switch and the [2(t1)−1]th second control switch are not short at the same time, and the [2(t1)]th first control switch and the [2(t1)]th second control switch are not short at the same time;
- wherein, the S2 classes of the armature coils in the second class are independently connected to the third control switch electrically connected to the third common potential electrode and the fourth control switch electrically connected to the fourth common potential electrode, wherein t2th class of the armature coils is formed by t2 step of the armature coils and (t2+S)th step of the armature coils reversely connected in sequence or in parallel, t2 is a natural number and S1+1≤t2≤S, and a [2(t2)−1]th node and a [2(t2)-3]th node are on two terminals of the t2th class of the armature coils, and a [2(t2)-3]th third control switch is interconnected with the third common potential electrode at the [2(t2)−1]th node, and a [2(t2)-2]th second control switch is interconnected with the second common potential electrode at the [2(t2)]t node, and there are at most half of the third control switches short and at most half of the fourth control switches short at the same operation time, and the [2(t2)-3]th third control switch and the [2(t2)-3]th fourth control switch are not short at the same time, and the [2(t2)-2]th third control switch and the [2(t2)-2]th fourth control switch are not short at the same time;
10. The brushless DC dynamo as claimed in claim 9, further comprising a fifth control switch, a sixth control switch and a seventh control switch, wherein the third common potential electrode electrically is electrically connected to a terminal of the fifth control switch and a terminal of the seventh control switch and the other one terminal of the fifth control switch is electrically connected to the first common potential electrode, and the second common potential electrode electrically is electrically connected to a terminal of the sixth control switch and the other one terminal of the seventh control switch and the other one terminal of the sixth control switch is electrically connected to the fourth common potential electrode, wherein the brushless DC dynamo acts as motor connected in parallel driven by the rechargeable battery module when the fifth control switch and the sixth control switch are short and the seventh control switch is open, and the brushless DC dynamo acts as generator connected in series and charge to the rechargeable battery module when the fifth control switch and the sixth control switch are open and the seventh control switch is short.
11. The brushless DC dynamo as claimed in claim 9 or claim 10, wherein the driving or outputting direction of the brushless DC dynamo will be reversed when the polarities of the logic signals outputted by the logic unit are changed to upset the operation of the first control switches, the second control switches, the third control switches, and the fourth control switches of the same step without changing the first polarity of the first external electrode and the second polarity of the second external electrode.
12. The brushless DC dynamo as claimed in claim 9 or claim 10, wherein the driving or outputting direction of the brushless DC dynamo will be quickly reversed to provide a power modulation function similar to bipolar pulse width modulation (PWM) when the polarities of the logic signals outputted by the logic unit are quickly changed to quickly upset the operation of the first control switches, the second control switches, the third control switches and the fourth controlling switches of the same step without changing the first polarity of the first external electrode and the second polarity of the second external electrode.
13. The brushless DC dynamo as claimed in claim 1, wherein a power modulation function similar to single polar pulse width modulation (PWM) is provided when the polarities of the first external electrode and the second external electrode and the polarities of the logic signals output by the logic unit are not changed, and the logic signals output by the logic unit are quickly synchronously enabled or forbidden to quickly synchronously enable or forbid the operation of the first control switches, the second control switches, the third control switches and the fourth control switches of the same step.
14. A vehicle, comprising a lease one brushless DC dynamo as claimed in claim 1.
15. A vehicle, comprising a lease one brushless DC dynamo as claimed in claim 5.
16. A vehicle, comprising a lease one brushless DC dynamo as claimed in claim 9.
Type: Application
Filed: Aug 19, 2020
Publication Date: Mar 4, 2021
Patent Grant number: 11309779
Inventor: Chun-Jong Chang (Zhubei)
Application Number: 16/996,898