IMPACT-DISSIPATING, FLUID-CONTAINING HELMET LINERS AND HELMET LINER RETAINERS
Impact-dissipating liners, helmets having an impact-dissipating liner, helmet liner retainers, and methods of protecting the head from impact are provided. The liners include a fluid impermeable enclosure having internal cavities, and a fluid contained in the enclosure. The enclosures are in fluid communication via passages comprising a restriction between the internal cavities of the enclosures that may restrict flow of the fluid between the enclosures. The helmet liner retainers include a head strap and at least one projection extending from the head strap sized to engage at least one recess in a headgear liner. The engagement of the at least one projection with the at least one recess in the headgear liner at least partially retains the headgear liner. Though applicable to a broad range of protective headgear, the liners and liner retainers disclosed are uniquely adapted for use in construction helmets, that is, “hard hats.”
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This application claims priority from pending U.S. Provisional Patent Application 62/900,967 filed on Sep. 16, 2019; U.S. Provisional Patent Application 62/945,529 filed on Dec. 9, 2019; and U.S. Provisional Patent Application 63/036,006 filed on Jun. 8, 2020, the disclosures of which are included by reference herein in their entirety.
This application is also related to pending U.S. application Ser. No. 15/833,747, filed on Dec. 6, 2017, now U.S. Pat. No. 10,531,699 issued on Jan. 14, 2020; is related to U.S. application Ser. No. 16/738,234 filed on Jan. 9, 2020, and is related to U.S. application Ser. No. 16/595,135 filed on Oct. 7, 2019, the disclosures of which are included by reference herein in their entirety.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Technical FieldAspects of the present invention relate generally to protective headgear, such as, helmets, and the minimization and prevention of head injury. More particularly, aspects of the invention, in their several embodiments, provide helmets, headgear, helmet liner retainers, helmet assemblies having fluid filled protective liners, and methods of protecting the head. Aspects of the invention may be particularly adapted for use in protective construction helmets, for example, “hard hats,” as known in the art.
Description of Related ArtNumerous human activities, such as, recreation and sports, construction, public protection, and armed service, expose the human body, especially, the head, to impact and injury.
Head injury can be the most traumatic type of bodily injury. Especially when in motion, the exposure of the human head to contact and injury can be a continuous concern, whether the motion is while in a motorized vehicle or a bicycle or walking beneath an active building site. Many attempts have been made in the art of head protection to minimize damage to the skull, brain, and brain stem due to head impact.
Many prior art attempts to address this concern have yielded various helmet designs that provide impact energy absorbing materials, for example, foam rubbers and plastics, in an attempt to provide as much “cushioning” material between the surface of impact and the head. Accordingly, in the state of the helmet art in the early 21st century, it is typical to provide as much foam cushioning within a helmet without detracting from the aesthetic appearance of the helmet. The resulting helmets have been limited in their success in meeting either goals of head protection or aesthetics.
Among other things, as the amount of cushioning material, for example, plastic foam, increases, the larger the envelope and the greater the exposure of the resulting helmet. Specifically, though a larger volume of cushioning material within a helmet may absorb more impact energy, and lessen the amount of impact energy transmitted to the head, the larger volume also increases the torsional movement arm between the point of contact and, for example, the neck, brain stem, and spinal cord of the helmet wearer. Accordingly, providing impact protection while minimizing torsional loading on the wearer is desirable.
Though of relatively minor consequence to some users, the larger the amount of cushioning material typically also results in a more unsightly appearance of the resulting helmet to the typical helmet wearer. Accordingly, there is a need in the art to ensure proper head protection, while, it is preferred, providing an aesthetically appealing helmet.
Though many forms of activity can expose the head to impact loading, athletic completion or contact sports can be one of the more acute concerns for helmet design and head protection. It is well recognized that the repeated contact of the head in such contact sports as football, hockey, and soccer expose the athlete, even though protected with some form of headgear, to degenerative brain damage. The occurrence of chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) in professional athletes, especially in former professional football and hockey players, is well documented. It is generally believed that the repeated exposure of the head to impact loading, even when protected, can result in deteriorating and life changing effects upon cognitive abilities and behavior. Efforts continue to be made to investigate the cause of CTE and to mitigate or prevent its occurrence. Accordingly, there is need in the art to provide more protective headgear for athletes.
The “hard hat” is one of the oldest and most widely used head protection devices. The hard hat in its many manifestations is a common feature of many activities, commercial and non-commercial, where the human head may be exposed to potential injury from, among other things, falling objects. Though the common hard hat design having a projective helmet shell and suspension providing an interface between the helmet shell and the head of the wearer can be very effective, due to the critical effect of potential head injury to workers and others, there continues to be a need in the art for enhancing hard hat design and construction.
In addition, when the situation and/or head clearance discourage the use of a conventional hard hat, the smaller and, typically, less obtrusive “bump cap” may be worn to provide at least some impact protection, for example, in tight quarters. As known in the art, bump caps may have the appearance and envelope of a conventional baseball cap, but can provide some form of internal liner and/or suspension providing head protection not typically provided by conventional baseball caps or similar headgear.
U.S. Pat. No. 8,856,972 of Kirshon first introduced the concept of liquid-filled, fluid-displaced liner technology to the art. This technology is marketed by KIRSH Helmets of Schenectady, N.Y. under the trademarks Fluid Displacement Liner™ technology or FDL™ technology. Though the inventions disclosed in the '972 patent provide an effective means for dissipating impact loading, further improvements and advantages are provided by the present inventions.
Aspects of the present invention provide protective impact-dissipating liners, for example, headgear, methods of minimizing the transfer of impact loads upon the human head that overcome the limitations and disadvantages of the prior art.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTIONEmbodiments of the present invention, in their many aspects, provide protective impact-dissipating liners, for example, for headgear, methods of minimizing the transfer of impact loads upon the human head, methods of fabricating such impact-dissipating liners, and protective retaining devices and arrangements for impact-dissipating liners, for example, retaining devices and arrangements for headgear, such as, hard hats, bump caps, or other headgear, that minimize the transfer of impact loads to the head of a user.
One embodiment of the invention is an impact dissipating helmet liner comprising or including: a plurality of flexible, fluid impermeable enclosures, each of the enclosures having opposing end walls, a sidewall extending between the opposing end walls; and a fluid contained in each of the plurality of enclosures; wherein each of plurality of flexible, fluid impermeable enclosures is in fluid communication with at least one of the other enclosures via a passage comprising a restriction between the enclosures. In one aspect, the liner may further comprise a plurality of cavities extending between the upper wall and the lower wall of each of the plurality of enclosures. In another aspect, the liner may further comprise a cavity sidewall extending from the upper wall to the lower wall of each of the plurality of cavities.
In one aspect, the restriction may at least partially restrict flow of the fluid between the enclosures. In one aspect, the restriction may have a width less than a width of the enclosures. In another aspect, the restriction may have a width less than 3 times a height of the restriction.
In another aspect each of the plurality of flexible, fluid impermeable enclosures may be cylindrical, for example, circular cylindrical. In one aspect, one of the plurality of flexible, fluid impermeable enclosures may include a central enclosure and at least one of the plurality of the flexible, fluid impermeable enclosures may include at least one peripheral enclosure in fluid communication with the central enclosure via the passage having the restriction. In one aspect, the at least one peripheral enclosure may comprise a plurality of radially extending enclosures from the central enclosure. The plurality of radially extending enclosures may have divergent sidewalls
In one aspect, the fluid may be a liquid, for example, a liquid polydimethylsiloxane or water. The liquid polydimethylsiloxane may be a CHT QM Diluent, for example, a CHT QM Diluent having a viscosity ranging from 50 to 5000 centipoise (cps.)
In one aspect, the plurality of flexible, fluid impermeable enclosures, may comprise a synthetic amorphous silica, for example, a CHT True Skin® synthetic amorphous silica.
The present invention also provides improved headgear suspensions that accommodate the latest improvements in impact diffusing, fluid-filled headgear liner technology. These headgear suspensions include projections that engage recesses in fluid-filled liners that at least partially retain, preferably, securely retain, fluid filled liners, among others, into headgear, such as, hard hats.
One embodiment of the invention is a headgear liner retainer comprising or including: a head strap adapted to engage the head of a user and mount to a headgear; and at least one projection extending from the head strap, the at least one projection positioned and sized to engage at least one recess in a headgear liner; wherein the engagement of the at least one projection with the at least one recess in the headgear at least partially retains the headgear liner in the headgear. In one aspect, the at least one projection may comprise plurality of projections, for example, cylindrical projections, each of the plurality of projections positioned and sized to engage at least one recess in a headgear liner. In another aspect, the at least one recess in the headgear liner may comprise a least one cylindrical recess, and wherein each of the plurality of cylindrical projections are sized to engage the least one cylindrical recess.
In one aspect, the headgear liner may comprise a fluid-filled headgear liner and wherein the at least one recess in the fluid-filled headgear liner may comprise at least one cavity in the fluid-filled headgear liner. In one aspect, the at least one cavity in the fluid-filled headgear liner may comprise at least one through hole in the fluid-filled headgear liner. In another aspect, the at least one projection extending from the head strap may comprise at least one projection extending radially inward or radially outward from the strap.
Another embodiment of the invention is a helmet liner assembly comprising or including a helmet liner comprising a flexible, fluid impermeable enclosure having opposing end walls, a sidewall extending between the opposing end walls, a fluid contained in the enclosure, and at least one recess in the flexible, fluid impermeable enclosure; and a helmet liner retainer comprising a head strap adapted to engage the head of a user and mount to a headgear, and at least one projection extending from the head strap, the at least one projection positioned and sized to engage the at least one recess in the flexible, fluid impermeable enclosure of the helmet liner; wherein the engagement of the at least one projection with the at least one recess in the headgear at least partially retains, for example, securely retains, the headgear liner in the headgear. In one aspect, the at least one projection may comprise a plurality of projections, each of the plurality of projections positioned and sized to engage at least one recess in the helmet liner. In one aspect, the at least one projection extending from the head strap may comprise a plurality of cylindrical projections extending from the head strap, for example, wherein the at least one recess in the helmet liner may comprise at least one cylindrical recess, and wherein each of the plurality of cylindrical projections are sized to engage the at least one cylindrical recess.
In one aspect, the at least one recess in the flexible, fluid impermeable enclosure may comprise at least one cavity in the flexible, fluid impermeable enclosure, for example, at least one through hole in the flexible, fluid impermeable enclosure. In one aspect, the helmet liner may comprise a plurality of flexible, fluid impermeable enclosures, and wherein the at least one recess comprises at least one recess in each of the plurality of flexible, fluid impermeable enclosures. In another aspect, the at least one projection extending from the head strap may comprise at least one projection extending radially inward or radially outward from the strap.
Another embodiment comprises or includes a helmet having the headgear liner disclosed herein, or a helmet having the helmet liner assembly disclosed herein, for example, a construction helmet, a hard hat, or a bump cap.
A further embodiment of the invention is a method of protecting the head, the method comprising or including: mounting a helmet liner retainer comprising a head strap adapted to engage the head of a user and at least one projection extending from the head strap into a helmet shell or bump cap; attaching a helmet liner comprising a flexible, fluid impermeable enclosure containing a fluid and having at least one recess in enclosure to the helmet liner retainer by inserting the at least one projection from the head strap of the helmet liner retainer into the at least one recess in the enclosure; and positioning the helmet with helmet liner retainer and the flexible, fluid impermeable enclosure onto the head of the user.
Another embodiment of the invention is a helmet or a bump cap having any one of the liners disclosed herein. For example, the helmet may have a helmet shell containing any one of the liners disclosed herein.
A further embodiment of the invention is a helmet or headgear assembly comprising or including: a helmet shell or a bump cap shaped to generally conform to the head of a wearer, the helmet shell or bump cap having an external surface and an internal surface; a headgear liner shaped and adapted to be received by the helmet or the bump cap, the headgear liner having an external surface positioned to contact the internal surface of the helmet or the bump cap; and at least one interface element positioned between the external surface of the headgear liner and the internal surface of the helmet shell or the bump cap, the at least one interface element providing at least some reduction in friction between the external surface of the headgear liner and the internal surface of the helmet shell or the bump cap.
In one aspect, the at least one interface element may be a plurality of interface elements mounted to the internal surface of the helmet shell or the bump cap and/or to the external surface of the headgear liner. In one aspect, the at least one interface element may be a flexible material mounted to the external surface of the headgear liner by an adhesive, a mechanical fastener, or stitching. In one aspect, the headgear liner may be a flexible, fluid impermeable enclosure having opposing end walls, a sidewall extending between the opposing end walls, and a fluid contained in the enclosure.
In one aspect, the at least one interface element may be a hook-and-loop-type fastener, for example, a hook-and-loop-type fastener mounted to the external surface of the headgear liner. In one aspect, the at least one interface element may be two opposing loop sides of hook-and-loop-type fasteners.
Another embodiment of the invention is a headgear liner assembly comprising or including: a headgear liner comprising a flexible, fluid impermeable enclosure having opposing end walls, external surfaces on the opposing end walls, a sidewall extending between the opposing end walls, and a fluid contained in the enclosure; and at least one interface element mounted to the headgear liner, the at least one interface element providing at least some reduction in friction between the headgear liner and an internal surface of a helmet shell or a bump cap into which the headgear liner is positioned.
In one aspect, the at least one interface element on the headgear line may be a hook-and-loop-type fastener mounted to the external surface of the headgear liner. For example, the at least one interface element may be two opposing loop sides of a hook-and-loop-type fasteners.
Another embodiment of the invention is a helmet or a bump cap having the headgear liner described above.
A further embodiment of the invention is a method of protecting the head, the method comprising or including: mounting at least one interface element to an external surface of a headgear liner or an internal surface of a helmet shell or a bump cap, the at least one interface element providing at least some reduction in friction between the external surface of the headgear liner and the internal surface of the helmet shell or the bump cap; inserting the headgear liner into the helmet shell where the at least one interface element is positioned between the external surface of the headgear liner and the internal surface of the helmet shell or the bump cap; and positioning the helmet shell or the bump cap with headgear liner and the at least one interface element onto the head of a user.
These and other aspects, features, and advantages of this invention will become apparent from the following detailed description of the various aspects of the invention taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
The subject matter, which is regarded as the invention, is particularly pointed out and distinctly claimed in the claims at the conclusion of the specification. The foregoing and other objects, features, and advantages of the invention will be readily understood from the following detailed description of aspects of the invention taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in which:
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In one aspect, the fluid 14 encased in enclosure 12 may comprise a polydimethylsiloxane fluid (also know as a “silicone fluid), for example, a polydimethylsiloxane fluid marketed by CHT USA as a QM Diluent or its equivalent; however, liquid 14 may comprise any polydimethylsiloxane fluid. As known in the art, polydimethylsiloxane comprises a group of polymeric organosilicon compounds that are commonly referred to as “silicones.” Polydimethylsiloxane may be abbreviated “PDMS’ and has the chemical formula [(CH3)2SiO]n. However, in other aspects, liquid 14 may be any fluid, including an oil or water, such as, distilled water.
According to aspects of the invention, enclosure 12 of liner 10 may take any conventional size and shape, for example, depending upon the size and/or shape of the helmet or headgear in which liner 10 is used with, for example, a construction helmet, as shown un
According to aspects of the invention, as shown in
In one aspect, as shown in
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In one aspect of the invention, the internal cavities 15 of enclosures or components 26, 28, 30, 32, and 34 of enclosure 12 of liner 10 may be devoid of any structure or obstruction. However, in another aspect of the invention, the internal cavities 15 may comprise one or more supports or structures positioned and adapted to influence fluid flow and/or to retain the shape, among other things, of components 26, 28, 30, 32, and 34 of liner 10, for example, preventing deflection of end walls 16 or 18 and or the deflection of sidewalls 20.
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In one aspect, as shown most clearly in the bottom view of liner 10 shown in
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According to one aspect of the invention, at least two, but typically each, of the plurality of flexible, fluid impermeable enclosures or components 26, 28, 30, 32, and 34 may be in fluid communication with at least one of the other enclosures 26, 28, 30, 32, and 34 via a passage between the enclosures 26, 28, 30, 32, and 34. In one aspect, these one or more passages may comprise one or more restrictions, for example, a path of reduced cross-sectional area that in some way limits the flow of fluid between one or more of enclosures 26, 28, 30, 32, and 34.
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In the aspect of the invention shown in
In one aspect of the invention, the size of restriction 50 may be related to the width of the enclosure or component 26, 28, 30, 32, or 34. For example, in one aspect, the internal width, w, of restriction 50 may be related to the width, W, of the enclosure or component 26, 28, 30, 32, or 34, for example, a maximum width, Wmax, of the enclosure or component 26, 28, 30, 32, or 34. In one aspect, assuming a common internal height, h, of the enclosure 26, 28, 30, 32, or 34 and the restriction 50, restriction 50 may have a width, w, of at most about 50% of the width, W, of the component, or at most 40% of the width W, or at most 30% of the width W, or at most 20% of the width W, or at most 10% of the width W.
In another aspect, the dimension of restriction 50 may be defined by an aspect ratio (AR) between the width, w, and the height, h, of restriction 50, that is, AR=w/h. For example, in one aspect, the aspect ration of restriction 50 may be greater than or equal to 0.50 and less than or equal to 10. In another aspect, the aspect ration of restriction 50 may be greater than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to 6. In another aspect, the aspect ration of restriction 50 may be greater than or equal to 2 and less than or equal to 4.
In one aspect, as shown most clearly in
According to one aspect of the invention, liner retainer or interface 64 includes one or more recesses 70 positioned and sized to receive a liner according to aspects of the invention, for example, liner 10 shown in
According to aspects of the invention, the enclosures of the liners disclosed herein, for example, liners 10, 100, 102, 104, 106, and 108, may comprise any flexible, fluid-impermeable material, for example an elastomer. In one aspect, the material of any one of the liners disclosed herein may be a natural polymer, such as, polyisoprene rubber, or a synthetic polymer, such as, a neoprene, a thermoplastic elastomer, a thermoplastic rubber, and a polyvinyl chloride, or an ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) rubber, and the like.
According to one aspect of the invention, the enclosures of the liners disclosed herein, for example, liners 10, 100, 102, 104, 106, and 108, may comprise a liquid silicone rubber, for example, a cured liquid silicone rubber, such as, a platinum-cured LSR. In one aspect, the enclosures of the liners disclosed herein may comprise a LSR marketed under the trademark True Skin®; however, the enclosures of the liners disclosed herein may comprise any cured liquid silicone rubber (LSR). In one aspect, the cured liquid silicone rubber may be a “medical grade” LSR, as known in the art, for example, an LSR having an elasticity, a viscosity, a “feel,” and/or anti-microbial properties, among other things, that are desirable in aspects of the invention.
However, in one aspect, a liquid silicone rubber marketed under the trademark True Skin® may be preferred. In one aspect, the enclosures disclosed herein may be made from CHT's True Skin® 10 having a 10 Shore A hardness (or durometer) as disclosed in CHT “Technical Data Sheet” for True Skin® 10 [Rev-1, Aug. 16, 2017], which is included by reference herein. In one aspect, the enclosures disclosed herein may be made from CHT's True Skin® 20 having a 20 Shore A hardness (or durometer) as disclosed in CHT “Technical Data Sheet” for True Skin® 20 [Rev-1, Aug. 16, 2017], which is included by reference herein. In one aspect, the enclosures disclosed herein may be made from CHT's True Skin® 30 having a 30 Shore A hardness (or durometer) as disclosed in CHT “Technical Data Sheet” for True Skin® 30 [Rev-1, Aug. 16, 2017], which is included by reference herein.
As known in the art, anyone of the enclosures disclosed herein may be fabricated from a liquid silicon rubber produced when combining two or more components, for example, a CHT True Skin liquid silicone rubber “A” and a CHT True Skin liquid silicone rubber “B” to produce the desired liquid silicone rubber when cured.
It is also envisioned that aspects of the invention may be made from other liquid silicone rubbers, for example, a LSR marketed under the trademark SILBIONE® by Elkem Silicones of Lyon, France, or its equivalent. For example, in one aspect, one or more of the LSRs identified in Elkem's “Silbione® Liquid Silicone Rubber (LSR) Elastomers” line card dated 06/2018, which is included by reference herein, may be used for an aspect of the invention.
In another aspect, the enclosures of the invention may be made from a LSR marketed by Dow Corning, or their equivalent.
In another aspect, enclosures of anyone of the liners disclosed herein may be made from a LSR marketed under the trademark DRAGON SKIN™ by Smooth-On, Inc., or their equivalent. For example, one or more of the LSRs identified in Smooth-On's Technical Bulletin “Dragon Skin™ Series,” having reference number 041619-JR, which is included by reference herein, may be used for an aspect of the invention.
In one aspect, the fluid (for example, a liquid) encased in the enclosures of the liners disclosed herein, for example, liners 10, 100, 102, 104, 106, or 108, may comprise any fluid, for example, a gas or a liquid. In one aspect, the fluid may be substantially water (for example, distilled water). In another aspect, the fluid may be an oil, for example, naturally occurring oil or synthetic oil. In one aspect, the fluid may include a diol, for example, ethylene glycol and/or propylene glycol. In one aspect, the fluid may be a saline solution, or its equivalent.
In one aspect, the fluid (for example, a liquid) encased in the enclosures of the liners disclosed herein, for example, liners 10, 100, 102, 104, 106, or 108, may comprise a polydimethylsiloxane fluid, for example, a polydimethylsiloxane fluid marketed as a QM Diluent by CHT, or their equivalents; however, liquid 74 may comprises any polydimethylsiloxane fluid. However, in one aspect, the polydimethylsiloxane fluid marketed under the trademark QM Diluent may be preferred. In one aspect, the fluid encased in the enclosures of the liners disclosed herein may comprise QM Diluent 50 having a viscosity of about 50 centipoise (cps) as disclosed in CHT “Technical Data Sheet” for QM Diluent 50 [Rev-3, Aug. 7, 2017], which is included by reference herein. In one aspect, the fluid encased in the enclosures of the liners disclosed herein may comprise QM Diluent 100 having a viscosity of about 100 cps as disclosed in CHT “Technical Data Sheet” for QM Diluent 100 [Rev-3, Aug. 7, 2017], which is included by reference herein. In one aspect, the fluid encased in the enclosures of the liners disclosed herein may comprise QM Diluent 1000 having a viscosity of about 1000 cps as disclosed in CHT “Technical Data Sheet” for QM Diluent 1000 [Rev-3, Aug. 7, 2017], which is included by reference herein. In one aspect, the fluid encased in the enclosures of the liners disclosed herein may comprise QM Diluent 5000 having a viscosity of about 5000 cps, for which a “Technical Data Sheet” has not been identified. It is envisioned that fluids of higher viscosity, for example, QM Diluents having a viscosity greater than 5000 cps may be used in aspects of the invention.
It is envisioned that fluids having other viscosities, for example, QM Diluents provided by CHT, may also be used, for example, by appropriately combining at least two fluids of known viscosity, as known in the art. Accordingly, in one aspect, polydimethylsiloxane fluids of different viscosities, such as, a CHT QM Diluents, can be mixed or otherwise combined to provide a fluid having a viscosity of at least 50 cps that can be used as a fluid in an aspect of the invention. Similarly, in one aspect, polydimethylsiloxane fluids of different viscosities, such as, a CHT QM Diluents, can be mixed or otherwise combined to provide a fluid having a viscosity of at least 100 cps that can be used as a fluid in an aspect of the invention. In one aspect, polydimethylsiloxane fluids of different viscosities, such as, a CHT QM Diluents, can be mixed or otherwise combined to provide a fluid having a viscosity of at least 500 cps that can be used as a fluid in an aspect of the invention. In one aspect, polydimethylsiloxane fluids of different viscosities, such as, a CHT QM Diluents, can be mixed or otherwise combined to provide a fluid having a viscosity of at least 1000 cps, or at least 2000 cps, or at least 3000 cps, or at least 4000 cps, or at least 5000 cps, or at least 6000 cps, or at least 8000 cps that can be used as a fluid in an aspect of the invention.
It is envisioned that a broad range of fluids, including liquids or gases, may be used with aspects of the invention, for example, a liquid or gas compatible with the materials of the enclosures disclosed herein, for instance, fluids that are impermeable to the material of the enclosure disclosed herein and/or fluids having a boiling point where the liquid will not evaporate under the expected working conditions. In one aspect, the liquid may have a broad range of viscosities, for example, any fluid having a viscosity, for instance, having a viscosity of at least 0.01 cps. In one aspect, the liquid may have a viscosity from less than 50 cps to greater than 5,000 cps. In one aspect, the fluid may be oil, an alcohol, and/or a diol. For example, the oil may be a mineral oil or a vegetable oil, and the oil may have a natural source or be synthetic. In one aspect, the fluid may be ethylene glycol and/or a propylene glycol. In one aspect, the fluid may comprise a polyol, for example, a polyether polyol. In other aspects, the liquid may be water, for example, distilled water.
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In one aspect of the invention, the liners disclosed herein may be enhanced with an appropriate mountings or attachment mechanisms or devices. For example, in one aspect, any one of the liners disclosed herein may include a mounting device, for example, one or more straps (with or without connectors), holders, interfaces, and/or retainers.
In another aspect, anyone of the liners disclosed herein may be enhanced with an attachment or retention mechanism or device, for example, one or more fasteners. In one aspect, any one of the liners disclosed herein may include one or more hook and loop fasteners, for example, a Velcro-type hook and loop fastener, as known in the art. The hook and loop fastener may be used to facilitate or enhance mounting and/or locating any one of the liners disclosed herein, for example, to a mating hook and look fastener. In one aspect, a hook and loop fastener may be attached to any one of the liners disclosed herein with mounting hardware and/or with an adhesive. In another aspect, a fastener, such as, a hook and loop faster, may be molded into any one of the enclosures of the liners disclosed herein. For example, in one aspect, a hook and loop fastener may be molded into any one or more of the bosses 42 shown in
In one aspect, anyone or more of the liners disclosed herein may include a fabric sheet, for example, a reinforcing fabric sheet as disclosed in pending U.S. application Ser. No. 16/595,135, filed on Oct. 7, 2019, the disclosures of which are incorporated by reference herein in their entirety.
In one aspect, anyone or more of the liners disclosed herein may be fabricated by any one or more of the methods disclosed in pending U.S. application Ser. No. 15/833,747 filed on Dec. 6, 2017, now U.S. Pat. No. 10,531,699, or pending application Ser. No. 16/738,234 filed on Jan. 9, 2020, the disclosures of which are incorporated by reference herein in their entirety.
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According to aspects of the invention, liner 116 may comprise anyone or more protective, or energy or impact absorbing or dissipating liners having holes, recesses, or cavities adapted to receive one or more projections 124, 126, 128, or 130 of suspension 114. In one aspect of the invention, liner 116 may be a fluid containing liner, for example, a fluid-containing liner having holes, recesses, or cavities sized and positioned to receive one or more projections of suspension 114. In one aspect, liner 16 may be a liner disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 8,856,972 or, liner 116 may be the fluid containing liner disclosed herein, for example, the lines shown and described with respect to
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In one aspect, the fluid encased in enclosure 142 of liner 116, or in any liner disclosed herein, may comprise a polydimethylsiloxane fluid (also know as a “silicone fluid), for example, a polydimethylsiloxane fluid marketed by CHT USA as a QM Diluent or its equivalent, as disclosed herein; however, the liquid may comprise any polydimethylsiloxane fluid. As known in the art, polydimethylsiloxane comprises a group of polymeric organosilicon compounds that are commonly referred to as “silicones.” Polydimethylsiloxane may be abbreviated “PDMS’ and has the chemical formula [(CH3)2SiO]n. However, in other aspects, the fluid encased in enclosure 142 of liner 116, or in any liner disclosed herein, may be any fluid disclosed herein, including water, such as, distilled water.
According to aspects of the invention, enclosures 142 of liner 16, or in any liner disclosed herein, may take any conventional size and shape, for example, depending upon the size and/or shape of the helmet shell 112 in which liner 116 is used with, for example, a construction helmet.
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Details of projections 124, 126, 128, and 130 on suspension or headgear liner retainer 114 and their mounting to suspension or headgear liner strap 118 are shown in
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In one aspect, fastener or plug 162 may include a stem 166 sized to engage and be retained by hole 158 and a cap or head 168 sized to prevent passage of fastener 162 through hole 164 wherein, when stem 166 engages and is retained by hole 158, fastener 162 at least temporarily retains projection 124 on head strap 118 of suspension 114. In one aspect, strip 156 may be elastomeric of flexile, wherein stem 166 of fastener 162 flexibly engages hole 158 to retain projection 124 on head strap 118. For example, in one aspect, fastener 166 may be engaged and disengaged from strip 156, for example, to facilitate assembly/disassembly and/or replacement of projection 124.
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In one aspect, fastener 258, for example, a plastic rivet, may include a stem 262 sized to penetrate hole 260 and a cap or head 264 sized to prevent passage of fastener 258 through hole 260 wherein, when stem 262 engages and is retained by cylindrical body 252, fastener 258 at least temporarily retains projection 250 on head strap 118 of suspension 114.
As shown, in one aspect, stem 262 of fastener 258 may include a pointed distal end and external serrations or threads adapted to engage the second end 256 cylindrical bodies 252 of projection 250. Fastener 258 may be metallic or non-metallic, for example, a plastic rivet. In one aspect, the second end 256 of cylindrical body 252 may include a hole or penetration adapted to receive and retain stem 262, for example, cylindrical body 252 may include a blind hole adapted to receive and engage serrations on stem 262 or internal threads adapted to receive corresponding external threads on stem 262. In one aspect of the invention, cylindrical body 252 may not include a hole or penetration, but comprise a pliable or flexible material, such as an elastomer, that is penetrable by stem 262, for example, by manually compressing fastener 258 into cylindrical body 252, by compressing fastener 258 into cylindrical body 252 with a tool for example, a power tool, or by compressing fastener 258 into cylindrical body 252 by automated means. According to this aspect, the plastic or flexible penetration and engagement of stem 262 into cylindrical body 252 may be sufficient to at least temporarily secure fastener 258 in cylindrical body 252 and at least temporarily secure projection 250 on head strap 118. For example, in one aspect, fastener or rivet 258 may be engaged and disengaged from head strap 118, for example, to facilitate assembly/disassembly and/or replacement of projection 250.
As shown in
In one aspect, projection 270 may be engaged with head strap 118 by manually compressing projection 270 through hole 280, by compressing projection 270 into hole 280 with a tool, for example, a power tool, or by compressing projection 270 into hole 280 by automated means. According to this aspect, the plastic or flexible penetration and engagement of conical cap 278 into hole 280 may be sufficient to at least temporarily secure projection 270 on to head strap 118. For example, in one aspect, projection 270 may be engaged and disengaged from head strap 118, for example, to facilitate assembly/disassembly and/or replacement of projection 270.
In the aspects shown in
According to aspects of the invention, one or more of the mountings of projections 124, 126, 128, 130, 250, and 270 to head strap 118 shown in
According to this aspect of the invention, head strap 236 may include one or more projections 242. Projections 242 may be mounted, for example, removably mounted, to head strap 236 by any one of the mountings shown in
As shown in
In one aspect, recess, hole, or cavity 240 in lug 238 may comprise a through hole, as shown in
According to the aspect shown in
In one aspect, mounting extensions, mounting loops, or mounting lugs 238 may be fabricated from the same materials from which liner 232 is fabricated, for example, any one of the LSRs disclosed herein. In one aspect, mounting extensions, mounting loops, or mounting lugs 238 may be hollow or non-hollow. For example, lug 238 may comprise a solid material, for example, a solid LSR, or lug 238 may be hollow, for example, with or without an internal fluid, such as, one of the fluids disclosed herein. In one aspect, when lug 238 includes a hollow cavity containing a fluid, the fluid-containing cavity of lug 238 may or may not be in fluid communication with one or more fluid-containing cavities of liner 232.
In the aspects of the invention shown and described herein, the projections disclosed herein, for example, projections 124, 126, 128, 130, 242, 250, or 270, are generally illustrated as mounted to a head strap and directed outward from the head strap, for example, radially outward from the head strap, and engage a hole or cavity in a liner positioned external to or outward of the head strap of the retainer. However, it is envisioned that, in one aspect, one or more projections from any one of the head straps of retainers disclosed herein may be directed inward from the head strap, for example, radially inward, for instance, opposite the direction of projection shown herein and toward the head of the wearer. For example, as shown in
It is envisioned that aspects of the invention may be implemented in a broad range of materials. For example, the head straps and projections disclosed herein, for example, projections 124, 126, 128, 130, 242, 250, or 270, may be fabricated or formed from a broad range of materials, for example, a plastic, an elastomer, a metal, and even wood. In one aspect, the projections may comprise one or more of the following plastics: a polyamide (PA), for example, nylon; a polyethylene (PE), both high-density polyethylene (HDPE) and low-density polyethylene (LDPE); a polyethylene terephthalate (PET); a polypropylene (PP); a polyester (PE); a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE); a polystyrene (PS); an acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS); a polycarbonate (PC); or a polyvinylchloride (PVC); among other plastics. In one aspect, the projections may comprise one or more of the following elastomers or “rubbers”: a natural polymer, such as, polyisoprene rubber, or a synthetic polymer, such as, a neoprene, a thermoplastic elastomer, a thermoplastic rubber, and a polyvinyl chloride, or an ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) rubber, and the like. In one aspect, projections 124, 126, 128, 130, 242, 250, or 270 may be fabricated or formed from a foam-like material, for example, a foam rubber or a closed-cell foam rubber, for instance, comprising one or more of the elastomeric or rubber materials listed above.
The size and shape of the projections, for example, projections 124, 126, 128, 130, 242, 250, or 270, may vary broadly depending upon the application of aspects of the invention. For example, the projections may have an outer dimension or width ranging from about 0.125 inches to about 3 inches, but typically may have an outer dimension of between about 0.25 inches and about 1 inch, for example, about 0.375 inches. The projections may have a length ranging from about 0.125 inches to about 3 inches, but typically may have a length between about 0.25 inches and about 1 inch, for example, about 0.375 inches.
As shown in
In order to facilitate disclosure of the invention, in
According to aspects of the invention, helmet assembly 310 includes some form of mechanism, device, or means for reducing the friction between helmet shell 312 and headgear liner 316. Specifically, aspects of the invention include some form of mechanism, device, or means for reducing the friction between internal surface 318 of helmet shell 312 and the external surface 320 of headgear liner 316. In one aspect, the device for reducing the friction may comprise any interface, interfaces, structure, or structures positioned between internal surface 318 of helmet shell 312 and the external surface 320 of headgear liner 316. In one aspect, the friction-reducing interface, interfaces, structure, or structures may extend over at least a portion of internal surface 318 and/or over at least a portion of external surface 320. In another aspect, the friction-reducing interface, interfaces, structure, or structures may extend over a substantial portion (for example, more than 50% of the surface area) of internal surface 318 and/or over a substantial portion of external surface 320. In another aspect, the friction-reducing interface, interfaces, structure, or structures may extend substantially completely over (for example, more than 80% of the surface area) internal surface 318 and/or substantially completely over external surface 320. In one aspect, the interface, interfaces, structure, or structures between internal surface 318 of helmet shell 312 and the external surface 320 of headgear liner 316 may comprise a material characterized by providing reduced friction, for example, a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), such as, a DuPont Teflon® PTFE, or its equivalent, or a Saint-Gobain Rulon® PTFE, or its equivalent.
In is envisioned that aspects of the invention may provide at least 5% reduction in friction, for example, at least a 5% reduction in the coefficient of friction (static or dynamic) between internal surface 318 of helmet shell 312 and the external surface 320 of headgear liner 316. However, it is envisioned that aspects of the invention may provide at least a 10% reduction in coefficient of friction, or at least a 20% reduction in the coefficient of friction between internal surface 318 of helmet shell 312 and the external surface 320 of headgear liner 316.
In one aspect of the invention, the reduction in the coefficient of friction may be provided by a fluid, for example, an oil-based lubricant or the like. In another aspect of the invention, the reduction in the coefficient of friction may be provided by a solid, for example, a graphite powder and the like.
In one aspect, the internal surface 318 of helmet shell 312, the external surface 320 of headgear liner 316, or both may be treated, for example, chemically or mechanically to enhance the reduction in friction between the mating surfaces. For example, the internal surface 318 of helmet shell 312, the external surface 320 of headgear liner 316, or both may be sanded or polished to provide reduced friction. In another aspect, the internal surface 318 of helmet shell 312, the external surface 320 of headgear liner 316, or both may be coated with the friction reducing compound, such as, a PTFE-containing compound, or the like.
In one aspect of the invention, as shown in
As shown in
The interface elements or pads 322 may be mounted to the internal surface 318 of helmet shell 312, to the external surface 320 of headgear liner 316, or to both surfaces 318 and 320. Pads 322 may be mounted to the internal surface 318 of helmet shell 312 or to the external surface 320 headgear liner 316 with an adhesive, one or more mechanical fasteners, stitching, or thermal fusion (for example, welding), and the like. In one aspect, interface elements or pads 322 may not be fixed to either surface 318 or surface 316 but be allowed to “float” between surfaces while providing the desired reduction in friction.
Interface elements or pads 322 may comprise a broad range of materials and material surface textures. For example, in one aspect, pads 322 may comprise a plastic, for example, a polyamide (PA), for example, nylon; a polyethylene (PE), both high-density polyethylene (HDPE) and low-density polyethylene (LDPE); a polyethylene terephthalate (PET); a polypropylene (PP); a polyester (PE); a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE); a polystyrene (PS); an acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS); a polycarbonate (PC); or a polyvinylchloride (PVC); among other plastics. In another aspect, pads 322 may comprise an elastic material, such as, a rubber or an elastomer, for example, a natural polymer, such as, polyisoprene rubber, or a synthetic polymer, such as, a neoprene, a thermoplastic elastomer, a thermoplastic rubber, and a polyvinyl chloride, or an ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) rubber, and the like. In another aspect, pads 322 may comprise a wood (for example, in the form of paper) or a metal, while providing the desired reduction in friction.
In one aspect, pads 322 may provide a substantially smooth surface against the mating or opposing surface. In another aspect, pads 322 may provide an irregular surface, for example, one with projections, undulations, asperities, or “hills and valleys,” for instance, providing isolated points or regions of contact with the mating or opposing surface.
In the aspect of the invention shown in
In one aspect, pads 322 may be fabricated from hook-and-loop-type fastener materials, for example, a Velcro® hook-and-loop-type fastener material. In one aspect, the hook-and-loop-type fastener material may be mounted to internal surface 318 of helmet shell 312 and/or to external surface 320 of headgear liner 16 wherein either the “loop-side” or the “hook side” of the hook-and-loop-type material may bear against the opposing surface. For example, in one aspect, pads 322 may comprise hook-and-loop-type fastener material where the pad 322 may be mounted to the external surface 320 of headgear liner 316 where either the loop side or the hook side may bear against the opposing internal surface 320 of the helmet shell 312. In one aspect, pads 322 may be mounted to the external surface 320 of headgear liner 316 where the hook side of the hook-and-loop-type fastener may bear against the opposing internal surface 320 of the helmet shell 312. In one aspect, pads 322 may comprise a hook-and-loop-type fastener material comprising opposing “hook side” and “loop side,” where one side provides a mounting to the surface 318 or surface 320 (via a corresponding hook-and-loop-type fastener mounted to surface 318 or surface 320) and the opposing side provides the friction-reducing bearing surface against surface 318 or surface 320, as appropriate. Alternative arrangements of the mounting of “loop-side” or the “hook side” of a hook-and-loop-type material to internal surface 318 and/or external surface 320 may be apparent to those of skill in the art.
In the aspect of the invention shown in
As shown in
In one aspect of the invention, as shown in
In one aspect, components 332 and 334 may each comprise a hook- and -loop-type fastener material, for example, the same or a different hook-and-loop-type fastener material. For instance, in one aspect, components 332 and 334 may comprise a “hook side,” a “loop side,” or both of a hook-and-loop-type faster material, wherein the interface 336 comprises the backing adhesive that may typically be provided with hook-and-loop-type fasteners. In one aspect, interface elements or pads 322 may comprise components 332 and 334 each having a “hook side” surface of the hook-and-loop-type fastener while mated along interface 336 thus exposing the “hook side” surface on either side of pads 322 for bearing against and reducing friction with a mating surface. In one aspect, the dual component pad 322 shown in
The hook-and-loop-type fasteners used for pad 322 may comprise a plastic hook-and-loop-type fastener, for example, a nylon hook-and-loop-type fastener, or a hook-and-loop type fastener made of any one of the plastics disclosed herein. In one aspect, the hook-and-loop type fastener used for pad 322 may be a Velcro® brand hook-and-loop-type fastener provided by Velcro, USA, for example, a nylon loop Velcro® hook-and-loop-type fastener having model number 158505, or its equivalent.
As disclosed herein, helmets, headgear, headgear liners, helmet liner assemblies, and methods of protecting the head are provided that enhance head protection and provide improvements over the existing helmet or headgear technology. Aspects of the invention may include friction reducing interface elements or pads.
Though aspects of the invention may be applicable for use for construction helmets, in other aspects, the liners and helmets disclosed herein may be used an any type of helmet or headgear that would benefit from aspects of the invention. The liner's disclosed herein may be used in any one or more of a baseball catcher's helmet, a baseball batter's helmet, a soft ball catcher's helmet, a softball batter's helmet, a hockey helmet, a hockey goalie mask, a motorcycle helmet, a motor cross helmet, a skiing helmet, a snowboarding helmet, a skateboarding helmet, a lacrosse helmet, a bicycle helmet, a jockey helmet, an official's helmet, a medical protection helmet, a rock or ice climbing helmet, a mountain climbing helmet, a football helmet, and a military helmet, among others. Other aspects of the invention may be used for other forms of impact protection, for example, for kneepads, for shoulder pads, for chest protectors, or shin guards, among other devices. In one aspect, any one of the liners disclosed herein may be incorporated into an impact protection device, for example, having a liner as disclosed herein and/or having a liner disclosed herein with a shell, for example, a hard plastic shell.
The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the disclosure. As used herein, the singular forms “a,” “an,” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will be further understood that the terms “comprises” and/or “comprising,” when used in this specification, specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof.
The corresponding structures, materials, acts, and equivalents of all means or step plus function elements in the claims below are intended to include any structure, material, or act for performing the function in combination with other claimed elements as specifically claimed. The description of the present disclosure has been presented for purposes of illustration and description, but is not intended to be exhaustive or limited to the disclosure in the form disclosed. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the disclosure. The embodiment was chosen and described in order to best explain the principles of the disclosure and the practical application, and to enable others of ordinary skill in the art to understand the disclosure for various embodiments with various modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated.
While several aspects of the present invention have been described and depicted herein, alternative aspects may be effected by those skilled in the art to accomplish the same objectives. Accordingly, it is intended by the appended claims to cover all such alternative aspects as fall within the true spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims
1. An impact dissipating helmet liner comprising:
- a plurality of flexible, fluid impermeable enclosures, each of the enclosures having opposing end walls, a sidewall extending between the opposing end walls; and
- a fluid contained in each of the plurality of enclosures;
- wherein each of plurality of flexible, fluid impermeable enclosures is in fluid communication with at least one of the other enclosures via a passage comprising a restriction between the enclosures.
2. The helmet liner as recited in claim 1, wherein the liner further comprises a plurality of cavities extending between the upper wall and the lower wall of each of the plurality of enclosures.
3. The helmet liner as recited in claim 2, wherein the liner further comprises a cavity sidewall extending from the upper wall to the lower wall of each of the plurality of cavities.
4. The helmet liner as recited in claim 1, wherein the restriction at least partially restricts flow of the fluid between the enclosures.
5. The helmet liner as recited in claim 1, wherein the restriction comprises a width less than a width of the enclosures.
6. The helmet liner as recited in claim 1, wherein the restriction comprises a width less than 3 times a height of the restriction.
7. The helmet liner as recited in claim 1, wherein the passage is devoid of cavities extending between the upper wall and the lower wall.
8. The helmet liner as recited in claim 1, wherein each of the plurality of flexible, fluid impermeable enclosures is cylindrical.
9. The helmet liner as recited in claim 8, wherein each of the plurality of flexible, fluid impermeable cylindrical enclosures is circular cylindrical.
10. The helmet liner as recited in claim 1, wherein one of the plurality of flexible, fluid impermeable enclosures comprises a central enclosure and at least one of the plurality of the flexible, fluid impermeable enclosures comprises at least one peripheral enclosure in fluid communication with the central enclosure via the passage comprising the restriction.
11-30. (canceled)
31. A headgear liner retainer comprising:
- a head strap adapted to engage the head of a user and mount to a headgear; and
- at least one projection extending from the head strap, the at least one projection positioned and sized to engage at least one recess in a headgear liner;
- wherein the engagement of the at least one projection with the at least one recess in the headgear at least partially retains the headgear liner in the headgear.
32. The retainer as recited in claim 31, wherein the at least one projection comprises a plurality of projections, each of the plurality of projections positioned and sized to engage at least one recess in a headgear liner.
33. The retainer as recited in claim 31, wherein the at least one projection comprises a plurality of cylindrical projections.
34. The retainer as recited in claim 33, wherein the at least one recess in the headgear liner comprises a least one cylindrical recess, and wherein each of the plurality of cylindrical projections are sized to engage the least one cylindrical recess.
35. The retainer as recited in claim 31, wherein the headgear liner comprises a fluid-filled headgear liner and wherein the at least one recess in the fluid-filled headgear liner comprises at least one cavity in the fluid-filled headgear liner.
36. The retainer as recited in claim 35, wherein the at least one cavity in the fluid-filled headgear liner comprises at least one through hole in the fluid-filled headgear liner.
37. The retainer as recited in claim 31, wherein the at least one-projection extending from the head strap comprises at least one projection removably mounted from the head strap.
38. The retainer as recited in claim 31, wherein the at least one recess in the headgear liner comprises at least one recess in an extension of the headgear.
39. The retainer as recited in claim 31, wherein the headgear liner comprises a plurality of enclosures and the at least one recess in the headgear liner comprises at least one recess in each of the plurality of enclosures.
40. The retainer as recited in claim 31, wherein the at least one projection extending from the head strap comprises at least one projection removably mounted to the head strap by one of rotation and translation.
41-83. (canceled)
Type: Application
Filed: Sep 15, 2020
Publication Date: Mar 18, 2021
Applicant: IMPACT TECHNOLOGIES, LLC (Cleverdale, NY)
Inventor: Jason E. Kirshon (Cleverdale, NY)
Application Number: 17/020,888